Agora - II Coins From The Roman Through The Venetian Period

THE ATHENIAN
AGORA
RESULTS OF EXCAVATIONS
CONDUCTED BY
THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
© American School of Classical Studies at Athens
VOLUME II
For personal use only. License: CC-BY-NC-ND.
COINS
FROM THE ROMAN THROUGH THE VENETIAN PERIOD
BY
MARGARET THOMPSON
fbj AP A J
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THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS
PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

I954
American School of Classical Studies at Athens

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GLOCKSTADT
PREFACE
Between the years 1931 and 1949 the Americanexcavations in the Athenian Agora produced
55,492 coins of Roman and later periods. The catalogued entriesin this publication, ranging
in date from the last century of the Roman Republic to the declining years of the Republic of
Venice, total 37,090 specimens; the remaining Islamic and Modern Greek pieces have been
listed summarily in order that the tally may be complete. This is an overwhelming amount of
coinage, which in sheer quantity represents a collection comparableto many in the numismatic
museums of the world. Unfortunately very few of the Agora coins are museum pieces, but
lamentable as is their general condition to the eye of the coin collector or the cataloguer, they
do provide for the historian an invaluable record of the money circulating in one of the chief
cities of antiquity from the time of Sulla to our own present.
The Agora Excavations are still in progress. Coins have been unearthed since 1949 and more
will certainly result from successive years of digging until the project is at last finished. How-
ever, the area as a whole has been excavated in depth; what remains to be done is more in
the nature of a cleaning-up operation, from which coins emerge in fairly small numbers. There
is no reason to suppose that whatever is found in the future will affect the present picture to
any appreciable extent.
For the classification of the Agora coins an admirable recording system was developed by
Mrs. T. Leslie Shear, who has been in charge of the Coin Department from the beginning of the
excavation program.Each identifiable coin was given a separate envelope on which were typed
details of size, metal, provenance, date of finding, description and reference. These envelopes
were filed chronologically by excavation sections. In every case, the same information was
transcribed on individual catalogue cards, which were arrangedby emperors and types. While
the coins remain in Athens and will eventually form an integral part of the contemplated Agora
Museum,the cards were brought to this country for study purposes and are now located at the
Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton. It is from these cards that the present publication
has been compiled.
There is no need to point out the drawbacksinvolved in working from a card catalogue with
the documents themselves five thousand miles distant. Ideally each coin should have been
checked prior to publication. An undertaking of this sort would require someone thoroughly
experienced in excavation material and able to devote several years to a slow and painstaking
reexamination. Perhaps such a person could have been found in the course of time. I confess
that my spirit quails at the very thought of going back over 3775 coins of Manuel and 1855 of
Constantius II, and it seems to me doubtful that the resulting increase in accuracy would be
commensuratewith the labor involved. Without any question there are mistakes in the present
tabulation-mistakes of identification and mistakes of transcription. Many individuals worked
vi THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS
at one time or another on the classification and on the records. We would all, I think, agree
that in the course of our exposure to the swollen, chipped and defaced scraps of metal which
excavations invariably produce, we at times saw things we ought not to have seen and left
unseen those things which we ought to have seen. Yet in all sincerity I do not believe that such
errors are numerous, and I am confident that those which do exist have no real significance
against a background of 37,000 coins.
The inaccessibility of the material has in some cases presented particular problems for a
detailed tabulation. Where criteria of style determine the attribution of issues identical in
type, I have, without the coins before me, been unable even to attempt a distinction between
the differentmints. Such pieces have been listed under the city supplying the greater proportion
of the Agora coinage for the period, and reference has been made in the commentary to the
possibility of an alternative mint. The amount of illustrative materialis admittedly slight. Most
of the coins are well-known types which need none, but I should have liked to reproduce all
variant and unusual specimens. Unfortunately, as will be obvious from even a cursory glance
at the plates, the condition of the average excavation piece is so bad that illustration is almost
useless. Even if it were otherwise, I could not feel justified in imposing so great a burden of
sorting, selecting and cast-making on someone else.
To offset in some measure the handicaps, I have been most fortunate in having the help of
Mrs. William P. Wallace, who spent the first four months of 1952 in Athens and who generously
offered to examine coins whose identification seemed open to question. Mrs. Wallace checked
nearly 300 pieces and her effortshave rectified some uncertain readings and verified others. The
notation "confirmed"in many sections of the commentary derives from her labors.
All of these difficulties were given careful consideration before it was decided to undertake
this tabulation. In the end it was felt by the majority of those directly concerned that the
advantages of prompt publication, even allowing for inevitable shortcomings, overbalanced the
disadvantages. With a few notable exceptions, coins tend to be the stepchildren of excavations.
Their publication, if attempted at all, is often delayed beyond the period of greatest utility.
For those now working on other Agora material and for anyone concerned with the history of
Athens, the coins provide vital evidence for the political and economic vicissitudes of the city,
evidence which cannot safely be disregarded. Bringing this fundamental material out in usable
form at the earliest possible moment has, therefore, seemed highly desirable.
The record in its entirety is here, but it cannot be overemphasizedthat it is intended pri-
marily as a recordand not as a definitive study of the Roman and Byzantine coinage from the
Agora. It is to be hoped that whatever sections seem worthy of further research and inter-
pretation will be expanded into special publications as opportunity arises. Attention should
also be given to the hoard material. Surprisinglyfew closed deposits of Roman and later periods
were found, and in general their chief importance was in dating the contexts in which they
were buried rather than in their intrinsic composition. Nevertheless they should be analyzed
and worked over in connection with the excavation records. In this catalogue such coins have
been included only as individual pieces without reference to their hoard associations.
For the most part the format of the tabulation is borroweddirectly from Alfred R. Bellinger's
excellent and thoroughly usable publication of the coins from Dura-Europos. Every effort has
PREFACE vii
been made to provide sufficient information to make the record useful without compelling the
reader to refer constantly to the standard catalogues and at the same time to compress the
data into reasonably economical limits. These considerations have influenced the seemingly
inconsistent pattern which the arrangement of the descriptive material presents for different
periods. All issues of any given emperor are grouped together in a silver, antoniniani, bronze
sequence with each category listed chronologically. The catalogue numbers of silver coins are in
italic type and the same convention has been used for plated and billon specimens. An asterisk
following a number indicates that there is some discussion of that entry in the commentary.
Unless otherwise specified, the dates and mint identifications are those of the cited reference
works. In some cases, notably with the British Museumpublications of the Roman period, the
dates suggested in the introductions are at times more specificthan those given in the catalogues
proper. Where such restricted datings seem well-established, they have been adopted in prefer-
ence to broader chronological divisions. Mention has been made in the commentary of some
articles supplementing or supersedingthe general referencebooks, but undoubtedly many valu-
able studies have been overlooked, which would need to be consideredin any final study of the
currency.
For the later Roman period, where uncertainty exists as to the nomenclature of the various
denominations, I have followed Pearce's formula of AE1, AE2, AE3 and AE4. This equates
roughly with Cohen and Sabatier in this manner:
AE1 - Cohen GB
AE2 - Cohen MB -= Sabatier AE1
AE3 -= Cohen PB -= Sabatier AE2
AE4 = Cohen PB Q = Sabatier AE3
Such differentiationin size is, of course, only relative within any given period and not absolute
in any sense.
Mint marks have been omitted from this listing although they are recorded on the catalogue
cards. The Agora coins provide additions to the officinae striking certain types, as cited by
Maurice for the Constantinian era and by Wroth for the early Byzantine, but such additions
are of minor significance and it was felt that little useful purpose would be served by a long
and detailed record of the various officinae and their proportionate representation. Where,
however, there is a new or unusual form of the mint mark, it has been noted in the commentary.
There remains the pleasant duty of sharing whatever merit this publication may possess.
The primary credit belongs without question to Mrs. Shear and her co-workersin the Agora
whose composite labors created the overall record. Of the many Americans and Greeks who
spent months and years on the cleaning, identifying and cataloguing of these coins, I know
only a few and it would be unfair to single them out by name, but I cannot forbear a word of
appreciation to MissAziza Kokoni who worked with me in 1948 on the residue of coins from
earlier excavation seasons. Without her competent aid it would have been impossible to com-
plete the classification of this backlog for inclusion in the tabulation. To my associates at the
Agora I should like to express my warm thanks, particularly to Miss Lucy Talcott for her
kindness in providing materials and to Professor Homer A. Thompson for the opportunity of
publishing this report and for helpful advice in connection with its contents. My debt to Pro-
viii THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
fessor and Mrs. William P. Wallace for casts and the checking of dubious coins is a very real
one, for which a brief acknowledgmentsuch as this is entirely inadequate. Mrs. Aline L. A. Boyce,
my colleague at the American Numismatic Society, has given me many valuable suggestions
and has responded with great patience to my many demandson her time. Above all, I am deeply
grateful to Professor Alfred R. Bellinger, whose keen interest helped to initiate this project and
whose encouragement and generous assistance have done much to bring it to fruition.
AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY MARGARET THOMPSON

NEW YORK
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE .................................................. V
ROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINAGE RATIOS ..................... X
INTRODUCTION
............. ................................ 1
ABBREVIATIONS IN THE CATALOGUE ........................... 8
CATALOGUE
ROMAN REPUBLICAN COINAGE

..............................
9
ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE .............................. 10
COINAGE..................................
"VANDALIC" 64
BYZANTINE IMPERIAL COINAGE ........................... 667
FRANKISH COINAGE ..................................... 76
MINOR COINAGES OF GREECE AND THE ISLANDS ............ 78
FRENCH COINAGE ....................................... 78
ITALIAN COINAGE ...................................... 79

VENETIAN COINAGE .................................... 80
NUMERICAL SUMMARY ...................................... 88
COMMENTARY .............................................. 87
INDEX
RULERS ............................................... 119
MINTS................................................ 121
ROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINAGE RATIOS
The listing below,relatingthe amountof Agoracoinageof any given emperorwith the length of his reign, shows the
fluctuationsof the currencymoreclearlythan a straighttabulationof coin totals. For the Byzantineera, the anonymous
issueshavebeen assignedto definite emperorsin line with the commentarydiscussion. The Romancoinage,becauseof
the complicationsof posthumousissues,joint reignsand anonymousstrikingsof indefinitedate, has at timesbeen grouped
by periodsratherthan individualreigns.
ROMAN BYZANTINE
APPROXIMATE APPROXIMATE
EMPEROR PERIOD or EMPEROR PERIOD or CINs
PER YEAR PER YEAR
Augustus ............. 27 B.C.-14 A.D. 1/ Anastasius I .......... 491-518 A.D. 1

Tiberius .............. 14-37 A.D. Justin I .............. 518-527 A.D. 1

1/11
Claudius .............. 41-54 A.D. Justinian I ........... 527-565 A.D. 3
1/13
Nero ................. 54-68 A.D. '/7 Justin II ............ 565-578 A.D. 13
Galba-Otho .......... 68-69 A.D. 2 Tiberius II ........... 578-582 A.D. 5
Vespasian ............ 69-79 A.D. 1 Maurice .............. 582-602 A.D. 1
Titus ............... 79-81 A.D. 1 Phocas .............. 602-610 A.D. 6
Domitian ............ 81-96 A.D. 1 Heraclius ............. 610-641 A.D. 8
Nerva ................ 96-98 A.D. 2 Constans II 641-668 A.D. 30
............
Trajan............... 98-117 A.D. 2 Constantine IV ........ 668-685 A.D. 2
Hadrian .............. 117-138 A.D. 3 Justinian II (1st) ...... 685-695 A.D. 1/1o
AntoninusPius ........ 138-161 A.D. 3 Tiberius III ........... 698-705 A.D. 1/7
M. Aurelius-L. Verus ... 161-180 A.D. 3 Justinian II (2nd) ..... 705-711 A.D. 1
Commodus 180-192 A.D. 1 Philippicus ........... 711-713 A.D. 30
............
Didius Julianus- Anastasius II ......... 713-716 A.D. 2
Caracalla ........... 193-217 A.D. 2 Leo III .............. 717-741 A.D. 1
Elagabalus ............ 218-222 A.D. 1 Constantine V ......... 741-775 A.D.
/17
Severus Alexander ..... 222-235 A.D. 3 Leo IV ............... 775-780 A.D. 1/5
MaximinusI-Pupienus . 235-288 A.D. 8 Constantine VI ........ 780-797 A.D. 1/17
GordianIII ........... 238-244 A.D. 9 Irene ................. 797-802 A.D.
1/5
Philip I .............. 244-249 A.D. 8 Leo V ................ 813-820 A.D. 1/7
Trajan Decius- MichaelII ............ 820-829 A.D. 1/4
Herennius .......... 249-251 A.D. 6 Theophilus ............ 829-842 A.D.
1/
.. 251-253 A.D.
Trebonianus-Aemilian 15 Michael III ........... 842-867 A.D.
1/26
Valerian I-Gallienus ... 253-260 A.D. 13 Basil I ............... 867-886 A.D. 1
Gallienus ............. 260-268 A.D. 49 Leo VI ............. 886-912 A.D. 3
Claudius II-Quintillus . 268-270 A.D. 7 Constantine VII ....... 913-959 A.D. 5
Aurelian ............ 270-275 A.D. 36 Nicephorus II ......... 963-969 A.D. 8
Tacitus-Florian ....... 275-276 A.D. 16 John I-Basil II and
Probus .............. 276-282 A.D. 16 Constantine ......... 969-989 A.D. 5
Carus-Numerian ....... 282-284 A.D. 8 Basil II-
Diocletian-Tetrarchies . 284-307 A.D. 11 ConstantineVIII .... 989-1028 A.D. 13
LiciniusI-Constantine . 307-337 A.D. 25 Romanus III .......... 1028-1034 A.D. 39
Sons Constantine- Jovian 337-364 A.D. 109 Michael IV ..... .... 1034-1041 A.D. 21
Valentinian I-Arcadius . 364-408 A.D. 88 Constantine IX ........ 1042-1055 A.D. 8
Honorius-Theodosius II 408-423 A.D. 4 Isaac I ............... 1057-1059 A.D. 6
Theodosius II- Constantine X ........ 1059-1067 A.D. 13
Valentinian III ..... 423-450 A.D. 9 Romanus IV .......... 1067-1071 A.D. 31
Marcian.............. 450-457 A.D. 15 Michael VII ........... 1071-1078 A.D. 35
Leo I ............... 457-474 A.D. 9 Nicephorus III ........ 1078-1081 A.D. 345
Zeno ................. 474-491 A.D. 1/9 Alexius I ............ 1081-1118 A.D. 34
John II 1118-1148 A.D. 6
..............
Manuel I ............. 1148-1180 A.D. 102
"VANDALIC" ...... c. 410-580 A.D. 40 Andronicus I ......... .1188-1185 A.D. 39
Isaac II 1185-1195 A.D. 16
............,.
Alexius III ........... 1195-1203 A.D. 2
INTRODUCTION
o one working over the great mass of coinage from Roman and Byzantine Athens could
N fail to become interested in its numismatic and historical implications. Any comprehensive
appraisal, even had I the competence to undertake it, has no place within the confines of this
report, but mention might be made of a few noteworthy considerations,whose full significance
can best be appreciated in relation to the outline on the opposite page.'
For the most part the picture presented by the Agora coins is entirely consistent with the
history of Athens as we know it from other sources. The first Roman piece dates from the time
of Sulla; there is nothing from the earlier period of the Republic. Twelve denariihave survived
from the sixty years between Sulla and Augustus-five struck by Antony and seven by various
moneyers. Consideringthe dearth of silver coinage from the Agora, this is a sizable total, espe-
cially when contrasted with the yield of the precedingand succeedingcenturies. Of the hundreds
of thousands of New Style coins which must have been issued over the span of a hundred or
more years, the excavations revealed exactly one tetradrachmand one drachm; only six denarii
have come down from the century separating the'reigns of Augustus and Vespasian. Against
this background, the twelve denarii of late Republican date would seem to indicate a sub-
stantial amount of Roman silver circulating in Athens between 86 and 27 B.C., and the first
appearance of this money about the time of the sack of the city by the Romans is a factor
which must be taken into account by anyone studying the Athenian New Style and the Athe-
nian Imperial sequences. Other evidence, literary and archaeological,points to a relatively rapid
recovery in Athens from the devastation of 86 B.C. During this period students from Rome
came to attend Athenian schools, and the bond between the two cities was greatly strengthened
by the visit of Pompey c. 63/2 B.C. in the course of which the Roman general made generous
gifts to individual Athenian philosophers and donated fifty talents toward the restoration of
the city (Plutarch XLII, 6). Some of this money may have been expended on the erection of
new civic offices in the Agora area, the addition of a porch to the Tholos and other building
enterprises dating from the first century B.C.
1. The archaeological material in the discussion which follows is derived from the Agora excavation reports appearing
in Hesperia (Vols. I-XX) and to an even greater extent from the observations and suggestions of Professor Homer A. Thomp-
son, Director of the Agora Excavations. For the Byzantine period I am deeply indebted to Professor Kenneth M. Setton for
the generosity with which he has shared his knowledge of the literary sources and made available manuscripts now in process
of publication. To him I owe the reference to the inflation policy of Nicephorus III (G. Ostrogorsky, Vierteljahrschriftf.
Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte,XX, pp. 66, 69f.) and the tentative association of the iconoclastic decrees with the scarcity.
of coinage for the eighth and ninth centuries. Much of the historical evidence relating to Byzantine Athens is drawn from
two of Professor Setton's published articles ("The Bulgars in the Balkans and the Occupation of Corinth in the Seventh
Century", Speculum, 1950, pp. 502-543 and "Athens in the Later Twelfth Century", Speculum, 1944, pp. 179-207).
While I am aware that there is a difference of opinion as to the date of the occupation of Corinth and the particular
Northern tribe which left evidence of its presence in the form of buckles found in Corinthian graves (see Corinth,XII, The
Minor Objects,p.5, note 8), it seems to me that the proportions of coinage from the Agora do substantiate Professor Setton's
arguments for a Bulgaric invasion in the mid-seventh century.
1
2 THE ATHENIANAGORA:COINS
For the first century of the Empire, the number of coins is insignificant although the era was
certainly one of material prosperity as is attested by the construction of the Odeion in the
Agora and the completion of the Market of Caesar and Augustus. Apparently the ordinary
requirementsof the city were adequately met by the local bronze issues, whose chronology and
proportions will be fundamental data in any final evaluation of the currency of early Roman
Athens. During the second century after Christ the Athenian Imperial coinage begins to be
supplemented to a noticeable extent by the silver and bronze of Trajan, Hadrian and the An-
tonines, a circumstance which undoubtedly reflects the deep interest of those emperors in
Athens and their many contributions to her welfare and embellishment. This was a period of
splendid civic enterprises: the endowment of great libraries, the erection of the Odeion of
Herodes Atticus and the completion of the Temple of Olympian Zeus. In the Agora region it
left its imprint in structural improvements to the Tholos and the Odeion and in new housing
complexes and baths on the outskirts of the market proper.
From the time of Nerva through that of Severus Alexander the coinage shows a consistent
pattern in the correlation of the coin totals with the length of the individual reigns. Under
Maximinus and his successors there is a marked increase in the Roman money in circulation,
culminating during the sole reign of Gallienus in a vast amount of coinage which is not sur-
passed until the time of Constantius II. One reason for this expansion of the mid-third century
must have been the tapering off and cessation of the Athenian Imperial issues; another factor
may have been the need for strengthening the city against the barbarianthreat from the North.
The high proportion for the sole reign of Gallienus is certainly to be explained by the disaster
of 267 A.D. when the Heruli overwhelmed Athens and left an appalling swath of devastation
throughout the Agora area. In the burned debris of houses destroyed during the holocaust, the
excavators have found Gallienus coins in quantity, unmistakable evidence of the haste with
which the inhabitants fled or were overcome by the invaders.
Extensive as was the damage of 267 A.D., it seems to have had, judging from the coinage,
less lasting and crippling effect on the life of the city than one might suppose. The sole reign
coins of Gallienushave been arrangedchronologicallyonly for the mint of Antioch, but of the
seventy-eight pieces from that city, Alfoldi assigns ten to the final year of Gallienus' rule and
another nine specimens to the 266-268 A.D. period. For Claudius Gothicus' short reign there
is a fair quantity of money, and the proportion for Aurelian is not greatly inferior to that for
Gallienus.
The last quarter of the third century marks a temporary recession in the monetary cycle of
Athens, followed in the course of the next hundred years by the tremendous output of the sons
of Constantine and the only slightly less impressive totals of the Valentinian-Theodosius-
Arcadiusera. Since Athens as a whole enjoyed a substantial measure of prosperity and academic
renown during the fourth century-the Emperor Julian being only one of many notables whose
ties with the city were close and affectionate-one might logically construe the mass of Con-
stantinian and Valentinian coinage as proof of extensive habitation and activity in the Agora
region. Such seems not to have been the case at all. Under Probus, blocks and capitals from
the celebrated civic buildings were used in the construction of the "Valerian" Wall, a new
defense line for the city. Gradually the population withdrew behind this fortification, and for
most of the fourth century the Agora area was apparently used as a dump! Thousands of
bronzes of the Houses of Constantine and Valentinian would seem to have been tossed away
carelessly with the rubbish thrown into the abandoned marketplace.
INTRODUCTION 3
According to the excavation record, it was only about 400 A.D. that there was a real ex-
pansion of habitation outside the narrow confines of the "Valerian"Wall, in some instances in
areas left desolate from the time of the Herulian invasion. Construction operations involving
the Bouleuterion and the Metroon and the erection of a complex of "University Buildings" on
the site of the Odeion also date from the early fifth century. Here the numismatic evidence is
seemingly at variance with the archaeological,for after the death of Arcadius in 408 A.D. the
imperial issues show a sharp decline. The discrepancy is, I think, merely a superficial one. It
is evident that during most of the fifth century and well into the sixth the medium of exchange
in Athens consisted of the miserable "Vandalic" chips which are omnipresent in the exca-
vations. In the light of the number found in the Agora (4796pieces) it is impossibleto maintain
any longer that all of these coins were struck by the Vandals or any other barbaricpeople. Most
of them must, as is indicated more fully in the commentary, be brought into some kind of
association with the standard imperial issues, and are probably to be regarded as the work of
outlying mints cut off from the direct supervision of the capital during the recurrentbarbarian
crises. In any case, whatever the origin of this coinage, the fact remains that it must be in-
cluded in the fifth century totals if one is to establish a reasonably accurate picture of the
amount of money circulating in Athens during that period. There are then roughly 5400 coins,
imperial and "Vandalic," representingabout 120 years from Honorius to Justinian, or a yearly
average of some 45 pieces. While this representsa falling-offfrom the proportionsof the fourth
century, the decline is not so pronouncedas to conflict seriouslywith the topographicalevidence.
For the Byzantine era the coins are of special significance because Athenian history during
those centuries is often not clearly defined, but the numismatic material should now be evalu-
ated with added caution in view of the fact that restriking becomes a common practice at
various periods. One cannot be certain how much money of any given emperorwas originally
current, since we have no way of knowing what proportionfrom different parts of the empire
was called in and reissued by a successor. Furthermore,for the early sixth century the "Van-
dalic" coinage must still be taken into consideration. The long reigns of Anastasius and Jus-
tinian I are represented by relatively few of the new imperial denominations. It is reasonable
to assume that the "Vandalic" pieces, many of which belong to the Anastasius-Justinian
period, continued to be used extensively and because of their comparatively slight value were
less carefully handled than the large new pieces from the imperial mints. One also wonders if
the constant pressurefrom the barbariantribes, whose infiltrations apparently extended as far
south as Attica during the reign of Justinian, may not have impoverished Athens to such a
degree that there was little need for the more valuable currency, only small change being
required for the average commercial transaction.
With Justin II there is a decided increase in the number of large flan bronzes found in the
Agora, but this seemingly reflects a deteriorationrather than an improvement of conditions in
the city. The archaeologicalevidence reveals widespread destruction in the Agora area toward
the end of the sixth century, resulting in another withdrawal of the inhabitants behind the
"Valerian" Wall; the literary tradition indicates that in 578 A.D. or shortly thereafter a
mighty horde of Slavs forced the pass at Thermopylae and descended into Attica. In all prob-
ability this Slavic invasion was the occasion for the evacuation of the Agora region, and the
Justin coins found there, some in the burned fill of buildings, are to be related to the hasty and
enforced departure of its residents.
The twenty-seven year reign of Constans II left 817 coins in the Agora, a proportionalmost
1*
as striking as that encounteredfour centuries earlier under Gallienus. Several possible explana-
tions are suggested by the historical record. There is good reason to believe that in the late
640's a Bulgaric army invaded Greece, attacking and capturing Corinth. The logical route of
the barbarianswould have been from Thessalonica to Athens and then across the Isthmus to
Corinth. More tangible proof that Athens and the Agora came into direct contact with the
Bulgars is provided by the remains of fire destruction dating from the seventh century and the
discovery of Bulgaric buckles similar to those uncoveredin Corinthiangraves. About 657/8 A.D.
Constans organized a relief expedition for Thessalonica, and an auxiliary force may well have
been dispatched to the aid of Athens and Corinth.Finally the emperorhimself spent some time
in Athens in 662 A.D. prior to his departure for Sicily. The large number of Constans coins
from the Agora may plausibly be associated not only with the original Bulgaric invasion but
also with the later appearance of Constans and his Byzantine soldiery in the city.
After the death of Constans II there is a long period of very scant coinage, broken only once
by the phenomenon of sixty-one coins from the two year reign of Philippicus. Some unusual
circumstance of which we have no knowledge must have been responsible for this dispropor-
tionate amount of money. The situation is all the stranger in that, prior to the Agora Excava-
tions, the bronze I denomination of Philippicus was practically unknown and to the best of
my belief specimens have not been found in other excavations. Among the Agora coins there
are three varieties of the general I type and almost without exception they are restruck,
usually over issues of Justinian II. Because of the Athenian provenance of so many of these
coins and their scarcity elsewhere, one is tempted to suggest a local origin. Perhaps some break-
down in communications between capital and province or an attempt on Philippicus' part to
decentralize minting operations would account for Athens being permitted or instructed to
restrike money of Justinian in current circulation with the types of Philippicus.
The remainder of the eighth and most of the ninth century are almost devoid of coinage;
only thirteen specimens have survived from the 125 years between Constantine V and Basil I.
Significantlyenough there is little in the way of Agorahabitation, in the form of either structural
remains or pottery, which can be dated to the same period, and one concludes that Athens had
shrunk in area and population to little more than a village. It is a curious coincidence that the
absence of coinage in Athens occurs at just about the time that the iconoclastic decrees, so
bitterly resented by the Greek iconodules, were being promulgated. It would almost seem as
though the province were deliberately cutting itself off from the capital, but one is still hard-
pressed to explain how even a moderate sized community could exist for so long without
monetary replenishments.
These "Dark Ages" were not confined to Athens. At Corinth one finds the same lack of
coinage for the entire eighth century, but recovery there begins with the reign of Theophilus
(829-842 A.D.) whereas in Athens it is only toward the middle of the tenth century that the
coins reappear in quantity. The revival of prosperity at Athens may have been delayed by
incursions of the Moslem pirates who harassed the Greek mainland and islands and possibly
occupied Athens for a brief interval during the first half of the tenth century.
After the Aegean had been cleared of piracy through the efforts of Nicephorus II and John
Zimisces, Athens experienced a growth in size and population. The eleventh and twelfth cen-
turies have left remains of extensive house foundations and pottery deposits in the Agora, and
the abundance of the coinage gives further proof of a flourishing Byzantine community. It is
during this period that the Agora coins make what is perhaps their most important contri-
INTRODUCTION 5
bution of a purely numismaticnature. With the 2200 anonymousissues foundin the excavations,
it has been possible to develop a chronologicalarrangementof the whole series which rests on
a firm basis of overstrike evidence. From the time of John Zimisces to that of Nicephorus III
there are 1512 anonymous pieces and 41 signed coins, a contrast which would seem to imply
that in the Greek provinces and probably throughout the empire as a whole, the anonymous
issues provided the basic currency, the named types representinglittle more than token emis-
sions. Under Nicephorus the situation is reversed in favor of the signed money which now
appears in profusion. In the Agora, 677 named and 359 anonymous coins date from Nicephorus'
three year reign between 1078 and 1081 A.D. This proportion is unique for the entire Roman
and Byzantine period and quite inexplicable in terms of our present knowledge of Byzantine
Athens. Nicephorus, like his successor Alexius, was forced by economic crises to adopt a policy
of planned inflation involving a debasement of the currency, but this in itself would not seem
an adequate explanation of the overwhelming increase in money for this one short period.
The figures for Alexius and Manuel are even higher than those for Nicephorus but less star-
tling because of the longer reigns. Their totals and those of Andronicus and Isaac II point to
an era of sustained prosperity throughout the twelfth century, ending with the occupation
of the city by the Franks in 1204 A.D. For the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries the issues
of William of Villehardouinand the de la Roche family and later the Venetian money of Andrea
Contariniand Antonio Venier supply the city with a fair amount of currency. From 1400 A.D.
there is practically nothing until the Ottoman occupation.
Even this cursory attempt to correlate the Agora coinage with the archaeological and his-
torical evidence illustrates the various factors which determine the survival rate of ancient
money. It is evident that peak coinages are at times a measure of the size and prosperity of the
community. When there is extensive habitation of a site over a considerablenumber of years,
as happened in eleventh and twelfth century Athens, a substantial amount of currency is
required and in the course of daily living a sizable proportion finds its way into the streets,
drains and wells of the city. It is equally clear that a sharp increase in coin totals may be the
sign of a sudden catastrophe, such as the Herulian invasion, when money and other possessions
are abandoned in a desperate effort to escape destruction. Apart from such external conditions,
the coinage statistics from any excavation naturally bear a close relationship to the intrinsic
value of the individual coins. One of the startling facts emerging from the tabulation of the
Agora material is the trifling representation of gold and silver. The 37,090 catalogued entries
include exactly one gold piece of Venice and 135 silver coins, among them plated specimens but
no billon. Over the course of fifteen centuries there certainly must have been a fair quantity
of gold and silver circulating in Athens, but when such coins were misplaced, the loss was a
serious one and the search not lightly abandoned. On the other hand the copious bronze issues
of the fourth and fifth centuries were, as contrasted with the silver or even the antoniniani,
of comparatively slight value. Their purchasing power must have been low and an individual
piece, once dropped or mislaid, would probably have seemed scarcely worth the trouble of
retrieval.
One of the major contributions of the Agora coinage is its detailed record of the mints from
which Athens derived her money at differentperiods. From Augustus through Gallienus,Rome
is naturally enough the chief, and at times the only, source of supply, although under Valerian
and Gallienusthe Asia mints are increasingly important. With Aurelian and Severina the shift
is definitely eastward- Siscia furnishing at least 55 pieces and Cyzicus 38 of 174 coins. Of
Probus' 101 specimens, 24 are from Siscia with 27 from Cyzicus; the latter mint provides over
one half of the combined totals for Diocletian and Maximianus.
From the time of Licinius I through Theodosius II, including all emperors represented by
any appreciable amount of coinage, the major identifiable sources are as follows:
Rome Aquileia Siscia Thess. Heraclea Const. Nicomedia Cyzicus Antioch Alexandria
Licinius I................ 1 2 6 4 19 6 1 1
Licinius II .............. 1 2 3 3 2
ConstantineI ............ 18 4 13 44 21 84 63 60 38 6
Urbs Roma .............. 1 2 15 4 21 6 18 2
Constantinople........... 10 10 14 14 10 2 1
Crispus ................. 1 1 5 4 3 2 2
ConstantineII ............. 2 1 9 22 19 25 18 27 8 3
ConstantiusII .......... 16 10 18 169 73 247 131 220 87 19
ConstansI .............. 4 2 6 60 15 64 48 74 8 5
ConstantiusGallus ....... 1 4 6 8 19 12 16 1
Julian II ................ 3 1 3 41 4 39 15 23 11 4
House Constantine ....... 8 2 8 40 16 92 49 57 17 4
ValentinianI ............ 4 3 8 53 2 381 7 18 12 4
Valens .................. 7 16 146 5 69 19 45 13 2
Gratian ................ 10 8 8 47 7 12 11 14 2 1
ValentinianII ........... 19 5 8 161 10 73 28 37 15 7
TheodosiusI ............ 21 15 11 301 21 126 46 156 18 12
Arcadius ................ 10 2 3 173 21 169 46 119 35 17
Honorius ............... 11 1 5 11 41 19 44 11 8
TheodosiusII ............ 15 1 69 17 29 7
ValentinianI-III ........ 2 2 46 2 49 12 25 18
The aggregate for all mints for the same reigns:

Thessalonica ... 1864 Alexandria ... 95
Constantinople . 1244 Aquileia........57
Cyzicus ....... 1003 Sirmium ...... 20
Nicomedia ..... 585 Arles .......... 17
Antioch ....... 307 Treves ........ 7
Heraclea ...... 259 Lyons ......... 6
Rome ......... 139 Ticinum ....... 5
Siscia ......... 125 London ....... 1
The proportionsfrom Thessalonica,Constantinopleand Cyzicus give the mint nearest Athens

only a small margin over the other two. Actually for the Constantinianperiod as a whole the
major source of supply is Constantinople,with Cyzicus next and Thessalonicathird. It is only
from the time of Julian II through the reign of Arcadius that Thessalonica gains and holds
preeminence. The only surprising aspect of the general outline is the relative order of Nico-
media, Antioch and Heraclea. One would expect to find Heraclea outranking the two more
distant mints. Its small representation may indicate minor importance as a workshop or a
channeling of its output to the north rather than the south.
During the early Byzantine period the mint marks inscribed on the bronze denominations
show this relationship:
INTRODUCTION 7
ConstantinopleThessalonica Nicomedia Cyzicus Antioch
Anastasiis ...... 20 8
JustinI ......... 11 1
JustinianI ...... 48 8 10 3 15
JustinII ........ 29 108 13 7 6
TiberiusII ...... 6 9 2 3
Maurice......... 14 9 1 1
Phocas .......... 19 13 8 5 1
Heraclius........ 157 41 18 3
The complete tally of all mints:

Constantinople.. 304 Carthage ....... 7

Thessalonica .... 188 Ravenna ....... 4

Nicomedia ...... 53 Rome .......... 2
Antioch ....... 34 Alexandria ..... 2
Cyzicus ........ 18 Sicily .......... 1
With the exception of a few Sicilian emissions, the coinage from the reign of Constans II to
the end of the Byzantine empire is attributed in its entirety to the mint of Constantinople. This
is in such sharp contrast to the number of cities striking under the Roman and early Byzantine
rulers as to seem quite incredible. Philip Griersonin the course of an article on the solidi of
Maurice, Phocas and Heraclius (Num. Chron., 1950, pp. 49-70) argues that the term "Con-
stantinople," indicating the source of the gold coinage of the sixth and seventh centuries, must
be understood as meaning Constantinople and other eastern mints, that many of the "Con-
stantinople" issues really belong to Cyzicus, Nicomedia and other workshops. The same situ-
ation, it seems to me, is true for the bronze of a somewhat later period. Attempts have been
made to allocate some of the bronze coinage of Constans II to a Cyprusmint and, although as
indicated in the commentary, the extent of the assignment may be untenable, the suggestion
of other sources for Constans' abundant coinage is definitely a step forward. But the need for
rearrangementis not limited to the money of Constans. Surely the copious issues of the eleventh
and twelfth centuries would have been quite beyond the capacity of any one mint apart from
considerations of economy and efficiency in distributing the currency to various parts of the
empire. As regards Athens, one would logically expect that a substantial proportion of her
coinage continued to come from Thessalonica, a city controlled by the capital at almost all
periods and still important enough in the thirteenth century to serve as the seat of an empire
established by the princes of the Byzantine royal house after the fall of Constantinople.
Any final definition of the later Byzantine mints must rely heavily on the first-handevidence
of excavation coins from diverse sections of the eastern empire. As more of this material is
made available, one hopes that the pattern will reveal itself.
ABBREVIATIONS IN THE CATALOGUE
Berytus. ArchaeologicalStudies (American University of Beirut, 1934-)

Berytus
B1.-Dieud. A. Blanchet et A. Dieudonn6, Manuel de numismatiquefranoaise (1912-1936)
BMC H. Mattingly, Coins of the Roman Empire in the British Museum (1923-)
W. Wroth, Catalogueof the Coins of the Vandals, Ostrogothsand Lombardsand of the Empires of Thessalonica,
Nicaea and Trebizondin the British Museum (1911)
W. Wroth, Catalogueof the Imperial Byzantine Coins in the British Museum (1908)
C. H. Cohen, Description historiquedes monnaies frappgessous l'Empire romain, 2nd Edition (1880-1892)
CNI CorpusNummorum Italicorum (1910-)
Edwards K. M. Edwards, Corinth,Volume VI, Coins 1896 -1929 (American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1933)
Gerin O. Voetter, Die Minzen der rimischen Kaiser, Kaiserinnen und Caesarenvon Diocletianus bis Romulus. Katalog
der hinterlassenenSammlung und Aufzeichnungendes Herrn Paul Gerin (1921)
Hesperia Hesperia. Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens (1932-)
M. J. Maurice, Numismatique constantinienne(1908-1912)
NC Numismatic Chronicle(1838-)
NNM Numismatic Notes and Monographs (American Numismatic Society, 1920-)
NZ NumismatischeZeitschrift (1869-)
Pap. N. Papadopoli, Le Monete di Venezia (1893-1919)

Pearce J. W. E. Pearce, The Roman Coinagefrom A. D. 364 to 423 (1933)
Poeyd'AvantF. Poey d'Avant, Monnaies feodales de France (1858-1862)

RIC H. Mattingly, E. A. Sydenham, C. H. V. Sutherland and R. A. G. Carson, The Roman Imperial Coinage (1923-)
Sab. J. Sabatier, Description g6neraledes monnaies byzantines (1862)
Schlumb. G. Schlumberger, Numismatique de l'Orient latin (1878)
Spinelli D. Spinelli, Monete cufiche (1844)
Syd. Edward A. Sydenham, The Coinageof the Roman Republic (1952)

Tolstoi J. Tolstoi, Monnaies byzantines (1912-1914)
Italic type has been used for the catalogue numbers of silver and billon coins. An asterisk after a number indicates
discussion of the issue in the commentary.
CATALOGUE
ROMANREPUBLICAN COINAGE
(15)
Q. TITIUS 88 B.C.
1* As Rome or Italy Head of Janus/Prow r. Syd., p. 107, 694a 1
C. NORBANUS c. 80 B.C.
2 Den. Rome Head of Venus r. with number XXXVI/ Syd., p. 118, 739 1
Fasces between corn-ear and caduceus
TI. CLAUDIUS 78-77 B.C.

3 Den. Italy Bust of Diana r./Victory in biga r. Syd., p. 126, 770a
with number CXXIII
CN. CORNELIUS LENTULUS MARCELLINUS c. 76-74 B:C.

