Thermodynamic Online – TEST- 1 - Solution

Answer Key

S. No. Ans.
1 C
2 A
3 A
4 303.14 to 303.17
5 B
6 D
7 D
8 C
9 B
10 D
11 C
12 C
13 C
14 B
15 C
16 C
17 C
18 A
19 A
20 A
21 A
22 D
23 B
24 93.451 to 91.601
25 54.611 to 53.529
26 B
27 7.161 to 7.019
28 1253.37 to 1228.55
29 C
30 C

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 Solution

𝜕𝑃
1. Solution:- =0
𝜕𝑉 𝑇=𝑇∞

𝜕2𝑃
=0
𝜕𝑉 2 𝑇=𝑇∞

2. Solution:- V = Vf + x Vg − Vf

12 = 0.001 + x (15.25 – 0.001)

12−0.001 11.999
x = 15.25−0.001 = 15.249 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖

3. Solution:- For an ideal gas due to throttling, the temperature remains constant.

4. Solution:- Absolute temperature = 273.15 + T

= 273.15 + 30 = 303.150K

5. Solution:- Centrifugal pump sucks and delivers water

6. Solution:- T = C  dT = 0 → dU = 0

∴ dQ = dw

For non flow process

a
7. Solution:- P + V 2 V − b = RT

a RT
P + V 2 = V−b

2
 RT a
P = V−b − V 2

𝜔 Vf Vf RT a
= PdV = − V 2 dv
2 𝑉𝐿 Vi V−b

Vf 𝑉 −2+1 V
= RTln (V-b) − 𝑎 −2+1 f
Vi Vi

𝐕𝐟 −𝐛 𝟏 𝟏
= RTln +𝒂 −𝐕
𝐕𝐢 −𝐛 𝐕𝐟 𝐢

8. Solution:- Z = f(P, V)

∂Z ∂Z
dZ = dp + = dV
∂P v ∂V v

= Vdp + PdV

∂Z ∂Z
M= V; N = =P
∂P v ∂V P

∂2 Z ∂2Z
= 1; =1
∂V ∂P ∂P ∂V

∂M ∂M
= 1; =1
∂V ∂p

∂M ∂M
=
∂V ∂p

Hence Thermodynamic property

9. Ans. B

10. Ans. D

V
11. Solution:- 1W2 = mp1 v1 ln V 2
1

0.216
= 2 × 400 × 0.503 ln 0.503

= −340.13 kJ = 340.13 (Work consumed)

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12. Solution:- P1 = 1500 kPa; T1 = 500 K

P2 = 150 kPa T2 = 300 K

h1 = 750 kJ/kg
h
1
hf2 = 500 kJ/kg 2

hg2 = 2500 kJ/kg

s
For throttling Process

h1 = h2 + hf2 + x2 hg2 − hf2

750 = 500 + x2 (2500 – 500)

750−500
x2 = 2500 −500 = 0.125

Or 12.5%

13. Solution:- Adiabatic cooling constant enthalpy cooling

h1 = h2
𝜔2 = ?
2
CP a T1 − 0 + ω1 hf g + CP v T1 − 0 𝜔1 = 0.015
1

= CP a T2 − 0 + ω2 hf R + CP v T2 − 0 T2 = 550 C T1 = 700 C

1.005 70 − 0 + 0.015[2501.7 + 1.88 70 − 0 ]

= 1.005 55 − 0 + ω2 [2501.7 + 1.88 55 − 0 ]

110.345 = 55.275 + ω2 (2605.1)

110.345−55.275 Kg Vap
ω2 = = 0. 𝟎𝟐𝟏𝟏𝟒
2605 .1 Kg da

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14. Solution:-

h1 = 191.81 kJ/kg

h3 = 3230.82 kJ/kg (3)

(5)
h4 = 2891.6 kJ/kg
T
h5 = 3267.97 kJ/kg 3MPa

(hg)10kPa = 2584.63 kJ/kg (2)

x6 = 0.92285
0.8MPa
3
(f )10kPa = 0.00101 m /kg (4)

h6 = h1 + x6 (hg)10kPa − h1
(1) (6)
= 191.81 + 0.92285[2584.63 − 19181]
S
= 2400 kJ/kg

Wp = h2 − h1 = (f1 ) PBoil − Pcon

Wp = h2 −191.81 = 0.00101 3000 − 10 = 3.019 kJ/kg

h2 = 194.83 kJ/kg

h2 − h1 = 3.019 kJ/kg

Qs = Heat Supplied = h3 − h2 + hs − h4

= 3230.82 − 194.83 + (3267.97 − 2891.6)

= 𝟑𝟏𝟒𝟐. 𝟑𝟕 𝐤𝐉/𝐤𝐠

15. Solution:- WOPT Brayton = CP Tmax − Tmin

WOPT Otto = CV Tmax − Tmin

W OPT Brayton C
= CP = 𝛾
W OPT Otto V

𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡 12.73×10 6 4.55×10 6

16. Solution:- COP = ,𝑊 = = 4.55 × 106 , time = = 15.15 minutes  ¼ hour
𝑊 2.8 5 ×10 3

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 Workdone (W) Q 1 −Q 2 80−70
17. Solution:- Thermal efficiency = = = = 12.5%
Heat supplied Q1 80

373 K

Q1 = 80kJ

HE W=?

