Example 2

Given
Column: Footing

- Dead Load: D = 200kips - Compressive strength of Concrete: f c' = 4ksi

- Live Load: L = 100kips - Yield strength of rebar: f y = 60ksi

- Size: 16in x 16in - Allowable soil bearing pressure: qa = 6ksf

- Yield strength of rebar: f y = 60ksi

- Compressive strength of Concrete: f c = 4ksi

'

Find Suitable square footing design.

Solution (Previously outlined steps will be noted again)

1. Load combination: Pu = 1.4 ( 200 ) + 1.7 (100 ) = 450kips

2. Footing size: B = L = ( 200 + 100 ) / 6 = 7.07 ft

3. Ultimate bearing capacity: qu = Pu / B 2 = 450 / 7.07 2 = 9ksf

4. Check punching shear: vc = 4 f c' = 4 ( 0.85 ) 4000 = 215.03 psi = 31ksf

5. Use Eq. 6.6a to determine d:
(B 2
− x 2 ) q / 4 = d 2 ( vc + q / 4 ) + d ( vc + q / 2 ) x
In our case x = 16in = 1.333 ft. Hence,

( 7.07 2
− 1.3332 ) 9 / 4 = d 2 ( 31 + 9 / 4 ) + d ( 31 + 9 / 2 )1.333
Solving, d = 1.11 ft = 13.32in. , use d = 14.57in (0.37m)
(Checking for wide-beam shear is not necessary; for square footing diagonal shear stress governs.)
6. The critical section for bending for a concrete column is at its face: Using a 1-ft wide strip, we get,
M = 9 ( 2.87 ) / 2 = 35.54k − ft = 426.4k − in.
2

a = As f y / 0.85 f c'b = 60 As / 0.85  4 12 = 1.47 As

M u =  As f y ( d − a / 2 ) = 0.9 As ( 60 )(14.57 − 1.47 As / 2 ) = 426.4k − in.
Solving, As = 0.56in / ft
2

Atot = 0.56  7.07 = 3.96in 2

Check  :  = As / bd = 0.56 / (12 )  (14.57 ) = 0.0032
 max = 0.75 b = 0.016 (See Table 6.1);  min = 0.002
 max     min (OK)
Use #5 bars; As / bar = 0.31in
2

(
Spacing= As bar / Areq ' d ) (12 ) = ( 0.31/ 0.56 )(12 ) = 6.64in. use 6.5in. (165mm)
Using 13 #5 bars @ 6.5in.c.c, As = 4.03in.  3.96in.
2 2
OK

Development length (Sec. 12.2)

 ld = 0.04 As f y / f c' = ( 0.04 )( 0.44 )( 60000 ) / 4000 = 16.70in., say 17in.
Or
ld = 0.0004db f y = ( 0.0004 )( 0.75)( 60000 ) = 18in
Thus, use 18in.
7. Bearing (Sec. 10.16)
f c = 0.85 f c' A2 / A1

In our case, A2 / A1 = 4.64; use 2

Thus f c = 0.85 ( 0.7 )( 4000 ) 2 = 4760 psi = 4.76ksi

= 300 / (16 ) = 1.17ksi  4.76ksi

2
fc actual (OK)

Figure1. Critical section for calculating bending in a

footing supporting a concrete column.

A1=16in. x 16in.

14.57 in.

A2=[16+4(14.57)]2

Figure 2 Frustrum used when determining A2

Dowels

Since f c actual  fc allow for bearing;

Adow = 0.005 Ag col ; min. of 4 bars

Adow = 0.005 (16 ) = 1.28in.2

2

Use 4#6 bars, As = 1.76in.

2
 Dowel diameter must not exceed longitudinal bar diameter by more than 0.15in. In our case dowel bar
diameter is =0.75 in. bigger than footing rebar 0.125in. so it’s O.K.
Dowel development length (Sec.12.3.2)

ld = 0.02db f y / f c' = 0.02 ( 0.75 )( 60000 ) / 4000 = 14.23in.  8in.

Or

ld = 0.0003db f y = 0.0003 ( 0.75 )( 60000 ) = 13.5in.  8in.

ld = 14.23in.  d = 14.57in.

If needed, the ld could be modified (Sec. 12.3.3.1), as

( )
ld' = ld Areq'd / Aprov = 14.23 (1.28 /1.76 ) = 10.35in.

But, practically, ld  say 23in. or 24in.; would be advisable into the footing “secured” to main
reinforcement, and say 16.5 in. into column.
8. Details of the design are shown in Fig. 3 Reinforcement cover (Sec.7.71a) is 3in. Thus,
D=14.57+0.625+3=18.2 in. (462mm). And the center to the top steel,
D=14.57+0.625+0.3125+3=18.5in. (470mm). Use D=470mm.

Figure3. Dimensions and details depicting the final design.