4 Den. Spain Bust of Genius of Roman People r./Globe Syd., p. 122, 752a 1
(Pl.)
M. AEMILIUS SCAURUS 58 B.C.

5 Den. Rome King Aretas kneeling r. beside camel/ Syd., p. 152, 914 1
Jupiter in quadriga 1.
CN. PLANCI US c. 54 B.C.

6 Den. Rome Head of Diana r./Cretangoat r. Syd., p. 156, 933
D. JUNIUS BRUTUS ALBINUS 49-48 B.C.

7 Den. Rome Head of Pietas r./Clasped hands Syd., p. 158, 942
P. SEPULLIUS MACER c. 44 B.C.

8 Den. Rome Veiled head of Caesar r./Venus 1. Syd., p. 178, 1074 1
M. AN TONIUS c. 37-31 B.C.

9* Den. Ephesus Galley/Three standards LEGV Syd., p. 196, 1221 1
(PI.)
10 Den. Ephesus Same/Same with LEGXI Syd., p. 196, 1229 2
(1 P1.)
11 Den. Ephesus Same/Same with LEGXII ANTIQVAE Syd., p. 196, 1231 1
12 Den. Ephesus Same/Same with LEGXV Syd., p. 196, 1235 1
13" As Uncertain Heads of Antony and Octavia r./Galley Syd., p. 199, 1268 2
10 THE ATHENIAN AGORA: COINS
ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE

(18,674; 9 imit.)
AUGUSTUS 27 B.C.-14 A.D. (5)

Rome
14 Den. 17 B.C. M SANQVINIVSIIIVIR Head of Julius BMC, I, p. 13, 71-73 1
Caesar r.
15 As 11-12 A.D. PONTIFMAXIMTRIBVNPOTXXXIIllII BMC, I, p. 50, 275f. 2
around SC
Lyons
16 Den. 2 B.C.-11 A.D. C L CAESARES F COSDESIG
AVGVSTI BMC, I, p. 89, 519-525 1
PRINCIWENT Gaiusand LuciusCaesar
facing
The East
17* As After 27 B.C. AVGVSTVS in wreath BMC, I, p. 117, 731-733 1
TIBERIUS 14-37 A.D. (2)

Lyons
18 Den. c. 26-37 A.D. PONTIF MAXIM Livia seated r. BMC, I, pp. 126f., 48-60 2
CLAUDIUS 41-54 A.D. (1)

Rome
19 Quad. 42 A.D. PON MTR P IMPPPCOS II aroundSC BMC, I, p. 190, 181 1
NERO 54-68 A.D. (2)

Rome
20 Quad. 64-66 A.D. PM TR P IMPPP SC Laurel branch BMC, I, p. 257, 288f. 1
Uncertain
20a AE Uncertaintype 1
GALBA 68-69 A.D. (1)

Rome
21 Den. 68-69 A.D. IMP Emperor riding r. BMC, I, p. 312, 23 1
OTHO 69 A.D. (1)

Rome
22 Den. 69 A.D. SECVRITASP R Securitas 1. BMC, I, p. 367, 19 1
VESPASIAN 69-79 A.D. (11)

Rome
23 Den. 72-73 A.D. AVGVRTRI POT Sacrificial implements BMC, II, p. 11, 64 1
24 Den. 73 A.D. PONTIF MAXIM Emperor seated r. BMC, II, p. 19, 98 1
25 Den. 75-79 A.D. IOVISCVSTOS Jupiter facing BMC, II, p. 49, 276-278 1
26 Den. 80-81 A.D. EX SC Victory1. BMC, II, p. 243, 112-116 1
27 As 71 A.D. VICTORIAAVGVSTI SC Victoryadvancing1.BMC, II, p. 133,t 1
28 As 74 A.D. AEQVITASAVGVSTSC Aequitas 1. BMC, II, p. 161, 702 1
Tarraco
29* As 71 A.D. CONCORDIA AVG SC Concordiaseated 1. BMC, II, p. 191,t 1
Uncertain
29a 1 AR; 3 AE Uncertain type 4
CATALOGUE 11
TITUS 79-81 A.D. (2)
Rome
30 Den. 77-78 A.D. COS VI Mars 1. BMC, II, p. 40, 221 1
Uncertain
30a AE Uncertain type 1
DOMITIAN 81-96 A.D. (18)

Rome
31 Den. 73 A.D. No legend. Prince riding 1. BMC, II, p. 24, 129-131 1
32 Den. 80 A.D. PRINCEPSIWENTVTIS Altar BMC, II, p. 239, 92-96 1
33 Den. 81 A.D. TR P COS VIIDES VIIIPP Curule chair BMC, II, p. 302, 18f. 1
34 Den. ,, Same. Dolphin around anchor BMC, II, p. 302, 20 1
35 Den. 81-84 A.D. SALVSAVGVST Salus seated 1. BMC, II, p. 309, 54 1

36* Den. 88-89 A.D. COS XIIll Minerva fighting r. cf. BMC, II, p. 328, 141 1
(PLATE 1)
37 Den. 90 A.D. IMPXXI COS XV CENS PPP Same but on BMC, II, p. 333, 166 1
prow
38 Den. 90-91 A.D. Same BMC, II, p. 335, 179f. 1
39 Den. 92 A.D. IMPXXI COS XVI CENS PPP Minerva 1. BMC, II, p. 337, 192f. 1
40 As 80-81 A.D. SECVRITASAVGVSTISC Securitas seated 1. BMC, II, p. 275, * 1
41 Quad. 81-96 A.D. SC Basket of corn-ears BMC, II, p. 410, 493 1
Uncertain
NERVA 96-98 A.D. (3)

Rome
42 Den. 97 A.D. FORTVNAAVGVST Fortuna 1. BMC, III, p. 6, 37-39 1
43 Ses. 96 A.D. ROMA RENASCENSSC Roma seated 1. BMC, III, p. 15,* 1
44 Ses. 97 A.D. FORTVNAAVGVSTSC Fortuna 1. BMC, III, pp. 19f., 107-109 1
TRAJAN 98-117 A.D. (46)

Rome
45 Den. 101-102 A.D. PM TR P COS IIIPP Victory advancing 1. BMC, III, p. 46, 122f. 1
46 Den. 104-107 A.D. SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI Three standards BMC, III, p. 67,* 1
47 Den. 107-111 A.D. COS V PP SPQR OPTIMO PRINC Aequitas 1. BMC, III, pp. 71f., 281-287 2
48 Den. ,, Same. Aequitas seated 1. BMC, III, p. 72, 288-293 1
49 Den. ,, Same. Spes 1. BMC, III, p. 75, 319-321 1

50 Den. ,, Same with VESTAin exergue. Vesta BMC, III, p. 86, 405-409 1
seated 1.
51* Den. 112-117 A.D. PM TR P COS VI PP SPQR Trajan's column cf. BMC, III, p. 112, 565 1
(P1.)
52 Den. 116 A.D. Same. Genius 1. BMC, III, p. 117, 595-598 1
53 Den. 117-118 A.D. No legend. Phoenix r. BMC, III, p. 245, 49 1
54 Ses. 98-99 A.D. COS II PP CONG PR SC Emperor seated 1. BMC, III, p. 147, 712 1
on platform
55 As ,, TR POT COS II PP SC Victory advancing 1. BMC, III, p. 150, 727f. 1
56 Quad. c. 98-102 A.D. SC Boar r. BMC, III, p. 226, 1062-1067 1
57 Ses. 102 A.D. COS IIIIDES V PP SC Pax seated 1.
IMP111iii BMC, III, p. 159, 756 1
58* Ses. 104-111 A.D. SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPISC Ceres 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 163, 771 1
59 Ses. 104-111 A.D. Same. Roma 1. BMC, III, p. 164, 772f. 1
60 Ses. ,, Same. Aequitas 1. BMC, III, p. 165,* 1
61* Ses. ,, Same. Annona 1. BMC, III, pp. 165f., 782-784 2
62 Ses. 115-116 A.D. IMPERATORVIIISC Emperor seated r. BMC, III, p. 217, 1017 1
on platform
63 Ses. ,, SENATVSPOPVLVSQVEROMANVS FORT BMC, III, p. 219, 1026 1
RED SC Fortuna seated 1.
64 As ,, Same without FORT RED. Victory BMC, III, p. 220, 1030-1032 1
advancing r.
65 Dup. 116-117 A.D. Same. Emperor with trophies BMC, III, p. 226, 1062-1067 1
The East
66* As 115-116A.D. PMTR POTXX COSVI PP BMC, III, p. 232, 1092
DAC PARTHICO 1
around SC in wreath
Uncertain
66a 1 AR; 21AE Uncertain type 22
HADRIAN 117-138 A.D. (67)

Rome
67 Den. 119-125 A.D. PM TR P COS III Genius 1. BMC, III, p. 263, 184f. 1
68 Den. ,, Same with PRO AVG in field. Providentia 1. BMC, III, p. 277, 303 1
69* Den. 125-128 A.D. COS III Roma seated 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 287, 372 1
70 Den. 134-138 A.D. FIDESPVBLICA Fides r. BMC, III, pp. 320f., 629-631 1
71 Den. ,, MONETA AVG Moneta 1. BMC, III, p. 326, 680f. 1
72 Den. ,, SALVSAVG Salus 1. BMC, III, p. 331, 726f. 1
73 Ses. 118 A.D. PONT MAX TR POT COS II SC LIBERALITASBMC, III, p. 404, 1136 1
AVG Emperor seated 1. on platform
74 Dup. ,, PONT MAX TR POT COS IIADVENTVS BMC, III, pp. 404f., 1138-1140 1
AVG SC Emperor and Roma
75 Ses. 119 A.D. PONT MAX TR POT COS IIISC BMC, III, p. 408, 1153 1
Felicitas 1.
76 Ses. ,, PONT MAX TR POT COS IIILIBERALITAS BMC, III, p. 408, 1159 1
AVG SC Emperor seated 1. on platform
77 Ses. 119-121 A.D. PIETASAVGVSTISC Pietas r. BMC, III, p. 416, 1198f. 1
78 Dup. ,, Same BMC, III, pp. 420f., 1233f. 1
79 Dup. ,, MONETA AVGVSTISC Moneta 1. BMC, III, p. 420, 1230 1
80 Dup. ,, SALVSPVBLICASC Salus 1. BMC, III, p. 421, 1237f. 1
81 Sea. 122-125 A.D. PM TR P COS IIISC Ceres 1. BMC, III, p. 423, 1248 1
82* Ses. ,, Same. Spes advancing 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 424, 1256 1
83* Ses. ,, Same with VIRTAVG in field. Virtus 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 425, 1263 1
84 Ses. 125-128 A.D. COS IIISC Roma seated 1. BMC, III, pp. 431f., 1294 (1).
1300 (1) 2
85 Dup. ,, Same. Pegasus advancing r. BMC, III, p. 436, 1332f. 1
86 As ,, Same. Roma seated 1. BMC, III, p. 438,* 2
87 Ses. 128-132 A.D. Same. Similar BMC, III, p. 445, 1363 1
88 Ses. 132-134 A.D. FELICITATI AVG SC COS IIIPP Galley r. BMC, III, p. 450, 1386 1
89 Ses. ,, COS IIIPP SC FORT RED Fortuna seated 1. BMC, III, p. 455, 1416 1
90* Dup. ,, CLEMENTIAAVG COS IIIPP SC BMC, III, p. 458, 1438 1
or As Clementia 1.
91 Dup. ,, COS IIIPP SC Emperor on horseback r. BMC, III, p. 460, 1452 1
or As
92 See. 134-136 A.D. ADVENTVIAVG GALLIAESC Emperor BMC, III, p. 491, 1641f. 1
and Gallia
CATALOGUE 13
93* Ses. 134-136 A.D. AEGYPTOSSC Aegyptos reclining 1. of. BMC, III, p. 504, 1693 1
94 Ses. ,, BRITANNIASC Britannia seated facing BMC, III, p. 508, 1723 1
95* Dup. ,, HISPANIASC Hispania reclining 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 511, 1752 1
or As
96 Dup. ,, RESTITVTORI MACEDONIAESC Emperor BMC, III, p. 524, 1826A 1
or As raising Macedonia
97 Ses. 134-138 A.D. PAX AVG SC Pax 1. BMC, III, p. 472, 1528 1
98* Ses. ,, ROMA SC Roma 1. cf. BMC, III, p. 474, 1540 1
99* Ses. ,, SC Nemesis advancing r. cf. BMC, III, p. 475, 1549 1
100* Ses. ,, Same. Emperor r. cf. BMC, III, p. 475, 1552 1
FORTVNAAVG SC Fortuna 1. BMC, III, p. 482, 1595 (1).
101 Dup. ,,
or As 1598 (1) 2
102 Dup. ,, AVG VI SC Liberalitas 1.

LIBERALITAS BMC, III, p. 483,t 1
or As
103 Dup. ,, ROMA SC Roma 1. BMC, III, p. 484, 1610 1
or As
Uncertain
103a 1 AR; 26 AE Uncertain type 27
SABINA (2)
Rome
104 Ses. 128-134 A.D. PIETASAVG SC Pietas with children BMC, III, p. 537, 1875f. 1
105 Dup. ,, Same BMC, III, p. 540, 1898f. 1
or As
ANTONINUS PIUS 138-161 A.D. (46)

Rome
106 Den. 138 A.D. AVG PIVSPM TR P COS DES II Minerva 1. BMC, IV, p. 4, 10f. 1
107 Den. 157-158 A.D. TR POT XXI COS IIII Aequitas 1. BMC, IV, p. 132, 899f. 1
108* Den. 159-160 A.D. TEMPLDIVIAVG RESTCOS IIII Octastyle cf. BMC, IV, p. 147,* 1
temple
109 As 139 A.D. TR POT COS II SC Aequitas 1. BMC, IV, p. 184,* 1
110 As 140 A.D. AVRELIVS
CAESAVGPIIF COS SC BMC, IV, p. 196, 1223 1
Bust of M. Aurelius 1.
111* Ses. 140-144 A.D. PAX AVG SC Pax 1. of. BMC, IV, p. 203, 1265 1
112 Ses. ,, TIBERISSC Tiberis reclining 1. BMC, IV, p. 210, 1313-1315 1
113 Ses. ,, TR POT COS IIISC Wolf and twins BMC, IV, p. 211, 1318-1320 1
114* Dup. ,, GENIO SENATVSSC Genius 1. BMC, IV, p. 214, 1336-1339 2
115 Ses. 145-161 A.D. AVG SC Felicitas 1.
FELICITAS BMC, IV, p. 271, 1677-1680 2
116 Ses. ,, SC Mars advancing r. BMC, IV, p. 275, 1705f. 2
117 Dup. 147-148 A.D. HONORI AVG COS III SC Honos 1. BMC, IV, p. 280, 1738 1
118 Ses. 155-156 A.D. TR POT XIX COS IIIISC Fides 1. BMC, IV, p. 335, 1995-1997 1
119 Ses. 156-157 A.D. TR POT XX COS IIIISC Providentia 1. BMC, IV, p. 840, 2015 1
120 Dup. ,, Same. Jupiter 1. BMC, IV, pp. 340f., 2019-2021 1
121 Sea. 157-159 A.D. VOTA SOL DEC II SC COS IIII Emperor BMC, IV, p. 278, 1723f. 1
sacrificing 1.
122* Dup. ,, VOTA SVSCEPTADEC IIISC COS IIII of. BMC, IV, p. 282, 1746 1
Similar
123 Dup. 158-159 A.D. PIETATIAVG COS IIIISC Pietas with BMC, IV, p. 854, 2072 1
children
124 As ,, FORTVNAOPSEQVENSSC COS IIII BMC, IV, p. 355, 2078f. 1
Fortuna 1.
125 Ses. 161 A.D. CONSECRATIOSC Funeral pyre BMC, IV, pp. 525f., 872-875 1
FAUSTINA 1 (14)
Rome
126 Den. After 147 A.D. AVGVSTA Ceres 1. BMC, IV, p. 58, 399-402 1
127 Den. ,, Same. Vesta seated 1. BMC, IV, pp. 62f., 443-446 1
128* Ses. 141-147 A.D. PIETASAVG SC Pietas 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 233, 1442 1
129 Ses. After 147 A.D. AETERNITASSC Aeternitas seated 1. BMC, IV, pp. 238f., 1482f. 1
130 Ses. ,, Same. Aeternitas 1. BMC, IV, pp. 239f., 1490-1493 1
131* Ses. ,, Same. Juno 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 238, 1480 1

(PLATE 1)
132 Ses. ,, VESTASC Vesta 1. BMC, IV, p. 246, ? 1

133 Ses. ,, IVNO SC Juno 1. BMC, IV, p. 245, 1531-1535 1
134 Dup. ,, Same BMC, IV, p. 255, 1596-1598 1
or As
135 Dup ,, AETERNITASSC Juno 1. BMC, IV, pp. 246f., 1540f. 1
or As
Uncertain
136* Den. IVNONI REGINAE Juno seated 1. (PLATE 1) 1
MARCUS AURELIUS 161-180 A.D. (26)

Rome
137 Den. 161 A.D. CONCORDAVGTR P XV COS III BMC, IV, p. 386, 2 1
Concordiaseated 1.
138 Den. 161-162 A.D. PROV DEOR TR P XVI COS III BMC, IV, p. 410, 196f. 1
Providentia 1.
139 Den. 175-176 A.D. TR P XXX IMPVIIICOS III Genius 1. BMC, IV, p. 483, 678f. 1
140 Dup. 145-160 A.D. COS II SC Roma 1. BMC, IV, p. 290,* 1
or As
141* Dup. 165-166 A.D. TR P XX IMPIIICOS IIISC Roma seated 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 591,t 1
142 Dup. ,, TR P XX IMPIIIICOS IIISC Similar BMC, IV, p. 593, 1295 1
143 Ses. 169-170 A.D. SALVTIAVG COS IIISC Salus 1. BMC, IV, p. 614, 1376f. 2
144 Ses. 170-171 A.D. SALVTIAVGVSTAESC Salus seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 617, ? 1
145 Ses. ,, VOTA SVSCEPDECENN II SC COS III BMC, IV, p. 620, 1402f. 1
Emperor sacrificing 1.
146 Ses. 171-172 A.D. IMPVI COS IIISC Roma seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 622, 1416f. 2
147 As ,, Same. Victory advancing 1. BMC, IV, p. 625, 1431 1
148" Ses. 173-174 A.D. Same. Jupiter seated 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 633, 1470 1
149 Dup. 174-175 A.D. TR P XXIX IMPVIIICOS IIISC Annona 1. BMC, IV, p. 641, 1515 1
150 Ses. 177-178 A.D. IMPVIII COS IIIPP SC Aequitas 1. BMC, IV, p. 674, 1678f. 1
151" Ses. 178-179A.D. FELICITAS
AVGIMPVIIIICOS IIIPPSC cf. BMC, IV, p. 677,t 1
Felicitas 1.
FAUSTINA 11 (28)
Rome
152 Den. 161-176 A.D. FECVNDITAS Fecunditas r. BMC, IV, p. 898, 91-95 1
153 Den. ,, SALVS Salus 1. BMC, IV, p. 404, 141-145 1
154 Dup. 147-150 A.D. PVDICITIASC Pudicitia seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 875, 2159 1
or As
CATALOGUE 15
155 Dup. 147-150 A.D. VENVS SC Venus r. BMC, IV, p. 376, 2164f. 1
or As
156 Ses. 150-152 A.D. Same. Venus 1. BMC, IV, p. 377, 2168 1
157 Dup. ,, Same. Venus r. BMC, IV, p. 377, 2169 1
or As
158 Dup. 152-153 A.D. IVNO SC Juno 1. BMC, IV, p. 380, 2188 1
or As
159 Dup. ,, VENVS SC Venus leaning on column BMC, IV, p. 856, add. to p. 381 1
or As
160 Ses. 161-176 A.D. HILARITASSC Hilaritas 1. BMC, IV, pp. 531f., 911-913 2
161 Ses. ,, IVNO SC Juno 1. BMC, IV, p. 532, 917 1
162 Ses. ,, IVNONI REGINAESC Same BMC, IV, p. 533, 919-923 1

163 Ses. ,, SALVTIAVGVSTAESC Salus seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 535, 945-948 1

164 Dup. ,, CONCORDIA SC Concordiaseated 1. BMC, IV, p. 539, 969f. 1
or As
165 Dup. ,, LAETITIASC Laetitia r. BMC, IV, p. 541, 987 1
or As
166 Dup. ,, TEMPORFELICSC Felicitas 1. BMC, IV, pp. 542f., 996-998 1
or As
167 Ses. After 175 A.D. AETERNITASSC Aeternitas seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 652, 1566 1
168 Ses. ,, SIDERIBVSRECEPTASC Faustina 1. BMC, IV, p. 655, 1589f. 1
169 Dup. ,, SC Crescent and stars BMC, IV, p. 656, 1593f. 1
or As
LUCIUS VERUS 161-169 A.D. (11)

Rome
170 Den. 164-165 A.D. TR P V IMPII COS II Roma advancing 1. BMC, IV, p. 437, 381f. 1
171 Den. 165-166 A.D. PAX AVG TR P VI COS II Pax 1. BMC, IV, p. 443, 420 1
172* Ses. 161 A.D. FELTEMPCOS II SC Felicitas 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 522,* 1
(PLATE 1)
173 Ses. ,, CONCORD
AVGVSTOR
TRP SCCOSII BMC,IV,p. 523,856f. 1
Emperors clasping hands
174* As 163-164 A.D. TR P IIIIIMPII COS II SC cf. BMC, IV, p. 567, 1131 1
Emperor riding r.
175 Ses. 165-166 A.D. TR POT VI IMPIIIICOS II SC BMC, IV, p. 596, 18308f. 1
Victory with shield
176* Ses. 167-168 A.D. TR POT VIIIIMPV COS IIISC cf. BMC, IV, p. 604, 1341 1
Aequitas seated 1.
177 Ses. ,, Same with FORT RED in exergue. Fortuna BMC, IV, p. 604, 1343 1
seated 1.
LUCILLA (5)
Rome
178 Den. 164-169 A.D. CONCORDIA Concordiaseated 1. BMC, IV, p. 430, 83833-335 1
179 Ses. ,, CONCORDIA SC Same BMC, IV, p. 576,* 1
180 Dup. ,, SALVSSC Salus seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 579, 1222f. 1
or As
181 Ses. After 169 A.D. VENVS SC Venus 1. BMC, IV, pp. 571f., 1167-1171 2
COMMODUS 176-192 A.D. (15)

Rome
182 Den. 181-182 A.D. LIBAVG V TR P VII IMPIIIICOS IIIPP BMC, IV, p. 700, 70-72 1
Liberalitas 1.
183 Den. 181-182 A.D. TR P VII IMPV COS IIIPP Roma 1. BMC, IV, p. 704, 93 1
184 Ses. 179 A.D. IMPII COS II PP SC Minerva 1. BMC, IV, p. 678, 1699f. 1
185 Ses. 181-182 A.D. VIRTVTIAVGVSTITR P VII IMPIIIICOS III BMC, IV, p. 777, 480 1
PP SC Emperor riding r.
186 Ses. 183 A.D. TR P VIIIIMPVI COS IIIIPP SC Pax 1. BMC, IV, p. 786, 515 1
187 Ses. 186 A.D. PM TR P XI IMPVIICOS V PP SC Roma 1. BMC, IV, p. 804,* 1
188 Ses. ,, SAEC FELPM TR P XI IMPVII COS V PP SC BMC, IV, p. 806, 584 1
Victory r. with shield
189 Ses. 186-189 A.D. VICTORIAEFELICISC COS V PP BMC, IV, pp. 814f., 611f. 1
Victory flying 1.
190 Sea. 190 A.D. TEMPORFELICPM TR P XV IMPVIIICOS BMC, IV, p. 827, 655f. 1
VI SC Caduceus and crossed cornucopiae

191 As 192 A.D. LIBAVGVIIIPMTR P XVIICOS VIIPPSC 1
BMC, IV, p. 841,t

Liberalitas 1.
192* As ,, PM TR P XVII IMPVIIICOS VII PP SC cf. BMC, IV, p. 841, 11 1
Victory advancing 1.
CRISPINA (3)
Rome
193* Dup. 180-183 A.D. IVNO LVCINASC Juno 1. cf. BMC, IV, pp. 768f., 433f. 1
or As
194 Dup. ,, VENVS SC Venus 1. BMC, IV, p. 769, 439 1
or As
DIDIUS JULIANUS 193 A.D. (1)

Rome
195 Ses. 193 A.D. PM TR P COS SC Fortuna 1. BMC, V, p. 16, 25-27 1
MANLIA SCANTILLA (1)

Rome
196 Ses. 193 A.D. IVNO REGINASC Juno 1. BMC, V, p. 17, 32-36 1
SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS 193-211 A.D. (13)

Rome
197 Den. 206 A.D. PM TR P XIIIICOS IIIPP Annona 1. BMC, V, pp. 252f., 489-492 1
198 Den. 209 A.D. AVG VI Liberalitas 1.
LIBERALITAS BMC, V, p. 220, 351 1
199 Den. ,, RESTITVTORVRBIS Roma seated 1. BMC, V, p. 222, 360 1
200* Den. 210 A.D. PM TR P XVIIICOS Ill PP Salus seated 1. of. BMC, V, pp. 360f., 20-22 1
(Pl.)
201* Ses. 194 A.D. AFRICASC Africa r. of. BMC, V, p. 127, 504 1
202* Sea. 195 A.D. PM TR P IIICOS II PP SC Fortuna 1. of. BMC, V, p. 142, 580 1
203 Sea. 196 A.D. PM TR P IIIICOS II PP SC Jupiter 1. BMC, V, p. 145, 590 1
204 Ses. 210 A.D. VICTORIAEBRIiTTANNICAE SC BMC, V, p. 325, 811 1
Two Victories with shield
JULIA DOMNA (6)

Rome
205 Den. 215-217 A.D. VENVSGENETRIX Venus seated 1. BMC, V, p. 434, 23B-26 1
206 Ses. 211-215 A.D. IVNO SC Juno 1. BMC, V, pp. 468f., 206f. 1
207* Ses. ,, IVNONEMSC Same BMC, V, p. 469, 208f. 1
CATALOGUE 17
208 Seos. 211-215 A.D. MATAVGGMATSENM PATRSC BMC,V, p. 469, 213f. 1
Domna seated 1.
208 a AE Uncertain type 2
CARACALLA 198-217 A.D. (12)

Rome
209 Den. 209 A.D. PONTIFTR P XII COS III Virtus r. BMC, V, p. 358, 13 1
210* Den. 210 A.D. PONTIFTR P XIIICOS III Concordiaseated 1. cf. BMC, V, pp. 363f., 34-36 1
211 Den. 210-213 A.D. MARTIPACATORI Mars 1. BMC, V, pp. 371f., 81-86 1
(P1.)
212 Den. 211 A.D. PM TR P XIIIiCOS IIIPP Pax advancing 1. BMC, V, p. 420, 4f. 1
213 Den. 215 A.D. PM TR P XVIIICOS IIIIPP Aesculapius 1. BMC, V, pp. 451f., 103f. 1
Ant. Same. Lion advancing 1. BMC, V, p. 459, 150 1
214 ,,
215 Ant. ,, Same. Sol 1. BMC, V, p. 456, 135 1
216* Ant. ,, Same. Serapis 1. cf. BMC, V, p. 455, 126 1
217 Ses. 210-213 A.D. SECVRITATIPERPETVAESC BMC, V, p. 411, 250-252 1
Securitas seated r.
Uncertain
218* Ant. PM TR P XVII COS tiIIPP Sol 1. of. BMC, V, p. 451(e) 1
PLAUTILLA (2)
Rome
219 Den. 202-205 A.D. PIETASAVGG Pietas r. BMC, V, pp. 237f., 422-426 1
220 Den. ,, VENVS VICTRIX Venus r. BMC, V, p. 238, 428-430 1
GETA 209-212 A.D. (5)

Rome
221 Ses. 210 A.D. PONTIFTR P II COS II SC BMC, V, p. 401, 214f. 2
Emperors sacrificing
222 Ses. 210-212 A.D. LIBERALITAS AVGG VI ET V SC BMC, V, p. 407, 234 1
Emperors seated on platform
223 Ses. 211 A.D. VICT BRITTR P IIICOS II SC BMC, V, p. 416, 268 1
Victory seated r.
ELAGABALUS 218-222 A.D. (4)

Rome
224 Den. 220-222 A.D. ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia 1. BMC, V, p. 560, 193f. 1
225 Den. ,, VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. BMC, V, p. 566, 237-239 1
226* Den. 221 A.D. PM TR P IIIICOS IIIPP cf. BMC, V, p. 569, 256-258 1
Emperor 1. sacrificing
227* Ses. ,, Same with SC. Sol advancing 1. of. BMC, V, p. 610, 439 1
JULIA MAESA (1)

Rome
228 Sea. 218-222 A.D. PVDICITIASC Pudicitia seated 1. BMC, V, p. 599, 395 1
SEVERUS ALEXANDER 222-235 A.D. (26)

Rome
229* Den. 222 A.D. PIETASAVG Pietas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 84, 170 1
230 See. ,, PM TR P COS PP SC Mars advancing r. RIC, IV,, p. 103, 390 1
2
231 Sea. 223 A.D. PONTIF MAX TR P II COS PP SC RIC, IV,, p. 104, 402 1
Pax seated 1.
232 Ses. ,, Same. Securitas seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 104, 407 1
233 Ses. 225 A.D. IOVIVLTORISC Jupiter seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 115, 560 1
234 Ses. 227 A.D. AEQVITASAVGVSTISC Aequitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 114, 547 1
235 Ses. ,, PAX AVG SC Pax advancing 1. RIC, IV2, p. 117, 591 1
236 Ses. 228 A.D. ROMAEAETERNAESC Roma seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 118, 602 1
237 Ses. 230 A.D. PM TR P VIIIICOS IIIPP SC Sol 1. RIC, IV,, p. 110, 500 1
238 Ses. ,, VICTORIAAVGVSTISC Victory r. RIC, IV2, p. 119, 616 1
239 Ses. 231 A.D. Same. Victory 1. RIC, IV2, p. 119, 618 1
240
Ses. ,, ANNONA AVGVSTISC Annona 1. RIG, IV2, p. 114, 549 1

241 Ses. IOVI PROPVGNATORISC RIC, IV2, p. 120, 628 1
Jupiter advancing 1.
242 Ses. PM TR P X COS IIIPP SC Sol 1. RIC, IV2, p. 111, 515 1
243 Ses. Same. Annona 1. RIC, IV2, p. 112, 520 2
244 As ,, PONTIF MAX TR P X COS IIIPP SC PROF RIGC,IV, p. 112, 524 1
AVG Emperor riding r.
245 Ses. 232 A.D. PM TR P XI COS IIIPP SC Sol 1. RIC, IV2, p. 112, 528 1
246 Ses. 233 A.D. PM TR P XII COS IIIPP SC Sol advancing 1. RIC, IV,, p. 113, 535 4
247 Ses. 234 A.D. PM TR P XIIICOS IIIPP SC Same RIC, IV2, p. 113, 538 1
248 Ses. ,, SPESPVBLICASC Spes advancing 1. RIC, IV2, p. 121, 648 1
Antioch
249* Den. 228-231 A.D. LIBERTASAVG Libertas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 92, 285 1
Uncertain
250* Den. VENVS CEL Venus seated 1. (PLATE 1) 1
(Pl.)
JULIA MAMAEA (13)

Rome
251 Den. 226 A.D. IVNO CONSERVATRIX Juno 1. RIC, IV2,p. 98, 343 1
252 Den. 229-231 A.D. FECVNDAVGVSTAE Fecunditas seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 98, 332 1
253 Den. ,, VESTA Vesta 1. RIC, IV,, p. 99, 360 1
254 Ses. 228 A.D. FELICITASPVBLICASC Felicitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 125, 676 1
255 Ses. ,, Same. Felicitas seated 1. RIC, IV,, p. 125, 679 1
256 Ses. 229-231 A.D. FECVNDITASAVGVSTAESC Fecunditas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 124, 668 1
257 Ses. ,, IVNO AVGVSTAESC Juno seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 125, 683 1
258 Ses. ,, VENERIFELICISC Venus r, RIC, IV2, p. 126, 694 2
259 Ses. ,, VENVS FELIXSC Venus seated 1. RIC, IV,, p. 126, 701 2
260 Ses. ,, VESTASC Vesta 1. RIC, IV,, p. 127, 708 1
MAXIMINUS I 235-238 A.D. (21)

Rome
261 Den. 235 A.D. PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. RIC, IV,, p. 140, 12 1
262 Den. ,, PROVIDENTIAAVG Providentia 1. RIC, IV,, p. 141, 13 1
263 Den. ,, SALVSAVGVSTI Salus seated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 141, 14 1
264 Sea. ,, FIDESMILITVMSC Fides 1. RIC, IVs, p. 144, 48 3
265 Sea. ,, PAX AVGVSTISC Pax l. RIGC,IV,, p. 145, 58 8
266 Ses. ,, SALVSAVGVSTISC Salus seated 1. RIC, IV,, p. 145, 64 1
267 Sea. ,, VICTORIAAVG SC Victory advancing r. RIC, IV2, p. 145, 67 1
268 Dup. ,, Same RIC, IV,, p. 145, 68 1
CATALOGUE 19
269 Ses. 286 A.D. SC Fides 1.
FIDESMILITVM RIC, IV2,,p. 146, 78 6
270 Ses. ,, PAX AVGVSTISC Pax 1. RIC, IV,, p. 146, 81 1
271 Ses. ,, SALVSAVGVSTISC Salus seated 1. RIG, IV,, p. 147, 85 1
272 Ses. VICTORIAGERMANICASC Victory 1. RIC, IV2, p. 147, 90 1
MAXIMUS (2)
Rome
273 Ses. 236 A.D. PRINCIPIIWENTVTISSC Prince 1. RIC, IV2, p. 156, 13 2
PUPIENUS 238 A.D. (2)

Rome
274 Ses. 288 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG SC Concordiaseated 1. RIC, IV2, p. 175, 20 1
GORDIAN 111 288-244 A.D. (52)

Rome
275 Den. 241 A.D. SALVSAVGVSTI Salus r. RIC, IV3, p. 28, 129A 8
276 Ant. 289 A.D. PMTR P II COS PP Victory advancing 1. RIC, IV3, p. 17, 19 1
277 Ant. 240 A.D. CONCORDIA AVG Concordiaseated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 19, 35 1
278 Ant. ,, CONCORDIA MILIT Same RIC, IV3, p. 23, 65 1
279 Ant. 241-243 A.D. AETERNITATIAVG Sol 1. RIC, IV3, p. 24, 83 2
280 Ant. ,, IOVISTATORI Jupiter r. RIC, IV3, p. 25, 84 3
281 Ant. ,, LAETITIAAVG N Laetitia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 25, 86 2
282 Ant. ,, VIRTVTIAVGVSTI Hercules r. RIC, IV3, p. 25, 95 2
283 Ant. 243 A.D. PMTR P VI COS II PP Emperor r. RIC, IV3, p. 25, 94 1
284 Ant. 243-244 A.D. FORT REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 31, 143 2
285 Ant. ,, MARSPROPVG Mars advancing r. RIC, IV3, p. 31, 145 3
286 Ant. ,, SECVRITPERP Securitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 31, 151 1
287 Ant. ,, VICTORAETER Victory 1. RIC, IV3, p. 31, 154 1
288 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAETER Same RIC, IV3, p. 31, 155 1
289 Ses. 238-239 A.D. FIDESMILITVMSC Fides 1. RIC, IV3, p. 43, 254a 1
290 Ses. 240 A.D. PM TR P II COS PP SC Emperor RIC, IV,, p. 45, 271 1
sacrificing 1.
291 Ses. ,, PM TR P IIICOS PP SC Same RIC, IV3, p. 47, 292a 1
292 Ses. ,, VIRTVSAVG SC Virtus 1. RIC, IV3, p. 47, 293a 1
293* Ses. 241-243 A.D. AETERNITATIAVG SC Sol 1. RIC, IV3, p. 48, 297a 4
294 Ses. ,, AVG SC Felicitas 1.
FELICITAS RIC, IV3, p. 49, 310a 1
295 Ses. ,, SECVRITASAVG SC Securitas seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 49, 311a 1
296 Ses. ,, LAETITIAAVG N SC Laetitia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 48, 300a 2
297 Dup. ,, Same RIC, IV3, p. 48, 300c 1
298 Ses. 248 A.D. PM TR P VI COS II PP SC Emperor r. RIC, IV3, p. 49, 308a 1
299 Sea. 243-244 A.D. FELICITTEMPORSC Felicitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 51, 328a 1
300 Ses. ,, TEMPORVMSC Same
FELICITAS RIC, IV3, p. 51, 330 1
301 Ses. ,, MARSPROPVGNATSC Mars advancing r. RIC, IV3, p. 52, 332a 1
302 Sea. ,, MARTEMPROPVGNATOREMSC Same RIC, IV3, p. 52, 333 1
303 Ses. ,, SECVRITASPERPETVASC Securitas 1. RIG, IV3, p. 52, 336 1
304 Sea. ,, VICTORIAAETERNA Victory 1. RIC, IV,, p. 52, 338a 2
Rome or Antioch
305* Ant. 288-289 A.D. PROVIDENTIAAVG Providentia 1. RIC, IV,, p. 16, 4 or p. 35, 193 1
306 Ant. 239-240 A.D. PM TR P II COS PP Serapis 1. RIC, IV3, p. 18, 30 1
2*
307 Ant. 243-244 A.D. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 31, 144 or p. 37, 210 1
308 Ant. 244 A.D. PM TR P VIICOS II PP Mars advancing r. or
RIC, IV3, p. 32, 167A p. 36, 207 1
Uncertain
309* Ant. VIRTVSAVG Virtus 1. RIC, IV3, p. 39, 229 1
310 Ant. ANNONA AVGG Annona 1. RIC, IV3, p. 39, 281 1
PHILIP 1 244-249 A.D. (31)

Rome
311 Ant. 244 A.D. LAETITFVNDAT Laetitia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 72, 36b 1
312 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing r. RIC, IV3, p. 74, 49b 1

313 Ant. 244-245 A.D. SECVRITORBIS Securitas seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 73, 48b 2
314 Ant. 245 A.D. LIBERALITAS
AVGG II Liberalitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 72, 38b 2
315 Ant. ,, FELICITAS
TEMP Felicitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 72, 31 2
316 Ant. 245-247 A.D. AEQVITASAVGG Aequitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 71, 27b 1
317 Ant. 248 A.D. SAECVLARESAVGG Column with COS III RIC, IV3, p. 71, 24c 1
318 Ant. ,, SAECVLVMNOWM Hexastyle temple RIC, IV3, p. 71, 25b 1
319 Ant. 248-249 A.D. FIDESEXERCITVS Four standards RIC, IV3, p. 75, 62 2
320 Ses. 244 A.D. FIDESMILITVMSC Fides 1. RIC, IV3, p. 90, 172a 1
321 Ses. ,, SALVSAVG SC Salus 1. RIC, IV3, p. 91, 187a 2
322 Ses. 245 A.D. FELICITAS
TEMPSC Felicitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 90, 169a 1
323 Ses. 245-247 A.D. AEQVITASAVGG SC Aequitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 89, 166a (2). 166c (1) 3
324 Ses. 248 A.D. SAECVLARESAVGG SC Lion r. RIC, IV3, p. 89, 158 1
Antioch
325* Ant. 247-249 A.D. AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1. cf. RIC, IV3, p. 78, 82 1
(PLATE 1)
326 Ant. 249 A.D. PM TR P VI COS PP Felicitas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 78, 78 1
327 Ant. ,, Same. Emperor sacrificing 1. RIC, IV3, p. 78, 79a (1). 79b (1) 2
Uncertain
328* Ant. ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 81, 106A 2
328a Ant. (3) AE (1) Uncertain type 4
OTACILIA SEVERA (9)

Rome
329 Ant. 245 A.D. PVDICITIAAVG Pudicitia seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 83, 123c 1
330 Ant. 246-248 A.D. IVNO CONSERVAT Juno 1. RIC, IV3, p. 83, 127 1
331 Ant. 248 A.D. SAECVLARESAVGG IIII Hippopotamus r. RIC, IV3, p. 82, 116b 1
332 Ses. 245-247 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG SC Concordiaseated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 94, 203a (2). 4
203e (1). 204 (1)
333 Ses. 248-249 A.D. PIETASAVGVSTAESC Pietas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 94, 208a 1
Uncertain
334* Ant. CONCORDIA AVGG Concordiaseated l. RIC, IV3, p. 86, 143
TRAJAN DECIUS 249-251 A.D. (10)

Rome
335 Ant. 249-251 A.D. ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r. RIC, IV,, p. 121, 10b 1
336 Ant. ,, DACIA Dacia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 121, 12b 1
337 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. RIC, IV,, p. 123, 29o 1
338 Sea. c. 249 A.D. DACIA SC Dacia 1. RIC, IV,, p. 133, 101a 1
CATALOGUE 21
339 Dbl. 249-251 A.D. SAECVLISC Felicitas 1.
FELICITAS RI, IV3,,p. 135, 115a 1
Ses.
340 Ses. ,, PANNONIAE SC Two Pannoniae RIC, IV3, p. 136, 124a 2
341 Ses. ,, VICTORIAAVG SC Victory advancing 1. RIC, IV3, p. 136, 126d 1
342 As ,, AVG SC Liberalitas 1.
LIBERALITAS RBIC,IV3, p. 136, 120a 1
Uncertain
342a Ant. Uncertain type 1
HERENNIA ETRUSCILLA (5)

Rome
343 Ant. 249-251 A.D. FECVNDITASAVG Fecunditas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 127, 55b 2
344 Ant. ,, PVDICITIAAVG Pudicitia 1. RIC, IV3, p. 127, 58b 2

345 Ant. ,, Same. Pudicitia seated 1. RIC, IV,, p. 127, 59b 1
HERENNIUS ETRUSCUS 251 A.D. (2)

Rome
346 Ant. c. 250-251 A.D. PRINCIPIIWENTVTIS Apollo seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 139, 146 1
347 Ant. Same. Prince 1. RIC, IV3, p. 139, 147c 1
TREBONIANUS GALLUS 251-253 A.D. (17)

Rome
348 Ant. 251-253 A.D. ANNONA AVGG Annona r. RIC, IV3, p. 162, 31 1
349 Ant. ,, IVNO MARTIALIS Juno seated 1. RIC, IV3, p. 162, 35 2
350 Ant. ,, LIBERTASAVGG Libertas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 163, 37 1
351 Ant. ,, PIETASAVGG Pietas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 163, 41 2
352 Ant. ,, PROVIDENTIAAVGG Providentia 1. RIC, IV,, p. 163, 44 1
353 Ses. ,, LIBERALITAS AVGGSC Liberalitas1. RIC, IV3,p. 171, 113 1
354 Ses. 253 A.D. PMTR P IIIICOS IIPPSC Emperor RIC, IV3,p. 170, 100 1
sacrificing 1.
Milan
355 Ant. 251-253 A.D. IVNO MARTIALIS Juno seated 1. R•C, IV,, p. 166, 69 3
356 Ant. ,, LIBERTASPVBLICA Libertas 1. RIC, IV3, p. 166, 70 2
357 Ant. ,, PIETASAVGG Pietas 1. RIC, TIV,p. 166, 72 1
Antioch
358* Ant. 251-253 A.D. AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1. RIC, IV,, p. 168, 80 1
359 Ant. ,, MARTIPACIFERO Mars advancing 1. RIC, IV,, p. 168, 85 1
VOLUSIAN 251-253 A.D. (8)

