Least amount of information needed

Identify

Give

Outline

Describe

Explain

Most amount of information needed.

Identify
To identify is to simply state what the subject of the question is within a few words or sentence.
It is important to be specific. Don’t just say “training”, say what type of training. Don’t just say
“PPE”, say what type of PPE.
Identify four hazards associated with excavations.
Collapse of the sides, water ingress, falling materials, underground services.
Give
“Give” is an alternative for name/state, usually requiring students to provide a simple
straightforward answer without further explanation. Possibly even a single word answer.
Give can also be used in question such as “give the meaning of” which means “Define, using
your own words.’ You may also be asked to “Give” examples or reasons for something. In that
case you should provide as much as detail as necessary to demonstrate your knowledge.
Identify four types of safety sign and give an example in EACH case.
Prohibition signs-e.g. No smoking
Warning signs-e.g. caution hot surface
Mandatory signs-e.g. wear ear protection
Emergency or safe condition signs-e.g. first-aid box.
Outline
When outlining it is important to indicate the principal features of something. An exhaustive
description or explanation is not required. What is sought is a brief summary of the major
aspects of whatever is stated in the question. Usually just a short sentence is sufficient to
outline something.
Outline four hazards associated with excavations.
Collapse of the sides, unsupported trench or incorrect angle of the sides
water ingress, through heavy rain or burst water main.
falling materials, spoil dug from excavation or material and tools stored at ground level could
fall in.
underground services, contact or rupturing of electricity, gas or water utilities.
Describe
Describe is not used all that often. You need to provide, in detail, the distinctive features of a
subject. The account should be factual, without any attempt to explain. When describing the
subject, a test of sufficient detail would be that another person would be able to visualize
what you are describing. It is like drawing a picture with words. Alternatively, if asked to
describe a process or procedure you need to give step guide to how to do it.
Describe the mechanical hazards associated with a bench grinder.
An entanglement hazard would be associated with the rotating spindle that the abrasive
wheel is mounted on. Drawing in and trapping is associated with the gap between the tool
rest and the rotating abrasive wheel. Friction or abrasion hazards would be associated with
the surface of the rotating abrasive wheel and stabbing or puncture hazards could be created
by flying fragments or pieces of ejected broken wheel.
[in the describe answer above, no attempt is made to explain how a person could be injured
using an abrasive wheel]
Explain
To explain something is to know and understand why or how something happens and show
this. Explain is mostly used in questions asking you to explain why or how.
Contrary to popular belief lengthy answer are not always necessary for explain question. But
you do need to demonstrate good understanding of why and how. It is often useful to provide
an example to help you illustrate your answer.
Explain how sensitive protective equipment can reduce the risk of contact with moving parts
of machinery.
Sensitive protective equipment is designed to identify the presence of a person or body part
within the danger zone of machinery. Examples of such devices include pressure mats and
light beams that are connected to the machine controls and would stop the machine rapidly
should a person or bod part be detected.
IGC3
Hazards and Consequences15’
Be specific regarding the nature of the hazard and outline fully.
Be clear on how the hazard might cause and what the consequence could be.
Outline between 20-30 hazards and highlight as many different hazard types as possible and
eliminating duplications where possible.
Focus on real hazards and try to avoid poor policy and lack of procedure and so on.
Actions and Timescales15’
Identify immediate and long term actions for all of the hazards.
What actions can be implemented immediately?
What long term action could be take longer will correct the root cause?
Take actions should think about the hierarchy controls
Elimination –design it out
Substation –use something else
Engineering controls --Isolation and guarding
Administrative controls—training and work scheduling
Personal protective equipment—last recort.
Time scales
Be specific and be realistic
Introduction 5’
Start by saying
Where the inspection takes place
When the inspection takes place.
Describe the work area and the activities undertaken there. What the people actually do. What
kind of equipment actually use?
A description the workplace and the people who work there.
For the workplace how big it is. How many square meters, the number of people employed?
The layout of the workplace and connection. What kind of people types of people? Equipment
used. Activities performed. Shift patterns.
Main findings 30’
15marks for the findings, 5marks for legal breaches.10 marks for your persuasiveness,
technical content and conciseness.
Legal braches:
what do the regulation require and how do you know it was breached? ILO regulations and
ILO recommendations.
Main findings: 4 个起
Select key significant hazards from your observation sheets to discuss in your report.
Choosing the hazards that can cause imminent and serious injuries or expose large
numbers people to danger

Identify the most important hazards for discussion in your report. Do not copy or duplicate
the observation sheets. Discuss each hazard and describe how it might cause harm. Outline
the consequence to the person and the organization. Remember to talk about the legal, moral
financial consequence. The talk about the legal breach. Outline it fully. Describe the reasons
for it. Make sure the legislation is relevant to your location. Suggest possible actions and
control measures. Both immediate and long term. Talk about the benefits of those actions.
How might they improve safety at the workplace and what are the wider benefits to the
organization. Repeat that structure for each of your key hazards.

Conclusions15’
Summaries each of the key hazards from your main findings,
Be specific about the hazards and their consequence. Be persuasive. What are the hazards?
What are the consequence? What might happen if actin is not taken to control the hazards.
Talk about legal, moral financial and organizational consequences of inaction.
Repetition is required
Do not copy findings word for word.
Do not introduce new hazards or materials.
Do not forget to mention key hazards form your report.
The conclusion deal with the problems. Not the actions.
Recommendations 15’
Candidate must include recommendations based upon their conclusions.
Provide at least one recommendation for each of the hazards you summarized in your
conclusions.
Recommendations follow on logically from the conclusions.
Main hazards conclusion recommedations.
Be specific about what needs to be changed and what change is.
Executive summary5’