PHILIPPINE HISTORY OF ART IN ISLAM
COLONIAL PERIOD
Story:
• He was an Arab-Muslim explorer and the founder of
the Sultanate of Sulu.
• He married Princess Piramisuli, daughter of Rajah
Baguinda.
• When his father-in-law died, Abubakar succeeded the
throne and establishment the Sultanate of Sulu.
• Islam was embraced as a religion and as a way of life
by the people of Mindanao among them, the Tausug,
Maranao, Magiondanao, Yakan, Samal, Badjao.
Sayyid Abubakar of Arabia
- He was an Arab-Muslim explorer and the founder of
the Sultanate of Sulu.
- He married Princess Piramisuli, daughter of Rajah
Baguinda.
- He assumed the political and spiritual leadership of
the realm, and was given the title Sultan, and was
also the first Sultan of Sulu.
- He introduced Islamic political institutions and the
consolidation of Islam as the state religion.
Quran
- The central religious text of Islam.
Madarasa
- An Islamic school.
- He was recognized for building a religious school,
also known as Madarasa that facilitated the teaching
of Arabic writing.
Beliefs of Islam
Ummah
- Meaning community of believers.
Tawhid
- Meaning oneness of God.
- Unity of god
- is the religion's central and single-most important
concept, upon which a Muslim's entire faith rests.
- The belief of Islam influences the way art is made
and interpreted mainly the notion of Tawhid.
- Their architecture is also telling of their adherence to
the Tawhid and other Islamic beliefs.
Influence on Arts
Prof. Abraham Sakili, introduced two aspects of
reality:
- Object perceived by the ordinary sense.
- Sense of nothingness – a space or a void empty
Which evoked that God is above and beyond all things.
Architecture
Mosque
- A place of worship for Muslims.
- The parts of the mosque are oriented to the west in
order to fulfil the requirement that all Islamic
building must be oriented toward Mecca as
expression of oneness with the larger community.
- Considering the goal of negating materiality in the
interior of mosques having elaborate patterning
which reliefs to draw the attention away from
concrete object like human forms and nature “toward
the contemplation of the divine.
Parts of Mosque
Mihrab or Niche
- Is a semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that
indicates the qibla.
- A niche in the wall that indicates the direction of
Mecca, towards which all Muslims pray.
Qibla
- The direction of the Kaaba in Mecca and hence the
direction that Muslims should face when praying.
The wall in which a Mihrab appears is thus the
"Qibla Wall".
Architecture
- Islamic building must be oriented towards Mecca.
- Mecca and its bulbous dome, which is characteristics
of Islamic Architecture.
- The dome tells us about how the order of the universe
is imagined.
- Islam continues to shape the art of the Philippine
Muslims.
- Influence of folk (non-muslin) appears.
Ka’bah
- Black shrine is said to build by the Prophet
Muhammad – reference point for the Qiblah –
direction – faced – a Muslim prays.
Area for Water Supply
- Function of ablution, or cleansing before one enters –
Mosque.
Having Dome
- How the order of the universe is imagined – As the
central feature – “all levels of cosmic existence”.
• Octagon Base – the Spirit.
• Four-Sided Main Base – Earth or Material World.
Contemporary Philippine Arts from Religions
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Sarimanok
- The most well-known of old designs, the sarimanok.
The figure represents a fowl with wings, feathered
tail, and a head decorated with ornaments of scrolled
and painted motif of leaves, spirals, and feather-like
forms. It usually stands on a fish and another one
hangs from its beak. The wooden figure, usually
perched atop a bamboo pole, stands among
decorative flags during wedding and other festive
occasions.
Okir
- The term for geometric and flowing plant-based
designs and folk motifs that can be usually found
among the Moro and Lumad people of the Southern
Philippines
Luhul or Canopy
- Type of tapestries that the Tausug uses to hang at
house.
- Feature motifs from the tree of life.
Panolong
- A house ornament fashioned by the Maranao people.
Panolong is a part of thebeam in the Maranao house.
- The shape of the Panolong is an architectural
translation of a “prow”, meaning the protruding part
in the front of a ship.
- Panolongs were designed to make the house appear
as a floating boat in the eyes of the viewer.
Buraq
- A horse with the head of a woman.
- A mythical creature in Islamic tradition that was said
to be a transport for certain prophets.