Rome
360 Ant. 251-253 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Concordia1. RIC, IV3, p. 178, 167 1
361 Ant. ,, IVNONI MARTIALI Juno seated in temple RIC, IV,, p. 178, 173 1
362 Ant. 253 A.D. PMTR P IIIICOS II Emperor1. RIC, IV3,p. 175, 140 1
363 Ses. 251-253 A.D. IVNONIMARTIALI SC Juno in temple RIC, IV3,p. 188, 252a 1
Antioch
364* Ant. 251-253A.D. PVBL Felicitas1.
FELICITAS RIC, IV3,p. 183, 217 1
Uncertain
364a Ant. (2) AE (1) Uncertaintype 3
AEMILIAN 253 A.D. (4)
Rome
365 Ant. 253 A.D. DIANAEVICTRI Diana 1. RIC, IV3, p. 194, 2b 1
366 Ant. ,, PM TR P I PP Emperor sacrificing 1. RIC, IV,, p. 195, 7 1
367 Ant. SPESPVBLICA Spes advancing 1. RIGC,IV, p. 195, 10 2
VALERIAN I 253-260 A.D. (38)

Rome
368* Ant. 253 A.D. FIDESMILITVM Fides1. RIC, Vx, p. 45, 89 2
369 Ant. 254 A.D. FELICITAS
AVGG Felicitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 45, 86 1
370 Ant. ,, PM TR P II COS II PP Jupiter 1. RIC, V1, p. 49, 141 1

371 Ant. 255-256 A.D. FELICITAS AVGG Felicitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 45, 87 2
372 Ant. ,, FIDESMILITVM Fides 1. RIC, V1, p. 46, 90 2

373 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVGG Victory 1. RIC, V1, p. 48, 126 1
374 Ant. 257 A.D. ORIENSAVGG Sol 1. RIC, V1, p. 47, 106 4
375 Ant. 258 A.D. IOVICONSERVAT Jupiter 1. RIC, Vx, p. 46, 94 1
Milan
376* Ant. 257 A.D. CONCORDIA MILIT Concordia1. RIC, V1, p. 56, 238 1
377 Ant. 257-259 A.D. SALVSAVGG Salus r. RIC, p. 57, 252f. 2
378 Ant. 258 A.D. SECVRITPERPET Securitas 1. V1,
RIC, V1, p. 57, 256 1
Antioch
379* Ant. 254-256 A.D. FORTVNA REDVX Mercury 1. Berytus, IV, Pl. V, 1lf. 2
380 Ant. ,, VENVSVICTRIX Venus 1. Berytus, IV, P1. V, 23 1
381 Ant. ,, VICTORIAEAVGG Soldier r. Berytus, IV, Pl. V, 20f. 1
382 Ant. ,, AETERNITATI
AVGG Sol l. Berytus, IV, P1. VI, 10f. 1
383 Ant. 256-258 A.D. AVGG Felicitas 1.
FELICITAS Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 6f. 1
384 Ant. 257 A.D. PM TR PV COS IIIIPP Emperors facing Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 16-19 2
Asia Uncertain
385 Ant. 255-258 A.D. VIRTVSAVGG Emperors facing Berytus, IV, P1. X, 1-5 4
386 Ant. PIETASAVGG Emperors sacrificing Berytus, IV, P1. X, 14f. 3
387 Ant. ,, VOTA ORBIS Victories with shield Berytus, IV, P1. X, 23-XI, 1 1
388 Ant. ,, RESTITVTORIENTIS Emperor and Orient Berytus, IV, P1. XI, 7-10 4
GALLIENUS 253-268 A.D. (349)

Rome
389 Den. 260-268 A.D. ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r. RIC, Vx, p. 161, 346 2
390 Ant. 253 A.D. PAX AVGG Pax 1. RIC, Vx, p. 81, 155 1
391 Ant. 254 A.D. CONCORDIA EXERCIT Concordia1. RIC, p. 80, 132 1
V1,
392 Ant. 255-256 A.D. PROVIDENTIAAVGG Providentia 1. RIC, V1, p. 82, 159 1
393 Ant. 257-258 A.D. VICTORIAGERM Victory 1. RIC, p. 82, 175 2
394 Ant. 260-268 A.D. ABVNDANTIA AVG Abundantia r. V1,
RIC, V,, p. 144, 157 7
395 Ant. ,, AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 144, 159 8
396 Ant. ,, AETERNITASAVG Sol l. RIC, p. 144, 160 7
V1,
397* Ant. ,, ANNONA AVG Annona r. RIC, Vx, p. 145, 161 2
398 Ant. ,, CONSERVATPIETAT Emperor 1. RIC, Vx, p. 145, 171a 1
399 Ant. ,, DIANAE CONS AVG Doe RIC, V,, p. 146, 177 1
400 Ant. ,, Same. Stag RIC, V,, p. 146, 179 1
401* Ant. ,, FELICIAVG Felicitas 1. RIG, V,, p. 147, 187 2
CATALOGUE 23
402 Ant. 260-268 A.D. FELICITAVG Felicitas r. RIC, V1, p. 147, 189 1
403* Ant. ,, Same. Felicitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 147, 191 2
404 Ant. ,, FELICITPVBL Felicitas seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 147, 192 3
405 Ant. ,, FIDESMILITVM Fides 1. RIC, V1, p. 147, 192a 5
406* Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. RIC, V1, p. 147, 193 2
407 Ant. ,, Same. Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 147, 194a 1
408 Ant. ,, INDVLGENTAVG Indulgentia seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 148, 205 2
409 Ant. ,, INDVLGENTIAAVG Indulgentia leaning RIC, V1, p. 148, 206 2
on column
410 Ant. ,, IOVICONSERVA Jupiter 1. RIC, V1, p. 149, 208 1
411 Ant. IOVISTATOR Jupiter r. RIC, V1, p. 149, 216 5
,,
412 Ant. ,, IOVIVLTORI Jupiter advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 150, 221 1
413"* Ant. ,, LAETITIAAVG Laetitia 1. RIC, V1, p. 150, 226 5

414 Ant. ,, MARTIPACIFERO Mars 1. RIC, V1, p. 151, 236 14
415 Ant. ,, ORIENSAVG Sol 1. RIC, V1, p. 152, 249 5
416 Ant. ,, PAX AVG Pax 1. RIC, V1, p. 153, 256 6
417* Ant. ,, Same. Pax seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 153, 258 3
418 Ant. ,, PAX PVBLICA Same RIC, V1, p. 153, 260 2
419 Ant. ,, PRINC IVVWENT
Youth 1. RIC, V1, p. 154, 265 1
420 Ant. ,, PROVIDAVG Providentia 1. RIC, V1, p. 154, 267 (2). 270 (2) 4
421 Ant. ,, SECVRITORBIS Securitas seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 155, 278 (2). 279 (1) 3
422 Ant. ,, SECVRITPERPET Securitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 155, 280 4
423* Ant. ,, VBERITASAVG Uberitas 1. cf. RIC, V1, p. 156, 287 11
424 Ant. ,, VICTGAL AVG Three Victories RIC, V1, p. 156, 294 1
425 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAET Victory 1. RIC, V1, p. 157, 297 6
426* Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVG Same RIC, V1, p. 157, 299 1
427 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVG III Victory advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 157, 305 1
428 Ant. VIRTVSAVG Mars 1. RIC ,V1, p. 158, 317 (3). 7
320(2).321(2)
429* Ant. ,, Same. Soldier 1. RIC, V1,p. 159, 325 3
430* Ant. ,, VIRTVSAVGVSTI Mars 1. cf. RIC, V1, p. 159, 330 2
Milan
431* Ant. 257 A.D. VICTGERM Victory advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 99, 404 1
432* Ant. 258 A.D. LEGIIIIFLVI P VI F Lion running r. cf. RIC, V1, p. 94, 343 1
(PLATE 1)
433 Ant. ,, LEGX GEMVI P VI F Bull r. RIC, V1, p. 96, 357 1
434* Ant. 266 A.D. PM TR P VIICOS Emperor seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 171, 457 1
435 Ant. 260-268 A.D. AETERNITASAVG Sol. 1. RIC, V1, p. 171, 466 2
436 Ant. ,, APOLLO CONSER Apollo r. RIC, V1, p. 172, 467 1
437 Ant. ,, Same. Apollo 1. RIG, V,, p. 172, 468 1
438 Ant. ,, FORT REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V,, p. 173, 483 (1). 484 (1) 2
439 Ant. ,, MARTIPACIFERO Mars advancing 1. RIC, V,, p. 174, 492 1
440 Ant. ,, ORIENSAVG Sol. 1. RIC, V1, p. 174, 495 3
441 Ant. ,, SALVSAVG Aesculapius 1. RIC, V1, p. 176, 511b 3
442 Ant. ,, SECVRITPERPET Securitas 1. RIC, V1, p. 176, 516 1
443 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 176, 523 1
444 Ant. ,, VIRTVSAVG Soldier 1. RIC, V1, p. 177, 534 2
Lyons
445* Ant. 258-259 A.D. GERMANICVSMAX V Trophy RIC, V,, p. 70, 18 1
Siscia
446* Ant. 260-268 A.D. ANNONA AVG Annona r. RIC, Vx, p. 180, 556 1
447* Ant. ,, PAX AVG Pax advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 182, 576 3
448 Ant. ,, SPESPVBLICA Spes advancing RIC, Vx, p. 182, 584 1
449 Ant. ,, ANNONA AVG Annona 1. RIC, V1, p. 180, 557 1
450 Ant. ,, PROVIDENAVG Providentia 1. RIC, V1, p. 182, 580 2
451 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVG Victory 1. RIC, V., p. 183, 587 3
452 Ant. ,, CONCORDIA AVG Concordia1. RIC, V1, p. 180, 563 3
453 Ant. ,, AVG Sol 1.
AETERNITATI RIC, V1, p. 180, 555 1
454 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAET Victory 1. RIC, V1, p. 183, 586 1
455 Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. RIC, V1, p. 181, 572 6

456 Ant. VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing r. RIC, V1, p. 183, 588 1
,,
Asia Minor
457* Ant. 266-268 A.D. AETERNTT(sic) AVG Wolf and twins cf. Berytus, V, p. 61, 4 1
(PLATE 1)
458 Ant. CONSERVATORAVG Aesculapius 1. Berytus, V, p. 61, 5 1
459 Ant. MINERVAAVG Minerva r. Berytus, V, p. 63, 7 1
Antioch
460 Ant. 254-256 A.D. FELICITAS
SAECVLI Diana advancing r. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 2f. 1
461 Ant. ,, VIRTVSAVGG Soldier 1. Berytus, IV, Pl. VII, 5 2
462 Ant. ,, DIANA LVCIFERA Diana r. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 9 1
463* Ant. 256-258 A.D. AEQVITASAVGG Aequitas 1. cf. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 13 1
464 Ant. ,, LIBERALITAS
AVGG Liberalitas 1. Berytus, IV, P1. VIII, 11f. 1
465 Ant. 262-263 A.D. ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 3 (obv. a) 2
466 Ant. ,, AVG Sol 1.
AETERNITATI Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 (obv. a) 1
467 Ant. ,, IOVISTATORI Jupiter r. Berytus, V, p. 48, 9 (obv. a) 1
468 Ant. 263 A.D. PM TR P XII COS V PP Serapis 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 1 2
469 Ant. 264 A.D. PM TR P XIII C VI PP Lion 1. Berytus, V, p. 50, 2 2
470 Ant. 264-267 A.D. ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 3 (obv. b) 1
471 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 4 2
472 Ant. ,, VIRTVSAVGVSTI Hercules r. Berytus, V, p. 48, 5 1
473 Ant. ,, VIRTVSAVG Mars 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 6; P1. XV, 14 3
474 Ant. ,, AETERNITATIAVG Sol 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 (obv. b) 3
475 Ant. ,, AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1. Berytus, V, p. 48, 8 6
476 Ant. ,, IOVI STATORI Jupiter r. Berytus, V, p. 48, 9 (obv. b) 4
477* Ant. 264-266 A.D. MINERVAAVG Minerva r. Berytus, V, p. 50, 4 3
478 Ant. ,, MARSVICTOR Mars advancing r. Berytus, V, p. 50, 5 2
479 Ant. ,, VIRTVSAVG Emperor r. Berytus, V, p. 50, 8 2
480 Ant. ,, AETERNITASAVG Wolf and twins Berytus, V, p. 50, 9 2
481 Ant. ,, PAX FVNDATA Trophy Berytus, V, p. 50, 11 1
482 Ant. 266 A.D. IOVICONSER AVG Jupiter 1. Berytus, V, p. 51, 1 1
483 Ant. ,, IOVI CONSERVAT Same Berytus, V, p. 52, 2 3
484 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Sol 1. Berytus, V, p. 52, 3 4
485 Ant. ,, VIRTVSAVG Mars r. Berytus, V, p. 52, 6 3
486 Ant. ,, AETERNITASAVG Saturn r. Berytus, V, p. 52, 7 2
487 Ant. ,, FIDESAVG Mercury 1. Berytus, V, p. 52, 8 2
488 Ant. 266-268 A.D. VIRTVSAVG Mars r. Berytus, V, p. 53, 2 1
489 Ant. ,, IVBENTVSAVG Emperor 1. Berytus, V, p. 54, 5 1
490 Ant. ,, LAETITIAAVG Laetitia 1. Berytus, V, p. 54, 6 1
CATALOGUE 25
491 Ant. 266-268 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. Berytus, V, p. 54, 7 3
492 Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. Berytus, V, p. 54, 9 1
493 Ant. ,, MINERVAAVG Minerva 1. Berytus, V, p. 54, 10 1
495 Ant. 268 A.D. VIRTVSAVG Mars r. Berytus, V, p. 55, 1 1
496 Ant. ,, CONSERVATORAVG Aesculapius 1. Berytus, V, p. 55, 3 1
497 Ant. ,, VENERVICTRICI Venus 1. Berytus, V, p. 55, 4 1
498 Ant. ,, PROVIDENTIAAVG Mercury1. Berytus, V, p. 55, 8 1
500 Ant. ,, LVNA LVCIFERA Diana advancing r. Berytus, V, p. 55, 10 1
501* Ant. ,, AVG Sol 1.

AETERNITATI cf. Berytus, V, p. 48, 7 and 1
p. 56
(PLATE 1)
Asia Uncertain
502 Ant. 255-258 A.D. VIRTVSAVGG Emperors facing Berytus, IV, Pl. X, 8-12 1
503 Ant. 259 A.D. PIETASAVGG Emperors sacrificing Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 6. 14 1
504 Ant. ,, VICTORIAGERMAN Emperor and Victory Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 10 1
505 Ant. 260 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI Emperor and Jupiter Berytus, IV, Pl. XIII, 20 1
506 Ant. ,, Same Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 8f. 4
507 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVG Emperor and Victory Berytus, IV, P1. XIII, 26. XIV, 1 2
508 Ant. ,, VIRTVSAVG Emperor and Roma Berytus, IV, Pl. XIV, 6 4
Uncertain
509 Ant. AEQVITASAVG or AVGG Aequitas 1. 2
510 Ant. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. 3
511 Ant. IOVISTATORI Jupiter 1. 1
512 Ant. MARTIPACIFERO Mars 1. 2
513 Ant. ORIENSAVG Sol 1. 4
514 Ant. PROVIDENTIAAVG Providentia 1. 2
515 Ant. VICTORIAAVG Victory 1. 4
516* Ant. LAETITIAAVGG Laetitia 1. (PLATE 1) 2
SALONINA (83)
Rome
517* Ant. 256-257 A.D. FECVNDITASAVG Fecunditas r. RIC, V1, p. 111, 26 1
518 Ant. ,, PIETASAVGG Pietas 1. RIC, V1, p. 111, 33 1
519 Ant. 260-268 A.D. CONCORD AET Concordiaseated 1. RIC, V1, p. 192, 2 2
520 Ant. ,, FECVNDITASAVG Fecunditas 1. RIC, V1, p. 192, 5 8
521 Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. RIC, V1, p. 193, 9 2
522 Ant. ,, IVNO CONSERVAT Juno 1. RIC, V1, p. 193, 11 4
523 Ant. ,, IVNO REGINA Similar RIC, V1, p. 193, 12 1
524 Ant. ,, IVNONI CONS AVG Doe advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 193, 16 2
525 Ant. ,, PAX AVG Pax 1. RIC, V1, p. 193, 19 2
526 Ant. ,, PIETASAVG Pietas 1. RIC, V1, p. 193, 21 1
527 Ant. ,, PVDICITIA Pudicitia 1. RIC, V1, p. 194, 24 2
528 Ant. ,, Same. Pudicitia seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 194, 25 8
529 Ant. ,, VENVSVICTRIX Venus 1. RIC, V1, p. 194, 31 4
530 Ant. ,, VESTA Vesta seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 194, 32 3
531 Ses. 255-256 A.D. IVNO REGINASC Juno 1. RIC, V1, p. 112, 46 1
Milan
532 Ant. 260-268 A.D. VENVS FELIX Venus 1. RIC, V1, p. 198, 65 1
Siscia
533* Ant. 260-268 A.D. CONCOR AVG Concordiaseated 1. RIC, V1, p. 198, 71 6
534 Ant. ,, IVNO REGINA Juno 1. RIC, V1, p. 199, 76 1
535 Ant. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 199, 75 1
536 Ant. ,, PIETASAVG Pietas 1. RIC, V1, p. 199, 78 1
Antioch
537 Ant. 256-258 A.D. IVNO REGINA Juno 1. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 19f. 4
538 Ant. ,, PVDICITIAAVG Pudicitia 1. Berytus, IV, P1. VII, 21 1
539 Ant. 262-267 A.D. IVNOREGINA Junol. Berytus,V, p. 48, 10 1

540 Ant. 264-266 A.D. CERERIAVG Ceres seated 1. Berytus, V, p. 50, 12 4

541 Ant. 266 A.D. VENVSAVG Venus 1. Berytus, V, p. 52, 9 2
542 Ant. 266-268 A.D. SALVSAVG Salus r. Berytus, V, p. 54, 14 2
Asia Uncertain
543 Ant. 255-258 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Emperor and empress Berytus, IV, P1. XI, 15-19 2
544 Ant. 259 A.D. CONCORDIA AVG Same Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 7 1
545 Ant. ,, ROMAEAETERNAE Emperor and Roma Berytus, IV, Pl. XIII, 16-18 1
Uncertain
546* Ant. 253-260 A.D. VENVS VICTRIX Venus 1. RIC, V1, p. 115, 68 1
547 Ant. IVNOREGINA Juno 1. with and 4
without peacock
VALERIAN 1I (2)
Rome
548 Ant. 254-255 A.D. PIETASAVGG Sacrificial implements RIC, V1, p. 118, 20 1
Antioch
549 Ant. 256-257 A.D. VICTORIAPART Prince and Victory Berytus, IV, P1. IX, 12f. 1
SALONINUS (1)
Asia Uncertain
550 Ant. 258-259 A.D. SPESPVBLICA Prince and Spes Berytus, IV, P1. XII, 1-3. 23f. 1
MACRIAN 260-261 A.D. (4)

Asia Uncertain
551 Ant. 260-261 A.D. SOL INVICTO Sol 1. Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 15f. 1
552 Ant. ,, ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1. Berytus, IV, P1. XV, 1-3 1
553 Ant. ,, APOLINICONSERVA Apollo 1. Berytus, IV, PI. XV, 5 1
554 Ant. ,, SPESPVBLICA Spes 1l. Berytus, IV, PI. XV, 10f. 1
QUIETUS 260-261 A.D. (3)

Asia Uncertain
555 Ant. 260-261 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI Jupiter seated 1. Berytus, IV, PI. XIV, 17f. 1
556 Ant. ,, ROMAEAETERNAE Roma seated 1. Berytus, IV, P1. XIV, 22-24 1
557 Ant. ,, SPESPVBLICA Spes 1. Berytus, IV, P1. XV, 9 1
POSTUMUS 259-268A.D. (1)

Lyons
558* Ant. 259-265 A.D. VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. RIC, V,, p. 344, 89 1
CATALOGUE 27
VICTORINUS 268-270 A.D. (1)
Cologne
559 Ant. 268-270 A.D. INVICTVS Sol advancing 1. RIC, V2, p. 396, 114 1
TETRICUS 270-273 A.D. (2)

Gaul Uncertain
560 Ant. 270-273 A.D. PAX AVG Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 409, 103 1
IrregularMint
561 Ant. 270-273 A.D. Blundered legends. Victory advancing 1. of. RIC, V,, pp. 412 f. 1
CLAUDIUS 11 268-270 A.D. (23)

Rome
562 Ant. 268-270 A.D. ANNONA AVG Annona 1. RIC, V1, p. 213, 18 1
563 Ant. ,, FIDESEXERCI Fides 1. RIC, V1, p. 214, 36 1
564 Ant. ,, GENIVSEXERCI Genius 1. RIC, V1, p. 215, 48 1
565 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVG Victory 1. RIC, V1, p. 219, 104 1
566 Ant. ,, VIRTVSAVG Soldier 1. RIC, V1, p. 219, 109 1
Siscia
567 Ant. 268-270 A.D. LAETITIAAVG Laetitia 1. RIC, V1, p. 226, 181 (1). 182 (1) 2
Asia Minor
568* Ant. 268-269 A.D. VIRTVTIAVG Mars 1. Berytus, V, p. 65, 4 1
569 Ant. ,, FORTVNAAVG Fortuna 1. Berytus, V, p. 65, 10 1
Antioch
570 Ant. 268-269 A.D. NEPTVN AVG Neptune 1. Berytus, V, p. 57, 2 1
571 Ant. ,, CONSER AVG Serapis 1. Berytus, V, p. 57, 4 1
572* Ant. ,, AEQVITASAVG Aequitas 1. Berytus, V, p. 57, 10 1
Various Mints
573* Ant. After 270 A.D. CONSECRATIO Eagle 1. RIC, V1, p. 234, 266 5
(PLATE 2)
574* Ant. ,, Same. Altar RIC, V1, pp. 233f., 261f. 4
Uncertain
QUINTILLUS 270 A.D. (1)

Rome
575 Ant. 270 A.D. SECVRITAVG Securitas 1. RIC, V, p. 242, 31 1
AURELIAN 270-275 A.D. (163)

Rome
576 Den. 274-275 A.D. VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 273, 78 4
577 Ant. 272-273 A.D. IOVICONSER Emperor and Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 270, 48 2
578 Ant. ,, RESTITVTORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V1, p. 271, 53 1
579* Ant. ,, VIRTMILITVM Emperor, soldier RIC, V1, p. 271, 56 2
580 Ant. 274-275 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 271, 60 2
581* Ant. ,, ORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1. RIC, V1, pp. 271f., 61 (1). 62 (2) 3
582 Ant. ,, Same. Sol advancing r. RIC, V1, p. 272, 64 4
Milan
583 Ant. 272-273 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 278, 120 1
584 Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V,, p. 279, 128 1
585 Ant. 272-273 A.D. IOVICONSER Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 279, 129 2
586 Ant. RESTITVTORIENTIS Emperor, woman RIC, V1, p. 280, 140 1
587 Ant. VIRTVSMILITVM Emperor, soldier RIC, V1, p. 281, 147 1
Ticinum
588 Ant. 274-275 A.D. ORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 281, 151 1
589 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Same RIC, V1, p. 282, 154 1
Siscia
590 Ant. 270-271 A.D. CONCORDIA MILI Concordiawith ensignsRIC, V1, p. 286, 192 1
591 Ant. ,, CONCORDIA MILIT Two Concordiae RIC, V1, p. 287, 199 1
592* Ant. 272-273 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVMEmperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 288, 215 (6). 216 (3) 9
593 Ant. ,, FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna seated 1. RIC, V1, p. 289, 220 1
594 Ant. ,, IOVICONSER Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 289, 225 13

595* Ant. ,, IOVICONSERVATORI Same RIC, V1, p. 290, 227 6
596 Ant. ,, RESTITVORIENTIS Emperor raising woman RIC, V1, p. 290, 233 1
597 Ant. ,, RESTITVTORORIENTIS Same RIC, V1, p. 290, 233 1
598 Ant. ,, VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 291, 237 1
599 Ant. ,, Same. Victory soaring RIC, V1, p. 291, 238 1
600* Ant. 274-275 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 292, 244 9
601 Ant. ,, ORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1. RIC, V1, p. 293, 255 7
602 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Sol l. RIC, V1, p. 294, 257 1
Serdica
603 Ant. 272-273 A.D. IOVICONSER Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 294, 259 (1). 261 (1) 2
604 Ant. 274-275 A.D. ORIENSAVG Sol 1. RIC, V1, p. 296, 278 1
605* Ant. Same. Emperor, Sol RIC, V1, p. 297, 283 2
606 Ant. ,, PROVIDENDEOR Fides, Sol RIC, V1, p. 297, 284 1
607 Ant. RESTITVTORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V1, pp. 297-299, 289 (1). 4
290 (1). 295 (1). 299 (1)
608 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Soll. RIC, V1, p. 299, 308 1
Cyzicus
609 Ant. 270-271 A.D. PM TR PP Lion r. RIC, V1, p. 302, 325 1
610 Ant. ,, IOVISTATORI Jupiter 1. RIC, V1, p. 302, 333 1
611 Ant. 272-273 A.D. FIDESMILITVM Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 303, 344 3
612* Ant. ,, IOVICONSER Similar RIC, V1, p. 304, 346 3
613* Ant. ,, RESTITVTORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, p. 304, 348 1
V],
614" Ant. ,, RESTITVTORORBIS Same RIC, V1, p. 304, 347 (2). 348 (2). 6
349 (2)
(PLATE 2)
615 Ant. ,, RESTITVTORIENTIS Emperor raising woman RIC, V1, p. 304, 351 1
616 Ant. 274-275 A.D. ORIENSAVG Sol 1. RIC, V1, pp. 305f., 360 (5). 7
361 (1). 365 (1)
617 Ant. ,, EXERCITI Emperor, Mars
RESTITVTOR RIC, V1, p. 306, 366 2
618 Ant. ,, RESTITVTOR
ORBIS Emperor, Victory RIC, V1, p. 306, 368 (5). 369 (7) 12
Antioch
619 Ant. 274-275 A.D. RESTITVTORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V1, p. 308, 386 1
UnattributedMint
620 Ant. 272-273 A.D. RESTITVTORBIS Same RIC, V',, p. 310, 399 1
621 Ant. ,, ROMAEAETERNAE Emperor, seated Roma RIC, V1, p. 311,405 1
622 Ant. ,, VIRTVSMILITVM Emperor, soldier RIC, V1, p. 311, 408 2
CATALOGUE 29
Uncertain
623 Ant. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Concordia 7
624 Ant. FORTVNA REDVX Fortuna 1. 1
625 Ant. IOVICONSER Emperor, Jupiter 5
626 Ant. IOVICONSERVATORI Same 1
627 Ant. ORIENSAVG Sol advancing 1. 2
628 Ant. or RESTITVTOR
RESTITVT ORBIS 5
Emperor, woman
629 Ant. VICTORIAAVG Victory advancing 1. 1
SEVERINA(11)
Rome
630 Den. 274-275 A.D. VENVS FELIX Venus 1. RIC, V1, p. 316, 6 2
631 Ant. ,, CONCORDIA AVGG Emperor, empress RIC, V1, p. 315, 3 2
632 Ant. ,, CONCORDIAE MILITVM Concordia1. RIC, V1, p. 315, 4 1
Ticinum
633 Ant. 274-275 A.D. Same RIC, V1, p. 316, 8 1
Siscia
634 Ant. 274-275 A.D. Same RIC, V1, p. 317, 13 3
Cyzicus
635 Ant. 274-275 A.D. Same RIC, V1, p. 318, 18 1
Antioch
636 Ant. 274-275 A.D. Same RIC, V1, p. 318, 20 1
TACITUS 275-276 A.D. (7)

Ticinum
637 Ant. 275-276 A.D. SAECVLI Felicitas 1.
FELICITAS RIC, V1, p. 340, 139 1
638 Ant. ,, PROVIDEAVG Providentia l. RIC, V1, p. 341, 152 1
Siscia
639 Ant. 275-276 A.D. PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. RIC, V1, p. 344, 186 1
640 Ant. ,, SALVSAVG Salus 1. RIC, V1, p. 345, 189 1
Serdica
641 Ant. 275-276 A.D. CONSERVATMILIT Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V1, p. 345, 193 1
642 Ant. ,, PROVIDENDEOR Providentia r. RIC, V1, p. 346, 197 1
Cyzicus
643 Ant. 275-276 A.D. SPESPVBLICA Emperor, Victory RIC, V1, p. 347, 207 1
FLORIAN 276 A.D. (9)

Rome
644 Ant. 276 A.D. VIRTVSAVG Emperor r. RIC, V1, p. 354, 47 1
Ticinum
645 Ant. 276 A.D. AVG Felicitas 1.
FELICITAS RIC, V1, p. 355, 60 (1). 61 (1) 2
646 Ant. ,, PROVIDEAVG Providentia 1. RIC, V1, p. 857, 88 1
Serdica
647 Ant. 276 A.D. PROVIDENDEOR Providentia, Sol RIC, V1, p. 360, 111f. 1
648* Ant. ,, VICTORIAPERPETVAAVG Emperor,Victory (PLATE 2) 1
Cyzicus
649 Ant. 276 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Same RIC, V1, p. 360, 116 8
PROBUS 276-282 A.D. (101)
Rome
650* Ant. 276 A.D. PROVIDENTIAAVG Providentia 1. RIC, V2, p. 95, 726 1
651 Ant. 277 A.D. SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga RIC, V2, p. 39, 204 1
652 Ant. 278 A.D. Same. Sol in quadriga 1. RIC, Vs, p. 39, 202 1
653 Ant. ,, ADVENTVSAVG Emperor riding 1. RIC, V2,,p. 34, 155 1
654 Ant. 279 A.D. ROMAEAETER Roma seated in temple RIC, V2, p. 37, 185 2
655* Ant. 281 A.D. FIDESMILITVM Fides 1. cf. RIC, V2, p. 36, 169 1
656 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Sol in quadriga 1. RIC, V2, p. 39, 203 1
657* Ant. 282 A.D. ADVENTVSAVG Emperor riding 1. of. RIC, V,, p. 35, 157 1
658 Ant. ROMAEAETER Roma in temple RIC, V,, p. 37, 187 2
,,
Ticinum
659 Ant. 276 A.D. VIRTVSAVG Soldier 1. RIC, V2, p. 64, 435 1
660 Ant. 277 A.D. HERCVLIPACIF Hercules 1. RIC, V,, p. 58, 375 1
661 Ant. 277-278A.D. AVG Providentia1.
PROVIDENT RIC, V2,p. 61, 399 1
662 Ant. 278 A.D. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia RIC, V1, p. 53, 335 1
663 Ant. ,, FIDESMILIT Fides 1. RIC, V,, p. 57, 366 1
664 Ant. ,, VIRTVSAVG Soldier 1. RIC, V,, p. 64, 436 1
665 Ant. 279 A.D. MARTIPACIF Mars advancing 1. RIC, V,, p. 74, 541 1
666 Ant. ,, SECVRITPERP Securitas 1. RIC, V2, p. 77, 575 1
667 Ant. ,, PROVIDENTAVG Providentia 1. RIC, V,, p. 75, 551 1
668 Ant. 281 A.D. Same RIC, V,, p. 70, 490 1
669 Ant. ,, PAX AVG Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 72, 517 1
670 Ant. ,, SALVSAVG Salus r. RIC, V2, p. 71, 501 1
Lyons
671 Ant. 277-280 A.D. TEMPORFELICI Felicitas r. RIC, V,, p. 29, 103 1
672 Ant. 282 A.D. TEMPORFELICIT Same RIC, V2, p. 31, 129 1
673 Ant. ,, PAX AVG Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 80, 119 1
674 Ant. ,, SALVSAVG Salus 1. RIC, V,, p. 30, 124 1
Siscia
675 Ant. 276 A.D. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia RIC, V,, p. 87, 651 1
676 Ant. 276-277 A.D. AVG Felicitas 1.
FELICITAS RIC, V,, p. 90, 675 (1). 682 (1) 2
677 Ant. ,, PROVIDEAVG Providentia 1. RIC, V,, p. 94, 716 1
678 Ant. 277 A.D. PM TR P COS PP Emperor 1. RIC, V,, p. 82, 607 1
679 Ant. ,, ADVENTVSPROBIAVG Emperor riding 1. RIC, V,, p. 85, 632 (1). 634 (1) 2
680 Ant. ,, CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia RIC, Vs, p. 88, 657 1
681 Ant. ,, ORIGINIAVG Wolf and twins RIC, V,, p. 92, 703 1
682 Ant. ,, SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga RIC, V,, p. 101, 776 3
6883 Ant. 278 A.D. PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 98, 713 1
684 Ant. ,, RESTITVTORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V,, p. 96, 783 1
685 Ant. ,, VIRTVSPROBIAVG Mars advancing r. RIC, Vs, p. 105, 810 2
686 Ant. 279 A.D. SOLI INVICTO Sol in quadriga 1. RIC, Vs, p. 100, 769 (1); 2
p. 101, 774 (1)
687 Ant. 280 A.D. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia RIC, V,, p. 87, 650 1
688 Ant. ,, CONSERVATAVG Sol 1. RIC, Vs, p. 89, 670 1
689 Ant. ,, PAX AVGVSTI Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 98, 712 1
690 Ant. ,, PROVIDENTAVG Providentia 1. RIC, V,, p. 94, 720 1
691* Ant. ,, SALVSAVG Salus seated 1. of. RIC, V,, p. 98, 756 1
692 Ant. 282 A.D. RESTITVTORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V2, p. 95, 731 1
CATALOGUE 81
Serdica
693* Ant. 277 A.D. SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga RIC, V2, p. 29, 101 (2); p. 112, 5
861 (1). 862 (1); p. 113,
869 (1)
694 Ant. ,, VIRTVSPROBIAVG Emperor galloping r. RIC, V2, p. 113, 877 (1); p. 114, 3
878 (1). 880 (1)
695 Ant. ,, Same. Emperor riding 1. RIC, V,, p. 114, 887 1
Cyzicus
696* Ant. 276 A.D. CLEMENTIATEMP Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V,, p. 117, 905 6
697 Ant. 276-277 A.D. ADVENTVSPROBIAVG Emperor riding 1. RIC, V,, p. 116, 903 (1); p. 117, 2
904 (1)
698 Ant. 280 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Victory RIC, V,, p. 117, 907 (2). 908 (2) 4
699 Ant.
,, VIRTVSPROBIAVG Emperor riding 1. RIC, V,, p. 118, 913 1

700 Ant. 280-281 A.D. SOLI INVICTO Sol in spread quadriga RIC, V,, p. 118, 911 14
Antioch
701 Ant. 280 A.D. CLEMENTIATEMP Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V,, p. 120, 922 1
702 Ant. RESTITVTORBIS Emperor, woman RIC, V,, p. 120, 925 1
Uncertain
703 Ant. CONCORD MILIT Emperor, Concordia 1
704 Ant. CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperor,Victory 2
705 Ant. ROMAEAETERNAE Roma in temple 2
706 Ant. SALVSAVG Salus 1. 1
707 Ant. SOLI INVICTO Sol in quadriga 1. 1
708 Ant. Same. Sol in spread quadriga 2
CARUS 282-283 A.D. (4)

Rome
709 Ant. 282-283 A.D. AETERNITIMPERI Sol advancing 1. RIC, V2, p. 139, 35 1
710 Ant. 283 A.D. VIRTVSAVGG Soldier 1. RIC, V2, p. 140, 45 1
Ticinum
711 Ant. 282-283 A.D. PAX EXERCITI Pax 1. RIC, V,, p. 143, 75 1
712 Ant. ,, SPESPVBLICA Spes advancing 1. RIC, V,, p. 144, 82 1
CARINUS 283-285 A.D. (10)

Rome
713 Ant. 283-284 A.D. AEQVITASAVGG Aequitas 1. RIC, V,, p. 169,238 1
714 Ant. 284-285 A.D. AEQVITASAVG Same RIC, V,, p. 169, 236 1
715 Ant. ,, AETERNITAVG Aeternitas 1. RIC, V,, p. 170, 243 1
716 Ant. ,, FIDESMILIT Fides 1. RIC, V,, p. 170, 250 1
717 Ant. ,, FIDESMILITVM Same RIC, V,, p. 170, 252 1
Ticinum
718 Ant. 283-285 A.D. FELICITPVBLICA Felicitas 1. RIC, V,, p. 175, 295 1
Siscia
719 Ant. 282-283 A.D. IWENT Prince1.
PRINCIPI RIC, V2,p. 162, 197 1
720 Ant. 283-284 VOTAPVBLICAEmperorssacrificing RIG, V,, p. 177, 315 2
Uncertain
721 Ant. FIDESMILITVMFides 1. 1
MAGNIA URBICA (1)
Rome
722 Ant. 283-285 A.D. VENVSVICTRIX Venus 1. RIC, V,, p. 184, 343 1
NUMERIAN 283-284 A.D. (4)

Rome
723 Ant. 282-283 A.D. IWVVENTPrince 1.
PRINCIPI RIC, V,, p. 188, 362 1
Siscia
724 Ant. 283-284 A.D. VOTA PVBLICA Emperors sacrificing RIC, V2, p. 200, 461 1
Cyzicus
725 Ant. 283-284 A.D. CLEMENTIATEMP Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V2, p. 201, 463 1
Antioch
726 Ant. 283-284 A.D. VIRTVSAVGG Same RIC, V,, p. 202, 467 1
DIOCLETIAN 284-305 A.D. (72)

Rome
727* Quin. 285 A.D. IOVICONSERVATAVGG Jupiter 1. RIC, V,, p. 240, 193 1
(Pl.)
728 Ant. ,, PROVIDENTIAAVG Providentia 1. RIC, V2, p. 238, 180 1
729 Ant. 285-286 A.D. IOVICONSERVATAVGG Jupiter 1. RIC, V2, p. 236, 162 1
730 Ant. 287 A.D. Same. Similar with eagle RIC, V2, p. 237, 165 1
731 Ant. 292 A.D. Same. Jupiter r. RIC, V2, p. 237, 166 1
732 AE2 301-305 A.D. SACRA MON VRB AVGG ET CAESSNN C., 434; NZ, 1925, p. 12 1
Moneta 1.
Ticinum
733 Ant. 285 A.D. IOVICONSERVAT Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V2, p. 243, 220 1
Thessalonica
734 Den. 296-300 A.D. VIRTVSMILITVM Camp gate C., 521; Gerin, p. 333, 1 1
Heraclea
735 Ant. 291-292 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter RIC, V2, p. 249, 284 5
736 AE3 296-305 A.D. Same C., 34; Gerin, p. 111, 4 27
737 AE2 ,, GENIO POPVLIROMANI Genius i. C., 106; Gerin, p. 111, 6-9 1
Cyzicus
738* AE3 296-305 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter C., 34; Gerin, p. 131, 9-11 25
Antioch
739 Ant. 293-295 A.D. Same RIC, V2, p. 256, 322 1
Alexandria
740 AE3 296--305 A.D. Same C., 82; Gerin, p. 9, 18 2
Uncertain
741 Ant. or AE3 Same C., 84 1
741a Ant. or AE3 Uncertain type 2
MAXIMIAN 285-805 A.D. (108)

Rome
742 Ant. 285-286 A.D. IOVICONSERVATAVGG Jupiter 1. RIC, V,, p. 278, 506 1
743 Ant. 285-289 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORIAVG (or AVGG) RIC, V,, p. 278, 508f. 1
Same
CATALOGUE 33
Ticinum
744 Ant. 285-288 A.D. HERCVLICONSERVAT Hercules r. RIC, V2, p. 288, 545 1
Siscia
745 Ant. 287 A.D. AVGVSTORVMSimilar
VIRTVS RIC, V2,p. 289, 591 1
746 Ant. 288 A.D. CONSERVATORAVGG Emperor, Hercules RIC, V2, p. 287, 579 1
Thessalonica
747 AE2 296-305 A.D. GENIO POPVLIROMANI Genius 1. C., 184; Gerin, p. 333, 2 2
Heraclea
748 Ant. 292-295A.D. CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperor,Jupiter RIC, V,, p. 289, 595 1
Cyzicus
750 Ant. c. 293 A.D. Same RIC, V2, p. 291, 606f. 1
Antioch
752 Ant. 285 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI AVGG Emperor, RIC, V2,p. 294, 623 1
Jupiter
753 Ant. 285-295A.D. IOVETHERCVCONSERAVGG RIC, V2,p. 294, 622 1
Jupiter,Hercules
Uncertain
754 Ant. or AE3 CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperor,Jupiter C., 54 5
754a Ant. or AE3 Uncertain type 1
CONSTANTIUS CHLORUS 805-806 A.D. (22)

Aquileia
755 AE2 300-301A.D. GENIOPOPVLIROMANI Genius1. C., 61; NZ, 1923,pp. if. 1
Ticinum
756 AE2 301-305A.D. SACRAMONETAVGGETCAESSNOSTR C., 264; Gerin,pp. 320f., 14-16 1
Moneta1.
Thessalonica
757 AE2 296-305 A.D. GENIOPOPVLIROMANI Genius1. C., 89; Gerin,p. 334, 2f. 1
Heraclea
758 AE3 296-305 A.D. CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperor,Jupiter C., 20; Gerin,p. 1183,3 2
Cyzicus
759 Ant. 293-295 A.D. Same RIC, V2, p. 302, 672 1
760 AE3 296-305 A.D. Same C., 20; Gerin, p. 133, 2f. 11
761 AE2 ,, GENIOAVGGETCAESARVMNN Genius1. C., 58; Gerin,p. 133, 5f. 1
762 AE2 305-306A.D. GENIO ROMANI
POPVLI Same M., III, p. 90, II. 1 1
Uncertain
763 Ant. or AE3 CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperor,Jupiter C., 20 3
GALERIUS 305-311 A.D. (51)

