CERVICAL

flexion 0-45°

extension 0-45°

Lat. flexion 0-45°

rotation 0-60°

T/L

flexion 0-80°

extension 0-25°

Lat. flexion 0-35°

rotation 0-45°

SHOULDER
flexion 0-180°

abduction 0-180°

extension 0-60°

IR 0-70°

ER 0-90°
ELBOW

flexion 150°-0

extension 0-150°

hyperextension 0-10°

pronation 0-80°

supination 0-80°

WRIST

flexion 0-80°

extension 0-70°

Radial dev. 0-20°

Ulnar dev. 0-30°

FINGERS

MCP F:0-90° E:0-45°

PIP F:0-100° E:0

DIP F:0-90° E:0

THUMB

CMC F:0-15° E:0-20°

A:0-70°

MCP F:0-50° E:0

IP F:0-80° E:0-20°
HIP

flexion 0-120°

extension 0-20°

IR 0-45°

ER 0-45°

Abduction 0-40°

adduction 0-20°

SLR 0-90°

KNEE

flexion 0-135°

extension 0-10°

ANKLE

dorsiflexion 0-20°

plantarflexion 0-80°

inversion 0-35°

eversion 0-15°

Radial deviation 0-20°

Ulnar deviation 0-30°

BIG TOE

flexion 0-45°

extension 0-70°
UPPER EX

C1-2 Cervical flexion

C3 Cervical lat. flexion

C4 Shoulder elevation

C5 Shoulder abduction

C6 Elbow flexion + wrist

extension

C7 Elbow extension + wrist

flexion

C8 Thumb extension

T1 Finger abduction

LOWER EX

L1,2 Hip flexion

L3,4 Knee extension

L4 Ankle dorsiflexion

L5,s1 Hip extension/knee flexion

S1,2 Ankle plantar dorsiflexion

L5 Big toe extension

 TYPE MOTION STRUCTURE EXAMPLE

Synarthrosis None Fibrous - suture Bones in skull

Syndesmosis slight Fibrous - ligamentous Distal tibiofibular

Gomphosis none Fibrous - peg-in-socket Teeth in mandible and

maxilla

Amphiarthosis little cartilaginous Symphisis pubis, IV disks

Diarthrosis free synovial Hip,elbow and knee

No. Of Axes Shape of Joint Joint Motion Example

Nonaxial Irregular (plane) Gliding Intercarplas

Uniaxial Hinge F/E Elbow and Knee

Pivot Rotation Atlas/Axis,

Radius/Ulna

Biaxial Condyloid F/E - Abd/Add Wrist, MPs

Saddle F/E - Abd/Add - Thumb, CMC

rot(accessory)

Triaxial(multiaxial) Ball and socket F/E - Abd/Add, Rot SH, Hip