PHILIPPINE HISTORY OF ART IN SPANISH
COLONIAL PERIOD
Historical Overview
• Introduced formal painting, Sculpture, and
Architecture which inspired by Byzantine, Gothic,
Baroque and Rocco art styles.
• Most art works are Religious (Catholic) based.
• Art forms are stylistically and culturally which are
classified under:
- Religious Art
- Lowland Christian Art
- Folk Art
• To carry out their projects like, the plaza complex,
they relocated the natives and let them build town
centers, municipio(s), and churches.
• Designed according to prescriptions of the Spanish
crown, establishments must impose scale and overall
visual appeal like:
- Cruciform churches with a shape of the Latin cross,
and;
- Hispanic churches, the baroque style are
predominantly employed to appeal emotions.
• Baroque are implied with churches like:
- San Agustin Church in Manila
- Morong Curch in Rizal
- Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte
- Sto. Tomas de Villanueva Church in Miag-ao, Iloilo
• European inspired but with local interventions suits
its native sensibilities and adjustment to local
environmental conditions.
• Façade of Miag-ao Church – surrounded by reliefs or
relleves – tropical motifs.
- Palm fronds and papaya trees
- Adobe, limestone, or brick
- Thick buttresses or wing-like projections
• It is called the Colonial Baroque or Philippine or
Tropical Baroque
Architecture
• Saints and interpretations are the essentials into
worship.
• As the process of engraving, painting, and sculpting
they are highly supervised in accordance to imposing
scale and overall visual appeal.
• The friars brought the Western models for our local
artists to copy which are most likely made from
either ivory or wood and portrays classical and
baroque models.
• In the 17th century, Chinese artisans are engaged in
making icons or saints or santos, building churches
and houses, and making furniture.
• Spread which later on spread throughout Cebu,
Batangas, Manila, and Ilocos.
• It drew upon Chinese features and techniques like in
Nuestra Señora del Rosario in Bohol which
Kuanyin, the deity of mercy in East Asian
Buddhism.
• During the 17th century, Chinese artisan (social rank,
they make tools), under Spaniards supervision were
engaged in wood and ivory; building churches and
houses; as well as making furniture.
Sculpture and Ornamentation
• Santos are displayed most on decorative altar niche,
which are called retablo.
• Town’s patron saint implies with architecture and
sculpture which embellished with rosettes, scrolls,
pediments, and Solomonic columns and are color
dependently classified (gilded or polychrome).
• Via Crucis (14 paintings or relief sculptures) is
series of reliefs which shows Christ’s crucifixion and
resurrection.
• In other churches, Holy Family, the Virgin Mary, and
the four evangelists proliferate in the ceilings and
walls in an ornate manner of trompe l’oeil.
Contemporary Philippine Arts from Religions
1st Periodic of 1st Semester (Grade 12)
• In Taal Basilica in Batangas or at the St. James the
Apostle Parish in Betis, Pampanga it can be seen.
• Church altars – carved figurative protrusions like
relleves in organic designs and in hammered silver or
the plateria (plateria technique) which can be seen at
bodies of the carroza.
Music
• Western musical instruments like pipe organ, the
violin, the guitar and the piano gives a very new
European flavor with new rhythms, melodies and
musical forms.
• Catholic liturgical music, in 1742, where Archbishop
of Manila, Juan Rodriguez Angel started singing
schools in Manila Cathedral which boomed the
industry of choirs.
• Other musical forms like pasyon or pabasa which
are biblical narration of Christ’s passion chanted
(sometimes read).
• Lowland Christian communities of Pampanga, Ilocos,
Bicol, and Iloilo, on another hand, have awit and the
corrido which musical forms chanted, based on
European literature.
• Another one is Balitao which is sentimental love
songs and lullabies in the latter half of the 19th
century.
• Sentiments began to develop which Kundiman is
born that spoke about resignation and fatalism, a
vehicle for resistance with lyrics of unrequited love.
• The love object pointed to which is the Philippines is
cleverly concealed as a beautiful woman.
Writing System
• Mangyans of Mindoro has bamboo poles which are
etched with Baybayin script, used for courtship and
emotional concerns.
• In the town of Ticao, Southern Leyte, a huge stone
contained of Baybayin invocate a safe journey by sea.
• Spanish colonization brought with it printing
technology in the form of catechism and prayer
books in Spanish for a lot to read and write and to
evangel.
Theater
• There are a lot of theater forms formed locally and
through colonization with a simultaneously
development of literature and other art forms.