Carthage
764* AE2 296-297A.D. ADVENTAVGGNN Africa1.
FELIX of. C., 28; Gerin,p. 129, 8 1
(PLATE2)
Heraclea
765 AE8 296-8305A.D. CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperor,Jupiter C., 22; Gerin,p. 113, 2 5
Cyzicus
766 AE3 296-805A.D. Same C., 22; Gerin,p. 184, 2f. 34
3
Alexandria
767 AE3 296-305A.D. Same C., 22; Gerin,p. 15, 17 2
Uncertain
768 Ant. or AE3 Same C., 22 6
769 AE2 GENIOPOPVLIROMANI Genius1. C., 90 2
770 AE2 SACRAMONETAVGGETCAESSNOSTR C., 188 1
Moneta1.
GALERIA (2)
Thessalonica
771 AE2 308-811 A.D. VICTRICIVenus1.
VENERI M., II, p. 423, IV; p. 425 2
SEVERUS 11 306-307 A.D. (3)

Heraclea
772 AE2 305-306A.D. GENIOPOPVLIROMANI Geniusl. M.,II, p. 554, II. 4 1
Alexandria
773 AE3 305-306A.D. CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperor,Jupiter M., III, p. 230, VIII. 3 1
774 AE3 306-307 A.D. Same M., III, p. 232, XIII. 3 1
MAXIMINUS 1I 808-313 A.D. (9)

Thessalonica
775 AE2 308-309A.D. GENIOCAESARISGenius1. cf. M., II, p. 422, I. 2 1
776 AE2 ,, VIRTVTI
EXERCITVSMarsadvancingr. M., II, p. 423, II. 3 1
777 AE2 311-312A.D. IOVICONSERVATORIJupiter1. M., II, p. 428, III. 4 1
Nicomedia
778 AE2 309-311A.D. CMH Genius1.
GENIOAVGVSTI M., III, p. 12, II. 3 1
Cyzicus
779 AE2 308-309A.D. GENIOCAESARISSame M., III, p. 96, I. 2 1
780 AE2 ,, VIRTVTI Marsadvancingr.
EXERCITVS. M., III, p. 98, IV. 2 1
Antioch
781 AE2 311-312 A.D. GENIOAVGVSTI Genius1. M., III, p. 174, V. 1. 1
Uncertain
782 AE2 Same C., 17 1
783 AE3 CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperor,Jupiter C., 9 1
LICINIUS I 307-328 A.D. (50)

Rome
784 AE3 A.D.
318-3817 SOLIINVICTOCOMITI Sol i. M., I, p. 210, I. 2 1
Arles
785 AE3 317-820A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI AVG Jupiteron M., II, p. 160, VII 2
eagler.
786 AE3 320-828 A.D. LICINIAVGaroundVOTISXX M., II, p. 167, IX 1
Siscia
787 AE2 812-818A.D. IOVICONSERVATORIAVGGNN Jupiter1. M., II, p. 317, I. 1 1
788 AE3 320-323A.D. DN LICINIAVGVSTIWreathwith VOTXX M., II, p. 345, VIII 1
Thessalonica
789 AE2 808-311A.D. GENIOAVGVSTI Genius1. M., II, p. 423, III. 2; p. 425, I. 2 1
790 AE2 812-318A.D. IOVICONSERVATORIAVGGNN Jupiter1. M., II, p. 431, I. 2 4
CATALOGUE 35
791 AE3 320-323A.D. DN LICLICINIAVGVSTIWreathwith M., II, p. 445, VI 1
VOTXX
Heraclea
792 AE2 812-818A.D. AVGG Jupiter1.
IOVICONSERVATORI M., II, p. 567, IV. 3 1
793 AE2 813-817A.D. Same M., II, p. 568, I. 1; p. 579, IV. 1 1
794 AE3 817-320A.D. PROVIDENTIAE
AVGG Campgate M., II, p. 584, I. 2 1
795 AE8 820-828 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORIJupiter1. M., II, p. 590, I. 1 1
Nicomedia
796 AE2 318-814 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI Similar M., III, p. 27, I. 1 4
797* AE8 815-318A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI
AVGG Similar M., III, p. 84, V. 1; p. 88, I. 1 3
798 AE8 318-828A.D. IOVICONSERVATORISimilar M., III, p. 44, I. 1 12

Cyzicus
799 AE2 318-317 A.D. Same. Similar M., III, p. 111, I. 1; p. 117, I. 1; 8
p. 118, I. 2
800 AE8 ,, Same M., III, p. 111, I. 1 1
801 AE 3817-318A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI
AVGG Similar M., III, p. 119, I. 1 2
Antioch
802 AE8 815-317 A.D. Same. Similar M., III, p. 187, II. 1 1
Alexandria
803 AE8 817-818A.D. Same. Similar M., III, p. 268, I. 1 1
Uncertain
804 AE2 IOVICONSERVATORISimilar C., 70 1
805 AE3 Same. Similar C., 74 (1). 86 (1) 2
806 AE8 AVGG Similar
IOVICONSERVATORI C., 112 3
LICINIUS 11 (14)
Ticinum
807 AE3 320-823A.D. DOMINORVM CAESS
NOSTRORVM M., II, p. 272, V. 4 1
Wreathwith VOTV
Arles
808 AE3 320-328 A.D. NOSTRORVMSame
CAESARVM M., II, p. 166, V. 3 1
Siscia
809 AE3 820-823 A.D. Same M., II, p. 845, VI. 3 1
Heraclea
810* AE3 817-320A.D. PROVIDENTIAE
CAESS Campgate M., II, p. 584, II. 1 2
Nicomedia
811 AE3 3818-828A.D. IOVICONSERVATORIJupiter1. M., III, p. 45, I. 3 3
Cyziczus
812 AE3 3817-318A.D. IOVICONSERVATORICAESS Similar M., III, p. 120, II. 1 1
813 AE3 318-828 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI Similar M., III, p. 128, I. 4 2
Antioch
814" AE3 c. 817 A.D. PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate C., 43 1
815 AE3 817-818A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI
CAESS Jupiter1. M., III, p. 193, II. 3 1
Uncertain
816 AE3 IOVICONSERVATORISimilar C., 21 1
3*
CONSTANTINE 1 307-337 A.D. (527; 3 imit.)
Rome
817 AE3 312-313 A.D. SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI Three standards M., I, p. 204, IV. 1 1
818* AE3 312-317 A.D. SOLI INVICTOCOMITI Sol 1. M., I, p. 203, II. 1; p. 210, I. 1 15
819 AE3 320-324 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath M., I, p. 226, IV. 1 2
with VOT XX
Aquileia
820 AE3 320-324 A.D. Same M., I, p. 322, III 2
821 AE3 ,, VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard between M., I, p. 322, IV. 1 1
captives
822 AE3 333-335 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Soldiers with two M., I, p. 333, III. 1 1
standards
Ticinum
823* AE3 313-317 A.D. SOLIINVICTOCOMITI Sol 1. M., II, p. 249, I. 3 2
824 AE3 320-324 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI MAXAVG Wreath M., II, p. 271, III. 1 1
with VOTXX
825 AE3 ,, VIRTVS EXERCITStandard,captives M., II, p. 264, II. 1 1
Treves
826* AE3 320-324 A.D. VICTORIAE
LAETAE
PRINCPERP Two cf. M., I, p. 426f., I. 2 (1) and 2
Victories I. 5 (1)
London
827 AE3 313-317A.D. SOLIINVICTOCOMITI Sol 1. M., II, p. 39, I. 8 1
Lyons
828 AE3 313-317 A.D. Same M., II, p. 102, IV. 1 1
829* AE3 317-320 A.D. VICTORIAELAETPRINC PERP Two cf. M., II, p. 108, I. 4 1
Victories
830* AE3 320-324 A.D. SARMATIA
DEVICTAVictoryadvancingr. cf. M., II, p. 117, VI 1
Arles
831 AE3 317-324A.D. VICTORIAE LAETAEPRINCPERP Two M., II, p. 161, X. 1; p. 165, I 2
Victories
832* AE3 320-324 A.D. SARMATIA DEVICTAVictoryadvancingr. cf. M., II, p. 167, X 1
833* AE3 335-337A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVSSoldierswith one cf. M., II, p. 194, II. 1 1
standard
Siscia
834 AE3 312-313 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI
AVGGNN M., II, p. 317, I. 4 1
Jupiter 1.
835* AE3 317-324A.D. VICTORIAE LAETAE
PRINCPERP Two M., II, p. 336, V. 2 and 4; 4
Victories p. 344, II
836 AE3 324-826 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE AVGG Campgate M., II, p. 352, I 4
837 AE3 330-837 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVSTwo standards M., II, p. 358, I. 1; p. 361, I. 1 1
838 AE3 335-337A.D. Same. Onestandard M., II, p. 362, IV. 1 1
839* AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. C., 716 1
840 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. C., 760 1
Thessalonica
841 AE2 812-813 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI AVGGNN M., II, p. 431, I. 5 1
Jupiter1.
842 AE2 313-320A.D. IOVICONSERVATORISame M., II, p. 433, II. 2; p. 486, I. 2 2
843 AE3 317-320A.D. VICTORIA AVGGNN Victoryadvancing1. M., II, p. 437, V. 2 1
844* AE3 320-324 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI AVGaroundVOTXX C., 119 1
845 AE3 ,, DN CONSTANTINI MAXAVG Wreath M., II, p. 444, III 15
with VOTXX
846 AE8 ,, VIRTVS
EXERCITStandard,captives M., II, p. 448, X. 1 4
CATALOGUE 37
847 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAEAVGG Camp gate M., II, p. 461, I. 1 (5); p. 461, 6
I. 2 (1)
848 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 473, III. 1 and p. 475, I 8
(6); C., 255 (2)
849 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., II, p. 476, IV. 1 1
850* AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. C., 716 4
851 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. C., 760 1
Heraclea
852 AE2 312-313 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORIAVGG Jupiter 1. M., II, p. 567, IV. 2 2
853 AE3 324-326 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath M., II, p. 596, II 4
with VOT XX
854 AE3 ,, Same. Wreath with VOT XXX M., II, pp. 598f., VIII. 1 (1) and 2
3 (1)
855 AE3 833-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 604, III. 1 and p. 606, 7
I. 1 (6); C., 255 (1)
856 AE3 3885-337A.D. Same. One standard M., II, p. 607, II. 1 2
857 AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. M., II, p. 608, II 2
858 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. M., II, p. 608, III 2
Constantinople
859 AE3 324-330 A.D. PROVIDENTIAEAVGG Camp gate M., II, p. 492, I; p. 503, I. 1 1
860 AE3 326-330 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Roma seated 1. M., II, p. 505, V. 1 2
861 AE3 330-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 518, III. 1; p. 529, 23
III. 1; p. 533, I. 1
863 AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. M., II, p. 548, II. 1 23
864 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. M., II, p. 548, I. 1 23
Nicomedia
865 AE3 315-318 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORIAVGG Jupiter 1. M., III, p. 34, V. 2; p. 38, I. 2 1
866* AE3 317-324 A.D. VICTORIAELAETAEPRINC PERP Two C., 635 1
Victories
867 AE3 324-326 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG Wreath M., III, p. 56, VII 1
with VOT XXX
868 AE3 ,, PROVIDENTIAEAVGG Camp gate M., III, p. 53, I. 1 8
869* AE3 ,, PROVIDENTIA(sic) CAESS Same cf. C., 462 1
870* AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 73, I. 1 (16); 17
C., 255 (1)
871 AE3 ,, Same. One standard M., III, p. 74, IV. 1 8
872 AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. M., III, p. 81, XV 13
873 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. M., III, p. 82, XVI 13
Cyzicus
874* AE2 c. 307 A.D. CONSERVATORESKART SVAE Woman C., 73 1
in temple
875 AE2 313-314 A.D. GENIO AVGVSTI Genius 1. M., III, p. 112, II. 2 1
876 AE2 313-317 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORI Jupiter 1. M., III, p. 112, I. 2; p. 118, I. 1 2
877 AE3 317-318 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORIAVGG Similar M., III, p. 119, I. 2 1
878* AE3 320-324 A.D. DN CONSTANTINI MAX AVG C., 123 2
Wreath with VOT XX
879 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAE
AVGG Camp gate M., III, p. 126, I. 1 f. (6); 8
p. 127, I. 3 (2)
880 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 133, III. 2 (1); p. 133, 11
III. 4 and p. 137, III. 1 (10)
881 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., III, p. 138, IV. 1 2
882 AE4 After 337 A.D. VN MR Pietas r. M., III, p. 141, II 21
883 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. M., III, p. 140, I 11
Antioch
884 AE3 315-317A.D. AVGG Jupiter1.
IOVICONSERVATORI M., III, p. 187, II. 2 3
885 AE3 ,, PROVIDENTIAE
AVGG Camp gate M., III, p. 188, IV 1
886* AE3 317-324A.D. VICTORIAE PRINCPERP Two
LAETAE C., 640 2
Victories
887 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAEAVGG Camp gate M., III, p. 202, I. 1 (5); p. 202, 6
I. 2 (1)
888 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 210, I. 1; p. 212, I 13
889 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., III, p. 212, II. 1 4

891 AE4 ,, No legend. Quadriga r. M., III, p. 217, I 2
Alexandria
892 AE3 c. 307 A.D. CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor, Jupiter M., III, p. 232, XIII. 4 1
893* AE3 313-317 A.D. SOLIINVICTOCOMITI Sol l. C., 546 2
894 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard M., III, p. 278, IV. 1 1
Uncertain
896 AE3 SPQR OPTIMO PRINCIPI Three standards C., 558 1
897 AE3 SOLIINVICTOCOMITI Sol 1. C., 536 6
898 AE2 IOVICONSERVATORIJupiter1. C., 283 2
899 AE3 Same C., 291 1
900 AE2 IOVICONSERVATORI
AVGG Similar C., 297 1
901 AE3 Same C., 301 1
902 AE3 Altar
BEATATRANQVILLITAS C., 15 1
903 AE3 VICTORIAE PRINCPERP Two
LAETAE C., 635 (2). 638 (1). 640 (1) 4
Victories
904 AE3 MAXAVG Wreath
DN CONSTANTINI C., 123 5
with VOT XX
905 AE3 Same. Wreath with VOT XXX cf. C., 129 1
906 AE3 VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard, captives C., 690 1
907 AE4 VOTXX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 737 (1). 741 (1) 2
908 AE3 PROVIDENTIAE
AVGG Campgate C., 454 6
909 AE3 CAESS Same
PROVIDENTIAE C., 462 1
910 AE3 GLORIAEXERCITVSTwostandards C., 254 4
911 AE3 Same. One standard C., 250 (8). C? (5) 13
912 AE4 IVSTVENMEM Aequitas1. C., 313 (4). 314 (2) 6
913 AE4 VN MR Pietas r. C., 716 71
914 AE4 No legend. Quadriga r. C., 760 28
915 AE Barbarous imitation of VICTORIAE 3
LAETAEPRINC PERP
FAUSTA (1)
Cyzicus
916" AE3 324-326 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAEEmpress and children C., 6 1
HELEN (17)
Siscia
917 AE3 324-326 A.D. SECVRITASREIPVBLICESecuritas 1. M., II, p. 353, III 1
CATALOGUE 39
Heraclea
918 AE3 324-326 A.D. Same M., II, p. 597, VI 1
Constantinople
919 AE4 335-337 A.D. PAX PVBLICA Pax 1. M., II, p. 535, VI 9
Cyzicus
920* AE4 335-337 A.D. Same C., 4 3
Uncertain
921 AE4 Same C., 4 3
THEODORA (1)
Constantinople
922 AE4 335-337 A.D. PIETASROMANA Pietas r. M., II, p. 536, VII. 2 1
URBS ROMA (90)

Rome
923* AE3 After 333 A.D. No legend. Wolf and twins M., I, p. 255, II 1
Treves
924 AE3 After 330 A.D. Same M., I, p. 479, II 1
Siscia
925 AE3 After 330 A.D. Same M., II, p. 359, III; p. 362, III 2
Thessalonica
926 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., II, p. 473, II; p. 475, III 15
Heraclea
927 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., II, p. 603, I; p. 605 4
Constantinople
928 AE3 After 330 A.D. Same M., II, p. 518, II; p. 528, I; 14
p. 534, II
929 AE3 335-340 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard M., II, p. 538, XII. 1 7
Nicomedia
930 AE3 After 335 A.D. No legend. Wolf and twins M., III, p. 74, III; p. 75, V 4
931* AE4 After 337 A.D. VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 10 2
Cyzicus
932 AE3 After 333 A.D. No legend. Wolf and twins M., III, p. 132, I; p. 137, I 18
Antioch
933 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., III, p. 210, II; p. 213, III 2
Uncertain
934 AE3 Same C., 17 11
935 AE3 GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard C., 1 4
936 AE4 VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 10 5
CONSTANTINOPLE (74)
Arles
937* AE3 After 330 A.D. No legend. Victory 1. M., II, p. 188, II; p. 190, II; 1
p. 195, III
Thessalonica
938 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., II, p. 472, I 5
939 AE4 After 335 A.D. Same M., II, p. 475, II 5
Heraclea
940 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., II, p. 603, II 6
941 AE3 335-340 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard M., II, p. 607, II. 7 3
942* AE3 After 337 A.D. VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 20 1
Constantinople
943 AE3 After 330 A.D. No legend. Victory 1. M., II, p. 518, I. 1; p. 529, II. 1; 7
p. 534, III
944 AE3 335-340 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard M., II, p. 538, XII. 2 6
945* AE4 After 330 A.D. No legend. Wolf and twins C., 24 1
Nicomedia
946 AE3 After 335 A.D. No legend. Victory 1. M., III, p. 74, II 13
947 AE3 335-340 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard M., III, p. 75, IV. 8 1
Cyzicus
948 AE3 After 333 A.D. No legend. Victory 1. M., III, p. 133, II; p. 137, II 10
Antioch
949 AE3 After 333 A.D. Same M., III, p. 210, III 2
Alexandria
950 AE3 After 335 A.D. Same M., III, p. 277, III 1
Uncertain
951 AE3 Same C., 21 5
952 AE3 GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard C., 4f. 4
POPULUS ROMANUS (1)

Constantinople
954 AE4 After 335 A.D. Star in wreath M., II, p. 536, IX 1
CRISPUS (33)
Rome
955 AE3 320-324 A.D. CAESARVMNOSTORVM Wreath with M., I, p. 233, XI. 1 1
VOTX
Aquileia
956 AE3 317-320A.D. IWENTVTISPrince1.
PRINCIPIA M., I, p. 318, III 1
Treves
957 AE3 320-324 A.D. Altar
BEATATRANQVILLITAS M., I, p. 431, V. 24 2
Arles
958 AE3 317-320 A.D. PRINCIPIAIVVENTVTIS Prince 1. M., II, p. 160, VIII 1
959* AE3 317-324 A.D. VICTORIAELAETAEPRINC PERP Two C., 154; cf. M., II, p. 162, XII. 1 1
Victories
960 AE3 320-324 A.D. CAESARVMNOSTRORVM Wreath with M., II, p. 168, XI. 1 1
VOTX
Siscia
961 AE3 320-324 A.D. Same M., II, p. 348, XIII. 1 3
962 AE3 ,, VICT LAETAEPRINC PERP Two Victories M., II, p. 343, I. 7 1
963 AE3 ,, VIRTVSEXERCIT Standard, captives M., II, p. 346, X. 1 1
Thessalonica
964* AE3 317-326 A.D. BEATATRANQVILLITAS Altar C., 19 1
965 AE3 320-324 A.D. CAESARVMNOSTRORVM Wreath with M., II, p. 449, XI. 1 1
VOTX
CATALOGUE 41
966 AE3 320-324 A.D. Same. Wreath with VOT V M., II, p. 443, I. 1 1
Heraclea
968 AE3 317-320 A.D. PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 584, II. 2 2
969 AE3 324-326 A.D. DOMINOR NOSTROR CAESS Wreath M., II, p. 596, III. 1 1
with VOT X
Nicomedia
CAESS Camp gate M., III, p. 54, II. 1 2
Cyzicus
971 AE3 324-326 A.D. Same M., III, p. 127, II. 1 (1); C., 2
116 (1)
Uncertain
972 AE3 IOVICONSERVATORICAESS Jupiter 1. C., 80 (1). 81 (1) 2
973* AE3 PRINCIPIIWENT Prince advancing r. cf. C., 87 1
974 AE3 PRINCIPIAIWENTVTIS Prince r. C., 110 1
975 AE3 CAESARVMNOSTRORVM Wreath with C., 30 1
VOT V
976 AE3 Same. Wreath with VOT X C., 46 1
977 AE3 VICT LAETAEPRINC PERP Two Victories C., 140 1
979 AE3 PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate C., 115 (1). 125 (1) 2
CONSTANTINE 11 337-340 A.D. (168)

Rome
980 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate M., I, p. 238, II. 2 2
Aquileia
981 AE3 320-324 A.D. CAESARVMNOSTRORVM Wreath with M., I, p. 322, I. 5 1
VOT V
Treves
982 AE3 330-333 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., I, p. 481, III. 2 1
Lyons
983 AE3 317-320 A.D. VICTORIAELAETPRINC PERP Two M., II, p. 108, I. 11 1
Victories
Siscia
984 AE3 317-320 A.D. VICTORIAELAETAEPRINC PERP Same M., II, p. 337, V. 8 1
985 AE3 320-324 A.D. VICT LAETAEPRINC PERP Same M., II, p. 343, I. 8 1
986 AE3 ,, CAESARVMNOSTRORVM Wreath with M., II, p. 345, VI. 2 2
VOT V
989 AE3 330-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 358, I. 3; p. 362, I. 2 2
Thessalonica
991 AE3 320-324 A.D. CAESARVMNOSTRORVM Wreath with M., II, p. 443, I. 4 4
VOT V
992* AE3 ,, Same. Wreath with VOT X M., II, p. 449, XI. 2 3
995 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 473, III. 2; p. 475, I 2
997* AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 244 (1). 246 (7) (under 8
Constantine I)
Heraclea
CAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 597, V. 2 5
999 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 604, III. 2; p. 606, I. 2 7
1000 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., II, p. 607, II. 2 3
1001 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same. Two standards C., 253 (Constantine I) 1
1002 AE3 ,, Same. One standard C., 244 (Constantine I) 3
Constantinople
1003 AE3 324-330 A.D. PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 493, II. 2; p. 503, II. 1 1
III. 2; p. 533, I. 2
1006 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 244 (5). 246 (1). 249 (8) (all 14
Constantine I)
Nicomedia
1007 AE3 317-318 A.D. IOVICONSERVATORICAESS Jupiter 1. M., III, p. 38, II. 2 1
1008 AE3 ,, PROVIDENTIAECAESS Same M., III, p. 40, III. 6 1
1009 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 74, I. 2 8
1011 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 246 (2). 249 (5) (Constantine I) 7
Cyzicus
1012 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate M., III, p. 127, II. 3 4
1013 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVSTwo standards M., III, p. 134, III. 5; p. 137, 10
III. 2
1015 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 246 (1). 249 (4) (Constantine I) 5
Antioch
1018 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 253 (Constantine I) 1
Alexandria
1019 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same M., III, p. 276, I. 2 3
Uncertain
1020 AE3 IOVICONSERVATORIJupiter1. C., 133 1
1021 AE3 BEATATRANQVILLITASAltar C., 16 1
1022 AE3 CAESARVMNOSTRORVM Wreath with C., 38 1
VOTX
1024 AE3 PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate C., 165 3
1025 AE3 GLORIAEXERCITVSTwostandards C., 122 6
1026 AE3 Same C., 253 (Constantine I) 2
1027 AE3 Same. One standard C., 114 3
1028 AE3 Same C., 244 (2). 246 (3). 247 (1). 12
249 (6) (all Constantine I)
CONS TANTIUS 11 337-361 A.D. (1855; 3 imit.)

Rome
1029" AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate M., I, p. 238, II. 3 1
1030 AE3 337-340 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard C., 99 1
CATALOGUE 43
1031 AE3 337-361 A.D. SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 188 3
1032 AE4 340-348 A.D. VICTORIAEDD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 293 2
1033 AE4 343-348 A.D. VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 335 1
1034 AE2 348-353 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Soldier, fallen C., 44 2
horseman
1035 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (2). 47 (4) 6
Aquileia
1037 AE3 ,, VICT AVG Victory advancing 1. C., 196 1
1039 AE3 348-361 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 45 (2). 47 (4) 6
Siscia
1040 AE3 330-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 358, I. 2; p. 362, I. 3 1
1044 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (3). 47 (6) 9
Sirmium
1045 AE3 8337-361A.D. SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 188 3
1046 AE2 348-353 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 46 1
1047 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (3). 47 (6) 9
Thessalonica
1049 AE3 3383-337A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 473, III. 3; p. 475, I 6
1051 AE3 887-340 A.D. Same C., 94 1
1052 AE3 A.D.
33887-361 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 188 33
1057 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (30). 47 (52) 82
1058 AE4 ,, Same C., 48 3
1059 AE3 ,, Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 33 (4). 36 (6) 10
1060" AE3 ,, Same. Emperor 1., foot on captive cf. C., 38 1
Heraclea
1061 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate M., II, p. 597, V. 3 2
1062 AE3 3388-337A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 604, III. 3; p. 606, I. 3 6
1063 AE8 835-337 A.D. Same. One standard M., II, p. 607, II. 3 1
1064 AE3 A.D.
33887-340 Same C., 95 (3). 96 (2). 99 (1). 102 (1). 8
103 (1)
1068 AE2 348-353 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Emperor 1., two C., 39 1
seated captives
1069 AE2 ,, Same. Fallen horseman C., 44 (3). 46 (2) 5
1070 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (15). 47 (13) 28
Constantinople
III. 3; p. 533, I. 3
1074 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 99 (2). 102 (19) 21
1077 AE4 340-348 A.D. VICTORIAEDD AVGGQ NN Two C., 293 1
Victories
1079 AE2 348-353 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Emperor driving C., 41 2

captives
1081 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (36). 47 (89) 125
Nicomedia
1082 AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAECAES Camp gate M., III, p. 55, III. 4 3
1083 AE3 ,, PROVIDENTIAECAESS Same M., III, p. 54, II. 4f. 3
1086 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 95 (5). 98 (1). 99 (1). 100 (1). 19
102 (11)
1090 AE2 348-353 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Emperor driving C., 41 1
captives
1092 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (14). 47 (41) 55
1093 AE3 ,, Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 33 1
1094 AE3 ,, Same. Phoenix C., 57 1
Cyzicus
1096 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 134, III. 8; p. 138, 13
III. 3
1098 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 98 (1). 99 (2). 100 (1). 101 (1). 17
10A2(11)".103 (1)
1101 AE3 ,, VICTORIAAVGG Same C., 209 1
VICTORIAE DD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 293 1
1102 AE4 340-348 A.D.
1103 AE4 343-348 A.D. VOT XX MVLT XXX in wreath C., 335 39
1104 AE2 348-353 A.D. FEL TEMP REPARATIO Emperor 1., two C., 39 1
seated captives
1106 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (31). 47 (55) 86
1107 AE3 ,, Same. Phoenix C., 57 2
Antiochl
1108* AE3 324-326 A.D. PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate M., III, p. 202, II. 3 1
CATALOGUE 45
1110 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same. One standard C., 95 (3). 98 (4). 99 (1) 8
1114 AE3 348-361 A.D. Same C., 45 (13). 47 (25) 38
Alexandria
1116 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same. One standard C., 97 (1). 99 (1) 2
Uncertain
1120 AE3 PROVIDENTIAECAESor CAESS Camp gate cf. C., 167f. 3
1121 AE3 GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards C., 104 2
1122 AE3 Same. One standard C., 92 (1). 95-103 (32) 33
1123 AE3 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 188 179
1124 AE3 VICT AVG Victory advancing 1. C., 196 5
1125 AE3 VICTORIAAVGG Same C., 209 1
1126 AE4 VICTORIAEDD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 293 5
1128 AE2 FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 44. 46 16
1129 AE3 Same C., 45. 47 472
1130 AE3 Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 33 1
1131 AE Barbarous imitation FELTEMPREPARATIO 3
Fallen horseman
CONS TANS 1 337-350 A.D. (434)

Rome
1133 AE4 337-350 A.D. SECVRITASREIP Securitas facing C., 102 1
Aquileia
Arles
1137" AE3 337-340 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard cf. C., 62 (PLATE 2) 1
Siscia
1140 AE3 340-348 A.D. VICTORIAEDD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 176 (3). 179 (1) 4
Thessalonica
1142 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 473, III. 4; p. 475, I 1
1144 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 54 (6). 59 (1) 7
1148 AE2 348-350 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Emperor 1. on ship C., 11 1
1149 AE3 ,, Same C., 10 20
Heraclea
1150 AE3 337-340 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard C., 59 (2). 60 (1). 68 (1) 4
Constantinople
1152 AE3 333-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., II, p. 529, III. 4; p. 533, I. 4 3
1153 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same. One standard C., 47 (2). 49 (2). 50 (1) 5
1154 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 54 (1). 59 (5). 60 (21) 27

1155 AE4 337-350 A.D. SECVRITASREIP Securitas facing C., 102 1

1156 AE4 ,, SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 106 1
1157 AE4 ,, VICTAVG Victory advancing 1. C., 119 1
1160 AE2 348-350 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Soldier dragging C., 18 2
captive r.
1161 AE3 ,, Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 10 1
1162 AE3 ,, Same. Fallen horseman C., 16 7
Nicomedia
1163 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard M., III, p. 75, IV. 5 (4); C., 50 (2) 6
1164 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 54 (2). 58 (1). 59 (5). 60 (8) 16
Cyzicus
1166 AE3 383-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards M., III, p. 1834,III. 11; p. 138, 4
III. 4
1168 AE3 337-340 A.D. Same C., 54 (3). 59 (9). 60 (12). 65 (1). 28
68 (3)
1171 AE2 348-350 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Soldier dragging C., 18 1
captive r.
1172 AE2 ,, Same. Fallen horseman C., 15 1
1173 AE3 ,, Same C., 16 2
Antioch
1174 AE3 335-337 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard M., III, p. 218, II. 4 1
1175 AE3 348-348 A.D. VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath C., 196 2
1176 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 197 5
Alexandria
1177 AE3 387-340 A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard C., 53 (1). 59 (1). 67 (1) 3
Uncertain
1180 AE3 GLORIAEXERCITVS Two standards C., 72 (1). 75 (1) 2
1181 AE3 Same. One standard C., 47 (1). 49 (1). 50 (1). 58 (1). 28
54 (4). 59 (5). 60 (11). 62 (1).
65 (1). ? (2)
CATALOGUE 47
1182 AE4 SECVRITASREIP Securitas facing C., 102 1
1183 AE4 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 106 7
1184 AE3 VICTORIAEDD AVGGQ NN Two Victories C., 176 (14). 179 (8) 22
1185 AE3 VOTXV MVLTXX in wreath C., 196 1
1186 AE4 VOTXX MVLTXXX in wreath C., 197 62
1187 AE2 FELTEMPREPARATIOSoldierdragging C., 18 1
captive r.
1188 AE2 Same. Emperor 1. on ship C., 11 1
1189 AE3 Same C., 10 2
1190 AE3 Same. Fallen horseman C., 16 9
1191 AE3 Same. Phoenix C., 22 1

DELMA TIUS (4)

Constantinople
1192 AE3 335-337A.D. GLORIAEXERCITVSOnestandard M., II, p. 535, IV. 5 1
Nicomedia
1193* AE3 335-337 A.D. Same cf. M., III, p. 75, IV. 6 1
Uncertain
1194 AE3 335-337 A.D. Same C., 6 1
1195 AE3 ,, Same. Two standards C., 11 1
VETRANJO 350 A.D. (1)

Thessalonica
1196 AE2 350A.D. CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperorl. C., 1 1
MAGNENTIUS 350-3538A.D. (2)

Treves
1197* AE2 350-358A.D. VICTORIAE DD NN AVGETCAES Two cf. C., 70 1
Victories
Uncertain
CONSTANTIUS GALLUS (123)

Rome
1198 AE3 851-354A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIOFallenhorseman C., 9 1
Siscia
1199 AE8 851-354 A.D. Same C., 10 (1). 12 (1). 14 (1). 18 (1) 4
Sirmium
1200 AE3 351-854 A.D. Same C., 14 1
Thessalonica
1201 AE2 851-354 A.D. CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperor1. C., 3 1
1202 AE3 ,, FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 12 (3). 14 (1). ? (1) 5
Heraclea
1203" AE3 351-354 A.D. Same C., 9 (2). 10 (1). 14 (1). 18 (2). 8
of. 16 (2)
Constantinople
1204 AE2 351-854 A.D. Same C., 8 (8). 11 (1) 4
1205 AE8 ,, Same C., 9 (6). 12 (4). 14 (1). 18 (2) 18
1206* AE3 ,, SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. of. C., 36 2
Nicomedia
1208 AE3 ,, Same C., 9 (6). 10 (1). 18 (2). cf. 16 (1) 10
Cyzicus
1209 AE2 351-354 A.D. Same C., 8 (3). 11 (1) 4
1210 AE3 ,, Same C., 9 (2). 12 (4). 14 (2). 18 (2). 12
cf. 16 (2)
Alexandria
1211 AE3 351-354 A.D. Same C., 18 1
Uncertain
1212 AE2 CONCORDIA MILITVM Emperor 1. C., 1 1

1213 AE2 FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 7 (1). 8 (5). 11 (2) 8
1214 AE3 Same C., 9 (12). 12 (8). 14 (5). 18 (5). 37

of. 16 (1). ? (6)
1215 AE3 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. cf. C., 36 4
JULIAN 11 361-363 A.D. (283)

Rome
Aquileia
Lyons
1219* AE3 355-360 A.D. SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. cf. C., 47 1
1220 AE3 361-363 A.D. Same C., 50 1
Siscia
1222 AE3 361-363 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath C., 151 1
Sirmium
1224 AE3 ,, SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 41 (1). 42 (2) 3
Thessalonica
1225 AE3 355-360 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 9 (1). 16 (1). 19 (8) 10
1226* AE3 ,, SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 41 (1). 43 (1). 45 (5). 47 (1). 9
? (1)
1227 AE1 861-363 A.D. SECVRITASREIPVB Bull r. C., 38 2
1228 AE3 ,, VOT X MVLTXX in wreath C., 151 20
Hera lea
1230 AE3 ,, SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 45 (1). ? (1) 2
1231 AE3 361-363 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath C., 151 1
Constantinople
1232 AE3 355-860 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 14 (2). 16 (1). 18 (1). 19 (7) 11
1233 AE3 ,, SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 42 (2). 43 (1). 45 (7). 47 (1). 15
? (4)
1234 AE3 361-363 A.D. Same C., 48 (1). 51 (2) 3
1235 AE1 ,, SECVRITASREIPVB Bull r. C., 38 2
CATALOGUE 49
Nicomedia
1237* AE3 355-360 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 9 (2). 10 (1). 14 (1). 19 (1). 6
C. NOT (1)
1238* AE3 ,, SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 41 (1). 43 (1). ? (2). C. NOT 5
(1) (PLATE 2)
1239 AE3 861-363 A.D. Same C., 50 2
1240 AE1 ,, SECVRITASREIPVB Bull r. C., 38 1
Cyzicus
1242 AE3 355-360 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 13 (1). 14 (1). 15 (1). 16 (2). 10
19 (3). ? (2)
1243 AE3 ,, SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 45 (1). 47 (3). ? (1) 5
1244 AE3 361-363 A.D. Same C., 51 5

1245 AE1 SECVRITASREIPVB Bull r. C., 38 1

Antioch
1247 AE3 355-360 A.D. FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 14 (1). 18 (1). 19 (2) 4
1248 AE3 ,, SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 42 (1). 45 (1). ? (1) 3
1249 AE3 361-363 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath C., 150 (1). 151 (3) 4
Alexandria
1250 AE3 361-363 A.D. Same C., 151 3
Uncertain
1252* AE3 FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman C., 9 (1). 10 (4). 14 (9). 16 (4). 54
18 (2). 19 (19). ? (13). C.
NOT(2)
1253* AE3 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. C., 41 (2). 42 (1). 43 (7). 44 (1). 64
45 (8). 47 (4). 48 (4). 50 (2).
51 (2). 2 (30). C. NOT (3)
1254 AE3 VICTORIAAVGG Victory advancing 1. C., 52 3
1255 AE3 VOT X MVLTXX in wreath C., 151 6
HOUSE OF CONSTANTINE (1419)

Rome
FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman 1 SECVRITASREIP Securitas facing 1
GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard 2 VICTORIAEDD AVGGQ NN Two Victories 2
Same. One or two standards 1 VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath 1
Aquileia
FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman 1 VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath 1
Siscia
FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman 4 VICTORIAEDD AVGGQ NN Two Victories 1
SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. 1 VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath 2
Sirmium
FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman 2
Thessalonica
FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman 17 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. 9
GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard 4 VICTORIAEDD AVGGQ NN Two Victories 3
Same. One or two standards 2 VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath 4
PROVIDENTIAECAESS Camp gate 1
Heraclea
FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman 5 SPESREIPVBLICEEmperor 1. 1
GLORIAEXERCITVS One standard 2 VICTAVG or VICTORIAAVGG
Same. One or two standards 2 Victory advancing 1. 1
VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath 5
4
Constantinople
FELTEMPREPARATIO Fallen horseman 45 Same. One or two standards 3
Same. Emperor1. on ship 1 Emperor1.
SPESREIPVBLICE 17
GLORIAEXERCITVSTwostandards 2 DD AVGGQNN TwoVictories
VICTORIAE 1
Same. Onestandard 13 VOTXX MVLTXXX in wreath 10
Nicomedia
FELTEMPREPARATIOFallenhorseman 22
GLORIAEXERCITVSTwostandards 1 Emperor1.
SPESREIPVBLICE 7
Same. Onestandard 4 DD AVGGQNN TwoVictories
VICTORIAE 2
Same. Oneor two standards 2 VOTXX MVLTXXX in wreath 11
Cyzicus
FELTEMPREPARATIOFallenhorseman 21 Same. Oneor two standards 1
GLORIAEXERCITVSTwostandards 1 SPESREIPVBLICE Emperor1. 13
Same. Onestandard 7 VOTXX MVLTXXX in wreath 14

Antioch
FELTEMPREPARATIOFallenhorseman 7 VICTAVGor VICTORIA AVGG 1
GLORIAEXERCITVSOnestandard 1 Victoryadvancing1.
Emperor1.
SPESREIPVBLICE 2 VOTXX MVLTXXX in wreath 6
Alexandria
FELTEMPREPARATIOFallenhorseman 1 Emperor1.
SPESREIPVBLICE 1
GLORIAEXERCITVSOnestandard 1 VOTXX MVLTXXX in wreath 1
Uncertain
CONCORDIAMILITVMEmperor1. 1 SPESREIPVBLICE Emperor1. 319
FELTEMPREPARATIOFallenhorseman 517 VICTAVGor VICTORIA AVGG 4
Same. Emperor1. on ship 2 Victoryadvancing1.
GLORIAEXERCITVSTwostandards 8 VICTORIAE DD AVGGQNN TwoVictories 14
Same. Onestandard 62 VICTORIAE LAETAE PRINCPERP TwoVictories 1
Same. Oneor two standards 22 VOTXX MVLTXXX in wreath 146
PROVIDENTIAE CAESS Campgate 2 Uncertaintype 26
JOVIAN 8638-364A.D. (13)

Thessalonica
1256 AE1 363-364A.D. ROMANORVMEmperorr.
VICTORIA C., 23 1
Heraclea
1257 AE3 363-364 A.D. VOTV in wreath C., 31 (1). 32 (1) 2
1258 AE3 ,, VOT V MVLTX in wreath C., 34 2
Constantinople
1259 AE3 363-364 A.D. VOTV in wreath C., 32 1
Cyzicus
1260* AE3 868-864A.D. VOTV MVLTX in wreath C., 35 1
Antioch
VOTV in wreath C., 31 2
1261 AE3 863-364 A.D.
Uncertain
1262 AE3 Same C., 81 (1). 32 (1) 2
1263 AE3 VOTV MVLTX in wreath C., 35 1
VALENTINIAN 1 864-375 A.D. (224; 1 imit.)

