Visayas State University

College of Engineering
Department of Agriculural Engineering
Visca, Baybay City, 6521-A, Leyte, Philippines
____________________________________________________________________

Introduction to Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ABEn 131)

1st semester, AY 2019-2020

Laboratory Exercise No. 1

Familiarization of the Different ABE Processing Equipment at the Plant Oil Processing Center
(POTC) at the College of Engineering

Name of Members: Involvement Date Performed:

1. Ian Dave Comodas Leader August 9, 2019
2. Regie Guino Member Date Submitted:
3. Johanna Mae Denoy Member August 16, 2019
4. Member Score:
5. Member
6. Member

I. INTRODUCTION
Oven is one of the most widely used household appliances. Most of homes and
most of conveniences store and restaurants have an oven. The reason for its popularity
is that it cooks food in an amazingly short amount of time. They are also extremely
efficient in their use of electricity because an oven heats only the food-nothing else.

II. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the laboratory class, the students should be able to visit the Plant
Oil Technology Center (POTC) of the College of Engineering. List the processing
equipment with pictures found at POTC with description and purpose or use of each
equipment. Operate and describe the operating principles of one equipment (each
group will work on only one equipment). Write and submit group report of laboratory
exercise one week after the conduct of the laboratory activity.

III. MATERIALS AND METHODS

A. Grouping
The class was divided into five groups. Each group was worked as a
team, helping one another.
 B. Materials

Laboratory equipment, Personal computer, Cellular phones, Ballpen,

Notebook, Bondpapers

C. Methods

We visited the Plant Oil Technology Center (POTC) of the College of

Engineering. There, we’ve meet lots of oil processing equipment. Our
instructor gave us a brief description and showed us a one by one demo on
how to properly used and operate all the equipment inside the laboratory
center.

Below are the equipment that can be found at the Plant Oil Technology
Center:

Biodiesel Processor
-> used to mix the component of a Biodiesel

Viking Cutter
-> used to cut raw materials into small pieces.
 Oven / Dryer

-> A microwaved oven or oven is an electric oven that heats and cook
foods by exposing it to electromagnetic radiation in the microwave frequency
range.This induces polar molecules in the food to rotate and produce thermal energy
in a process known as dielectric heating. It heats food quikly and efficiently because
excitation is fairly uniform of a homogeneous, high water content food item.
Microwave ovens was discovered accidentally by an American electrical
engineer Percy Spencer.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A microwave oven uses microwave to heat foods. Microwaves are radio waves.
In the case of microwave ovens, the commonly used radio waved is roughly 2500
megahertz. Radio waves in this frequency range have an interesting property: they are
absorbed by water, fats and sugars. When they are absorbed, they are converted
directly into atomic motion and motion is converted into heat.
We often hear that microwaves ovens cook food “from the inside out”. It means
that if you bake a cake in a conventional oven, normally you would bake a cake at 350
degrees F, but let’s say you accidentally set the oven at 600 degrees instead of 350.
What is doing to happen is that the outside of the cake will burn before the inside even
gets warm. In a conventional oven, the heat has to migrate (by conduction) from the
outside of the food toward the middle. So the outside can be crispy and brown while the
inside is moist.
 Advantages Disadvantages

 Cooking time is short  Constraint with metal container

 Destruction of nutrients is less
 No physical changes occur
 Melting process is easy
 Sterilization effect exists
 There is no flame, then treatment
is easy
 Heat force control is difficult
 Water evaporation
 Closed container is dangerous
because it could be burst
 Surface toasting is impossible

In microwave cooking, the radio waves penetrate the food and excite water and
fats molecules pretty much evenly throughout the food.

V. LIFELONG LEARNING

Bear in mind that safety first in handling all the laboratory equipment.

VI. REFERENCE

Historymicrowave.com,science.com/57405-who-invented-microwave-
oven.html,askphysics.com/principle-of-working-of-microwave-oven/