• One of the earliest forms of theater is pomp and
pageantry.
• Religious processions with embellished carrozas that
shows religious tableaus, saint and scenes.
• Zarsuelas or Sarsuwela in the 19th century is a singing
and dancing – prose dialogue which the story is
carried out in song.
• Later on, the locals learned to write locally language
sarsuwelas in the leadership of Severino Reyes and
Hermogenes Ilagan and Honorata “Atang” dela
Rama as their lead actress.
• Another one is Senakulo
• Christ’s suffering in metaphor to the suffering of
Filipinos under Spanish colonial rule.
• 1st Senakulo was written 1704 by Gaspar Aquino de
Belen is now divided into two types:
 Komedya de Santo – life of Christ or of any saint –
during church celebrations – stylized way –
extravagant costumes – elaborately choreographed
war scene.
 Secular Komedya – commonly known as “Moro-
Moro” which is typical a love story Christian hero
and an Islamic heroine, clashes, and is done with
dance.
Dance
• As the galleon trade between Mexico and the
Philippines brought Mexican influences Cariñosa,
Pandango or Fandango, Polka and Dansa and the
Rigodon and European Influence like Habañera,
Jota and Tango dances from Spain.
Paintings
• Paintings are expressed through visual interpretation
through biblical texts in Catholic devotions.
• Like; Heaven, Earth and Hell (1850) is a mural of
Jose Dans placed now in Paete Church, Laguna that
shows the map of the universe and the terrifying
depiction of hell.
Printing System
• Reprographic art of printmaking is brought as early
as the 16th century which is a technique of
xylography or woodcut printing.
• Doctrina Christiana (The Teachings of Christianity)
• Printed in 1593 in Spanish and in Tagalog compiling
song lyrics, commandments, sacraments, and other
catechetical materials.
• It also engraves the production of secular or non-
religious work like which scientists and artists does
maps as other sources of classification.
• In 1734, Jesuit priest Fr. Pedro Murillo Velarde with
artists Francisco Suarez and the engraver Nicolas de
la Cruz Bagay made Carta Hydrographica y
Chorographica de las Yslas Filipinas is a scientific
map of the Philippines.
• Development of lithography born the reproduction of
color plates, the mass printing of newspapers and
periodicals.
• Another example is, Augustinian botanist Fr. Manuel
Blanco made an extensive compilation of the
Philippine plants in Flora de Filipinas in 1878.
Rise of Classes and Privilege
Contemporary Philippine Arts from Religions
1st Periodic of 1st Semester (Grade 12)
 • Opening of Manila to international trade in 1834 and
Suez Canal in 1869, economic benefits raise for the
native elites.
• Commercial ventures opens opportunity to study in
Europe with the class rose the Ilustrado or
“enlightened” ones.
• Developments of music with the efforts of Pakil-born
Marcelo Adonay are compositions based on the
Western Tradition of Gregorian chants.
• Domestic realm with their altars comprised of
delicate santos in viriña and urna.
• Manifestation in town organization is focused when
they occupied the plaza complex.
• Which are called “Bahay na Bato” for rich and
prominent families, spacious interiors, commissioned
portrait paintings, miniaturist style which artist use to
reveal meticulous signify the wealth and refinement
of the sitter.
Different Prominent Painting Styles and their Artist
• Simon Flores’s painting Portrait of the Quiazon
Family in 1800 is a type of miniature.
• Other miniature painters are Antonio Malantic,
Isidro Arceo, Dionisio de Castro, and Justiniano
Asuncion.
• Details in painting, like Letras y Figuras with
combining names and vignettes of everyday life
became popular. As the Filipino natives acquired
Spanish names under a decree implemented in 1884.
• Another Academia-trained Lorenzo Guerrero painted
The Water Carrier uses of chiaroscuro in the late
19th century.
• Another one from Pampanga-born Simon Flores,
Primeras Letras in 1890 shows a woman teaching a
child how to read.
• In 1884, Juan Luna won gold for Spoliarium and
Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo silver medal for
Virgenes Christianas Expuestas al Populacho
which exhibits Filipino artistic excellence even in
standards set by the European academy.
• Hidalgo’s Virgenes Christianas Expuestas al
Populacho emphasizes on a woman held captive
which counterparts Philippines’ oppression under
Spanish rule.