Rome
GLORIAROMANORVMEmperor RIC, IX, p. 119, 15a 1
1264 AE3 364-867A.D.
draggingcaptiver.
SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE RIG, IX, pp. 120f., 17a. 24a 3
1265 AE3 364-375A.D. Victory
advancing1.
CATALOGUE 51
Aquileia
1266 AE8 364-867 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 95, 9a 1
1267 AE3 364-375 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, pp. 95f., 7a. 11a 2
Siscia
1268* AE8 864-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 146, 5a 2
1269 AE3 ,, SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, p. 146, 7a 2
1270 AE3 867-875 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 147, 15 a 2
1271* AE8 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 147, 14a 2
Thessalonica
1272 AE3 864-867 A.D. RESTITVTORREIP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 176, 17a 1
1273 AE3 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 176, 16a 13
1275 AE8 367-375 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 178, 27 a 9

1276 AE8 ,, GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 178, 26a 12
Heraclea
Constantinople
1278 AE1 8
364-367 A.D. RESTITVTORREIPVBLICAEEmperor r. RIC, IX, p. 214, 15 1
1279 AE3 ,, RESTITVTORREIP Same RIC, IX, p. 215, 20a 4
1280 AE3 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 214, 16a 12
Nicomedia
1284 AE3 ,, GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 252, 9a 3
Cyzicus
1285 AE3 864-867 A.D. RESTITVTORREIP Emperor 1. RIC, IX, p. 240, 10a 1
1286 AE8 864-875 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, pp. 240f., 8a. 12a 7
1287 AE3 ,, SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, p. 241, 11a. 13a 10
Antioch
1288 AE3 364-867 A.D. RESTITVTORREIP Emperor 1. RIC, IX, p. 274, 11 a 1
1289 AE3 864-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 274, 10a; p. 281, 35a 7
1290 AE3 ,, SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, p. 275, 12a; p. 281, 86a 4
Alexandria
1291 AE3 864-367 A.D. RESTITVTORREIP Emperor 1. RIC, IX, p. 298, 2a 1
1292 AE3 864-375 A.D. SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, pp. 298f., 3a. 5a 3
Uncertain
1293 AE3 RESTITVTORREIP Emperor 1. C., 21 2
1294 AE3 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive C., 12 36
1295 AE3 SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory C., 87 43
1296 AE Barbarous imitation of SECVRITAS 1
REIPVBLICAE
VALENS 864-378 A.D. (521)

Rome
1297* AE3 364-367 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 119, 15b 1
1298 AE3 364-378 A.D. SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, pp. 120-122, 17b. 6
24b. 28b
4*
Treves
1299* AE3 367-375 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 20, 32b 1
Arles
1300 AE3 375-378 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 66, 18a 1
Siscia
1301* AE3 364-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 146, 5b 4
1302 AE3 ,, SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, p. 146, 7b 2
1303 AE3 367-375 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 147, 15b 9
1304 AE3 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 147, 14b 1
Thessalonica

1306 AE3 ,, SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, p. 176, 18b 62

1307 AE3 3867-375A.D. Same RIG, IX, p. 178, 27b 15
1308 AE3 ,, GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 178, 26b 36
Heraclea
1309 AE3 364-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, pp. 191f., 3b-c 4
1310 AE3 ,, SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, p. 192, 5b-c 1
Constantinople
1311* Arg. 864-367 A.D. VOT V in wreath cf. RIC, IX, p. 211, 11 h-i 1
(PI.)
1312 AE3 364-367 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 214, 16b-c 25
1315 AE3 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 220, 41b 5
Nicomedia
1316 AE3 364-367 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 252, 9b-c 10
1317 AE3 ,, RESTITVTORREIP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 252, 11b 1
Cyzicus
1319 AE3 364-367 A.D. RESTITVTORREIP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 241, 10b 1
1320 AE3 364-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, pp. 240f., 8b. 12b 17
1321 AE3 ,, SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, p. 241, 11 b. 13b 27
Antioch
1323 AE3 364-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 274, 10b-c; p. 281, 7
35b
Alexandria
1324 AE3 364-375 A.D. Same RIG, IX, pp. 298f., 1b. 4b 1
1325 AE3 ,, SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, pp. 298f., 3b. 5b 1
Uncertain
1326 AE3 RESTITVTORREIP Emperor r. C., 29 3
1328 AE3 SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory C., 47 111
PRO COPIUS 365-366 A.D. (5)

Constantinople
1329 AE3 365-366 A.D. REPARATIOFELTEMP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 215, 18 1
1330" AE4 ,, No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 78, 150 3
CATALOGUE 53
Cyzicus
1331 AE3 365-366 A.D. REPARATIOFELTEMP Emperor r. RIC, IX, p. 240, 9 1
GRATIAN 367-383A.D. (165)

Rome
1332 AE3 367-375 A.D. SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIG, IX, p. 121, 24c 2
1333 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor raising RIC, IX, p. 125, 43a 8
woman
Aquileia
1334* Sil. 378-383 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Roma seated RIC NOT (PLATE 2) 1
(P1.)
1335 AE2 ,, REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 100, 30a 5

1336 AE3 ,, CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated RIC, IX, p. 101, 32a 1
1337 AE4 ,, VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 102, 38a 1
Arles
1338 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIG, IX, p. 67, 20a 1
Siscia
1339 AE3 367-375 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIG, IX, p. 147, 14c-d 2
1340 AE3 ,, SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, p. 147, 15c 1
1341 AE2 378-383A.D. REIPVBEmperor,woman
REPARATIO RIC, IX, p. 150, 26a 4
1342 AE4 ,, VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 152, 31a 1
Thessalonica
1343 AE3 367-375 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 178, 26c 8
1345 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 181, 37a 27
1346 AE3 ,, VIRTVSROMANORVM Roma seated RIC, IX, p. 182, 42 1
1347 AE4 ,, -VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 182, 43 5
Heraclea
1348 AE4 378-383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 196, 18a 1
1349 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 196, 20a 6
Constantinople
1350 AE3 367-375 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 220, 41 c 7
1351 AE3 ,, SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIGC,IX, p. 221, 42c 3
1352 AE4 378-383 A.D. VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 64a 2
Nicomedia
1354 AE3 ,, CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated RIC, IX, p. 258, 30a 1
1355 AE4 ,, VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 259, 37 a 2
1356 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 259, 39a 4
Cyzicus
1359 AE4 378-383 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 21a 3
1360 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath RIGC,IX, p. 244, 22a 9
Antioch
1361 AE3 367-375 A.D. SECVRITASREIPVBLICAEVictory RIC, IX, p. 281, 36c 1
Alexandria
Uncertain
1365 AE3 SECVRITAS
REIPVBLICAE
Victory C., 34 13
1366 AE2 REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman C., 30 8
1367 AE3 CONCORDIAAVGGG Romaseated C., 3 1
1368 AE4 VOT V in wreath C., 64 2
1369 AE4 VOTXV MVLTXX in wreath C., 75 4

VALENTINIAN II 375-392 A.D. (514)

Rome
1371 AE2 378-383A.D. REPARATIO
REIPVBEmperor,woman RIC, IX, p. 126, 43b-c 5
1372 AE3 ,, VICTORIA
AVGGG, Victoryadvancing1. RIC, IX, p. 127, 48b 1
1373 AE4 383-388 A.D. Same. Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 130, 57a-b 13
Aquileia
1374 AE2 378-383A.D. REPARATIO
REIPVBEmperor,woman RIC, IX, p. 100, 30b-c 2
1375 AE4 383-388 A.D. VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 104, 47a 2
1376 AE4 388-392 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAEVictory dragging RIC, IX, p. 106, 58a 1
cap tive 1.
Siscia
1377 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 150, 26b 3
1378 AE4 ,, VOT V MVLTX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 151, 29b 1
1379 AE4 384-387 A.D. VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. RIC, IX, p. 155, 39a 4
Thessalonica
1380 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 181, 37b-c 16
1381 AE3 ,, VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. RIC, IX, p. 182, 41 1
1383 AE3 384-388 A.D. VIRTVSAVGGG Emperor 1. on ship RIC, IX, p. 186, 61a 48
1384 AE3 ,, GLORIA REIPVBLICECamp gate RIC, IX, p. 186, 59a 21
1385 AE4 ,, Same RIC, IX, p. 186, 62a 29
1386 AE4 ,, VICTORIAAVG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 187, 63a 12
1387 AE4 388-392 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAE
Victory,captive RIC, IX, p. 188, 65a 31
Heraclea
1388 AE4 378-383 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 196, 19b 8
1389 AE4 388-392 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 198, 26a 7
Constantinople
1391 AE4 ,, VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 62a 1
1392 AE4 ,, VOT V MVLTX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 228, 59a 1
1393 AE4 ,, VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 63a 10
1394" AE4 383-388 A.D. VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories RIC NOT 1
1395 AE4 388-392 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 234, 86a 58
Nicomedia
1397 AE4 ,, VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 259, 37b 1
CATALOGUE 55
Cyzicus
1400 AE4 378-383 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 21 b 14
1401 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 22b 1
1402 AE4 388-392 A.D. SALVS REIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 246, 26a 22
Antioch
1403 AE2 378-383 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 284, 42c 1
1404 AE4 378-388 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 289, 56b; p. 292, 65a 1
Alexandria
1407 AE4 378-388 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, pp. 301f., 13b. 19a 2
1408 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 301, 14 1
Uncertain
1410 AE2 REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman C., 26. 28 13
1411 AE4 VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. C., 46 3
1414 AE4 VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories C. NOT 2
1415 AE4 SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive C., 30 86
THEODOSIUS 1 379-395 A.D. (1055)

Rome
1416 AE2 379-383 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIGC,IX, p. 126, 43d 4
1417 AE4 ,, VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 128, 51 d 1
1418 AE4 383-387 A.D. VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 131, 57c 13
1419 AE4 388-395 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 133, 64b; p. 136, 69 3
Aquileia
1420 AE4 379-383 A.D. VOT V MVLTX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 102, 36d 1
1421 AE2 379-388 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 100, 30d; p. 103, 42b 4
1422 AE3 383-388 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive RIC, IX, p. 104, 45b 2
1423 AE4 ,, VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 104, 47b 3
1424 AE4 388-393 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 106, 58b 5
Siscia
1425 AE3 379-383 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Roma seated RIC, IX, p. 151, 27d 1
1426 AE4 ,, VOT V MVLTX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 152, 29d 2
1427 AE4 379-387 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 152, 30b; p. 154, 37b 4
1429 AE4 ,, VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. RIC, IX, p. 155, 39b 1
1430" AE4 388 A.D. and SALVS REIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC NOT 1
(?)later
Thessalonica
1431 AE2 379-383 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 181, 37d 6
1432 AE3 ,, CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople RIC, IX, p. 182, 38 1
seated
1435 AE3 ,, VIRTVSAVGGG Emperor on ship RIC, IX, p. 186, 61b 133
1436 AE3 ,, GLORIA REIPVBLICECamp gate RIC, IX, p. 186, 59b 29
1437 AE4 ,, Same RIC, IX, p. 187, 62b 34
1438 AE4 ,, VICTORIAAVG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 187, 63b 50
Heraclea
1440 AE4 379-383 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 196, 19c 7
1441 AE2 383-388 A.D. VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor r., foot on RIC, IX, p. 197, 24b 1
captive
Constantinople
1443 AE2 379-383 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 226, 54c 1
1444* AE4 ,, VOT V in wreath RIC NOT 1
1445 AE4 ,, VOT V MVLTX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 228, 59b 1
1446 AE4 ,, VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 63b 15
1447 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 64b 2
1448* AE3 383-388A.D. AVGGG Emperoron ship
VIRTVS RIC NOT 1
1449 AE4 388-395 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 234, 86b; p. 236, 90a 104
1450 AE3 392-395 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on RIC, IX, p. 236, 89a 1
horseback
Nicomedia
1452 AE2 379-388 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on ship RIC, IX, p. 257, 25c; p. 260, 40b 2
1453 AE4 388-395 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, pp. 262f., 45b. 48a 31
Cyzicus
1454 AE4 379-383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 20c 1
1455 AE4 ,, VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 21 c 43
1456 AE4 ,, VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 19 1
1457 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 22c 9
1458 AE2 379-388 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor on ship RIC, IX, p. 242, 14c; p. 245, 23 1
horseback
Antioch
1461 AE2 379-383 A.D. REPARATIOREIPVB Emperor, woman RIC, IX, p. 284, 42d 1
1462 AE4 379-388 A.D. VOTX MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 289, 560; p. 292, 65b 4
1463 AE4 383-395 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAE
Victory,captive RIC, IX, p. 293, 67b; p. 295, 70a 13
Alexandria
1464 AE4 379-388 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, pp. 301f., 13c. 19b 4
horseback
Uncertain
1467 AE2 REPARATIO
REIPVBEmperor,woman C., 27 3
1468 AE3 CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated C., 6 2
1469 AE3 Same. Roma seated C., 14 1
CATALOGUE 57
1470 AE4 VOT V MVLTX in wreath C., 65 5
1472 AE4 VOT XV MVLTXX in wreath C. NOT 1
1473 AE4 VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath C. NOT 5
1474 AE4 VOT? MVLT? in wreath 8
1475 AE3 GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor, captive C., 23 3
1476 AE3 VIRTVSAVGGG Emperor on ship C., 51 12
1477 AE4 VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. C., 41 2
1478 AE4 Same. Two Victories C., 43 6
1479 AE4 VICTORIAAVG or AVGGG Same 7

THEODOSIUS I or 11 (12)
Uncertain
1481 AE Uncertain type 12
FLACCILLA (13)
Constantinople
1482 AE4 383 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory seated r. RIC, IX, p. 229, 61 2
Heraclea
1483 AE4 383 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 196, 17 3
1484 AE2 383-388 A.D. Same. Empress facing RIC, IX, p. 197, 25 1
Nicomedia
1485 AE4 383 A.D. Same. Victory seated r. RIC, IX, p. 259, 36 4
Antioch
1486 AE4 383-388 A.D. Same RIC, IX, p. 289, 54; p. 291, 64 2
Uncertain
1487 AE4 Same C., 5 1
MAXIMUS 384-388 A.D. (5)

Aquileia
1488 AE4 387-388 A.D. SPESROMANORVM Camp gate RIC, IX, p. 105, 55a 1
Lyons
Arles
Uncertain
1491 AE4 Same C., 7 2
VICTOR 384-388 A.D. (4)

Aquileia
1492 AE4 387-388 A.D. SPESROMANORVM Camp gate RIC, IX, p. 105, 55b 2
Uncertain
1493 AE4 Same C., 3 2
EUGENIUS 392-394 A.D. (4)

Rome
1494 AE4 393-394 A.D. SPESROMANORVM Victory advancing 1. RIC, IX, p. 134, 65b 1
Aquileia
1495 AE4 393-394 A.D. Same RIGC,IX, p. 107, 59 1
Uncertain
1496 AE4 Same C., 5 1
1497* AE4 SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive C., 3 1
ARCADIUS 383-408 A.D. (1012)

Rome
1498* AE4 383-387 A.D. VICTORIAAVGGG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 131, 57 d-e 6
1499 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 133, 64c; p. 136, 69 3
1500 AE3 394-395 A.D. VRBS ROMA FELIX Roma r. RIC, IX, p. 135, 67c 1
Aquileia
1502 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 106, 58c 1
Siscia
1503 AE4 384-387A.D. VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. RIC, IX, p. 155, 39 c-d 2
1504* AE4 388 A.D. and SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC NOT 1
(?) later
Thessalonica
1505 AE4 383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 184, 48b 1
1506* AE4 ,, VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC NOT 1
1508 AE3 ,, VIRTVSAVGGG Emperor on ship RIC, IX, p. 186, 61 c 65
1509 AE3 ,, GLORIA REIPVBLICECamp gate RIC, IX, p. 186, 59c 20
1510 AE4 ,, Same RIC, IX, p. 187, 62c 32
1511 AE4 ,, VICTORIAAVG Two Victories RIC, IX, p. 187, 63c 22
1512 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 188, 65 c 29
Heraclea
1513 AE4 383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 196, 18b 5
1515 AE3 395-400 A.D. VIRTVSEXERCITI Victory crowning emperor Pearce, p. 81, 19 1
1516 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 81, 20 5
Constantinople
1517 AE3 383 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Constantinople seated RIG, IX, p. 228, 57f. 1
1518 AE4 ,, VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 229, 62b 11
1519 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 234, 86c; p. 236, 90b 125
1520 AE3 395-400 A.D. VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory Pearce, p. 78, 137 8
1521 AE3 395-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated Pearce, p. 76, 126 2
1522 AE4 ,, CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 78, 138 15
1523 AE4 ,, CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Same 1
1524 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Same Pearce, p. 78, 139a 6
Nicomedia
1525 AE4 383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 259, 37c 3
1526 AE4 888-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIGC,IX, pp. 262f., 45c. 48b 32
1529 AE4 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors Pearce, p. 88, 39 1
CATALOGUE 59
Cyzicus
1530 AE4 383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 20d 29
1531 AE4 ,, VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 244, 21 d 3
1532 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, pp. 246f., 26c. 30b 51
1534 AE3 395-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated Pearce, p. 82, 11 4
1535 AE4 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce, p. 84, 25 1
with shields
1536 AE4 400-408 A.D. Same. Three emperors Pearce, p. 84, 27 8
1537 AE4 ,, CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 83, 24 21
Antioch
1538 AE4 383 A.D. VOT V in wreath RIC, IX, p. 289, 55 1
1539 AE4 ,, VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 289, 56d 15

1540 AE4 ,, VOT XX MVLTXXX in wreath RIC, IX, p. 289, 58c 2
1541 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 293, 67d; p. 295, 70b 11
Alexandria
1544 AE4 383 A.D. VOT X MVLTXX in wreath RIC, IX, pp. 301f., 13d. 19c-d 2
1545 AE4 388-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, pp. 303f., 20c. 23b 6
1546 AE4 895-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 98, 20 7
1547 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Same Pearce, p. 98, 21 2
Uncertain
1548 AE4 VOT V in wreath Sab., 47 23
1549 AE4 VOTX MVLTXX in wreath Sab., 48 18
1550 AE3 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, captive Sab., 36 1
1551 AE4 VICTORIAAVGGG Victory 1. Sab. NOT 3
1552 AE4 Same. Two Victories Sab. NOT 4
1553* AE4 SALVS REIPVBLICAEVictory, captive Sab., 41 266
1554 AE2 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor with globe Sab., 35 or 37 2
1555 AE3 VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory Sab., II, p. 341 7
1556 AE3 CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated cf. Sab., 31 4
1557 AE4 CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath Sab. NOT 3
1558 AE4 CONCORDIAAVGor AVGGG Same 16
1559 AE4 GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Sab. NOT 4
with shields
1560 AE4 Same. Three emperors Sab., 38 6
1561 AE4 CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Sab., 32 21
ARCADIUS or HONORIUS (21; 2 imit.)

Constantinople
1562 AE3 395-400A.D. VIRTVS
EXERCITIEmperor,Victory 1
Nicomedia
1563 AE3 395-400 A.D. Same 1
Antioch
1564 AE3 895-400A.D. Same 2
1565 AE4 400-408 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVMThreeemperors 2
1566 AE4 ,, CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath 1
Alexandria
1567 AE4 400-408 A. D. Same 1
Uncertain
1568 AE3 VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory 13
1569 AE Barbarous imitation of VIRTVSEXERCITI 2
EUDOXIA (6)
Constantinople
1570 AE4 895-404 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory seated Pearce, p. 78, 144 3
Cyzicus
1571 AE4 395-404 A.D. Same Pearce, p. 84, 29 1
Uncertain
1572 AE3 GLORIAROMANORVMEmpressseated Sab., 5 2
HONORIUS 393-423 A.D. (304)

Rome
1573 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, pp. 133f., 64d-e; 2
p. 136, 69
1574 AE4 395-400 A.D. VICTORIAAVGG Victory 1. Pearce, p. 24, 83; p. 57, 83 6
1575 AE3 395-408 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor, two Pearce, p. 22, 70 2
captives
1576 AE3 ,, Same. Emperor with shield Pearce, p. 57, 70a 1
Aquileia
1577 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 107, 58d 1
Thessalonica
1578 AE4 395-408 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce, p. 41, 41 5
with shields
Heraclea
1579 AE4 395-408 A.D. Same Pearce, p. 81, 21 7
1580* AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 2
1581* AE4 408-423 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce NOT 2
with globe
Constantinople
with shields
1585 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 78, 139a 1
1587 AE4 408-423 A.D. Same. Two emperors with globe Pearce, p. 78, 140 13
Nicomedia
with shields
CATALOGUE 61
Cyzicus
1594 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 247, 300 7
1596 AE4 395-408 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce, p. 84, 25 6
with shields
1598 AE4 ,, GLORIAROMANORVM Three emperors Pearce, p. 84, 27 6
Antioch
1600 AE3 393-395 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor on RIC, IX, p. 295, 69e 1
horseback
1601 AE4 393-400 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory, captive RIC, IX, p. 295, 70e 2
1602 AE4 400-408 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors Pearce, p. 96, 57 8
Alexandria
1604 AE4 395-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVG Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 98, 20 5
1605 AE4 ,, CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Same 1
1606 AE4 400-408 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors Pearce, p. 98, 23 1
Uncertain
1607* AE4 VOT V in wreath C. NOT (PLATE 2) 1
1608 AE3 GLORIAROMANORVM Emperor on C., 23 1
horseback
1609 AE3 Same. Emperor with standard, globe C., 21 1
1611 AE3 VIRTVSEXERCITI Emperor, Victory C., 56 9
1612 AE3 GLORIA ROMANORVM Emperor with C. NOT 1
shield
1613 AE3 Same. Emperor, two captives C., 24 2
1614 AE4 Same. Two emperors with shields C., 26 16
1615 AE3 CONCORDIA AVGG Roma seated C., 4 1
1616 AE4 VICTORIAAVGG or AVGGG Victory 1. cf. C., 39 7
1617 AE4 CONCORDIA AVG or AVGGG Cross 2
1618 AE4 CONCORDIA AVGGG Same C. NOT 6
1619 AE4 GLORIAROMANORVM Three emperors C., 28 10
1620 AE4 Same. Two emperors with globe C., 27 31
1621 AE4 SPESROMANORVM Cross C., 33 2
THEODOSIUS II 400-450 A.D. (334)

Thessalonica
1622 AE4 400-408 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce, p. 41, 41 5
with shields
1623* AE4 425-450 A.D. No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 10
Heraclea
1624" AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 1
Constantinople
1625 AE4 400-408 A.D. Same Pearce, p. 78, 189a 4
1626 AE3 ,, GLOR ORVISTERRAR Emperor with Pearce, p. 76, 127 2
standard and globe
1627 AE4 400-408 A.D. GLORIAROMANORVM Three emperors Pearce, p. 78, 142 2
1628 AE4 ,, Same. Two emperors with shields Pearce, p. 78, 141 4
1630* AE4 425-450 A.D. No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 45
1631 AE4 ,, Same. Monogramin wreath Pearce, p. 78, 151 1
1632 AE4 ,, VT XXX V in wreath Pearce, p. 78, 149 8
Nicomedia
1634* AE4 408-450 A.D. GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Pearce NOT 1
with globe
1635 AE4 425-450 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Victory with wreaths cf. Pearce, p. 88, 36a 2
1636* AE4 ,, No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 8
Cyzicus
1637 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath cf. Pearce, p. 83, 24 7
1639 AE4 425-450 A.D. No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce, p. 84, 34 20
Antioch
1640 AE4 400-408 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Pearce NOT 3
1641* AE4 ,, GLORIA ROMANORVM Three emperors Pearce NOT 4
Uncertain
1642 AE4 Same Sab., 29 6
1643 AE4 CONCORDIA AVGGG Cross in wreath Sab., 26 35
1644 AE4 GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors Sab., 28 12
with shields
1645 AE4 Same. Two emperors with globe Sab. NOT 2
1646 AE4 CONCORDIA AVGG Victory with Sab. NOT 5
wreaths
1647 AE4 VICTORIAAVGG Same Sab., 30 2
1648 AE4 No legend. Cross in wreath Sab., 32f. 112
1649 AE4 VT XXX V in wreath Sab., 31 10
EUDOCIA (2)
Uncertain
1650 AE4 421-450 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory seated Sab., 6 2
PLACIDIA (1)
Uncertain
1651 AE4 421-450 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICAECross C., 111
JOHANNES 423-425 A.D. (1)

Rome
1652 AE4 423-425 A.D. SALVSREIPVBLICEVictory, captive Pearce Add., p. 107, 78 1
VALENTINIAN 111 425-455 A.D. (9)

Rome
1653" AE4 425-455 A.D. VOT XX in wreath of. Pearce Add., p. 108 1
(PLATE 2)
1654 AE4 ,, VICTORIAAVGG Two Victories C., 15f. 1
CATALOGUE 63
Thessalonica
1655 AE4 425-455 A.D. Same C., 16 1
Cyzicus
1656 AE4 425-455 A.D. CONCORDIA AVGG Victory with wreaths Pearce Add., p. 4, before 24 1
1657* AE4 ,, No legend. Cross in wreath Pearce NOT; C. NOT 1
Uncertain
1658 AE4 GLORIA ROMANORVM Two emperors cf. Pearce, p. 78, 140 2
with globe
1659 AE4 SALVSREIPVBLICAEVictory with trophy cf. C., 5 ("wreath") 1
dragging captive 1.
1660 AE4 VICTORIAAVGG Two Victories C., 15f. 1
MARCIAN 450-457 A.D. (107)

Ravenna
1661 AE4 450-457 A.D. Monogramin wreath Sab., 11 1
Thessalonica
1662 AE4 450-457 A.D. Same Sab., 11 7
Heraclea
1663* AE4 450-457 A.D. Same Sab., 11 2
Constantinople
1664 AE4 450-457 A.D. Same Sab., 11 29
Nicomedia
1665 AE4 450-457 A.D. Same Sab., 11 12
Antioch
1666* AE4 450-457 A.D. Same Sab., 11 1
Uncertain
1667 AE4 Same Sab., 11 (54). 12 (1) 55
LEO I 457-474 A.D. (152)

Constantinople
1668 AE4 457-474 A.D. Emperor and captive Sab., 14 6
1669 AE4 ,, Emperor with long cross Sab., 16 1
1670 AE4 ,, Lion 1. Sab., 19 (2). 20 (19). ? (6) 27
1671 AE4 ,, Monogram Sab., 18 3
Uncertain
1672* AE4 Emperor and captive Sab., 14 9
1673 AE4 Emperor with sceptre Sab., 15 48
1674 AE4 Emperor with long cross Sab., 16 6
1675 AE4 Lion 1. Sab., 19 (26). 20 (10). ? (8) 44
1676 AE4 Monogram Sab., 17 (3). 18 (4) 7
SEVER US III 461-465 A.D. (1)

Uncertain
1677* AE4 461-467 A.D. Monogram cf. C., 18 (PLATE 2) 1
ZENO 474-491 A.D. (2)

Thessalonica
1678" AE4 474-491 A.D. Monogram cf. Sab., 19 1
Uncertain
1679 AE4 Similar Sab., 19 1
VALENTINIAN I - VALENTINIAN 111 (1014)
Rome
[ ] Campgate 1 VICTORIA
AVG,AVGGor AVGGG 1
Two Victories
Aquileia
SALVSREIPVBLICAE
Victory,captive 1 VICTORIA
AVG,AVGGor AVGGG 1
Two Victories
Thessalonica
GLORIAREIPVBLICE
Campgate 5 VICTORIAAVG,AVGGor AVGGG 1
GLORIAROMANORVMEmperor,captive 8 TwoVictories
SALVSREIPVBLICAE
Victory,captive 4 VIRTVSAVGGG Emperoron ship 17
REIPVBLICAE
SECVRITAS Victory1. 10 VOTX MVLTXX in wreath 1
Heraclea
SALVSREIPVBLICAE 1 VOTXV MVLTXX in wreath 1
Victory,captive
Constantinople
CONCORDIAAVGor AVGGG Cross 3 SALVSREIPVBLICAE
Victory,captive 28
GLORIAROMANORVMEmperor,captive 8 SECVRITAS
REIPVBLICAEVictory1. 8
Same. Emperor on horseback 1 VOT X MVLTXX in wreath 1
Nicomedia
CONCORDIAAVGor AVGGG Cross 3 SALVSREIPVBLICAE
Victory,captive 3
GLORIAROMANORVMTwo emperorswith 1 SECVRITAS
shields AVGGG Victory1.
VICTORIA 1
Cyzicus
CONCORDIAAVGor AVGGG Cross 1 REPARATIOREIPVBEmperor,woman 1
GLORIAROMANORVMEmperor,captive 4 SALVSREIPVBLICAE
Victory,captive 9
Same. Threeemperors 1 SECVRITAS
Same. Uncertaintype 1 VOTXX MVLTXXX in wreath 2
Antioch
GLORIAROMANORVMEmperor,captive 4 SECVRITAS Victory1.
REIPVBLICAE 5
SALVSREIPVBLICAE
Victory,captive 9
Uncertain
CONCORDIAAVGor AVGGG Cross 26 SECVRITAS REIPVBLICAE Victory1. 191
GLORIAROMANORVMEmperoron ship 1 VRBSROMAFELIX Emperorwith standard 1
Same. Emperor,captive 187 VICTORIA AVG,AVGGor AVGGG 27
Same. Emperor,two captives 1 TwoVictories
Same. Twoemperorswith shields 6 VICTORIA AVGGG Victory1. 13
Same. Twoemperorswith globe 8 VOTV in wreath 7
Same. Threeemperors 15 VOTV MVLTX in wreath 1
Same. Uncertaintype 9 VOTX MVLT XX in wreath 13
REPARATIO REIPVBEmperor,woman 10 VOTXV MVLTXX in wreath 4
RESTITVTOR REIP Emperor1. 4 VOTXX MVLTXXX in wreath 23
SALVSREIPVBLICAE Victory,captive 295 VOT? MVLT? in wreath 4
Cross (? with or withoutlegend) 12
ROMANIMPERIALUNCLASSIFIED (6485)
FirstandsecondcenturiesA.D. 38 Late fourthand fifth centuriesA.D. 2869
ThirdcenturyA.D. 146
FourthcenturyA.D. 3354 Uncertainperiod 28
"VANDALIOC"COINAGE
(4796)
VANDAL KINGS
HILDERIC 523-530 A.D. (2)

1680 AE Bust of Hildericr./Crosspotent BMC,p. 14, 9f. 2
CATALOGUE 65
GELIMER 530-538 A.D. (6)
1681 AE Bust of Gelimer r./Monogramof Gelimer BMC, p. 16, 4-6 6
VANDAL PERIOD
Victory (310)
1682* AE Bust of Honorius r./Victory advancing 1. BMC, pp. 17f., 1-11 118
1683* AE Bust of Valentinian III r./Same BMC, p. 18, 12-14 14
1684 AE Uncertain bust r./Similar BMC, pp. 19-22, 15-41 121
1685* AE Bust of Theodosius II r./Victory facing with wreaths BMC, p. 22, 42 4
1686 AE Uncertain bust r./Similar BMC, p. 22, 43 1

1687* AE Bust of Theodosius I r./Victory, captive BMC NOT (PLATE 2) 1

1688* AE Bust of Valentinian III r./Same BMC, pp. 22f., 44-48 48
1689* AE Bust of Leo I r./Same BMC NOT 2
1690* AE Uncertain bust r./Two Victories BMC NOT 1
Roma (5)
1691 AE Uncertain bust r./Roma(?) seated BMC, p. 23, 49f. 5
Emperor (88)
1692 AE Bust of Theodosius I r./Emperor r. with labarum BMC, p. 24, 52 4
1693 AE Bust of Valentinian III r./Emperor 1. BMC, pp. 24f., 53 (2). 56 (4) 6
1694 AE Uncertain bust r./Emperor 1. or r. BMC, pp. 24f., 54-55. 57-60 23
1695 AE Uncertain bust r./Two emperors with globe BMC, p. 25, 61f. 1
1696 AE Uncertain bust r./Emperor, captive BMC, p. 26, 63f. 4
Lion (5)
1697 AE Uncertain bust r./Lion 1. or r. BMC, p. 26, 65f. (2). 67 (3) 5
Palm tree (7)

1698 AE Uncertain bust r./Palm tree with fruit BMC, pp. 26f., 68-72 7
Camp gate (12)

1699 AE Bust of Valentinian III r./Camp gate BMC, p. 27, 73-80 8
1700 AE Uncertain bust r./Same BMC, p. 27, 81f. 4
Inscription (14)
1701 AE in
Bust of Justinian r./VOT XIII wreath
I BMC, pp. 28f., 86-93 11
1702 AE Uncertain bust r./ OT
XXT in wreath BMC NOT, of. p. 28, 85 1
X
1703 AE Uncertain bust r./XX BMC NOT 1
1704 AE Uncertain bust r./VOT (blundered) in wreath BMC NOT 1
V
Monogramor Letter (706)

1705 AE Bust of Theodosius II r./Monogramof Theodosius BMC, pp. 29f., 94 (1). 97 (1) 2
1706 AE Bust of Marcian r./Monogram of Marcian BMC, pp. 30f., 98-105 (110). 134
106-108 (11). 109 (1).? (12)
1707* AE Bust of Leo I r./Monogram of Leo BMC, p. 31, 110-117 (99). 128
118 (29)
1708 AE Bust of Zeno r./Monogram of Zeno BMC, p. 32, 119-122 (21). 47
123-126 (17). 127 (9)
5
1709* AE Bust of Anastasius r./Monogram of Anastasius BMC, pp. 32f., 128-134 (193). 243
135-138(47).? (3)
(PLATE2)
1710* AE Bust of Justinian I r./Monogram of Justinian BMC, p. 33, 139 (22). 140 (6). 29
? (1)
1711* AR Bust r. ?/Monogramof (?) Justinian I BMC NOT (PLATE 2) 1
1712* AE Uncertain bust r./1 3BMCNOT (PLATE 2) 6
1713* AE Uncertain bust r./RD in wreath BMC NOT 1
1714 AE Uncertain bust r./(3 (?) 3BMCNOT 1
1715 AE Uncertain bust r./Traces of monogram 15
1716 AE Bust of Justinian I r./ ; BMC, p. 37, 159f. 12
1717 AE Uncertain bust r./Same, pellets in angles BMC, p. 37, 161-163 4

1718 AE Bust of Justinian I r./A BMC, p. 34, 141-148 51

1719 AE Uncertain bust r./P\ BMC, p. 35, 153 7
1720 AE Uncertain bust r./N BMC, p. 36, 154f. 9
1721 AE Uncertain bust r./IT BMC, p. 36, 156 2
1722 AE A/* BMC, p. 37, 164 2
1723 AE Uncertain bust r./Same BMC, p. 38, 165-172 12
Cross (118)
1724 AE Bust of Theodosius II r./Crosspotent BMC, pp. 38f., 178-178 24
1725 AE Bust of Masuna (?) r./Same BMC, p. 39, 179-181 3
1726 AE Bust of Valentinian III (?) r./Same BMC, p. 40, 182 1
1727 AE Uncertain bust r./Same BMC, pp. 40f., 188-194 49
1728 AE Uncertain bust r./Plain cross BMC, p. 41, 195-200 21
1729 AE Uncertain bust r./Cross patt6e with pellets BMC, p. 41, 201 4
1730 AE Uncertain bust r./Cross of uncertain form 16
OSTROGOTH KINGS
ODOVACAR 476-493 A.D. (18)

1731 AE Bust of Odovacarr./Monogramof Odovacar BMC, p. 45, 10f. 13
THEODORIC 493-526 A.D. (36)

1732 AE Bust of Anastasius r./Star BMC, p. 51, 85f. 3
1733 AE Bust of Justin I r./ E+ BMC, p. 52, 87-40 25
1734 AE Same/V BMC, pp. 52f., 41-51 8
A THALARIC 526-584 A.D. (4)

1735 AE Bust of Justinian I r./Monogramof Athalaric BMC, pp. 66f., 47-56 4
THEODAHAD 584-586 A.D. (3)

1736 AE Bust of Justinian I r./Monogram of Theodahad BMC., p 74, 15 3
BAD UILA 541-552A.D. (22)

1737 AE Bust of Anastasius r./Monogramof Baduila BMC, p. 89, 24-27 10
CATALOGUE 67
1738 AE Same/DNREX BMC, p. 90, 28f. 5
B
1739 AE Bust of Baduila facing/Lion advancing r. BMC, p. 94, 50-52 7
"VANDALIC" UNCLASSIFIED (8495)
BYZANTINE IMPERIAL COINAGE

(11,240; 87 imit.)
ANASTASIUS I 491-518 A.D. (31)

Constantinople
1740a* 498-518 A.D. M star 1., crescent r. BMC, I, p. 4, 17 1
b ,, star 1., star r. BMC, I, p. 4, 18-29 7
1741 a ,, K long cross 1. BMC, I, p. 5, 80-88 2
b ,, long cross 1., star above and below BMC, I, p. 6, 42-49 1
1742 ,, BMC, I, p. 7, 54-58 9
Antioch
1743 498-518 A.D. E BMC, I, p.9, 69-78 8
Uncertain
1744
JUSTIN I 518-527 A.D. (18)

Constantinople
1745a 518-527 A.D. M star 1., star r. BMC, I, p. 14, 25 1
b ,, star 1., cross r., BMC, I, p. 14, 29-82 4
1746 ,, K long cross 1. Tolstoi, p. 240, 57 1

1747 ,, e Monogram of Christ in center, e r. BMC, I, p. 16, 40-48 5
Nicomedia
1748 518-527 A.D. M star 1., star r. BMC, I, p. 17, 51 1
Uncertain
1749* E cf. Sab., I, p. 166, 49 1
JUSTINIAN 1 527-565 A.D. (182)

Constantinople
1750 a 527-538 A.D. M star 1., cross r. BMC, I, pp. 29f., 28-32 7
b* 588-565 A.D. ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 30-35, 39-101 16
1751a 527-538 A.D. K long cross 1. BMC, I, pp. 35f., 102-106 1

b 540-559 A.D. ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 86f., 112. 119 2
1752* 539-565 A.D. I ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 88f., 126-138 7

1753* 527-565 A.D. e BMC, I, pp. 39f., 139-145 (11). 15
146-159 (3). ? (1)
Thessalonica
1754" 568-565 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 41, 160-162 8
5*
Nicomedia
1755* 539-556 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 45-47, 190-215 6
1756* 541-542 A.D. K ANNO 1. cf. BMC, I, p. 48, 221-226 1
1757 556-564 A.D. I ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 49, 228. 232 3
Cyzicus
1758 539-547 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 50f., 235. 247 2
1759* 541-542 A.D. K ANNO 1. cf. BMC, I, p. 52, 259 1
Antioch
1760a 529-539 A.D. M star 1., star r. BMC, I, p. 54, 270 1
b ,, star 1., crescent r. BMC, I, p. 55, 282 1
c* 548-562 A.D. ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 56f., 295-310 9

1761 a 529-539 A.D. K long cross 1. BMC, I, p. 58, 314 f. 2

b 539-552 A.D. ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 59, 316. 320 2
Carthage
1762 534-539 A.D. M star 1., cross r. BMC, I, pp. 64f., 360-374 1
1763 539-540 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 66, 380 3
Sicily
1764 538 A.D. or later X star 1., star r. BMC, I, p. 69, 399 1
Rome
1765* 536-538 A.D. K star 1., cross r. BMC (Vandals), p. 110, 18-23 1
Ravenna
1766 563-564 A.D. I ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 71, 409 1
1767 a 555-565 A.D. : BMC (Vandals), p. 119, 77 1
b* ,, (smaller denomination) BMC NOT (PLATE 3) 1
Uncertain
1768 K 2
1769 I 2
1770*" (monogram on obverse) BMC, I, pp. 72f., 414-428 (33). 35

429f. (2)
JUSTIN 11 565-578 A.D. (172)

Constantinople
1771" 565-577 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 78-82, 28-81 23
1772" 567-575 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 82f., 85-96 6
Thessalonica
1773a* 566-569 A.D. K ANNO 1. (Justin bust) BMC, I, p. 84, 101-104 8
b* 568-578 A.D. ANNO 1. (Justin and Sophia) BMC, I, pp. 84-86, 105-124 100
Nicomedia
1774* 567-575 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 86-88, 129-149 9
1775" 566-575 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 88f., 160-166 4
Cyzicus
1776* 567-577 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 89f., 167-184 4
1777* 574-576 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 91, 188-191 3
Antioch
1778* 569-578 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 92-94, 193-212 6
CATALOGUE 69
Rome
1779 565-578 A.D. XX BMC, I, p. 102, 284 1
Uncertain
1780 M 2
1781 K 5
1781 a Uncertain type 1
TIBERIUS 11 578-582 A.D. (20)

Constantinople
1782* 578-582 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 108f., 25-36 4
1783 ,, XX BMC, I, p. 110, 43-46 1

1784 ,, Li BMC, I, pp. 111f., 55-57 1
Thessalonica
1785* 578-582 A. D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 112f., 59-64 9
Nicomedia
1786 579-581 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 113, 65. 67 2
Antioch
1787 578-580 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 116f., 83. 94 2
1788 581-582 A.D. XX ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 119, 117 1
MAURICE TIBERIUS 582-602 A.D. (25)

Constantinople
1789* 582-602 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 130-134, 26-66 6
1790* ,, K ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 134-137, 70-98 8
Thessalonica
1791* 584-597 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 138f., 112-120 9
Nicomedia
1792 587-588 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 140, 130 1
Antioch
1793 595-596 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 145, 184 1
PHOCAS 602-610 A.D. (48)

Constantinople
1794" 603-604 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 165, 39 1
1795" 605-609 A.D. XXXX ANNO above BMC, I, p. 166, 42-46 10
1796" 602-610 A.D. XX BMC, I, p. 167, 49-54 8
Thessalonica
1797" 605-607 A.D. XXXX ANNO above BMC, I, p. 168, 60f. 5
1798" 602-610 A.D. XX BMC, I, p. 169, 62-66 7
1799 602-603 A.D. K ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 170, 67f. 1
Nicomedia
1800 602-603 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 170, 70 1
1801" 605-607 A.D. XXXX ANNO above BMC, I, p. 171, 71-76 7
Cyzicus
1802 602-603 A.D. m ANNO 1. BMC, I, pp. 172f., 81-84 1
1803 604-605 A.D. XXXX ANNO above BMC, I, p. 173, 85 1
1804a 602-610 A.D. XX (Phocas and Leontia) BMC, I, p. 174, 97 1
b 608-604 A.D. (Phocas bust) BMC, I, p. 174, 98f. 2
Antioch
1805 604-605 A.D. MTANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 175, 105 1
Carthage
1806 602-610 A.D. XX star 1., 6 r. BMC, I, p. 179, 186 2
HERACLIUS 610-641 A.D. (232)

Constantinople
1807a* 610-613 A.D. M (Heraclius bust) BMC, I, pp. 196f., 109-115 9

b* 612-640 A.D. BMC, I, pp. 197-206, 116-169 92
(two standing figures)

c* 615-640 A.D. (three figures) BMC, I, pp. 206-210, 170-201 40
1808* 629-680 A.D. K (two figures) BMC, I, pp. 211f., 206-212 16
Thessalonica
1809a* 614-618 A.D. M (two figures) BMC, I, pp. 212f., 213-218 20
b 623-629 A.D. (three figures) BMC, I, p. 213, 219-221 6
1810* 611-618 A.D. XX (Heraclius bust) BMC NOT (PLATE 8) 2

1811* 614-620 A.D. K (two figures) BMC, I, p. 214f., 223-228 13
Nicomedia
1812 a 610-613 A.D. M (Heraclius bust) BMC, I, p. 215, 229-283 3
b* 612-616 A.D. (two figures) BMC, I, pp. 216f., 234-243 10
615-627 A.D. (three figures) BMC, I, p. 218, 244-249 5
c*
Cyzicus
1813 a 611-612 A.D. M (Heraclius bust) BMC, I, p. 219, 252-254 1
b* 612-618 A.D. (two figures) BMC, I, p. 220, 268-265 2
Alexandria
1814 629-640 A.D. IB (three figures) BMC, I, p. 226, 300f. 2
Carthage
1815* 610-613 A.D. X (Heraclius bust) BMC, I, p. 236, 866-8368 1
Ravenna
1816 631-632 A.D. M (two figures) BMC, I, p. 249, 454 1
Uncertain
1817a* M (Heraclius standing) 2
b (two busts) 1
c* (two figures) 5
d (three figures) 1
CONSTANS 11I 641-668 A.D. (817)

Constantinople
1818a* 641-651 A.D. m ANA 1., NEO r. BMC, I, pp. 268-270, 101-125 119
b 643-644 A.D. M ANA 1., NEOtI below BMC, I, pp. 266f., 93-100 1
c* 651-656 A.D. ANA 1., NGO r. BMC, I, pp. 270-273, 126-154 152
d* 655-656 A.D. ANNO 1. (Constans standing) BMC, I, pp. 273f., 155-162 38
e* 655-657 A.D. ANNO 1. (two figures) BMC, I, pp. 277-279, 181-198 40
f* ,, K~N 1., CTAN r. BMC, I, pp. 275f., 163-179 68
CATALOGUE 71
g* 659-664 A.D. three figures (M on obverse) BMC, I, pp. 279-283, 199-232 180
h* 663-666 A.D. three busts BMC, I, pp. 283-285, 233-253 103
i 665-666 A.D. two figures BMC, I, pp. 285f., 254-257 5
1819a* 641-656 A.D. K ANA 1. (Constans bust) BMC NOT (PLATE 3) 8

b ,, ANA 1. (Constans standing) BMC NOT 2
c* 659-660 A.D. ANNO 1. BMC, I, p. 286, 260 27
Sicily
1820* 659-668 A.D. M two figures BMC, I, p. 304, 362-370 4
Uncertain
1821 M 20
1822 K 2
CONSTANTINE IV 668-685 A.D. (30)

Constantinople
1823a* 668-685 A.D. K ANNO 1., CON r. Tolstoi, p. 827, 133 1
b* ,, M 1., cross r. BMC, II, pp. 318f., 33-38 2
1824* ,, I cross 1., K r. BMC, II, p. 319, 39f. 22
Sicily
1825a* 668-669 A.D. M (Constantine bust) BMC, II, pp. 323f., 61-66 4
b 670-680 A.D. (Constantine standing) BMC, II, p. 324, 67-69 1
JUSTINIAN 11 685-695 A.D. (1)

(First Reign)
Sicily
1826 685-695 A.D. M monogramabove BMC, II, p. 339, 47 1
TIBERIUS 111 698-705 A.D. (1)

Constantinople
1827 700 A.D. M ANNO 1. Sab., II, p. 31, 9 1
JUSTINIAN 11 705-711 A.D. (6)

(Second Reign)
Constantinople
1828* 705 A.D. M ANNO 1. BMC, II, pp. 355f., 8f. 2
1829a* c. 705 A. D. K ANNO 1. BMC, II, p. 356, 10 2
b* 710 A.D. XXX 1. BMC NOT (PLATE 3) 2
PHILIPPICUS 711-718A. D. (61)

Constantinople
1830* 711-718 A.D. I cross 1. Hesperia, IX, pp. 363-366, 1-44 61
ANASTASIUS 11 713-716 A.D. (4)

Constantinople
1831*" 7138-716A.D. K ANNO 1. Hesperia, IX, p. 369, 1-3 4
LEO 111 717-741 A.D. (23)

Constantinople
1832* 717-741 A.D. I cross and star 1. Hesperia, IX, pp. 870f., 1-16 22
Provincial
1833 720-741 A.D. Constantine V standing BMC, II, p. 369, 21-23 1
CONSTANTINE V 741-775 A.D. (2; 1 imit.)

