Animal Farm by George Orwell

Old Major’s Speech

George Orwell wrote the novel Animal Farm telling the story of the Russian Revolution as a parrallel tale of
animals rebelling against human beings. Old Major, a pig, begins the story with this speech to the other
animals. Comrades you have heard already about the strange dream that I had last night. But I will come to the
dream later. I have something else to say first. I do not think, comrades, that I shall be with you for many
months long er, and before I die, I feel it my duty to pass on to you such wisdom as I have acquired.

Now, comrades, what is the nature of this life of ours? Let us face it: our lives are miserable, laborious
and short. We are born, we are given just so much food as will keep the breath in our bodies, and those
of us who are capable of it are forced to work to the last atom of our strength; and the very instant that
our usefulness has come to an end we are slaughtered with hideous cruelty. No animal in England knows
the meaning of happiness or leisure after he is a year old. No animal in England is free. The life of an
animal is misery and slavery; that is the plain truth.

Is it not crystal clear, then, comrades, that all the evils of this life of ours spring from the tyranny of
human beings? Only get rid of man, and the produce of our labour would be our own. Almost overnight
we could become rich and free. What then must we do? Why, work night and day, body and soul for the
overthrow of the human race! That is my message to you, comrades: Rebellion! I do not know when that
rebellion will come, it might be in a week or in a hundred years, but I know, as surely as I see this straw
beneath my feet , that sooner or later justice will be done.

And now, comrades, I will tell you about my dream last night… It was a dream of the earth as it will be
when Man has vanished. It reminded me of something I had long forgotten. Last night , it came back to
me in my dream. And what is more, the words of the song also came back. I will sing you that song
now, comrades.

Soon or late the day is coming.

Tyrant Man shall be o’erthrown.
And the fruitful fields of England
Shall be trod by beasts alone.

Rings shall vanish from our noses,

And the harness from our back.
Bit and spur shall rust forever.
Cruel whips no more will crack.

Bright will shine the fields of England,

Purer shall its waters be,
Sweeter yet shall blow its breezes
On the day that sets us free.

Beasts of England, beasts of

Ireland, Beasts of every land and
clime, Hearken well and spread my
tidings Of the golden future time.
“I have A Dream” Martin Luther King – speech excerpt
Martin Luther King gave this speech to a civil rights march in Washington DC in 1963.
It is one of the most famous speeches of the twentieth century. The march was about giving black people the same
rights as white people in America.

I say to you, my friends, that even though we must face the difficulties of today and tomorrow, I still have a
dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: ‘We hold these truths to be
self-evident; that all men are created equal.’

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former
slave owners will be ab le to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice,
sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the
color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today!

I have a dream that one day the glory of the Lord will be revealed and all flesh shall see it together.

This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the south with. With this faith we will be able to work
together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together,
knowing that we will be free one day.

This will be when all of God’s children will be able to sing with new meaning:

‘My country ‘tis of thee

Sweet land of liberty,
Of thee I sing:
Land of where my fathers died,
Land of the pilgrims’ pride
From every mountainside
Let freedom ring.’

When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and
every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews
and gentiles,

Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the
old Negro spiritual, ‘Free at last! Free at last! Thank God Almighty, we are free at
last!’
Directions: After reading Old Major’s speech from Animal Farm, Martin Luther King’s “I have a Dream” speech, and John
Lennon’s song “Imagine,” answer the following analysis questions in complete sentences. Most questions cannot be answered in
one sentence. Be sure to answer ALL parts of each questions to receive full points.

1. What word does King use to address his audience? What word does Old Major use? Why would these speakers use this
word to address the audience?

2. Old Major uses this word multiple times throughout his speech. What effect does repeating the word create?

3. What is King attempting to inspire his audience to do? Old Major? Lennon?

4. How is the message of each speaker similar?

5. The “rule of three” is a principle in writing that suggests that things that come in threes are naturally more satisfying.
Where do you see the “rule of three” in each of the speeches? What effect comes from this repetition?

6. A rhetorical question is when someone asks a question that is not meant to be answered, but to set up for the next piece
of information and answer the question himself. What rhetorical questions can you find in the speeches? What effect comes from
these rhetorical questions?
Directions: Compare the content of Old Major’s speech in Animal Farm to Martin Luther King’s “I have a Dream.”

Old Major’s Speech in Animal Martin Luther King’s “I have a

Content
Farm Dream” speech

Describe the
present situation
Who’s benefiting
under the current
conditions

Prove Unfairness
Who’s suffering
under the current
conditions?

Provide a vision of
a better way
What would the
conditions be like if
the conditions were
fairer than they are
now?

Call for Action

What must be done
to achieve fairer
conditions?
Directions: Compare the rhetorical tools of Old Major’s speech in Animal Farm to Martin Luther King’s “I have a
Dream.”

Old Major’s Speech in Animal Martin Luther King’s “I have a

Rhetorical Tools
Farm Dream” speech

Alliteration
Repetition of sounds
“May man of merit
may be motivated to
act!”

Repetition
Key words or
phrases repeated for
emphasis

Metaphor
List comparisons
that help listeners
“envision” meaning
“Let our dream soar
on wings of
optimism!”

Allusion
Historical or literary
references
“President Kennedy
once told us to ‘Ask
what we could do
for our country.’
And now it is time to
DO!”