Q2 = 70kJ

303 K

actual heat drop V2

18. Solution:-  = isentropic = V 21
heat drop is

u
= 0.5, u = 150 m/s  V1 = 300 m/s
V1

300 2
 0.9 = , Vis = 316.22 m/s
V 2is

1
is V2 50kJ
∴ isentropic heat drop = 2 × 1000 = kg

19. Solution:- P1 = 1 bar

T1 = 300 K

P2 = 9 bar

𝛾 = 1.4

R = 0.287 KJ/Kg.

Pintermediate = P = P1 P2 = 1 × 9 = 3bar
𝛾 −1
𝛾
Workdone = 𝛾−1 𝑅T1 P 𝛾 −1

1.4−1
1.4
= 1.4−1 × 0.287 × 300 3 1.4 − 1 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟏𝟏kJ

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20. Solution:-

350° 2

3 3 MPa
234°

75 MPa
91.78℃ 1
4
T

S
At 3MPa pressure

h4 = hf + hfg + cpg (Tsup − Tsat)

h4 = 1008.42 + 1795.7 + 2.7 350 − 234 = 3117.42 KJ/Kg

if h3 ≈ h2 → At 75 KPa pressure

h2 = hf = 384.39 KJ/Kg

Heat added  h4 − h3 = h4 − h2

𝐊𝐉
= 3117.42 – 384.39 = 2733.03 𝐊𝐠

21. Ans. A

22. Solution:-

Q1(kW) Q2(kW) W.(kW) 

25 16.80 8.20 32.8%
26.67 17.92 8.75 32.8%
28.33 19.03 9.30 32.8%
30 20.15 9.85 32.8%

2000
= 33.33 = Q1
60

𝑊
 = 𝑄 = 0.328
1

W = 10.93

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23. Solution:- Given data:

F1 = 5000 kPa

V1 = 0.2 m3

P2 = P1

V2 = 2V1 = 0.4

W=?

1) W1−2 = P2 V2 − V1 = 5000 0.4 − 0.2 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐤𝐉

P2V2− P3V3
2) W2−3 = n−1

P2 V21.3 = P3 V31.3

V 2 1.3 0.4 1.3

P3 = P2 V3
= 5000 0.8
= 2030.6 kPa

2000 −1624 .5
W2−3 = = 𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟏. 𝟔 𝐤𝐉
0.3

24. Solution:-

P1 = 900 KPa Wmax = u1 − u2 − T0 S1 − S2 + P0 (V1 − V2 )

T P
T1 = 400 K ∴ S2 − S1 = m CP ln T 1 − mR ln P 2
2 1

P2 = 150 KPa 300 1.5

= 1 1.005 ln 400 − 0.287 ln 9
T2 = 300 K
= -0.227 kJ/kgK

P0 = 100
T0 = 288
m = 1 kg

u2 − u1 = mCv T2 − T1 = 1 × 0.718 300 − 400 = −71.8 kJ/kg

mR T 1 1×0.287×400 mR T 2 1×0.287×300
V1 = = = 0.1275 m3 , V2 = = = 0.574 m3
P1 900 P2 150

∴ Wmax = u1 − u2 − T0 S1 − S2 + P0 (V1 − V2 )

= 71.8 + 288 0.227 + 100(0.1275 − 0.574)

= 71.8 + 65.38 − 44.65 = 𝟗𝟐. 𝟓𝟐𝟔 kJ/kg

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 134.5
25. Solution:- Thermal efficiency = 248.8 = 0.54 𝑖. 𝑒. 54.07%

1 r−1 1 0.4
= 1− =1− = 54.07%
r 7

P1V1− P2V2
26. Solution:- W = = 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎𝟓 𝐉
γ−1

T 1 −T 2 W net
27. Solution:- H.E = =
T1 Q1

2.01×1000
H.E = 0.5572 =  Q1 = 3.6 kW; Q2 = Q1 − Wnet = 1.59kW
Q1

Q2 + Q3 T2 298 Q
Overall COP = ; COPHP = T = 298−273 = 11.92 = W 3
Q1 2 −T 4 net

1.59+23.95
11.92 × 2.01 × 103 = Q3  Q3 = 23.95 kW; ∴ Overall COP = = 𝟕. 𝟎𝟗
3.6

28. Solution:- V = 0.05; Vf = mf vg = 8 × 0.0012512 = 0.0100096

V = Vf + Vg  0.05 = 0.0100096 + Vg  Vg = 0.03999

Vg
Vg = mg vg  mg = = 0.797725
vg

mg 0.797725
x=m = 0.797725 +8 = 0.0906
g + mf

h = hf + xhfg = 1085.36 + 0.906 1716.2 = 𝟏𝟐𝟒𝟎. 𝟗𝟔

29. Solution:- m = 4 kg; P1 = 3 bar; V1 = 0.1 m3 ; V2 = 0.2 m3

P1 V11.5 = P2 V21.5

P2 = 1.06 bar

Work done by the system, W = P1 V1 − P2 V2 /n −1

W = 17.6 KJ
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 Net heat transfer for the process Q = (U2 − U1 ) + W

= (u2 − u1 ) + W = 4 × −4.6 + 17.6 = −𝟎. 𝟖 KJ

Entropy of unit mass T sat h fg @3MPa 573

30. Solution:- = Cpwater ln + + CP sup +
of superheated steam 273.15 T sat T sat

Entropy of unit mass 507 1795.8 573

= 4.18 ln + + 2.1 ln
of superheated steam 273.15 507 507

= 2.585 + 3.54 + 0.257 = 6.384 kJ/kgK

For 7 kg of steam, Entropy = 44.7 kJ/kg

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