Constantinople
1834 751-775 A.D. Cross on steps/Inscription BMC, II, p. 380, 13f. 1
1835 749-750 A.D. M with Constantine bust BMC, II, p. 381, 16-22 1
1836* Barbarous imitation (PLATE 3) 1
LEO IV 775-780 A.D.

(1)
Constantinople
1837 776-780 A.D. M two busts BMC, II, p. 395, 11-13 1
CONSTANTINE V1 and IRENE 780-797 A.D. (1)

Constantinople
1838 780-797 A.D. M three busts BMC, II, p. 399, 8f. 1
IRENE 797-802 A.D. (1)

Constantinople
1839 797-802 A.D. M XXX 1., NNN r. BMC, II, p. 400, 2 1
LEO V and CONSTANTINE 813-820 A.D. (1)

Constantinople
1840* 813-820 A.D. K XXX 1., NNN r. of. BMC, II, p. 411, 17 1
MICHAEL II and THEOPHILUS 820-829 A.D. (2)

Constantinople
1841 821-829 A.D. M XXX 1., NNN r. BMC, II, p. 415, 6-10 2
THEOPHILUS 829-842 A.D. (4)

Constantinople
1842 c. 839-842 A.D. Emperor/Inscription BMC, II, p. 423, 18-26 4
MICHAEL 111 842-867 A.D. (1)

Constantinople
1843 866-867 A.D. Michael bust/Basil bust BMC, II, p. 432, 11 f. 1
BASIL 1 867-886 A.D. (17)

Constantinople
1844 869-879 A.D. Cross potent/Inscription BMC, II, p. 438, 6f. 1
1845 867-868 A.D. Emperor seated/Inscription BMC, II, p. 438, 8-10 2
1846 869-879 A.D. Two busts/Inscription BMC, II, p. 439, 11-16 7
1847" ,, Two emperors seated/Inscription BMC, II, pp. 439f., 17-20 4
1848 870-879 A.D. Three emperors/Inscription BMC, II, pp. 440f., 21-29 3
LEO VI 886-912 A.D. (81)

Constantinople
1849" 886-912 A.D. Leo bust/Inscription BMC, II, p. 447, 8-10 71
1850 ,, Two emperors seated/Inscription BMC, II, p. 447, 11lf. 10
CATALOGUE 73
CONSTANTINE VII 913-959 A.D. (257)
Constantinople
1851 913-919 A.D. Constantine and Zoe busts/Inscription BMC, II, pp. 452f., 1-6 6
1852* 919-944 A.D. Romanus I bust/Inscription BMC, II, pp. 455-457, 14-29 59
1853* 945-959 A.D. Constantine bust/Inscription BMC, II, pp. 463f., 45-57 164
1854* ,, Constantine and Romanus II busts/ BMC, II, pp. 466f., 70-76 28
Inscription
NICEPHORUS 11 963-969 A.D. (46)

Constantinople
1855* 963-969 A.D. Nicephorus bust/Inscription BMC, II, p. 473, 8-12 46
JOHN 1 969-976 A.D. (1)

Constantinople
1856 969-976 A.D. Crosson steps/Inscription BMC, II, p. 475, 5f. 1
CONSTANTINE X 1059-1067 A.D. (28)

Constantinople
1857* 1059-1067 A.D. Constantine and Eudocia/Christ figure BMC, II, pp. 517-519, 18-31 17
1858* ,, Constantine bust/Christ bust BMC, II, pp. 519f., 32-37 11
ROMANUS IV 1067-1071 A.D. (4)

Constantinople
1859 1067-1071 A.D. Christ bust/Cross with C R BMC, II, p. 528, 9-13 4
P A
MICHAEL VIl 1071-1078 A.D. (7)

Constantinople
1860* 1071-1078 A.D. Michael bust/Christ bust BMC, II, pp. 533f., 24-30 7
NICEPHORUS BRYENNIUS (?) 1077-1078 A.D. (1)

Uncertain
1861* 1077-1078 A.D. Christ bust/Patriarchal cross with C B NC, 1950, p. 307 1
N B (PLATE 3)
NICEPHOR US 111 1078-1081 A.D. (677)

Constantinople
1862* 1078-1081 A.D. Christ figure/Cross and circle with C () BMC, II, p. 538, 12-21 677
NA
ANONYMOUS ISSUES (2235; 14 imit.)

1863* 969-989 A.D. CLASS A-1 Christ bust/Four line inscription NNM, 35, P1. I, 2f. 104
1864 989-1028 A.D. CLASS A-2 Similar but larger flan NNM, 35, P1. I, 4-6 519
1865 1028-1034 A.D. CLASS B Christ bust/Cross on steps, inscription in NNM, 35, P1. I, 7 218
angles
1866 1034-1041 A.D. CLASS C Christ figure/Jewelled cross, inscription in NNM, 85, P1. I, 8f. 154
angles
1867 1042-1055 A.D. CLASS D Christ on throne with back/Three line NNM, 35, P1. II, 2 104
inscription
1868 1057-1059 A.D. CLASS E Christ bust/Same NNM, 35, P1. I, 10 13
1869 1059-1067 A.D. CLASS F Christ on throne without back/Similar NNM, 35, P1. II, 1 74
1870 1067-1071 A.D. CLASS G Christ bust/Virgin bust NNM, 35, P1. II, 3 104
1871 1071-1078 A.D. CLASS H Similar/Patriarchal cross NNM, 35, P1. II, 5 222
1872 1078-1081 A.D. CLASS I Similar/Latin cross NNM, 35, P1. II, 6 359
1873 1081-1118 A.D. CLASS J Similar but cross behind head/Latin cross NNM, 35, P1. II, 7 77
on crescent
1874 ,, CLASS K Christ bust/Half-length figure of Virgin NNM, 35, P1. II, 8 233
1875 ,, CLASS L Similar/Small cross patt6e NNM, 35, P1. II, 9f. 2
1876 ,, Mule: Reverse CLASS K/Reverse CLASS J NNM, 35, P1. II, 12 1
1876a Uncertain type - CLASS D or F (3), CLASS H or I (2) 51
1877* Barbarous imitations of CLASSES B (1), C(2), D(1), H(2), 14
1(2), K(1), Uncertain (5) (PLATE 3)
ALEXIUS 1 1081-1118 A.D. (954; 6 imit.)

Constantinople
1878* 1081-1118 A.D. Alexius bust/Christ seated BMC, II, p. 543, 14-21 1
1879 ,, Alexius with cross/Christ figure BMC, II, p. 549, 45 2
1880* ,, Alexius with labarum/Similar BMC, II, p. 550, 46f. 34
1881 ,, Similar/Christ seated BMC, II, p. 549, 43f. 1
1882* ,, Alexius bust with cross/Similar BMC, II, p. 549, 41f. 1
1883* ,, Similar/Christ bust BMC, II, p. 548, 37-40 180
1884 ,, Alexius bust with labarum/Same BMC, II, p. 547, 33-35 12
1885* ,, Alexius with labarum/Virgin bust with BMC, II, p. 550, 48 2
medallion
1886* ,, Alexius bust with labarum/Virgin orans bust Edwards, p. 142, 126 96
1887* ,, Alexius bust with cross/Jewelled cross BMC, II, pp. 551f., 49-55 602
1888* ,, Alexius bust with sceptre/Patriarchal cross BMC, II, pp. 552f., 56-65 7
1889* ,, Cross/Inscription BMC, II, p. 553, 66-68 2
1890* ,, Mule: Reverse of No. 1883/Reverse of No. 1887 1
1891* Barbarous imitations 6
JOHN 11 1118-1143 A.D. (144; 1 imit.)

Constantinople
1892* 1118-1148 A.D. Virgin crowning John/Christ seated cf. BMC, II, p. 560, 40 1
1893 ,, John with cross/Christ figure BMC, II, p. 564, 62-66 2
1894* ,, John bust with labarum/Same BMC, II, p. 564, 67-69 11
1895* ,, John bust with sceptre/Christ bust BMC, II, p. 565, 70f. 114
1896 ,, John bust with labarum/St. Demetrius bust Edwards, p. 144, 138 10
1897* ,, Mules 2
1897a Uncertain type 4
1898 Barbarous imitation Virgin orans type 1
MANUEL 1 1143-1180 A.D. (3775; 13 imit.)

Constantinople
1899" 1143-1180 A.D. Virgin crowning Manuel/Christseated cf. BMC, II, p. 570, 21-24 1
1900 ,, Manuel with labarum/Virgin seated BMC, II, p. 577, 56-58 14
1901 ,, Manuel with sword/Christ seated cf. Sab., II, p. 209, 14 1
1902 ,, Manuel with mappa/Christ bust Sab., II, p. 210, 18 1
1903 ,, Manuel with labarum/Christfigure BMC, II, p. 577, 62f. 4
1904" ,, Manuel with cross/Christ bust BMC, II, p. 578, 64-68 307
1905* ,, Manuel bust/Same BMC, II, p. 578, 70 17
CATALOGUE 75
1906* 1148-1180 A.D. Similar/Crosson steps BMC, II, pp. 580f., 86-95 161
1907* ,, Similar/Monogram BMC, II, p. 580, 79-82 (1604). 1699
83-85 (95)
1908* ,, Similar/St. George bust BMC, II, p. 579, 75-78 1387
1909* ,, Similar/Virgin orans bust BMC, II, p. 579, 71-74 8
1910* ,, Mules 23
1911 Barbarous imitations of No. 1904 (5) and 13
No.1907(8)
ANDRONICUS 1 1183-1185 A.D. (78)

Constantinople
1912* 1183-1185 A.D. Andronicus with labarum/Virgin orans bust BMC, II, p. 586, 13-18 74
1913* ,, Similar/St. George bust BMC, II, p. 587, 19f. 2
ISAAC 11 1185-1195 A.D. (156; 1 imit.)

Constantinople
1914* 1185-1195 A.D. Isaac, St. Michael/Virgin seated Sab., II, p. 223, 3 1
1915 ,, Isaac, St. George/Similar BMC, II, p. 591, 16-18 3
1916 ,, Isaac with cross/Similar BMC, II, pp. 592f., 19-31 1
1917 ,, Similar/Virgin orans figure BMC, II, p. 596, 38-42 2
1918 Isaac half-figure/Virgin orans bust BMC, II, p. 596, 43 2
1919* ,, Similar/St. Michael bust BMC, II, p. 597, 44-47 144
1920* ,, Similar/St. George bust BMC NOT 2
1920a Uncertain type 1

1921 Barbarous imitation of No. 1919 1
ALEXIUS 111 1195-1203 A.D. (18)

Constantinople
1922* 1195-1203 A.D. Alexius, St. Constantine/Christbust BMC, II, pp. 602f., 15-19 3
1923 ,, Alexius with labarum/St. George bust BMC, II, p. 606, 39-44 13
ANDRONICUS 11 1282-1328 A.D. (2)

Constantinople
1924 1282-1295 A.D. Andronicuswith cross/Crossanchored BMC, II, p. 617, 11 1
1325-1328 A.D. Andronicus, grandson/Christbust Sab., II, p. 258, 87 1
1925"
EMPIRE OF NICAEA
THEODORE 1 1204-1222 A.D. (1)
1926" 1204-1222 A.D. Theodore, St. Theodore/(obscure) of. BMC (Vandals), pp. 208f., 1
4-11
JOHN 1 1222-1254 A.D. (1)

1927 1222-1254 A.D. John with labarum/St. George bust BMC (Vandals), p. 219, 36-39 1
THEODORE II 1254-1258 A.D. (1)

1254-1258 A.D. Theodore with labarum/St. Tryphon (?) cf. BMC (Vandals), p. 222, 5 1
1928"
EMPIRE OF THESSALONICA
THEODORE 1222-1230 A.D. (5)
1929* 1222-1230 A.D. Theodore, St. Demetrius/Christ bust(?) cf. BMC (Vandals), p. 194, 2f. 1
1930 ,, Similar/Christ bust BMC (Vandals), p. 194, 3 3
1931 ,, Theodore with labarum/Similar BMC (Vandals), p. 195, 4 1
EMPIRE OF TREBIZOND
ALEXIUS III 1349-1390 A.D. (1)
1932* 1349-1390 A.D. Alexius III/Cross and wreath BMC (Vandals), p. 299, 21f. 1
BYZANTINE IMPERIAL UNCLASSIFIED (1121; 1 imit.)

Sixth century A.D. (2 M, 1 K, 8 E) 15 Twelfth century A.D. (including one imitation) 801
Seventh century A.D. (7 M, 6 K) 72 Uncertain period 214
Ninth, tenth, eleventh centuries A.D. 20
FRANKISHCOINAGE
(1186; 55 imit.)
PRINCES OF ACHAEA
GUILLAUME DE VILLEHARDOUIN 1245-1278 A.D. (452)
1933* Billon or AE Facing head/Cross Schlumb., P1. XII, 6 94
1934 Billon or AE Cross/Castleof Acrocorinth Schlumb., P1. XII, 7 276
1935 Billon Cross/Genoese gate Schlumb., P1. XII, 9f. 49
1936 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 1f. 27
1937 Billon Schlumb., P1. XIII, 15; p. 356 3
Cross/ii,
1938* Billon Castle Tournois type with TVRONVS CIVI Schlumb., P1. XII, 13 1
1939 Billon Similar with THEBECIVIS Schlumb., P1. XII, 14 1
1939a Billon or AE Uncertain type 1
CHARLES I D'ANJOU 1278-1285 A.D. (1)

1940 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 16 1
CHARLES .I11D'ANJOU 1285-1287 A.D. (15)

1941 Billon Cross/CastleTournois Schlumb., P1. XII, 17 15
FLORENT DE HAINAUT 1289-1297 A.D. (3)

ISABELLE DE VILLEHARDOUIN 1297-1301 A.D. (6)

PHILIPPE DE SA VOIE 1301-1307 A.D. (20)

CATALOGUE 77
PHILIPPE DE TARENTE 1307-1313 A.D. (14)
MAHAUT DE HAINAUT 1316-1318 A.D. (2)

JEAN DE GRAVINA 1318-1333 AD. (5)

DUKES OF ATHENS
GUY I DE LA ROCHE 1225-1263 A.D. (53)
1948 Billon or AE -Genoesegate/Cross Schlumb., P1. XII, 31 32
1949 Billon or AE G in field/Cross Schlumb., Pl. XII, 30 20
1949a Billon or AE Uncertain type 1
GUILLAUME I DE LA ROCHE 1280-1287 A.D. (101)

1950 Billon or AE Fleur-de-lis/Genoese gate Schlumb., Pl. XII, 32 61
1951 Billon or AE Coat of arms/Cross Schlumb., P1. XIII, 1 20
1952 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 2f. 20
GUY 11 DE LA ROCHE 1287-1808 A.D. (177)

1953* Billon Cross/CastleTournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 4 (1). 5 (1) 2
1954 Billon or AE Turreted castle/Turreted castle Schlumb., P1. XIII, 6 11
1955 Billon or AE Cross/Same Schlumb., P1. XIII, 8 97
1956 Billon Cross/CastleTournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 9 65
1957* Billon Similar with DE CLARENCIA Schlumb., Pl. XIII, 10 2
GAUTHIER DE BRIENNE 1308-1311 A.D. (15)

1958 Billion or AE Cross/LargeG in field Schlumb., Pl. XIII, 12 15
DESPOTS OF EPIRUS
PHILIPPE DE TARENTE After 1294 A.D. (21)
1959" Billon Cross/CastleTournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 20 (13). 20
26 (5). ? (2)
1960 Billon Similar Schlumb., P1. XIII, 24 1
JEAN 11 ORSINI 1323-1835 A.D. (1; 1 imit.)

1961 Billon Cross/CastleTournois Schlumb., P1. XIII, 16 1
1962 Billon Barbarous imitation 1
LORDS OF SALONA
THOMAS 11 c. 2121-1258 A.D. (1)
1963 Billon Cross/Shield Schlumb., P1. XIII, 18 1
THOMAS111 c. 1294-1811A.D. (3)
1964 Billon Tournois
Cross/Castle Schlumb.,Pl. XIII, 14 3
PRINCESOF ANTIOCH
BOHEMOND1 1098-1111A.D. (2)
1965 AE St. Peter bust/Cross Schlumb.,P1. II, 4 1
1966 AE Christbust/Similar Schlumb.,P1. II, 5 1
TANCORED1104-1112A.D. (1)
1967 AE St. Peterbust/Inscription Schlumb.,P1. II, 6 1

COUNTSOF TRIPOLIS
RAYMOND11 1152-1187A.D. (1)
1968 AE Star and crescent/Cross Schlumb.,P1. IV, 5 1
FRANKISHUNCLASSIFIED(292;54 imit.)
OF GREECEAND THE ISLANDS

MINORCOINAGES
(5)
JEAN 11 DE LA GRANDEVLAQUIE 1303-1318A.D. (1)
Cross/Castle Schlumb.,P1.XIII, 17 1
GIORGIOI GHISI, Lordof Tenos 1303-1311A.D. (1)

Cross/Castle Schlumb.,P1.XIII, 29 1
LORDSOF CHIOS After18347A.D. (1)

1971 Billon CastleTournois/Cross Schlumb.,P1.XIV, 21 1
LEOGABALAS,King of Rhodes 1204-1240A.D. (1)

1972 AE Inscription/Insoription Schlumb.,P1.VIII, 17 1
ORDEROF ST. JOHN at Rhodes After1819 A.D. (1)

Billon Genoesegate/Cross Schlumb.,P1.X, 3 1
197•
FRENCH COINAGE
(16)
KINGS OF FRANCE
LOUIS IX 1226-1270A.D. (6)

Cross/Castle Bl.-Dieud.,II, pp. 224, 227 6
CATALOGUE 79
TOURAINE
SAINT-MARTIN DE TOURS 12th Century A.D. (1)
1975 Billon Castle Tournois/Cross Poey d'Avant, I, p. 222, 1636 1
DUKES OF BRITTANY
JEAN I 1237-1286 A.D. (1)
1976 Billon Cross/Shield Poey d'Avant, I, p. 65, 856 1
COUNTS OF PROVENCE
CHARLES I D'ANJOU 1246-1285 A.D. (3)

1977 Billon Cross/Castle Tournois Poey d'Avant, II, p. 320, 3947 3
CHARLES 11 D'ANJOU 1285-1309 A.D. (1)

1978 AR Prince seated/Cross Poey d'Avant, II, p. 828, 8974 1
ROBERT 1809-1343 A.D. (3)

1979 AR Prince seated/Cross Poey d'Avant, II, pp. 832f., 8
8977 (2). 8985 (1)
POPES AT AVIGNON
JEAN XX.1 1316-1884 A.D. (1)
1980 AR Pope seated/Cross Poey d'Avant, II, p. 348, 4142 1
ITALIANCOINAGE
(15; 1 imit.)
KINGS OF SICILY
ROGER 11 1130-1154 A.D.
(3)
1981" AE Emperor standing/Cross with pronged ends Spinelli, p. 148, 49 8
WILLIAM I 1149-1166 A.D. (1)

1982 AE Lamb with cross/Cross Spinelli, pp. 154f., 75-77 1
WILLIAM 11 1166-1189 A.D. (1)

1983 AE Inscription/Inscription Spinelli, p. 90, P1. XIV, 22f. 1
COUNTS OF CAMPOBASSO
NICHOLAS 11 1450-1462 A.D. (9; 1 imit.)
1984* Billon Cross/CastleTournois Edwards, p. 158, 48 9
1985 Billon Barbarous imitation of same 1
POPES AT ROME
PIUS IV 1559-1565 A.D. (1)
1986 AR Papal arms/St. Peter CNI, XV, p. 499, 144 1
VENETIANCOINAGE
(1024; 17 imit.)
DOGES OF VENICE
JACOPO TIEPOLO 1229-1249 A.D. (3)

1987 AR Doge, St. Mark/Christenthroned Pap., I, p. 98, 2 2

1988 Billon V N *CE/Cross Pap., I, p. 99, 6 1
RANIERI ZENO 1253-1268 A.D. (1)

GIOVANNI DANDOLO 1280-1289 A.D. (1)

FRANCESCO DANDOLO 1329-1339 A.D. (10)

1991 AR Doge kneeling/Lion rampant Pap., I, p. 163,11 10
BARTOLOMEO GRADENIGO 1339-1342 A.D. (2)

1992 AR Doge kneeling/Lion rampant Pap., I, p. 168, 3 2
ANDREA DANDOLO 1343-1354 A.D. (2)

1994 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., I, p. 183, 8 1
GIOVANNI DOLFIN 1356-1361 A.D. (3)

LORENZO CELSI 1361-1365 A.D. (9)

MARCO CORNER 1365-1367 A.D. (20)

1998 Billon Cross/Lionof St. Mark Pap., I, p. 204, 5 20
ANDREA CONTARINI 1868-1382 A.D. (115; 1 imit.)

2000 Billon Barbarous imitation of above 1
MICHELE MOROSINI 1382 A.D. (13)

CATALOGUE 81
ANTONIO VENIER 1382-1400 A.D. (185)
MICHELE STENO 1400-1413 A.D. (33)

TOMASO MOCENIGO 1414-1423 A.D. (9)

AGOSTINO BARBARIGO 1486-1501 A.D.

(22)
2005 Billon Cross/Lionof St. Mark Pap., II, p. 83, 64 22
LEONARDO LOREDAN 1501-1521 A.D. (1)

2006 Billon Cross/Lionof St. Mark Pap., II, p. 114, 79 1
ANDREA GRITTI 1523-1528 A.D. (4)

2007* Billon Doge kneeling, St. Mark/Christin aureole cf. Pap., II, p. 147, 6 1
2008 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., II, p. 171, 174 3
LORENZO PRIULI 1556-1559 A.D. (1)

2009 Billon Cross/Lion rampant Pap., II, p. 267, 53 1
GEROLAMO PRIULI 1559-1567 A.D. (2)

2010 Billon Cross/Lionrampant Pap., II, p. 289, 91 2
PIETRO LOREDAN 1567-1570 A.D. (3)

2011 Billon Cross/Lion rampant Pap., II, p. 304, 33 3
ALVISE MOCENIGO 1570-1577 A.D. (3)

2012 Billon Cross/Lion of St. Mark Pap., II, p. 323, 60 (2); p. 331, 3
120(1)
NICOLO DA PONTE 1578-1585 A.D. (1)

PASQUALE CICOGNA 1585-1595A.D. (2)

MARINO GRIMAN1 1595-1605 A.D. (3)

2015 Billon Cross/Lionof St. Mark Pap., II, p. 455, 123 (2). 127 (1) 3
FRANCESCO MOROSINI 1688-1694 A.D. (1)

2016 AR Doge kneeling, St. Mark/Lion with cross Pap., III, p. 513, 90 1
SILVESTRO VALIER 1694-1700 A.D. (1)

201 A7 Doge kneeling, St. Mark/Christin aureole cf. Pap., III, p. 519, 2 1
6
ANONYMOUS COLONIAL ISSUES
2018 AE Lion of St. Mark/St. George and dragon Pap., II, p. 553, 51 1
2019* AE DALMAET ALBAN and variations Pap., III, pp. 927-938, 7-86 117
DALMAETALBAN 74
DALMETALB 39
DALMATETALBAN 1
DALMATETALBANIA 3
2020 AE ISOLEET ARMATA Pap., III, pp. 938f., 87-94 54
2021 AE ARMATAET MOREA Pap., III, pp. 939-941, 95-106 109
2022 AE CORF CEFALZANT and variations Pap., III, pp. 941-943, 107-126 48
CORFCEFALZANT 20
CORFZANT CEF 1
CORFVCEFALZANT 13
CORFVCEFALZANTE 7
CORFVCEFALON ZANTE 4
CORFVCEFALONIAZANTE3
2023 AE SOL DINI 21 Pap., III, pp. 961-966, 2--36 12
2024 AE SOL DINO Pap., III, p. 966, 38 1
2025 AE CANDIA Pap., III, pp. 969f., 62. 66 3
FR in exergue 2
PM in exergue 1
VENETIAN UNCLASSIFIED (229; 16 imit.)

Doges of Venice 208
Barbarous imitations of same 16
Anonymous colonial issues 21
OTHERCOINAGES UNCLASSIFIED
(18,402)
Medieval (Western Europe) 11
Islamic 7,073
Modern (almost all Greek) 11,318
NUMERICAL SUMMARY
ROMANREPUBLICAN 15
Q. Titius 88 B.C. 1
C. Norbanus 80 B.C. 1
Ti. Claudius 78-77 B.C. 1

Cn. CorneliusLent. Marcellinus c. 76-74 B.C. 1
M. AemiliusScaurus 58 B.C. 1
Cn. Plancius c. 54 B.C. 1
D. Junius Brutus Albinus 49-48 B.C. 1
P. SepulliusMacer c. 44 B.C. 1
M. Antonius c. 37-31 B.C. 7
ROMANIMPERIAL 18,674
9 imitations
Augustus 27 B.C.-14 A.D. 5
Tiberius 14-37 A.D. 2
Claudius 41-54 A.D. 1
Nero 54-68 A.D. 2
Galba 68-69 A.D. 1
Otho 69 A.D. 1
Vespasian 69-79 A.D. 11
Titus 79-81 A.D. 2
Domitian 81-96 A.D. 18
Nerva 96-98 A.D. 8
Trajan 98-117 A.D. 46
Hadrian 117-138 A.D. 67
Sabina 2
AntoninusPius 188-161 A.D. 46
Faustina I 14
MarcusAurelius 161-180 A.D. 26
Faustina II 28
LuciusVerus 161-169 A.D. 11
Lucilla 5
Commodus 176-192 A.D. 15
Crispina 3
Didius Julianus 193 A.D. 1
ManliaScantilla 1
SeptimiusSeverus 193-211 A.D. 13
Julia Domna 6
Caracalla 198-217 A.D. 12
Plautilla 2
Geta 209-212 A.D. 5
Elagabalus 218-222 A.D. 4
Julia Maesa 1
Severus Alexander 222-285 A.D. 26
Julia Mamaea 18
Maximinus I 285-288 A.D. 21
Maximus 2
6*
Pupienus 238 A.D. 2

GordianIII 238-244 A.D. 52
Philip I 244-249 A.D. 31
OtaciliaSevera 9
TrajanDecius 249-251 A.D. 10
HerenniaEtruscilla 5
HerenniusEtruscus 251 A.D. 2
TrebonianusGallus 251-253 A.D. 17
Volusian 251-253 A.D. 8
Aemilian 253 A.D. 4
ValerianI 253-260 A.D. 38
Gallienus 253-268 A.D. 349
Salonina 83
ValerianII 2
Saloninus 1
Macrian 260-261 A.D. 4
Quietus 260-261 A.D. 3
Postumus 259-268 A.D. 1
Victorinus 268-270 A.D. 1
Tetricus 270-273 A.D. 2
ClaudiusII 268-270 A.D. 23
Quintillus 270 A.D. 1
Aurelian 270-275 A.D. 163
Severina 11
Tacitus 275-276 A.D. 7
Florian 276 A.D. 9
Probus 276-282 A.D. 101
Carus 282-283 A.D. 4
Carinus 283-285 A.D. 10
MagniaUrbica 1
Numerian 283-284 A.D. 4
Diocletian 284-305 A.D. 72
Maximian 285-305 A.D. 108
ConstantiusChlorus 305-306 A.D. 22
Galerius 305-311 A.D. 51
Galeria 2
SeverusII 306-307 A.D. 3
MaximinusII 308-313 A.D. 9
LiciniusI 307-323 A.D. 50
LiciniusII 14
ConstantineI 307-337 A.D. 527
Fausta 1
Helen 17
Theodora 1
Urbs Roma 90
Constantinople 74
PopulusRomanus 1
Crispus 33
ConstantineII 337-340 A.D. 168
Constantius II 337-361 A.D. 1855
Constans I 337-350 A.D. 434
Delmatius 4
Vetranio 350 A.D. 1
Magnentius 350-353 A.D. 2
Constantius Gallus 123
Julian II 361-863 A.D. 283
House of Constantine 1419
NUMERICAL SUMMARY 85
Jovian 863-864 A.D. 13

ValentinianI 364-375 A.D. 224
Valens 364-378 A.D. 521
Procopius 365-366 A.D. 5
Gratian 367-383 A.D. 165
ValentinianII 375-392 A.D. 514
TheodosiusI 379-395 A.D. 1055
Flaccilla 13
Maximus 384-388 A.D. 5
Victor 384-388 A.D. 4
Eugenius 392-394 A.D. 4
Arcadius 383-408 A.D. 1012
Eudoxia 6
Honorius 393-423 A.D.
304
TheodosiusII 400-450 A.D. 334
Eudocia 2
Placidia 1
Johannes 423-425 A.D. 1
ValentinianIII 425-455 A.D. 9
Marcian 450-457 A.D. 107
Leo I 457-474 A.D. 152
SeverusIII 461-465 A.D. 1
Zeno 474-491 A.D. 2
ValentinianI-III 1047
Unclassified 6435
Imitations 9
"VANDALIC" 4,796
Vandal Kings 8
OstrogothKings 78
Bust of TheodosiusI 5
Bust of Honorius 118
Bust of TheodosiusII 30
Bust of ValentinianIII 77
Bust of Marcian 134
Bust of Leo I 130
Bust of Zeno 47
Bust of AnastasiusI 243
Bust of Justinian I 103
Unclassified 3823
BYZANTINE IMPERIAL 11,240
37 imitations
Anastasius I 491-518 A.D. 31
Justin I 518-527 A.D. 13
Justinian I 527-565 A.D. 132
Justin II 565-578 A.D. 172
Tiberius II 578-582 A.D. 20
Maurice Tiberius 582-602 A.D. 25
Phocas 602-610 A.D. 48
Heraclius 610-641 A.D. 232
Constans II 641-668 A.D. 817
Constantine IV 668-685 A.D. 30
Justinian II (1st) 685-695 A.D. 1
Tiberius III 698-705 A.D. 1
Justinian II (2nd) 705-711 A.D. 6
Philippicus 711-713 A.D. 61
AnastasiusII 713-716 A.D. 4

Leo III 717-741 A.D. 23
ConstantineV 741-775 A.D. 2
Leo IV 775-780 A.D. 1
ConstantineVI 780-797 A.D. 1
Irene 797-802 A.D. 1
Leo V 813-820 A.D. 1
MichaelII 820-829 A.D. 2
Theophilus 829-842 A.D. 4
MichaelIII 842-867 A.D. 1
Basil I 867-886 A.D. 17
Leo VI 886-912 A.D. 81
ConstantineVII 913-959 A.D. 257

NicephorusII 963-969 A.D. 46

John I 969-976 A.D. 53*
Basil II, ConstantineVIII 976-1028 A.D. 571
RomanusIII 1028-1034A.D. 218
MichaelIV 1034-1041A.D. 154
ConstantineIX 1042-1055A.D. 104
Isaac I 1057-1059 A.D. 13
ConstantineX 1059-1067A.D. 102
RomanusIV 1067-1071A.D. 108
MichaelVII 1071-1078A.D. 229
NicephorusBryennius 1077-1078 A.D. 1
NicephorusIII 1078-1081 A.D. 1036
Alexius I 1081-1118A.D. 1267
John II 1118-1143A.D. 144
ManuelI 1143-1180A.D. 3775
AndronicusI 1183-1185A.D. 78
Isaac II 1185-1195A.D. 156
Alexius III 1195-1203A.D. 18
AndronicusII 1282-1328A.D. 2
Empire of Nicaea 3
Empire of Thessalonica 5
Empire of Trebizond 1
Unclassified 1121
Imitations 37
* For the period from John ZimiscesthroughAlexiusI, the anonymousissues are assigned to individual
emperorsaccordingto the chronologyoutlined in the commentary.Since it is impossibleto make a definite
divisionof the Agoracoinsof CLASSA-1 betweenJohnI andthe earlyyearsof Basil II and ConstantineVIII,
this first anonymousgrouphas been arbitrarilyhalved - fifty-two coins to John and fifty-two to Basil and
Constantine. Each of the other anonymous classes can be attributed in its entirety to a single reign.
FRANKISH......................... 1,186
55 imitations
MINOR COINAGES OF GREECE AND THE ISLANDS 5
FRENCH .......................... 16
ITALIAN .......................... 15
1 imitation
VENETIAN ......................... 1,024
17 imitations
MEDIEVAL ........................ 11
ISLAMIC .......................... 7,073
MODERN(almost all Greek) .................. 11,818
55,492
COMMENTARY
ROMAN REPUBLICAN COINAGE

1 Referencesfor the Roman Republican coinage are to the recent study of EdwardA. Sydenham, The
Coinageof the RomanRepublic(London,1952), which revises the catalogueof the BritishMuseumcollection
preparedin 1910 by H. A. Grueber.
No. 1 of the Agora catalogue,a bronzeissue of Q. Titius, is assignedto the mint of Rome by Grueber
(BMC, Republic,I, p. 288, 2235). Sydenhambelievesthat Rome was the chief mintingcenterfromthe second
century down to the time of the Social War but that its output duringthe period was augmentedby the
activity of at least one other Italian mint. In his opinion,the coinageof Q. Titius was struckboth at Rome
and at the auxiliaryItalian mint.
9-12 Antony'slegionarycoins, of which five specimenshave been found in the Agora,were struck for his
naval and military forces prior to the battle of Actium. Grueber(BMC, Republic,II, p. 526, note 1) dates
the entire series32-31 B.C., attributingit to Ephesuswherethe fleet and legions werefirst assembled.
13 Various theories have been advancedregarding the dating and origin of Antony's "fleet" issues, of
which our coins are representativeexamples. Bahrfeldt, after compiling considerableevidence on known
specimensand their provenance(Num.Zeit., 1905, pp. 9-56), concludedthat the money was struckbetween
the autumn of 37 B.C. and the summerof 35 B.C., probablyaboardone or more of Antony's ships. In the
British Museumcatalogue (II, p. 510, note 1), Grueberrestrictsthe dating to 36-35 B.C. and suggests that
the mint may have been Zacynthus,a convenientport of call for vessels travellingto the East. Grant,in his
study of the early Romanbronze(FromImperiumto Auctoritas,pp. 43-45), is inclinedto attributethe issues
to Tarentumfollowingthe conferencebetween Antony and Octavianheld there in the spring of 37 B.C.
In Sydenham'svolume the coins are dated 87-36 B.C. and assignedto an Italian mint.
ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE

17 Grant (op. cit., pp. 102-110) argues that coins of this type must have been struck at variousmints.
Specimenshave been found in widely-scatteredsections of Asia Minorand the Balkans, including Greece;
the excavationsat Dura producedtwo pieces and those at Antiochfourteen(A.R. Bellinger,TheExcavations
at Dura-Europos,Final ReportVI, The Coins,p. 189, No. 1354),while three werefound at Pergamum(Reg-
ling, Bliitt.f. Miinzfr.,1914,col. 5679).
29 The attributionto Tarracois open to question. In a recent article (Am. Num. Soc. MuseumNotes, IV,
p. 3), C. H. V. Sutherlandstates "the worknow being done at Oxfordon the dies of Flavian sestertiiof A.D.
70-71 has shown quite conclusivelythat the so-calledcoins of the Tarracomint were actually struck at
Rome."
36 IMPCAESARDOMITIANVSAVGGERMANICVSHead laureater.
Rev.COS Xlil to left and right of Minervaadvancingr., brandishingjavelin and holding shield.
1)
(PLATE
This form of the obverselegend is not given in either the BMC or the RIC listing.
51 This plated piece is a hybrid, possibly an ancient forgery. The reverse is that of BMC, III, p. 112, 565,
while the obverse legend - IMPTRAIANO AVG GERDAC PM TR P COS VI PP - belongs to earlier issues of
112-117 A.D. (BMC, III, pp, 89-103).
58 Variant obverse with bust laureate r. as Cohen, II, p. 57, 368,
61 One coin has the prow symbolr.; the other is without it.
66 Mattinglysuggests (BMC, III, p. eviii) that the mint may have been Cypruswith Antioch as another
possibility.Bellinger(Dura,VI, p. 140, No. 1363)points out, however,that Trajan'sother coinagefrom both
mints has Greekinscriptions.The case for Antioch is strengthenedby the fact that seventeenspecimensof
this type werefoundthere (DorothyB. Waage,Antiochon-the-Orontes, IV, part two, Greek,Roman,Byzantine
and Crusaders'Coins,p. 94, Nos. 1016f.).
69 Variantreversewith globe in exergueas BMC, III, p. 287, note 372.
82 Variantobversewith bust laureate,draped,cuirassedr. as Cohen,II, p. 202, 1154.
83 Variantobversewith bust laureater., draperyon 1.shoulderas BMC, III, p. 425, note 1268.
90 With excavationcoinsit is often impossibleto distinguishthe dupondiusfrom the As when the obverse
has no radiatecrownand the primarydistinction is one of weight. In any event sinceno weightsare available
for the Agorabronze,I am unable even to attempt a separationof the two denominationsfor this period.
93 Variantobversewith head laureater. as BMC, III, p. 504, note 1693.
95 Variantobversewith bust drapedr., head bare as Cohen,II, p. 176, 827.
98 This wornobverseseemsto be a variant with bust drapedr., head bare (confirmed).
99 Variantobversewith draperyon 1. shoulderas BMC, III, p. 475, note 1549.
100 Variantobversewith head laureater. as BMC, III, p. 475, note 1552.
108 The legendsare badly wornbut the types seem to be those of Cohen,II, p. 349, 801.
111 Variantobversewith head laureate1. as Cohen,II, p. 328, 590.
114 One coin has a variant obversewith head radiate1. as Cohen,II, p. 309, 403.
122 The obverselegendis almost illegible.The coin may belongto the issue of 158-159 A.D. as BMC, IV,
pp. 354f., 2075-2077.
128 Variantreversewith no box visible as Cohen,II, p. 432, 249.
NA Bust of Faustina I drapedr.
131 DIVAFAVSTI
Rev.AETERNITAS
SC Juno, veiled and draped,standingfront with head left, r. armraised and 1. arm
lowered.
1)
(PLATE
The Agoracoin is identical with the referenceexcept that the reverseshows no trace of the sceptrewhich
Junoholdsin herleft hand. It seemslikely that this representsan erroron the part of the die-cutter.Thereis
an As type with the AETERNITAS SC legend and a female figure (Juno?) standing with right armraised
and left arm close to her side (BMC, IV, p. 247, 1542), but the representationon the Agora coin is much
closer to that of the sestertius type with sceptre attribute.
136 DIVA FAVSTINA Bust of Faustina I draped r.