• Luna’s (Spoliarium) depiction of a lifeless body of a
gladiator being pulled across the coliseum, and;
• Luna with Ilustrado’s Propaganda Movement in
España y Filipinas by 1886.
*Chiaroscuro – uses of light and shadow to create specific
source on the figures and object in the painting.
PHILIPPINE HISTORY OF ART IN AMERICAN
COLONIAL PERIOD (1898 – 1940)
Historical Overview
• Independence – Philippine revolution of 1896 was
cut short to the establishment of American colonial
government.
• Treaty of Paris in 1898 is where the Spain
“surrendered” the Philippines to the United States.
• 1899 to 1913, The Bloody Philippine American war
begun with the institution of government and
education who took charge in initiating the natives to
American way of living.
• Filipino playwrights found themselves confronted by
censorship in issuance of the Sedition Law which
banned writing, printing, and publication of
materials advocating Philippine independence.
• Here it will show us how the Americans influenced
Philippine Culture and Standards by:
 Eye-opener to New Forma(s)
 The Clique
 Education
 Modern Art
An Eye Opener to New Forma(s)
• Lingua Franca in English, poems and stories from
books in classroom to facilitate the teaching of the
English through public school system, which the
Americans had brought.
• In less than a decade, Filipino – began to write plays
in English.
- In 1915, Lino Castillejo and Jesus Araullo authored
A Modern Filipino which first play written in
English.
• Vaudeville (originated from France) form of theatre
during the 1920s.
- Vaudeville – a stage play on a trivial theme with
interspersed songs.
• Motley collection of slapstick, songs, dance,
acrobatics, comedy skits, chorus girls, magic acts,
and stand-up comic acts which is locally called as
bodabil.
• In a time span, some performances have hidden
messages to the guerrillas.
• After the war, bodabil deteriorated into vulgar shows
and soon died away, replaced by the popularity of
film and later, television.
The Clique
• In the beginning of the 20th century, a new urban
pattern – secular goals of education, health, and
governance.
- Architect and urban planner Daniel Burnham –
American government – design Manila and Baguio.
- Architect William Parsons – Burnham Plan.
• City Beautiful Movement introduced in 1893 at
Chicago World Fair in which new urban design,
Neoclassical Architecture are integrated parks and
lawns, to make attractive buildings impressive and
places for leisure amid urban blight.
• Which are monumental in scale and are iconically
composed of thick columns.
Contemporary Philippine Arts from Religions
1st Periodic of 1st Semester (Grade 12)
 • Manila’s neoclassical architecture examples are:
- Post office and the Legislative Building
- National Art Gallery
• Which are monumental in scale and are iconically
composed of thick columns.
• Other Filipino Architects designed buildings with
Neoclassism are:
- Tomas Mapua, Juan Arellano
- Andres Luna de San Pedro
- Antonio Toledo
• Who got their training in the US or in Europe.
Education
• 1909, the year after establishment of the University
of the Philippines, School of Fine Arts was opened
and the course on commercial design aforementioned
had in-demands.
• Fernando Amorsolo became a professor in the UP
school of Fine Arts, which students pertained to as
“Amorsolo School”.
• Guillermo Tolentino, on the other hand, in sculpture
studied Fine Arts in Rome being influenced by the
classical tradition.
- He made the Oblation (1935, original/1958, bronze
cast found at the UP oblation plaza.
- Bonifacio Monument, 1933 in Caloocan.
• Academic (a term referring to the kind of art that
was influenced by European academies) tradition of
painting and sculpture.
*Amorsolo and Tolentino challenge National Artist Victorio
Edades in the modern art movement in the homecoming
exhibition in 1928 by which Philippine Columbian Club
value conservative styles of Amorsolo.
• Latter’s pastoral images, Edades’s The Builders,
1928
- Dull colours; a shift in the treatment of form and
subject matter.
Modern Art
• The proponent of Modern Art, Victorio Edades style
was initially rejected and misunderstood in which his
modernist sensibility was shared by several artists:
- Carlos “Botong” V. Francisco
- Galo Ocampo
• Botong Francisco had his magisterial mural titled the
Filipino Struggles through History in 1964 placed
in Manila City Hall.
• Another piece is Brown Madonna in 1938 of Balo
Ocampo.
*Edades, Francisco, and Ocampo ere called “Triumvirate” of
modern art with their collaborative work that survives to this
day is Nature’s Bounty, (ca. 1935)
• With various mediums, techniques, and themes it is
defined as “new” and even “shocking”.