Rev. IVNO[NI RE]GINAE Juno seated 1. on throne with high back, holding patera in extended r.
hand and long sceptre in 1.; at feet, peacock.
(PLATE 1)
This is a hybrid, probably an ancient forgery. The obverse of Faustina I is coupled with a reverse of Faustina II
(of. BMC, IV, p. 401, 122-124) where, however, Juno is on a low seat. The style of the Agora coin and the
weight (2 grams), whichis light even with allowancefor corrosion,indicate an irregularissue.
141 Variant obverse legend with AVRELas Cohen, III, p. 85, 878.
148 The ending of the obverse legend is vague. The coin may belong to the earlier issue of 172-178 A.D.
(BMC, IV, p. 627, 1437).
151 The obverse legend may end TR P XXXII, as BMC, IV, p. 674, 1676, in which case the date is 177-178
A.D,
COMMENTARY 89
172 IMPCAESARL AVRELIVS VERVSAVG Bust drapedand cuirassedr., head bare.

Rev. FELlTEMPCOS II SC Felicitas standing1.,holdingcaduceusand cornucopiae.
(PLATE1)
Withrespectto obversetype andboth obverseandreverselegends,this pieceis a variantof the BMCreference.
Unfortunatelyits conditionprecludessatisfactoryreproduction,but the coin has been recheckedand a cast
of it bears out the readings given above.
174 Variant obverselegend with AVRELas Cohen,III, p. 194, 257.
176 The reverse legend is somewhatuncertain. The coin may belong to the issue of 168-169 A.D. with
TRPOTVIIIIIMPV COS IIISC (as BMC, IV, p. 608,*).
192 The coin is in poor condition;this seemsto be the reverselegend and type.
193 On this worn reverse the legend may read IVNO REGINASC as RIC, III, p. 443, 682. The same
type occurswith both legends.

200 All trace of silver has disappearedfrom this plated coin. Due to breaksin the flan, the legends are
fragmentary.The space seems right for the reverseform given in the catalogue,but it is possiblethat the
originalreadingwas PMTRP XVll COS IIl PP (as BMC, V, p. 357, 6f.), in which case the coin was struckin
209 A.D.
201 The obverse legend fades at the end. The issue may be that of 194-195 A.D. with L SEPTSEVPERT
as BMC, V, p. 129, 514f.
AVG IMP1111,
202 This seems to be the correctreverselegend and type, but the coin is in poor condition.
207 The reverselegend is worn but is probablythis readingratherthan IVNO SC as on No. 206.
210 The reverseinscriptionis wornbut is probablythis reading.
216 The Agoracoin has a variant obversewith radiate bust drapedr., as BMC, V, p. 455, note 126.
218 ANTONINVS ........... G Bust radiate and drapedr.
Rev. PMTRP XV!! CO [S 1111 PP] Sol radiate standing1., raisingr. hand and holdingglobe.
This coin, if correctlydeciphered,is probablyan ancient forgery. It has been recheckedbut is too broken
and corrodedfor reproduction.A similarcoin is listed in RIC, IV1, p. 246, 245 (after Cohen,IV, p. 169, 243)
but with the obverse legend ANTONINVSPIVSAVG GERM.In citing this coin in the BMC, Mattingly
remarksthat its reverselegend belongsto 214 A.D. whereasthe regularissue of doubledenariionly begins
in 215 A.D. The Agora specimen is all the strangerin that its obverse legend, which presumablyis AN-
TONINVSPIVSFELAVGsince the G endinghas been confirmed,dates back to a still earlierperiod.
226 Since the coin is not available,it is impossibleto tell whether it should be attributed to Rome, as
listed, or whetherit belongsto an issue with the same types and legendsassignedon the basis of style to an
Eastern mint, possiblyAntioch (BMC, V, p. 586, 338f.).
227 The Agorapiece varies slightly in that the laureatebust r. seemsto be drapedand seen fromthe front;
in the reverse field there is no star (confirmed).
229 The chronological arrangement of the coinage from Severus Alexander to Pupienus follows Pink, "Der
Aufbau der r6mischen Miinzprigung in der Kaiserzeit", Num. Zeit., 1935, pp. 12-34.
249 This issue is one of those assigned to Antioch in the RIC listing, with reference made in the introductory
text (p. 62, note *) to Pink's theory that the Eastern issues are not those of a regular mint but the work
of a company of forgers or a revolutionary party in the East (Num. Zeit., 1935, p. 14). Bellinger (Dura, VI,
pp. 131f., Nos. 1162-1167) summarizes Pink's argument and states his objections to it.
250 IMP ALEXANDERPIVS AVG Bust laureate, draped r.
Rev. VENVS CEL Female figure seated 1., holding cornucopiae and extending right hand to child at
her feet.
(PLATE 1)
This would certainly seem to be a forgery. The obverse of Severus Alexander is coupled with a corrupt form
of the VENVS CAELESTISlegend of Julia Soaemias. The reverse type, however, is that of Fecunditas rather
than Venus. This combinationof types togetherwith the abbreviatedand misspelledlegendis most peculiar,
suggestingan imitation, but the coin does not look particularlybarbaric.Thereis a hybrid, a base denarius,
listed in the RIC, IV,, p. 94, 808, which pairs an Alexanderobverse with the usual VENVSCAELESTIS
reverse of Soaemias.
293 On one of these coins the obverselegendreadsFELIXinstead of FELas RIC, IV,, p. 48, note 297.
305-308 The distinctionbetweenthe two mints,in the case of Nos. 305, 307f., is a stylistic one- a class-
ification which I am unable to make. No. 306 is one of a groupof coins segregatedin the RIC volume as
irregularissues, possibly of Eastern origin or the workof ancient forgers.
309f. These two pieces are classifiedas hybrids in the RIC listing. The first has a reverseof Gordiannot
paired with the usual obverse;the second has a reverse of Philip I. Mattingly suggeststhat such irregular
issues may be the products of forgers.

325 IMPM IVLPHILIPPVSAVG Bust radiate, cuirassed1.

Rev. AEQVITASAVG Aequitasstanding 1. with cornucopiaeand scales.
1)
(PLATE
The reverselegend with AVGinstead of AVGGis given in Cohen,V, p. 95, 8, but Mattinglystates that the
single G is an error.Bellinger (Dura,VI, p. 56, No. 1249) lists two specimensfrom the excavations,both
with AEQVITASAVGbut with obversebust radiater.
328 This is listed as a hybridin RIC, the reversenot pairedwith the right obverse.
334 A hybrid, accordingto Mattingly,since the reverseis not coupledwith the right obverse.
358f. In Berytus,VIII, 1943,pp. 61-64 andinDura,VI, p. 137,Nos. 1267-1304,Bellingerdiscussesthe transfer

of the mint fromAntiochto Emisain 252-253 A.D. Sincethe Agoracoins are not at hand for furtherstudy,
I cannot distinguishbetween the two mints on groundsof style. It would seem more likely that Athens
drew her supply of coinagefrom Antioch.
364 An issue at Milanis identicalin types and legends (RIC, IV,, p. 181, 205).
368 fi. The coinageof Valerianand his familypresentsnumerousproblemsin mint attributionand chronology
which are of particularpertinencefor this tabulationbecauseof the large numberof Gallienuspieces found
in the Agora. The fundamentalcataloguesfor the period are those of Otto Voetter (Num. Zeit., 1900, pp.
117-147 and 1901, pp. 73-110) and Percy Webb (RomanImperialCoinage,Vol. V, part 1, 1927). Since the
RIC volume appeared,considerablework has been done on individualmints by Alf6ldi, Elmer and others,
but there had been no recent attempt at a systematictreatmentof the entirecoinagepriorto the publication
by Robert Gobl of another section of the Vienna "Aufbau"series covering the years of the joint reign,
253-260 A.D. (Num. Zeit., 1951, pp. 8-45). A study of the 260-268 A.D. period by the same authoris now
in progress.
It has been very difficult to decide how to list the Agora coins. Many of the special studies have made
changesin mint attributionsand dates which render the RIC cataloguesomewhatout-of-date. However,
in certaininstancesthe formin whichthe new materialis presented- sometimeswith little or no illustration-
together with the fact that some of the articles appear in comparatively inaccessible periodicals detract
from their usefulness as general reference works.
The overwhelming majority of the Agora coins belong to the sole reign of Gallienus and were struck at
Rome and in Asia. For Rome there has been no recent effort to fix the chronology of the later issues, and
in view of GSbl's forthcoming publication, it would seem pointless to go back to Voetter's work of 1900 for
more restricted datings than the general 260-268 A.D. classification. It should be noted that for the joint
reign, G6bl's dates are in most cases slightly different from those of the RIC, being generally a year later.
For the Asia mints we are fortunate in having two studies by Andreas Alfoldi ("Die Hauptereignisse der
Jahre 253-261 n. Chr. im Orient im Spiegel der Miinzprigung" in Berytus, IV, 1937, pp. 41-68 and "Die
romische Miinzpr~igungund die historischen Ereignisse im Osten zwischen 260 und 270 n. Chr." in Berytus,
V, 1938, pp. 47-91). These works, based on a hoard of antoniniani from northern Syria, have placed the
issues of the Asia mints on a firm foundation, reattributing some of the pieces assigned by Webb to Moesia
and dividing the RIC Asia category into the emissions of three separate mints. For the Asia coinage, there-
fore, the dates and references are those of Alfbldi's publications, with pages and numbers cited for Berytus, V
and plates for Berytus, IV since the form of the latter work makes reference to the text difficult.
COMMENTARY 91
With the exceptionof this groupof Asia mints, it has seemedbest to use the RIC referencesand to avoid
confusionby followingthe mint attributionsand datings therein given. Some of the emendationsproposed
by later writers have been indicated in the course of the commentary;for a more completelisting of the
literatureof this coinage,the readershouldconsult G6bl(op.cit., p. 10).
376-378 G6bl dates the first emissionof the Milanmint to 259-260 A.D. and includesnone of these types
in it. CONCORDIAMILIThe assigns to Rome, 253-254 A.D.; SALVSAVGG(type of RIC, V1, p. 57, 252)
to Viminacium,257 A.D.; SECVRIT PERPET to Cologne,258 A.D.
379-388 The dates given by G6blfor the issues of the two Asia mints are more closely definedthan those
of Alf61ldi.Bellinger ("The NumismaticEvidence from Dura", Berytus, VIII, 1943, pp. 65-67) gives his
reasons for dating the first emission at Antioch from 253 A.D. He also suggests 254 A.D. as the opening
year for the second Asia mint.
The location of this secondmint in Asia is an interestingproblem.Alf6ldi,rejectingthe earliersuggestion

of Voetter that it might have been situated at Cyzicusor Tripolis,arguesfor its establishmentat Samosata
and in this attributionhe is followedby Gobl.Bellinger,citing historicalevidencewhichmakesthat location
impossible,would place it at Emisa. Of 245 coins of Valerianfrom the Dura Excavations,43 belong to this
second Asia mint, which proportioncertainly seems too high for the identificationof the issuing mint as
Cyzicus.However, of the 38 coins of Valerianfrom the Agora, 12 were struck by this mint, as contrasted
with 8 from Antioch. Assumingthat these proportionsbear a reasonablyclose relationshipto the money
originallyin circulation,it seems strangethat a mint as remoteas Emisa shouldhave been supplyingAthens
with one-third of her coinage during the reign of Valerian. Were one consideringthe Agora coins alone,
Cyzicuswould appearto be a suitable location for the mint in question, particularlysince it was operating
a few years later under ClaudiusII. Mattingly, in fact, suggests that Cyzicuswas functioningduring the
last years of Gallienus(Num. Chron.,Ser. 5, XVI, 1936, p. 108). Possibly a further argumentfor Cyzicus
is provided by the Antioch Excavation figures where the coins of the second Asia mint outnumberthose
of Antioch, which leads Mrs. Waageto question Alf6ldi'sattributions(Antioch,IV, ii, pp. 101f.). The signi-
ficant circumstanceis that later, under Diocletian and his associates,morecoins of Cyzicusthan of Antioch
itself were found in the excavations.Whateverthe final answer,it seems to me that the Agorafinds must
be taken into considerationas indicating a mint nearerAthens than either Emisa or Samosata.
397 The mint mark on one coin is (confirmed),not listed in RIC for this type.
401 The same type was struckat Siscia, RIC, V1, p. 181, 565.
403 Milanalso issued this type with the PI mint markof our coins, RIC, V1,p. 172, 474.
406 One coin is a variant: Gallienus'head is radiate r., Fortuna'srudderrests on a globe, and the mint
markis Jj (confirmed).
413 Some of these coins may belong to Milan as RIC, V1, p. 173, 489. The mint marks are recordedas
(3), + (1).
P(1),
417
_ Siscia has the same type also without mint mark,_, RIG, VA,p. 182, 577.
423 Some of this group of Agora coins may have been struck at Siscia, cf. RIC, V1, p. 183, 585. The obverse
is uniformlyGALLIENVS
AVGwith a radiate head r. On four reverses Uberitas is representedwith purse
and cornucopiae, on seven with grapes and cornucopiae. The obverse type and legend is given only for Siscia
in the RIC listing; the reversetype with purseis assignedto Rome and that with grapesto Siscia.However,
five of the Agoracoinswith grapesand one with pursehave the Romemint mark,J; the remainderhavej[.
It seems likely that at least nine of the Agora pieces belong to Rome.
426 No mint markis specifiedin RIG; our coin is recordedas having Z .
429 Milan has the same type, RIC, p. 177, 534. All three coins have --
Vr,
430 Both coins have the obverse legend GALLIENVSAVG (confirmed). This is not given in the RIC listing.
431 Gohl attributes this issue to Viminacium in 257 A.D. Nos. 432/. are not included in his compilation
for the joint reign.
432 This coin presentsa variant obversewith the bust radiate, draped1. (PLATE 1).
434 In an article "The Reckoningby the Regnal Years and Victories of Valerianand Gallienus"(Jour.
Rom.Studies,XXX, 1940, p. 4), AlfSldidates this issue to 266 A.D., the VIIreferringnot to the tribunician
powerbut to the imperialconsulship.
445 This is a 258 A.D. issue of Cologneaccordingto G6bl.
446-456 In his study of the mint of Siscia under Gallienus ("Siscia",Num. Kiz., 1927/8, pp. 14-58),
Alf6ldi divides the issues into three periods. Accordingto his classificationour Nos. 446-448 werestruck
c. 261-263 A.D.; No. 449 c. 264-268 A.D.; Nos. 450f. c. 267-268 A.D. No. 452 he attributesto the mint
of Rome; No. 453 to either Rome or an uncertainPannonianmint, possibly Sirmium;No. 454 to the same
Pannonianmint. No. 456 is not listed amongAlf61ldi's Sisciatypes, nor is No. 455 with the Sj and IS
mint marks of our coins.

447 The same type is listed for Milanin RIC, V1, p. 174, 501. All pieceshave _.
457-459 Alf8ldi attributes these types to an uncertainmint in Asia Minor,Ephesusbeing advancedas a
possibility.Mattingly (Num. Chron.,Ser. 5, XVI, 1936, p. 108) thinks it was probablyCyzicus.
The reverselegend on our No. 457 is blundered,AETERNTT instead of AETERNIT (PLATE 1).
463 This type with IMPGALLIENVS AVG,as listed in RIC, V1,p. 103, 437, is not given byAlf61dialthough
it wouldseemto belongto the secondemissionat Antioch(Berytus,IV, p. 44, b). A cast confirmsthe identity
of the Agora coin and the RIC reference.
477 The mint mark on one coin is uncertain.
501 GALLIENVS AVG Radiate, drapedbust r.
AVG Sol standing 1., raising r. hand and holding globe in 1. Crescentin 1. field.
Rev. AETERNITATI
1)
(PLATE
This type with the crescentin the left field is given by neither Webbnor Alf6ldi.It belongswith the latter's
sixth emissionat Antioch, as recordedon p. 56 of Berytus,V, and is anotherexample of the final stage of
the "star" striking.
516 GALLIENVSAVG Head radiate r.
Rev. LAETITIA AVGG Laetitia standing1. with wreath and anchor.
(PLATE 1)
Apparentlythis is an addition to the list of hybrids cited in RIC, V1, p. 160, which combinean obverse of
the sole reignwith a reverseof the joint reign.
517 Gobl attributes this issue to Milan,259-260 A.D.
533-536 Accordingto AlfSldi'sclassification("Siscia",Num. KSz.,1927/8),our No. 533 shouldpresumably
be dated c. 264-266 A.D. although the mint markingsgiven by Alf6ldi are not identical with those of the
RIC reference.No. 534 belongsto the periodc. 267-268 A.D. No. 535 is not listed by Alf5ldifor Siscia nor
L
is No.536. Thelatter type with PI or PIll is attributedto an uncertainmint nearSiscia,possiblySirmium.
546 This type, listed in the RIC for Asia, is not included in Alfoldi's two Berytus studies. The exact type
is not given by GSblbut a somewhatsimilarone is attributedby him to Cologne,259-260 A.D.
558 Alf6ldi (Num. Chron., Ser. 5, IX, 1929, pp. 261f.) places Postumus' accession in 260 A.D.; Mattingly
(Num. Chron., Ser. 5, XVI, 1936, pp. 94f.) follows Webb in dating it 259 A.D.
568f. The attributionin the RIC volumeis to Cyzicus.
572 Webb assigns this type to Rome (RIC, V1, p. 212, 14).
573 One of these coins has an overstruck obverse.
DIVO CLAV[ Radiate head r.
Rev. CONSECRATIO Eagle 1., head r.
(PLATE 2)
On the obverse the beginning of the reverse legend CONSEC.. runs around from the second V of DIVO
CLAV across the emperor's neck, and there are faint traces of the reverse eagle on the head of Claudius.
This rather strange example of overstriking may represent an attempt on the mint workman's part to
COMMENTARY 98
strengthenthe ending of the obverse legend (the concludingDIO has left no trace on the coin). By some
accidentthe reversedie instead of the obverseone was used for this secondimpression.
574 These four coins are in poor condition. One has the mint mark -, which indicates Milan according
to Webb; on the others only the reversetype is visible.
579 This type with the J mint mark of our coins is also listed underMilan,as RIG, V1,p. 281, 146.
581 One of the two coins with the page 272, 62 referencemay belong to Milanas RIG, V1, p. 280, 137.
592 Any or all of the pieceswith the referenceto page 288, 215 may be issues of Rome (cf. RIC, V1,p. 271,
59); one coin with the referenceto page 288, 216 has the same mint mark as the Rome strikingof RIC, V2,
p. 271, 60.
595 One coin has a variant obverse:bust radiate and cuirassed1. with spear and shield (confirmed).
600 For one coin the strikingmint may be Rome as RIG, YV,p. 271, 59.
605 One specimenhas a variant obverselegend: IMPAVRELIANVS
AVG (confirmed).
612 Thistype withthe mintmark 4-, whichis foundononeof theAgoracoins,is listedin the RICvolume
for Serdica(p. 294, 260) and Milan(p. 279, 129) as well as for Cyzicus.
613 Rome is a possibilityfor one coin (cf. RIC, V1, p. 271, 53).
614 One coin, otherwisecorrespondingto RIC, V1, p. 304, 349, has a variant obverse legend and a mint
mark not includedin the listing of Webb.
IMPC AVRELIANVS AVG Bust radiate and cuirassedr.
Rev. RESTITVTOR ORBIS Female figure standing r. presentingwreath to Aurelianstanding 1. and
holding spear;betweenthem, suppliantkneelingfigure.Mint mark
*
2)
(PLATE
648 IMPC M ANN FLORIANVS AVG Bust radiate and cuirassedr.
Rev. VICTORIAPERPETVA
AVG Victory standing r. presentingwreath to Florian standing 1. and
holding sceptre.Mint mark KA
*
"
(PLATE
2)
Webb does not list this reverselegendfor Florianbut he doesincludeit for Tacitus(RIGC,
V1,p. 346, 201-203)
with the same Serdicamint mark.
650 Pink attributesthis type with the mint markof our coin to Rome ratherthan to Siscia which is
XXIA
the mint of the RIC reference.
For the coinageof Probusthe RIC referenceshave been retainedbut the dates and attributionsare those
of Pink's recent work ("Der Aufbau der ramischenMiinzpraigung in der Kaiserzeit: VI/I Probus," Num.
Zeit., 1949, pp. 13-74).
655 The poorly preserved obverse inscription seems to read IMP PROBVS PF AVG (confirmed). This is
not given in the RIC listing but is recorded by Pink (op. cit., p. 58).
657 On this coin the mint mark is (confirmed). Cf. RIG, V2, p. 87, 187 for RV and Num. Zeit. 1949,
p. 59for-L.
RVA
691 The mint mark (confirmed)is not listed in the RIC for this Salus type. It does occur in Pink
with the SALVSAVGlegend- datedto 280 A.D. - but the type there is Salusstandingr., not seated 1. as on
our coin.
693 Two coins with j (RIC, VY2,p. 29, 101) are attributed by Webb to Lyons. A third coin, otherwise
like RIC, V2, p. 113, 869, has the variant obverse legend PERPETVOIMP PROBO P AVG, listed by Pink
as occurring at Serdica.
696 Accordingto Webb the mint marks on three of these coins are also found at Siscia in combination
TEMPtype. Pink, however,attributes all of them to Cyzicus.
with the CLEMENTIA
727 No trace of the silver wash remains.
The coinageof the 1st Tetrarchy,like that of Valerianand his family,presentsa referenceproblem.Webb's
RomanImperialCoinagedeals only with the pre-reformissues; for that periodthe RIC referencesand dates
have been used. The later coinageis treated by Voetter in his catalogueof the Paul Gerin Collection(Die
Miinzender riimischenKaiser, Kaiserinnenund Caesarenvon Diocletianusbis Romulus, Vienna, 1921) and
in a series of articlesin the NumismatischeZeitschriftfor 1911, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1923 and 1925. The dates
for this post-reformperiod are those of Voetter if I have cortectly understoodhis chronologicaldivisions as
indicatedin the publicationscited above. One deviationof whichI am consciousis in respectto the beginning
of the new reformcoinage.Voetterbelievesthat it startedearlierin somemints than in others,but his special

studiesin the Zeitschriftdo not includeall mints representedat the Agora.Ratherthan presentanunbalanced
picture, I have preferredto retain the general 296 A.D. dating for the inaugurationof the reform issues
throughoutthe empire.
The bulk of the Agoramoney for the Tetrarchyperiod consists of CONCORDIAMILITVM pieces. A few
are antoninianiof the pre-reformseries with the mark of value, XXI, in the exergue;many more belong to
an almost identical bronzeissue with mint letters above the exergualline but no mark of value below. This
new AE denominationis describedas a three-scruplepiece by L. C. West ("TheCoinageof Diocletianand the
Edict on Prices",Studiesin RomanEconomicand Social History,Princeton,1951, pp. 290-802).
738 CONCORDIAMILITVM pieces with the K mint mark of Cyzicushave turned up in quantity in the
AntiochExcavations(Nos. 1307, 1819, 1826, 1334). Sincethey are morenumerousthan the issues of the same
type attributed to Antioch, Mrs. Waage remarks"The large numberof these coins found at Antioch casts
considerabledoubt on Cyzicusas the mint."
In this connection,however,the finds at Athens should be taken into consideration.The coin totals for
Diocletian and his colleagues from both sites are closely comparable,and the amount of CONCORDIA
MILITVM money is also about the same:
AGORA ANTIOCH
all coins CMissueswith K all coins CM issueswith K
Diocletian 72 25 92 25
Maximian 108 71 98 58
ConstantiusChlorus 22 11 25 17
Galerius 51 84 37 19
It seemsto me that the figuresfromthe two excavations suggest only that Cyzicuswas the major supply
mint at this period.
764 MAXIMIANVS NOB CAES Head laureater.
Rev. FELIXADVENTAVGGNN Africa with elephant head-dressstanding 1., holding standardand
elephanttusk; at her feet, crouchinglion (vague).
PKA
(PLATE 2)
The date, 296-297 A.D., is that suggestedby Elmer ("Die Priigungendes staatlichenr6mischenMiinzamtes
in Karthago",Num. Zeit., 1932, pp. 24-26). He believes that this was the first issue struck after the arrival
of MaximianHerculeusin Carthageand the organizationof the mint there.
797 One coin has a wreath in the left field, as Cohen,VII, p. 200, 112, instead of the palm describedby
Maurice. -
SMN (confirmed).
810 It was first thought that these two specimens were struck at Nicomedia, a mint not included in Maurice
amongthose issuing this type for LiciniusII. A cast of one coin was forwardedfrom Athens and it seems to
me that the blurredmint mark is more likely L than L In all probability the same is true of
the secondcoin which has not been reexamined.SMHF SMN"
COMMENTARY 95
814 Mauricedoes not list PROVIDENTIAE

CAESSfor Licinius II at Antioch. Our mint mark, though
somewhatcorroded,seems to be Cf. MauriceIII, p. 188, V for an Antioch issue of Crispuswith this
ANTA
same type. ----.
818 One of these coins has an uncertainmint mark. It was originallyrecordedas seems
R, which
AQEr'
impossible.From the cast the only letters which are absolutelycertain are the S in the right field and the Q
in the exergue.I think it is probably with the faint markingsfollowingthe RQ due either to corrosion
or to restriking. R_
823 On one specimenSol is advancing1. and the mint markreads OT (confirmed),not given in Maurice.
826 The mint marks,althoughvague, seem to be those of Treves.
829 In the exergue of the Agora coin there are two captives back to back between the letters P and L.
This form of the mint markis given in Mauricebut not associatedwith the VICTORIAE type.
830 This piece correspondsto the referenceexcept that the mint markis P (confirmed).In Mauricethe
initial star is listed only for later emissions.
832 The mint markwas originallyread as but the type is not given in Mauricefor Rome, nor does
Rome apparentlyuse this combination.Judgingfromthe cast, the readingcouldwell be representing

P--,
a slight variationof the Arles mint markingslisted by Maurice.
833 The exergue marking is I (confirmed).A similar readingwithout an officina letter before the
CONST
mint nameis illustratedon Pl. VI, 23 of Maurice, .
CONSTA
835 Onecoin,type of Maurice,II, p. 336,V. 4, has
I (confirmed).
839f. Althoughthese posthumoustypes are not recordedby Mauriceas having been struck at Siscia, our
mint marks have been confirmed as an
and
ASjS
"--. )SIS'
844 The reverse of our coin correspondsexactly to the Cohenreference,even to the mint mark
TSrVI
(confirmed). Voetter also records the type for Thessalonica (Gerin, p. 33889,
21).
850f. Neither issue is listed in Maurice for Thessalonica but Miss Edwards (Corinth, VI, Coins, p. 94, 278)
has the VN MR type. On the Agora pieces the mint marks are for one Pietas specimen (confirmed)
and apparently T for the quadriga.
TSA
866 This type is not in Maurice for Nicomedia but our specimen has -- (confirmed).
*SMN"
869 On the Agora coin, which otherwise corresponds to Cohen, VII, p. 281, 462, the reverse legend reads
in errorPROVIDENTIA
CAESS.The type is not includedin Mauricefor Nicomediabut our mint mark is
SMN (all confirmed but reproduction impossible).
870 One specimen, type of Maurice, III, p. 78, I. 1, has

' SMNf*' , not given in Maurice.
96 THE ATHENIANAGORA: COINS
874 This issue is recordedby Mauricefor Carthage(I, p. 353, III. 3) but not for Cyzicus.The Agoramint
markhas been confirmedas either or
SMKA MKA .L
878 It is not certain that these two coins belong to Cyzicus;Mauricedoes not list the type at that mint.
One of our mint
our
One of marks
mint marks is recorded
recorded as (checkedand probablycorrect);the other as SMKC(possible
aSMKA
SMK
but not certain).
886 The type is not in Mauricefor ConstantineI at Antioch. Onepiece has (confirmed);the other
SANT
ANTA"
893 Mauricedoes not give this type for Alexandriaand it is by no means certain that our coins belong
there. The mint marksare recordedas ALEA and SMAL.Both have been reexaminedbut the pieces are
in poor conditionand certainty is impossible.
is not listed by Mauricefor Fausta at Cyzicus; the Agora coin has SMKE
916 SALVSREIPVBLICAE
(confirmed).
920 Cyzicusis not amongthe mints strikingthis type for Helen accordingto Maurice'slisting. One of our
coins has been confirmedas reading SMKA
SMKA"
923 The VRBSROMAand CONSTANTINOPOLIS issues are attributedto the reigns of ConstantineI and
his sons. The beginningdate for each type is that of Maurice,who indicatesin the case of certainmints that
the strikingmay have started in 330 ratherthan 333 A.D. With respect to the GLORIAEXERCITVS issues,
it seems likely that they stoppedin 340 A.D. when ConstantiusII and Constansceasedto use this type on
their regnal coinages.
931 Thistype is not given by Mauricefor Nicomediabut a similarpieceis listed by Voetter (Gerin,p. 193,3).
One Agoraspecimenhas SMNO (confirmed).
937 Ourmint markis No. 833 above for a similarreadingillustratedin Maurice.

CONST(confirmed).Cf.
942 Althoughnot in Maurice,the type is given by Voetter for Heraclea(Gerin,p. 119, 8). The mint mark
on the Agora specimen is (confirmed).
SMHF
945 Maurice does not list this type for Constantinople but he does give a similar hybrid piece under Rome
(I, p. 258, II). CONSJA (confirmed).
959 Only VICTORIAELAET PRINC PERPis given by Maurice for Arles but Voetter (Gerin, p. 86, 16) has
the LAETAEform with a mint mark differing from our (confirmed).
T*4A
964 This type is not included under Thessalonica by Maurice. The Agora coin has (confirmed) and
corresponds exactly to Cohen, VII, p. 841, 19. _
973 The Cohen reference lists the type as AE4 but the Agora piece is AE3. Our mint mark seems to read
a form not given in Mauricefor either Constantinopleor Arles.
COS (confirmed),
COMMENTARY 97
992 One coin has a variant obverse:head laureater. (confirmed).This correspondsto Cohen,VII, p. 369,
88, but is not in Maurice.
997 In his study of the brief reign of ConstantineII ("Constantinusjunior als Augustus",Num. Zeit.,
1909,p. 14), Voetterassignsto that emperorcertainissueswhichCohenlists underConstantineI. Thenumbers
pertinentto this tabulationare Cohen244-249 and 252f., all with the GLORIAEXERCITVS reverse.Voetter's
re-attributions, based on size and legend forms, seem to me to gain strong confirmationfrom the fact that
unless some or all of these issues are assignedto ConstantineII, there is not a singlecoin in the Agoradating
to the three year periodwhen he was Augustus.
1029 For the coinagesof ConstantiusII and Constansafter337 A.D., the restricteddates are those suggested
by Voetter (Num.Zeit., 1909, pp. 1-14) and by Mattingly(Num. Chron.,Ser. 5, XIII, 1933, pp. 182-202 and
Ser. 6, VI, 1946, pp. 115f.). Voetter regardsthe VOT XX MVLTXXX of ConstantiusII, the VOT XV MVLT
XX of Constansand also the latter'shybridVOTXX MVLTXXX as contemporaryissuesstartingin 343 A.D.

Mattinglybelieves that the sons of Constantinecontinuedtheirfather'sGLORIA EXERCITVS (one standard)

type down to 340 A.D. After the death of ConstantineII, the VICTORIAE DD AVGGQNN reverse was
initiated by Constantiusand Constansand remainedin use at least until 345 and perhapsas late as 348 A.D.
At that time, i. e. 348 A.D., the variousFELTEMPREPARATIO types were introducedin celebrationof the
1,100th anniversaryof Rome. With respect to these last issues I am somewhatuncertainas to Mattingly's
exact chronology.In speakingof the FELTEMPREPARATIO type with a warriorspearinga fallen horseman,
he suggeststhat the "PB" denominationwas probablylater than the "MB".In the courseof the same article
the abandonmentof the AE2 coinageis linked with the downfallof Magnentius,but in the Chroniclestudy
of 1946, a later date, c. 356 A.D., is given for the breakdownof Constantius'reformin the empire at large,
at whichtime the "centenionalis"- the AE2 coin- was demonetizedand only the smallerAE3 pieceremained
in circulation.
I do not believe that Mattinglyis implying that there was any considerableinterval between the first
emissionsof the FELTEMPREPARATIO denominations.There is in the Agora a fair representationof the
smaller"fallenhorseman"issue of Constanswhich suggests that it was struck for some little time prior to
350 A.D. As to the terminationof the AE2 coinage,I shouldpreferMattingly'searlierdate, c. 353 A.D., in
view of the proportionsin the Agoraof the FELTEMPREPARATIO issues of Constantius:roughly60 of the
larger coins to over 900 of the smaller.
No chronologicalrestrictionhas been attempted for SPESREIPVBLICE, SECVRITAS REIP,VICTAVG or
VICTORIA AVGG.The secondand third types are used only by ConstantiusII and Constans,not by Julian,
which probablyindicates they antedate 355 A.D. when Julian became Caesar.SPESREIPVBLICE and VIC-
TORIAAVGG,found for all three emperors,may well cover most of the 337-363 A.D. period.
1060 The type is that of Cohen,VII, p. 446, 38, but the Agorapiece is AE3 not AE2 (confirmed).
1108 Maurice does not give the mint mark form which occurs on our coin,
SMANE (confirmed).
1137 DN CONSTANSAVG Bust diademed and draped r.
Rev. GLORIAEXERC[ITVS]Two soldierswith a single standardbetween them.
SCONE
(PLATE2)
This is a variant of Cohen,VII, p. 313, 62, without the FLin the obverselegend.
1193 The obverse legend on the Agora coin reads FL DELMATIVSNOB CAES as Cohen, VII, p. 362, 6.
Maurice gives DALMATIVS.
1197 This piece may be incorrectly attributed. The obverse is badly worn but the bare head with letter
behind couldbe that of Magnentius.On the reverseAVG ETis visible in the legend and the type seemsto be
that of two Victories placing a wreath on a column.
1203 Two of the Agora coins correspond to Cohen, VIII, p. 33, 16 except that they are "PB" instead of
"MB". The same is true of the other specimens listed under a "cf. 16" reference: Nos. 1208, 1210, 1214.
1206 The Cohen reference (VIII, p. 36, 86) is "MB"; the two Agora pieces are "PB".
1219 Our coin has a variant ending for the obverse legend: NOB CS instead of the NOB C of the Cohen
reference.
7
1226 In the case of one coin the obverselegendis too wornto permit an exact reference.It may, therefore,
belong either to the 855-360 A.D. period, where it has been listed, or to the years followingwhen Julian
was Augustus.The same reservationappliesto the SPESREIPVBLICE piecesfrom other mints whichhave the
same "C.?" reference.
1237 One Agora coin, with the usual FELTEMPREPARATIO reverse and the mint mark has an
SMNS'
.
obversebust drapedr., head bare, and the variant legend: [FL]IVLIAN[VSNO]BCAESAR(all confirmed).
On this particularpiece the beginning of the inscriptionis uncertainbut another coin of the same type,
mint uncertain,has the confirmedreading:FL IVLIANVSNOBCAESAR(see No. 1252 below).It seemslikely
that the legend is the same in both cases.
1238 Onone cointhe obversebust is drapedr., headbare,andthe legendreadsDN IVLIANVSNOBCAESAR.

Althoughnot in Cohen,this formis given by Voetter(Gerin,p. 198, 3), whose coin has the same I mint
SMNE
mark of our piece. (PLATE 2).
1252 Two of these coins show the same variant obverselegend describedunderNo. 1237 above (confirmed
for one as FL IVLIANVSNOB CAESARand very probablythe same for the other).
1253 Three coins of this type have the bust drapedr., head bare, and variant obverselegends. One reads
DN IVLIANVSNOBCS; the other two, DN IVLIANVSNOB CAESARand [DN IVLIANV]SNOB CAESAR
(all three confirmed).
Since, on the evidenceof the Agoracoins, the CAESARformof the obverselegendis peculiarto Nicomedia,
it seems probablethat the four pieces with illegible mint markswhich show the same variation also belong
to that mint.
1260 Cyzicusis not listed as one of the mints used by Jovian in Cohen,Voetter or Bernhart (Handbuch
zur MiinzkundederramischenKaiserzeit).Ourmint markis SMKO(confirmed).

A
1268 One coin has a mint mark not given by Pearce:
*SSISC(confirmed).
A?
1271 The form of one mint markis not in the RIC listing, (confirmed).
SISCP
1297 On our coin the mint mark is 9 (confirmed),not in Pearce.
1299 The formof the mint mark,---I is not listed by Pearce.

CS3MTRS(confirmed),
1301 Onemint markis A (confirmed);a second is recordedas . Neither officina is included
*FSISC *ASISC
in the RIC reference.
1311 The silver wash has entirely disappeared from this coin which was apparently intended to pass as an
argenteus or a siliqua.
1330 This type is listed for Procopius in Pearce's earlier study of the late Roman period (The Roman Coinage
fromA.D. 364 to 423, reprintedfrom Spink'sNumismaticCircular,1931-1933),but it is not includedin his
RIC, IX catalogue. The three Agora coins are in poor condition so that certainty is impossible,but they
seem to belong to Procopius.
1334 DN GRATIANVSPF AVG Bust diademed, draped and cuirassed r.