• Edades publicized a roster of artists modernist
leanings. They are the “Thirteen Moderns” included
himself and 12 others:
- Arsenio Capili
- Bonifacio Cristobal
- Demetrio Diego
- National Artist Carlos Francisco
- National Artist Cesar Legaspi
- Diosdado Lorenzo
- Anita Magsaysay-Ho
- Galo Ocampo
- National Artist Hernando R. Ocampo
- Jose Pardo
- Ricarte Purugganan
PHILIPPINE HISTORY OF ART IN JAPANESE
COLONIAL PERIOD
Historical Overview
• As the Japanese Occupation of Manila, the Modern
Art project begun to slow down.
• The “Moderns” and “Conservatives” continued to
producing art in KALIBAPI (Kapisanan sa
Paglilingkod sa Bagong Pilipinas).
• As the Japanese left a scar into a lot of hearts; we will
see how many good sight the colonization has
brought through the following:
 Pro & Con “-paganda”
 Genre Paintings
 Other Modern Styles
 “Conservatives” vs. “Moderns”
Pro & Con “-Paganda”
• Japanese forces built a formation “Greater East
Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere” – a movement created
a Pan-Asia to reject Western through sponsored
publications such as Shin-Seiki, and newspapers and
magazines such as Liwayway and Tribune.
• Images, texts, and music underwent scrutiny which
subversive or Anti-Japanese led to torturous
consequences even death.
• Regulating the information campaign was a Japanese
Information Bureau or Hodobu who employed local
artist and cultural workers.
• National Artist Felipe P. De Leon said to have been
“commanded at the point of the gun” to write Awit
sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas declared as the
anthem of the period, which conveyed allegiance
reared in East Asia, especially Japan who is in
political power.
• Strictly policed under the Second World War
Amorsolo’s paintings still though has little or no
indication of war’s atrocities.
- Harvest Scene, 1942
- Rice Planting, 1942
Genre Paintings
Contemporary Philippine Arts from Religions
1st Periodic of 1st Semester (Grade 12)
• Genre paintings are widely produced showing neutral
relationship between the Filipinos and the Japanese
of the normality of daily living.
• Colonizers preferred to have showed indigenous and
pre-colonial traditions representing different
ethnolinguistic groups
- Crispin Lopez’s Study on an Aeta, 1943
• Although scenes of war made imagery remained
neutral but rather on the aesthetic qualities of ruin
and disaster.
- Amorsolo’s Bombing of the Intendencia,
1942
- Ruins of the Manila Cathedral, 1945 –
elegant handling – value of the billows of
smoke or the pile of ruins.
• Works that depicted the horrors:
 Diosdado Lorenzo’s Atrocities in Paco
 Dominador Castañeda’s Doomed Family
were painted after 1945
Other Modern Styles
• Alice Guillermo as an artists and writers reflected
national identity with rising from the ashes of war.
• Debates for art’s sake and art conscious about “true
social condition” of the period.
• Period has a promising development of modern art
when a new kind of modernism emerged, observed
by the artist-writer E. Aguilar Cruz which he named
Neo-Realism.
• Many artist explored folk themes, crafted
commentaries, and urban condition in the effects of
war.
• Manansala, Legaspi, and HR Ocampo are other
artists associated in Neo-Realism.
- Manansala’ The Beggars, 1952 & Tuba
Drinkers, 1954
- Legaspi’s Gadgets II, 1949
• Most of Legaspi’s Bar Girls, 1947
• HR Ocampo’s The Contrast, 1940, and;
• Genesis, 1968
*Tapestry Hanging – Main Theatre or Bulwagang
Nicanor Abelardo of the CCP.
Conservatives versus Moderns
• Two years later, the rift between the
“Conservatives” subscribe to the Amorsolo and
Tolentino style & “Moderns” by Edades would
resurface in the AAP art competition.
• Artists, who continued conservative tradition, walked
out to protest and exhibited their works on the streets.
• Their studios lining the street of Mabini, Manila,
referred to Mabini painters.
• UP Diliman campus’ Church of Holy Sacrifice,
1955 – Employed concrete as primary material with
rounded or parabolic forms.
• Chapel of St. Joseph the Workers in Victorias,
Negros.
• Angry Christ
• Abstraction (by modernists)
- Avoided mimetic (exact copy)
representation referred as non-
representational or non-objective art with
relationships of line, color, and space or the
flatness of the canvas.
• Abstract Expressionist is an aspect of spontaneity in
the process of making.
- National Artist Jose Joya uses thick and
often vigorous application of paint.
PHILIPPINE HISTORY OF ART IN CONTEMPORARY
PERIOD
Historical Overview
• Helm of Ferdinand and Imelda Marcos in 1965.
*Cultural projects built backdrop of poverty and
volatile social conditions.
• National chaos of emergency proportions emerged as
Martial Law was declared on September 21, 1972
that was envisioned a New Society or Bagong
Lipunan.
• Propagated and implemented through an art and
culture program – fine arts, architecture, interior
design, tourism, convention city building (hotels,
theatres, and coliseums), engineering, urban
planning, health, among many others.
• Marcoses is considered either a friend or a foe but let
us see how they have influenced the art industry
through the following:
 Marcos Regime Bloom
 Hybriding Arts
 Developmental Arts
 Social Realism
Marcos Regime Bloom
• Discerned in the anthem or songs, aims optimism
toward a new beginning.
*Levi Celerio and Felipe Padilla de Leon’s – Bagong
Pagsilang.
• Index of progress, refinement, radical experiment,
national iodentity, and love for country circulated in
the intricate network of institutions in threads of the
pre-modern, vernacular, the modern, and
international.
• Cutural Center of the Philippines (CCP) is a
bureaucratic entity of part acquisition that upholds
exhibition making, workshops, grants, and awards.
*Created on 25th June 1966 in the Executive Order 30
and inaugurated in 1969, the year Marcos was elected
to his second term as Philippine President.
• Leandro Locsin designed the modernist building,
crossing between the vernacular bahay kubo and art
brut minimalist structures as shrine to High Art.
Contemporary Philippine Arts from Religions
1st Periodic of 1st Semester (Grade 12)
• Structure presides – entrance of the CCP complex –
satellite structures.
o Folk Art Theatre – Venue of the first Ms.
Universe Pageant in the Philippines in 1974.
o Philippine International Convention
Center (PICC) – 1976 IMFWorld Bank
Conference.
o Tahanang Filipino or Coconut Palace –
Anticipation of a papal visit.
o Manila Film Center – Manila Internationsl
Film Festival – Rival Cannes.
• Struggles that a realist approaches are conscious with
regards for the oppressed and underrepresented
masses.
• Commonly tackles plight of the marginalized,
inequality, and forms of repression.
*In a worked collectively, and in collaboration not
only producing murals and other art forms but also in
making aesthetic decisions grounded on a common
mass – based, scientific and nationalist framework.

Hybriding Arts

• CCP supported artists by providing venues and grants

and served as a validating entity of major awards to
National Artists.
• Propped u[, the authority on modern art had an avant-
garde like composer and ethnomusicologist National
Artist Jose Maceda was staged in CCP.
• Opened and managed by artist professor Robert
Chabet, tasked as first director – avowedly
conceptual, emphasizing the idea rather than
technique and form. He considered himself as Flux
Artist – instrumental to CCP’s – became an
establishment figure.
• Group exhibition, Objects in CCP in 1973 is a tore
up a copy of a coffee-table book to Philippine
contemporary art into trash bin.
• Tearing into Pieces was scandalous critique to
conventions of the art world, The Struggle for
Philippine Art referred by Purita Kalaw-Ledesma
which she says “anti – museum art”.
• Under Chabet and later Raymundo Albano, CCP
Museum opened its exhibition programming
influenced western avant-garde – tenets, pop art,
happenings, environmental assemblages, new
realism, performance art, and sound works.

Developmental Art

• Curatorial stance of Albano as more populist –

initiated projects into a rubics he termed
“developmental art”.
• In 1971 – 1976 – it is still in the “exposure phase”
as advanced art is experimental in nature.
*With the use of sand, junk, iron, non-art materials
such as law lumber and rocks.
• People were shocked, scared, delighted, and satisfied
by the notions of art did not agree.
• Under Albano’s directorship, CCP also reached out
to regions outside Manila and beyond through art
workshops and outreach programs through PAS.

Social Realism

• Social Realism (SR) is a significant strand of intense

political ferment in the 70s and the 80s.
• Various mediums, techniques, and styles was referred
to as protest art in socio-political issues.
Contemporary Philippine Arts from Religions
1st Periodic of 1st Semester (Grade 12)