Rev. GLORIA ROMANORVM Roma seated facing on throne, holding globe and spear.
AQPS
(PLATE2)
COMMENTARY 99
Althoughthis specimennow retains no trace of silver, it is probablethat it was once meant as a siliqua.
The type is that ordinarilyassociatedwith VIRTVSROMANORVM, but the GLORIAROMANORVM legend
of the Agoracoin has been confirmedas certain.Pearcegives one exampleof this latter formfor the mint of
Sirmium(?) in the RICG I
(IX, p. 160, 11), and anotherwith LVGPSis cited by Cohen(VIII, p. 128, 18). Our
coin indicates that Aquileiaalso put out the same type.
1394 The VICTORIAAVGGGtype with two facing Victoriesis listed by Pearce for other mints but not
for Constantinople.On the Agora piece the mint mark is (confirmed).
CONSA
1430 Pearce (RomanCoinage,p. 35) believes that the mint of Siscia operated until about 387 A.D., at
which time it was dismantledand probablynever re-opened.Althoughmentioningexamplesof later issues,

such as SALVSREIPVBLICAE, listed in sales catalogues as having Siscia mint marks, he feels that they
should be disregardeduntil their attributioncan be tested. The confirmedreading on this Agoracoin
S
of Theodosiusprovesthat Siscia was functioningafter387 A.D., if Pearceis right in dating the beginningof
the SALVSREIPVBLICAE issue to 388 A.D. Onespecimenof the same type struckby Arcadiusat Siscia was
also found in the Agora (No. 1504).
1444 This type is listed in the RIC volume as having been struck at Constantinopleby ValentinianII and
Arcadiusbut not by Theodosius.It does, however,appearelsewherefor that emperorand it is reasonable
to supposethat Constantinoplealso issued the type. Ourmint markwhich seems to read C is perhaps
blunderedfor .
CONF"
1448 VIRTVSAVGGGis not given by Pearceas one of the types put out at Constantinoplefor Theodosius.
The Agora coin has CCONSC (confirmed).
1497 The SALVSREIPVBLICAE type is not listed at any mint for Eugenius in the RIC catalogue, but
Miss Edwards (Corinth,VI, p. 116, 680) has a specimenfrom the CorinthExcavations. On our piece the
beginningof the obverselegend is preserved DN EVGE[(confirmed).
1498 Pearce'snew RIC volume ends with the death of TheodosiusI in 395 A.D. Only the earlierissues of
Arcadiusand Honoriusare includedin it. One of these, SALVSREIPVBLICAE, must surely continue after
395 at most mints. From the Agora, one-halfof the entire coinage of Arcadiusand one-quarterof that of
Honoriusare of this Victory and captive type, which seems far too high a proportionfor the comparatively
briefperiodpriorto 395 whenthe two wereAugusti.I shouldbe inclinedto thinkthat the SALVSREIPVBLICAE
issue goes on at least until 400 and possibly down to 408 A.D. TheodosiusII does not use the type, but it
does reappear under Johannes and Valentinian III.
With the coins of Arcadius, Honorius and Theodosius II which date after 895 A.D., I have attempted a
chronological arrangement based on the emperors using any given type, the type itself and the form of the
reverse legend. In the case of some issues, such as those with the three emperors type or AVGGG in the
reverse inscription, one feels fairly confident that they belong to 400-408 A.D., at which time Arcadius,
Honorius and Theodosius were sharing the imperial power. Other issues, however, have no clear indication
of date and with still others the evidence is confusing. CONCORDIA AVGG (Roma seated) and GLORIA
ROMANORVM (two emperors with shields) appear under all three emperors. It is possible that the latter
type was not issued during the 400-408 A.D. period, being struck first by Arcadius and Honorius and later,
after Arcadius' death, by Honorius and Theodosius, but it seems more likely that it continued from c. 395
to 408 A.D. and was then replaced by the type with two emperors holding a globe. CONCORDIA AVGG is
an AE8 denomination. This larger flan was not used extensively by Honorius and appears only sporadically
under later emperors. Pearce (Roman Coinage, p. 106) remarks that although the AE3 piece was struck in
reduced module up to the early years of Theodosius II, it had by 423 A.D. given way entirely to the AE4
denomination. I should doubt that any of the AE3 types represented at the Agora belong after the death of
7*
Arcadius,and it is quite possiblethat some of Honorius'largeflan issues, such as the GLORIAROMANORVM

types with a single emperor,stopped even earlier.Needlessto say, these datingsare highly tentative, resting
as they do upon surfacecriteriaratherthan any extensive study of the coinageas a whole.
1504 Ourcoin has the confirmedreadings As discussedabove in connectionwith No.1430, the presence
.
in the Agora of SALVSREIPVBLICAE coins of Theodosiusand Arcadiusindicate that Siscia was operating
after 387 A.D. It may well be, however,that the workshopfunctionedfor only a short time thereafter.There
are only two SALVSREIPVBLICAE pieces from Siscia as contrastedwith large numbersfrom other mints.
1506 This VOT X MVLTXX type, althoughgiven for Arcadiusat other mints, is not includedby Pearce
amonghis Thessalonicaissues. TES (confirmed).
1553 One coin has been restruck,but the earliertype is uncertain.

1580 Only Arcadiusis listed by Pearceas having struckthis type at Heraclea.Onecoin has been rechecked
and the mint mark confirmedas S
1581 Thetype is not in Pearcefor any emperorat Heraclea.Both coins are in poorcondition, but one mint
mark has been confirmedas .
CSM3HA"
1607 DN HO[ Bust diademed,drapedand cuirassedr.
Rev. VOT V in wreath.
(broken)
(PLATE
2)
This AE4 coin has a reversecommonlyassociatedwith Arcadiusbut not cited for Honoriusby either Pearce
or Cohen.Two individuals,workingwith the coin itself, read the beginningof the obverselegend as a clear
DN HO. If this is indeed the case, some coins of the VOT V type must have been issued to markHonorius'
elevation to the rank of Augustus as had been done for Arcadiusten years earlier.From the cast which is
reproduced,I am not sure that one can discount the possibility that the emperoris TheodosiusI who is
known to have used this reverse.
1623 The "crossin wreath"type without legend is listed in Pearce only for the mint of Cyzicus.
1624 Pearce does not give this issue for TheodosiusII at Heraclea.Our mint mark has been confirmedas
SMHA'
1630 Although Theodosiusis not recordedas having struck this type at Constantinople,the number of
coins from the Agoraleaves no doubt that there was an extensive emissionfrom that mint.
1634 The mint mark on the Agora coin is (confirmed),but the type is not in Pearce for Theodosius
at Nicomedia. Miss Edwards, however, cites an example from that mint (Corinth, VI, p. 119, 740).
1636 Althoughnot in Pearce for Nicomedia,the type is illustratedby Sabatier (P1. V, 19) with
SMNA.
One of our pieces has N (confirmed).
1641 The mint mark in one case is - but the type is not in Pearce for Theodosiusat
ANTA (confirmed),
Antioch. However,Mrs. Waage recordseight specimensfrom that mint (Antioch,IV, ii, p. 145, No. 1987).
1653 [DN VALENT]INIANVS Bust diademed,drapedand cuirassedr.
Rev. VOT P.F.AG
XX in a wreath -
(PLATE
2)
COMMENTARY 101
Pearce cites two similar examplesof this type for ValentinianIII (RomanCoinage,Add. p. 107, 85 and
p. 108, 85). One has and the other The Newell Collectionof the AmericanNumismaticSociety
R
has a specimenwith
S.
1657 This type in bronze is given by neither Pearce nor Cohenfor Valentinian III, but two specimens
with illegible mint markswere found at Antioch. The obverseinscriptionon the Agorapiece is clearly DN
VALENTINIAN[ and the reversehas the mint mark (all confirmedbut reproductionis impossible).
Pearce (RomanCoinage,Add. p. 2, 78a) does cite a coin with the cross type and a SALVSREIPVBLICAE
legendfor Valentinianat the mint of Rome. SinceCyzicusproducedthe crosswithoutlegendissuein quantity
for TheodosiusII, it is not surprisingto find an exampleof the same type for Valentinianfrom that mint.
1663 Neither Sabatiernor Bernhartlists Heracleaas one of Marcian'smints. Our pieces have SMH (one
confirmed).
1666 Antiochis not given as a mint of Marcianin Sabatieror Bernhart,but five coins with the Antiochene
mint markare listed by Mrs.Waage(Antioch,IV, ii, p. 146, Nos. 2023f.).
1672 One coin seems to have the beginningof a reverselegend: VICTO[(confirmed).The mint markmay
be that of Antioch ICT
1677 Bust of SeverusIII diademedand drapedr. (very obscure)

Rev. Monogramof Ricimer: RiE
2)
(PLATE
Theidentificationof the monogramis that of Friedlaender(Die MiinzenderOstgothen, Berlin,1844,pp. 5 f.)
The Berlincoin, of which he shows a line drawing, has the ending of an obverse inscriptionIRVSP A, referring
to Libius Severus who reigned from 461 to 465 A.D. Ricimer, one of Avitus' generals,had been responsible
for the downfall of that emperor and of his successor Majorian. It was to Ricimer that Severus owed the
imperial throneand during the four years of his rule,the real power remained with the general.After Severus'
death, perhaps at the hand of Ricimer, the latter reigned in all but name for the two year interregnumbefore
the accessionof Anthemius.The coinagewith the head of Severusand the monogramof Ricimermay belong
either to Severus'lifetime when Ricimerexercisedvirtual sovereigntyor to the 465-467 interval beforethe
elevation of Anthemius.
It is probablethat the specimenwith an uncertainmonogramrecordedby Cohen(VIII, p. 229, 18) is an
example of this same type.
1678 Although the form of the monogram is similar to that appearing on "Vandalic" coins (BMC, Vandals,
p. 82, 123), it seems likely that the Agorapiece belongs with Zeno'sregularissues. The obverseinscription
reads DN ZENO AV (confirmed) and there is a mint mark which may be that of Thessalonica, -
"VANDALIC" COINAGE
1682 Of these 118 coins, 19 have R or RMin the exergue, sometimeswith an officinamarkin the left field
(P, S, T or E). Another 32 have only the letter in the field (P, S, T, R or E).
In this catalogueall of the minimi with crudelyrenderedlate Roman types have been groupedwith the
money of the Vandal and Ostrogoth kings under a general "Vandalic" classification. Since there is as yet
no published study of this coinage superseding Wroth's work in the British Museum Catalogue of 1911, this
seems the only feasible arrangement at the present time, but evidence now available indicates that the
attributionof all of these issuesto the Vandalicrulersof North Africais not only dubiousbut quiteimpossible,
Wroth'sconclusionthat the money was struckin Africawasin largemeasureinfluencedby the circumstance

that many specimenshad been found in Africa, Sicily and Italy, with few recordedelsewhere.Since then
"Vandalic"hoardshave been discoveredin Greeceand the excavationsat Athens and Corinthhave produced
these coins in quantity. One striking aspect of the excavation finds is the extent to which the "barbaric"
pieces of certain emperorsapproximateor outnumberthe imperialissues. A partial listing of the Corinthian
and Athenian coins shows this disproportionaterepresentation:
CORINTH(1896-1929) AGORA
Imperial "Barbaric" Imperial "Barbaric"
ValentinianIII 6 11 9 77
Marcian 9 6 107 134
Leo I 6 11 152 130
Zeno 0 5 2 47
Anastasius 7 9 81 243
Miss Edwardsin discussingthe 95 "Vandalic"coins from the Corinthianexcavations (Corinth,VI, p. 11)

rejectsthe attributionto NorthAfricaand suggeststhat the moneywas issuedby Alaricat abandonedRoman
mints in the North and left by his Gothic followersafter the sack of Corinthc. 395 A.D. For some of the
coins found at Corinththis might be a possibleexplanation,but it wouldscarcelyaccountfor pieceswith the
types and legendsof Marcian,Leo, Zeno, Anastasiusand Justinian.
As regardsthe Agoracoins, any connectionwith Alaric'sinvasionis even less likely. The Gothic kingdid
enter Athens prior to his depredationsin the Peloponnese,but apparentlythere was no resistanceand no
extensive destruction,due possibly to the payment of tribute by the Athenians. Moreover,this transitory
occupationhad no noticeable effect on the currencyif one can judge by the numerousissues of Arcadius
and Honoriuswhich come from the excavations. Certainlyit seems improbablethat for nearly a century
the bulk of the currencycirculatingin Athens was that of the northernbarbariansrather than the official
issues of Rome and Byzantium.
After the publicationof the CorinthCatalogue,Miss Edwards workedfurther on the "Vandalic"coins,
and I believe she concludedthat many of them wereimperialemissionsoriginatingin mints on the northern
fringesof the Eastern Empire. This seems a much more plausibleexplanation,but one which perhapsdoes
not go far enough.
Some of the coins from the Agora are named pieces of the Vandal and Ostrogothkings, and others, of
extremelycrudestyle or with no knownRomanprototypes- such as the issues with the palm tree type and
those with strange monogramforms - may well be of barbaricorigin. Such coins are comparativelyrare.
The bulk of the Agora money is in the imperialtradition, distinguishablefrom the standardcoinage only
in the cruderenderingof the types and legends and in the absenceor abbreviationof mint marks.Actually
it is often difficultto decide whetheran individualspecimenbelongsin a regularor irregularcategory, and
this very uncertaintysuggeststhe output of disorganizedofficialmints ratherthan a barbariccoinage.
Duringthe fifth and the early sixth centuriesa state of political and economicchaos prevailedthroughout
the old Romanterritories.Under a successionof weak rulersthe empirewas powerlessagainst the barbarian
tribes who pillagedat will and whose forays were usually terminatednot by force but by tribute. For one
brief interval during the reign of Valentinian III, the Vandals held Rome itself. Constantinople was repeatedly
threatened and although the capital was never captured, the provinces suffered greatly. These recurrent
crises brought the empire on more than one occasion close to economic collapse. In such circumstances the
outlying mints, and perhaps to a lesser degree those of Rome and Constantinople, must have operated under
almost impossible conditions, handicapped by inadequate supplies, disrupted communications and the lack
of any strong central control. If their output was at times wretched in quality and execution, it would
scarcelybe surprising.It is even conceivablethat duringcertainperiodslarge communitieswithout imperial
mints, such as Athens and Corinth,were forced to set up makeshift workshopsand turn out small bronzes
in orderto meet their most urgent monetary needs. The recoveryof the lost provincesand the stabilization
of conditions under Justinian would, for the first time since the reign of TheodosiusI, have permitteda
fundamentalreorganizationof the mints and a closer supervisionof their activities. It was then that the
"Vandalic"issues ceased.
1683 Six pieces have mint markings: q (2), -- (1), li (8).
1685 One coin has a clear ]CI AVG as the termination of the reverse legend and !S in the exergue.
COMMENTARY 103
1687 ] HEODVVSPFA[ Bust diademedand drapedr.
Rev. ]PVB[ Victory with trophy draggingcaptive 1.
2)
(PLATE
This type is not listed by Wrothwith the head of TheodosiusI, but the Agoracoin bearshis portrait (cf.
BMC, P1. III, 23 for a very similarrepresentation).
1688 Onsix specimenstherearemarkingsas follows: ' ' (onfirmed), (2), E.
1689 The SALVSREIPVBLICAE type is given by Wroth only with the bust of ValentinianIII. Two of the
Agoracoins have a diademedand drapedbust r. with DN LEO[on one and ] LEOPF A[ visible on the other
(both confirmed).The reverserepresentationseems to be that of Victory ratherthan the emperor(as BMC,
p. 26, 63f.).
1690 This type, not in the BMC, is to be associatedwith the VICTORIAAVGGreverseused by Valenti-
nian III.
1707 Onespecimen(BMC,p. 31, 118) has -K (confirmed).
1709 On one coin (illustratedon PLATE2) the monogramseemsto be an abbreviatedand reversedversion
of the secondAnastasiusvariety (BMC,p. 88, 135-138). As nearlyas one can tell, the formis 1/. The obverse
legend has three letters faintly visible, possibly ]AST[.
Anotherspecimenwith the standardAnastasiusmonogramhas been struckover a "Vandalic"pieceof the
type of No. 1724.
Seventy-twoof 684 Anastasiuscoins fromAntiochare of this monogramtype. In Mrs.Waage'spublication
(Antioch,IV, ii, p. 148, No. 2063) they are attributedon the basis of provenanceto the local mint. The large
numberof specimensfromthe Agoraand from Corinthindicatesthat the type was put out by variousmints.
1710 In one case the monogramseems to correspondmore nearly to that found on the imperialissues of
Justinian (BMC, Byz., I, pp. 72f., 414-430), but the conditionof the coin is such that one cannot be sure.
1711 Possibly a bust r. (very worn)
Rev.kJcB
2)
(PLATE
This silver piece has a monogramprobablycopiedfrom the E coins of JustinianI (cf. BMC, Byz., I, P1.X,
15f.). What remainsof the letteringto the right of the monogramwould seem to be a blunderedrendering
of the terminationof an obverseinscription.
1712 Bust diademedand drapedr. (crude)
Rev. V
(PLATE2)
Nothinglike this is given in the BMC. Six coins of the same generaltype were found in the Agora.Three
do not seem to have the lower brokenbar of the monogram,and of these, two may have an A betweenthe
two upper loops.
1713 The Agoracoin has what seems to be RDin a wreath.In the BMC there is a silver coinageattributed
to the Ostrogothic king Witigis of which one type shows a separation of the two major letters of the monogram
R~E(P1. X, 5). Sabatier illustrates a similar piece (P1. XVIII, 85) which he regards as the coinage of
Eraric, anotherOstrogothicruler. On the Sabatierplate the coin is markedAE but in the text it is classed
with the silver issues. It may be that the Agora piece once had an S above and a C below the RD monogram,
in which case it representsa bronzestrikingof Witigis or else was once a silver plated coin from which the
coating has disappeared.Like No. 1714 its conditionis too poor for reproduction.
BYZANTINE IMPERIAL COINAGE

1740ff. The earliest Byzantine bronze is undated. Although the BMC gives a careful breakdown of the
officinae in use for each issue, there seems, for the purpose of this condensed tabulation, no particular need
to identify the Agora coins in that detailed fashion. Accordingly inclusive references have been listed for the
Anastasius- Justinian period.
In 588 A.D. Justinian I began to place his regnal years on some of the bronze denominationsand this
practicewas followedby succeedingrulers.Some of these dates cannot be read on the Agora specimensbut
many of them are still visible. In cases where only a few years are involved, I have given the specificBMC
referencesand a restricteddating as related to the pieces found in the Agora. For the most part, however,
because of the numberof coins and the limitations of space, I have used inclusive dates and referencesfor
the catalogue properand have embodiedin the commentarywhatever informationexists as to the exact
years when individual coins were struck. With the money of Heracliusand ConstansII, the quantity of
coinage and its almost uniformly miserablecondition have made virtually impossible any chronological
or stylistic distinctionswithin any given issue. For those two emperorsthe referencesare inclusiveones.
In connectionwith the numerousinstances of overstriking,the earliertype is identifiedby its numberin
this catalogue.This is intended only as a generaltype referenceand does not imply that details of date and
officina are identical. When the year of the earlierstriking can be read, it has been mentionedin the com-
mentary record.
1749 The Agora coin, otherwisecorrespondingto the Sabatierreference,has the officina mark S in the
right field. Wroth does not list this type for Justin in the BMC, but a somewhatsimilarissue with a cross
to the right of the E is attributedto the Ostrogothicking Theodoric(BMC, Vandals,p. 52, 37-40).
1750b The legibledates are as follows:years 12 (2), 15 (1), 17 (3), 18 (1), 19 (2), 20 (1), 21 (2), 24 (1), 37 (1).
1752 Years 13 (1), 23 (1), 30 (2), 38 (1).
1753 Mrs. Waage (Antioch,IV, ii, p. 153, Nos. 2112-2116) attributes the second variety of this E coinage
(BMC, I, p. 40, 146-159) to Antioch, and the number of pieces found in the excavations there would
certainlyseem to bear out her classification.
1754 Years 37 (6), 38 (1).
1755 Years 13 (1), 17 (1), 19 (1), 20 (1), 24 (1), 29 (1).
1756 Ourspecimenhas XtLto the right (year 15).
1759 On the Agoracoin the date is that of the referencebut it is not reversed.
1760c Years 22 (2), 26 (1), 27 (1), 28 (1), 33 (2), 35 (2).
1765 Althoughnot includedin the Byzantine section of the BMC, this type and one following(No. 1767a)
are classifiedby Wrothin his later publicationof the Vandalcoinageas imperialissues struck for Justinian
at Rome and Ravenna.
1767b Diademed,drapedand cuirassedbust seen from the front, head r.
Rev. * in wreath
(PLATE
3)
I can find no exact parallel for this coin. Its reverse type is that of the larger denomination struck by
Justinian at Ravenna (No. 1767a), which shows a facing head on the obverse. Tolstoi (Monnaies byzantines,
P1. 26, 513) publishes a specimen from his collection with the monogram of Christ on the reverse, which is
closely comparable to the Agora piece in size and in the rendering of the obverse bust. Our coin may be only
an example of a faulty cutting of the monogram with the loop omitted. On the other hand it may represent
a smaller denomination of the published *: type, in which case Wroth's suggestion that the indication of
denomination,I, is embodiedin the reverse type would be unlikely.
1770 One coin has O in front of the E, a variety not given in the BMC, but recordedby Mrs.Waage(An-
tioch, IV, ii, p. 156, No. 2153).
It is interesting to note that over one-quarter of Justinian's coinage in the Agora consists of the 6 denom-
ination with a monogram on the obverse. In discussing the mint issuing this type, Wroth (BMC, Byz., I,
p. 72, note 2) comments on the irregular flans which resemble those of the smaller AE of Thessalonica but
hesitates to make a definite attribution inasmuch as the 5 nummia denomination does not fit easily into the
system of division predominating at that mint. It seems to me, however, that the Agora proportions furnish
strong evidence for a striking at Thessalonica, certainly the most convenient source of supply for Athens and
a mint which was providing the bulk of the city's coinage a few years later under Justin II.
COMMENTARY 105
On the other hand it shouldbe noted that Mrs.Waage,who assigns the type to Justin II, reports54 spe-
cimensfrom Antioch, which leads her to suggest a local origin. It may well be that the strikingof this small
denominationwas not confinedto any one mint.
1771 Years4 (2), 5 (3), 6 (6), 7 (2), 8 (4), 10 (2), 11 (1), 12 (1).
1772 Years 3 (1), 4 (1), 8 (8), 10 (1).
1773a Years 2 (1), 8 (1), 4 (5).
1773b Years 4 (7), 5 (17), 6 (1), 7 (4), 8 (7), 9 (5), 10 (17), 11 (13), 12 (12), 13 (6).
One coin has S (year6) to the right, not given in the BMC. Anotheruses the form 411 for year 7, as BMC,
p. 85, note 2. Six pieces have been struck over an uncertain earliertype, one each of BMC, Nos. 105, 111,
113, 115, 119, 122.

1774 Years 3 (1), 4 (1), 6 (2), 8 (2), 9 (1), 10 (2).

1775 Years 6 (1), 8 (1). One coin (type of BMC, No. 161) has been restruck.
1776 Years 8 (1), 9 (1), 11 (1).
1777 Years 10 (2), 11 (1).
1778 Years 6 (1), 7 (1), 8 (1), 11 (1).
1782 Years 5 (1), 7 (2), 8 (1).
1785 Years 5 (5), 6 (2).
1789 Years 2 (1), 3 (1), 9 (2), 18 (1). One piece has u (year 18) with A below, a form not given in the
II
BMC. Another(BMC, No. 32) has been struck over an issue of TiberiusII.
1790 Years 1 (1), 3 (2), 4 (1), 7 (1), 9 (1), 11 (1), 20 (1). Ourcoin of the year 20 has XX to the right and B
below, as BMC, p. 137, note 2.
1791 Years 3 (1), 6 (2), 7 (1), 10 (4), 15 (1).
1794 This specimenis a restriking.
1795 Years 4 (4), 5 (2), 6 (3), 7 (1).
1796 Two have been restruck:one (BMC, No. 52) over No. 1789, the other (BMC, No. 49) over No. 1790,
possibly year 7.
1797 One is a restriking.
1798 Under one specimen is an earlier K denomination.
1801 Year 5 (8). Two coins of this year are restrikes: one over an issue of Maurice Tiberius, the other over
an uncertain earlier type.
1807 a Five restruck.
1807b Thirty-five restruck: one over Justin I (BMC, Nos. 64-66), two over Tiberius II (No. 1787), one
over Maurice Tiberius, seven over Phocas (No. 1801 for six and No. 1805 for one), two over Heraclius
(No. 1807b, probably year 3, and No. 1807c, year 10).
1807c Eight restruck: one over Justin II, one over Heraclius.
1808 Two are restrikings.
1809a Ten pieces have been restruck: six over Phocas (Nos. 1795, 1801, 1803 [2], 1805, and an XXXX coin
of uncertain mint), one over Heraclius (No. 1807b).
1810 DN hERA[CL]IpS PP [AVG] Bust of Heraclius facing, wearing armour and helmet with plume
and globus cr. In r., globus cr.
Rev. XX with crossabove, IIIto r., and TESin exergue.
3)
(PLATE
TheXX denomination
is not recordedfor Thessalonica
in the BMC,Sabatieror Tolstoi.It is knownfor
Heracliusat Carthage,Rome and Ravenna. On the Agora coin the form of the mint mark correspondsto
that on the early Kissuesof Heracliusat Thessalonicaas contrastedwith OESwhich appearsin 614-615 A.D.
A secondspecimenof this sametype was foundin the Agora;on it the date to the right is iI and the obverse
legend survivesas ]N hERA[.
1811 Three specimenshave been restruck.
1812b Five restruck: one over Justinian I, one over Justin II (No. 1778), one over TiberiusII (BMC,
Nos. 87f.), one over Phocas (No. 1795, year 6).
1812c Three restruck: one over MauriceTiberius.

1813b One (type of BMC, No. 263) restruck.
1815 Philip Griersondiscussesthis issue and other similarones in a recent article, "The ConsularCoinage
of 'Heraclius'and the Revolt against Phocas of 608-610" (Num. Chron.,Ser. 6, X, 1950, pp. 71-93). His
convincingthesis is that the Heracliuscoins with consularlegends and without any symbol of sovereignty
associated with the obverse types belong not to the emperorHeraclius but to his father, the exarch of
Africa,who was the moving spirit in a rebellionagainst Phocas whichbeganin 608 and lasted until the son's
accessiontwo years later. In all likelihood,then, this Agorapiece was struckin the name of the consul He-
raclius between 608 and 610 A.D.
1817a The obversetype is that cited in the BMC (p. 284) for an M denominationissued at Carthage.
1817c Four restruck:one over TiberiusII.
1818a In publishinga hoardof 74 bronzecoins of ConstansII found at Soli (NordiskNumismatiskArsskrift,
1940, pp. 135-147), AlfredWestholmsuggeststhat certainissues were struck in Cyprusat the mint of Con-
stantia. The series in question are five in number:
1) M with KVlTPin exergue (BMC, pp. 222f., 269-274, attributed by Wroth to Heraclius.
Not in the Soli Hoardbut in an earlierCyprusfind)
2) M with KAN to left and CTAN to right (OurNo. 1818f; five in the Soli Hoard)
3) M with CON in exergue(OurNo. 1818d; one in the Soli Hoard)
4) M with CON in exergue (Our No. 1818e; four in the Soli Hoard)
5) M with two figuresand CON in exergue (OurNo. 1818i; not in the Soli Hoard but in the
earlierCyprusfind and presumablyto be connectedwith Nos. 8-4)
It is not entirely clear to me whether or not Westholm believes that all of the Soli coins, with the exception
of one Cyzicus piece, were minted in Cyprus, but I think he must be referring only to the types listed above.
If this is the case, 10 of his 74 coins are, according to his theory, of local origin. In the Agora the same types
are represented by 151 pieces: 68 of No. 2, 88 of No. 8, 40 of No. 4 and 5 of No. 5. This is nearly one-fifth
of the 817 coins of Constans found in the Athens excavations.
While it does seem evident that the coinage of Constansand of other later Byzantine emperorsshould
be divided among more mints than Wroth lists, I should hesitate to accept Cyprus as a major source of
supply for Athens. On the surfaceat least, it also seems strangethat duringa relatively short time, the mint
of Constantia should be using markings as diverse as KVTP, KCNCTAN and CON. There can be no question
of the origin of the KVfTPpieces, whether one assigns them to Heraclius or to Constans, and one could perhaps
make out a case for the attribution of the KL)NCTAN coins to Constantia since Cyprus apparently favored
Greek letters and the unusual form and arrangement of the mint mark might reflect an attempt to distinguish
the provincialworkshopfrom that of Constantinople.I find it hard to believe, however, that CON on the
bronze coinage was intended for any mint other than that of the imperial capital.
Westholm speaks of Arab raids on Cyprus during the reign of Constans as isolating the island from the rest
of the Greek empire and thus fostering a local coinage. Such a situation would make it all the more difficult
to explain how so much money from a Cyprus mint found its way to Athens.
COMMENTARY 107
Among the 119 coins of No. 1818a there are a numberwhich show deviations from the standardtype,
notably in the substitution of a K for the crossabove the m and in variant renderingsof the reverse in-
scription and numerals.The Agora pieces, however, are not as badly blunderedas the coins cited in the
BMC (p. 270, note 1) which Wroth thinks may be Syrian imitations.
Nearly one-quarterof the specimensof this first group (27 in all) are restrikes.Of the identifiableunder-
types, eight belong to Heraclius(No. 1807b for two, 1807c for four, BMC, Nos. 204f. for one) and three
are issues of Constans.Of the latter, one is recordedas type No. 1818h, but it seems likely that in this case
the first and secondstrikingshave been confusedunless No. 1818a extends over a longerperiodor No. 1818h
begins earlierthan Wroth believes to be the case.
1818c Ten restruck:one over Heraclius(No. 1808) and one over ConstansII.
1818d Eleven restruck:two over ConstansII. For one of these coins this is the third impression,the type
having been struck over No. 1818a under which is No. 1807b, year 20, of Heraclius.
1818e Five restruck: one over Heraclius.

1818f Five restruck: two over Heraclius (Nos. 1807b and 1812c).
1818g Nine restruck: four over Constans II (No. 1818a for one, No. 1818c for one and No. 1818h for
one, which last was in turn struck over No. 1818e). The striking of No. 1818g over 1818h would indicate
that the latter issue began before 663/4 A.D., probablyin 659 when Heracliusand TiberiusbecameCaesars,
a date which Wroth mentions as a possibility (BMC, p. 283, note 1).
1818h Seven restruck:one over Heraclius(?), two over ConstansII.

1819a-b. This K type is not describedin Sabatier,Tolstoior the BMC. One variety (No. 1819a) is, I think,
the same as a specimenillustratedin the last catalogue(Pl. XXXII, 14). Theexamplesknownto Wrothwere
too defacedfor completeidentification(cf. p. 286,Nos.258f.). Two of the Agoracoins,however,have a variant
obversetype with a standingfigure(similarto BMC, P1. XXXI, 18) instead of a bust of Constans.
All reverses have N to the left of the Kwith variousmarkingsto the right and below, which seem to read
A
as follows:
Bust type - ir (?) to r.; XXI(?) to r.; N to r., Kto r. on obverse(restruck);N to r. (restruck-
PLATE 3); N to r., K to r. on obverse; N to r.; N to r., ]IZ below.
E E E
O O
Figure type - E (?) to r., A below; N to r., K to r. on obverse.
The dating for this issue, as suggestedin the tabulation, correspondswith that given by Wroth for the
M denominationswith ANA to the left, which he places ahead of the issues with ANNO. However,if XXI
does appearon one coin and is intended as a date, the type was still being struckin 661/2 A.D.
1819c Twelve restruck: five over Constans II (No. 1818c for one, No. 1818f for one and No. 1818g for
a third).
1820 One is a restriking.
1823a Since Constantine's dated issues indicate the year by Roman numerals, the B beneath the K on this
letter, and one wonderswhat purposewas served by placing ANNO on the
coin is presumablyan officinar
reverse. The M denomination with which this K issue seems to belong is dated by Wroth 688/4 A.D.; our
coin may be of the same period.
1823b One piece was struck over a coin of Constans II (No. 1818a).
1824 The obverse of one specimen has a variant bust (as Tolstoi, p. 829, 139f.) with Constantine holding
the globus in his right hand. Of the others, five are restrikes (one over Constans II, No. 1818h).
1825a Two have been restruck.
1828 Both coins show evidenceof restriking.

1829a One has been restruck.
1829b Bust of Justinian II 1. (mostly obliterated)and bust of Tiberiusr. facing, each supportinga cross
potent on a base. Tiberiuswears a crownwith a cross and a lozengepatternedrobe.
Rev. K with cross above, X to 1., A to r., and A below.
3)
(PLATE X N
X N
0
The second coin in the Agorais the same except that it has B below the K on the reverse.
This type is a variant of that listed in the standardcatalogues(No. 1829a). The obverseresemblesthe gold
and silver issues of Justinian (BMC, P1. XLI, 4f.) in the representationof two busts supportinga cross
potent, but on our coins Tiberiuswears a robe of lozenge pattern instead of the customarymantle. On the
reversethere is a transpositionof ANNO and the date numeralswhichis unusualfor this period.
1830 The catalogueand discussionin Hesperia,IX (pp. 358-369) deal with forty-fourcoins of Philippicus
from the Agorawhich had been identifiedpriorto 1940. Since then an additionalseventeenpieces have been
attributedto the same emperor.All but three of the sixty-one specimensgive clear indication of restriking.
Thirty-nineare over the K denominationof JustinianII (No. 1829a) with two showingtracesof a still earlier
type - an M issue of Justinian (No. 1828) for one and possibly TiberiusIII for the other. One piece seems to
have been struck directly over an M coin of Justinian (No. 1828) underwhich may be an I denominationof
ConstantineIV (No. 1824). Four coins, apparentlymules, show no trace of the I reverse of Philippicusbut
have what seems to be the standard K reverseof Justinian.
1831 Two restruck:one over another K piece, either of Anastasiushimself or one of his predecessors.
1832 All of these coins have been restruck: one over ConstansII (No. 1818h), twelve over Justinian II
(No. 1829a) with three showingan earliertype whichin one case may be an M denominationof TiberiusIII
(cf. BMC, P1. XL, 26), one over Philippicusand two over AnastasiusII.
1836 Bust of Leo III wearing crown with cross and lozenge patterned robe and holding cross potent in
r. hand.
Rev. Bust of ConstantineV 1., bust of Leo IV r.; cross between their heads.
All in barbaricstyle.
3)
(PLATE
Althoughthere is a somewhatsimilar AE type for ConstantineV, the Agora coin is clearly copied from
the solidus. It may once have been gilded and intended to pass as a gold piece.
1840 The coin correspondsto the referenceexcept that on the obverseConstantineis representedas sup-
porting a cross potent (cf. Tolstoi, P1. 69, 14 for the same type on an M denomination).
1847f. One coin of each issue shows evidence of restriking.
1849 In one case an undertype of Basil I (No. 1846) is visible.
1852 Eighteen restruck: one over Basil I (No. 1846), eleven over Leo VI (No. 1849), one over Constantine
and Zoe (No. 1851).
1853 Seventy restruck: two over Leo VI (No. 1849), fifty-five over Romanus I (No. 1852) with four
showing the earlier undertype of No. 1849.
The large number of coins of this type found in the Agora suggests that the issue extended over a longer
period of time than the January to April 945 A.D. dating given by Wroth (BMC, p. 462). I should be inclined
to consider it contemporary with the coinage of Constantine and Romanus II, which was struck between
945 and 959 A.D. after the death of Romanus I. The strongest argument against its dating any earlier is
that this Constantine bust type is commonly found impressed on flans of Romanus I.
1854 Fifteen restruck: one over Leo VI (No. 1849), ten over Romanus I (No. 1852), two over Constantine
(No. 1853).
COMMENTARY 109
1855 Sixteen restruck:ten over ConstantineVII (BMC, Nos. 11-183for one and No. 1853 for nine, of which
one has the undertypeof No. 1852), three over Romanus (No. 1852) with two of these showingtraces of a
still earlierissue (No. 1851).
1857 Five restruck:one over No. 1864, three over No. 1867.
1858 Five restruck:three over ConstantineX (No. 1857), two over No. 1867 or 1869.
1860 Three restruck: one over Romanus (No. 1859).
1861 Bust of Christfacing, wearing nimbus cruciger,as on the anonymousissues. Beneath this striking
is an earlierone showinga similarChristbust with XC and possibly a large star in the r. field.
Rev. C B
"." N B Patriarchalcross, radiate, on base and step; above it, pellets. The undertype is
S1*
apparentlyan obverse of MichaelVII with ]MIX[and what seems to be part of the projecting
right arm and the upright of the labarum. There are traces of a still earlier striking which
could be the Virgin oranstype of No. 1870, but it is highly uncertain.
3)
(PLATE
This Agoracoin is a fifth specimenof an extremelyrareissue discussedrecentlyby Philip Grierson(Num.
Chron.,Ser. 6, X, 1950, pp. 305-311) and tentatively attributedby him to the pretenderNicephorusBryen-
nius. Therecan be no doubtthat ourcoinbelongsto this seriesalthoughcertaindetailsof the piecesillustrated
by Griersondo not showup clearlyon the Agoraexample.The upperbar of the patriarchalcrossis perceptible
only to the imaginationand the pellets which terminatethe arms are indistinct; on the other hand the ar-
rangementof the pellets at the top of the cross is?more sharply definedthan is the case with the other
specimens.
Griersonhas made out what seems to me a thoroughlyconvincingargumentfor the attribution to Nice-
phorusBryennius,duke of Durazzo,who took the imperialtitle at Trajanopolislate in 1077 A.D. and sub-
sequently gained control of Macedoniaand Thrace.He was never in possessionof Constantinople,and his
powerlasted for only a shorttime beforethe revolt was put downin 1078A.D. by NicephorusIII. As Grierson
has pointedout, the style of the knowncoins, and this appliesalso to the Agoraspecimen,makes it doubtful
that they issued from the Constantinoplemint. The two pieces whose provenanceis recorded come from
the Sparta Excavations and from the AthenianAgora,which would accordwell with a workshopin North
Greeceset up by the pretender.On the evidenceof overstriking,the 1077-1078A.D. dating is highly satis-
factory. The Agoracoin used a flan of MichaelVII, while a specimenin the Griersoncollectionwas restruck
with dies of an anonymousissue (our No. 1872) which, as will appearlater, seems definitely to have been
the coinageof NicephorusIII.
1862 Of these coins 264 have been restruck:one over No. 1864, one over No. 1865, three over No. 1867,
three over No. 1867, 1868 or 1869, four over No. 1867 or 1869, one over No. 1869 underwhich is No. 1865,
four over No. 1870 underone of which is No. 1867 or 1869, one hundredand six over No. 1871 with twelve
of these showingan earlierstriking (No. 1859 for one, No. 1860 for one, No. 1867 for one, No. 1867, 1868
or 1869 for seven, No. 1869 for one and No. 1870 for one), four over No. 1871 or 1872, twelve over No. 1872
with three having an earlier undertype (No. 1864 for one, No. 1871 for two with No. 1867 or 1869 under
this), thirteen over an uncertain anonymous type.
1863-1875 In 1928 Alfred R. Bellinger made a highly important contribution to the study of the Byzantine
coinage in his revision of Wroth's attributions of the anonymous issues, notably in the dating of the various
classesand the reclaimingof many of them for the imperialmint. WhereasWrothhad relied chiefly on style
and a correspondence between signed and anonymous types, Bellinger was able to draw on the Corinth
Excavations material and to make his arrangement on the evidence of overstrikes and a correlation between
the length of reign of the various emperors and the amount of coinage found at Corinth. Since his study was
published (Num. Notes and Monog., 85, pp. 1-27) a series of articles by P. D. Whitting and C. H. Piper in
Seaby's Coin and Medal Bulletin for 1949-1952 has added valuable data on overstrikes, and the amount of
available material has been vastly increased by the classification of 2285 coins of the anonymous category
from the Athenian Agora.
This extensive new material entirely confirms Bellinger's sequence of classes, with one important exception,
but indicates that certain changes must be made in the attribution of those classes to individual emperors.
Let us look first at the record of overstriking on the Agora coinage, supplemented in some instances by
pertinent evidencefrom other sources.Rather than confusethe pictureby the addition of anotherseries of
Roman numeralclasses to those already presentedby Wroth and Bellinger, I have used an alphabetical
enumeration,with referencein the outline that followsto the precedingclassifications.
CLASS A-1
(Bellingerand Wroth: ClassI)
64 restruck: 34 over NicephorusII (No. 1855) with 9 showing
an undertype(No. 1854 for 1, No. 1853 for 5
with No. 1852 under 1 of these, No. 1852 for
2, and No. 1849 for 1)
15 over ConstantineVII (No. 1854 for 1 with
No. 1852 underneath,No. 1853 for 8 with No.
1852 under 1, No. 1852 for 6)

CLASS A-2
(Bellingerand Wroth: ClassI)
No restriking
CLASS B
(Bellingerand Wroth: ClassII)
48 restruck: 85 over CLASSA-2
CLASS C
(Bellingerand Wroth: ClassIII)
44 restruck: 27 over CLASSB
7 over CLASSA-2
CLASS D
(Bellinger:ClassVI; Wroth: ClassV)
55 restruck: 31 over CLASSC with CLASSB under2 3 ConstantineX over CLASSD
2 over CLASSB 2 ConstantineX over CLASSD or F
1 over CLASSA-2
CLASS E
(Bellinger:ClassIV; Wroth: ClassVI)
3 restruck: undertypeuncertain
1 over CLASSD (Seaby's,1951, p. 143)
CLASS F
(Bellinger:ClassV; Wroth: ClassIV)
40 restruck: 23 over CLASSE
4 over CLASS C
1 over CLASS B
2 probably over CLASS A-2
1 over Constantine X (Seaby's, 1951, p. 192)
1 over CLASS D (Seaby's, 1951, p. 145)
CLASS G
(Bellinger and Wroth: Class VII)
83 restruck: 11 over Constantine X (No. 1857 for 8, 3 Romanus IV over CLASS G (NNM 35,
No. 1858 for 8) p. 18; De Saulcy, Essai de classifica-
1 over CLASS F tion des suites mondtaires byzantines,
1 over CLASS F or D p. 250; Seaby's, 1952, p. 878)
1 over CLASS C
1 over CLASS B
1 over Romanus IV (Seaby's, 1950, p. 580)
COMMENTARY 111
CLASS H
(Bellinger:ClassVIII)
97 restruck: 2 over CLASS G 106 NicephorusIII over CLASSH with
4 over CLASSF MichaelVII under 1
16 over CLASSF or D
15 over CLASSF, E, or D
3 over ConstantineX (No. 1857 with CLASSD
under 1)
3 over CLASSE
16 over CLASSD
1 over CLASSA-2
CLASS I
(Bellinger:ClassIX)
188 restruck: 2 over NicephorusIII (No. 1862) 2 Alexius over CLASSI
32 over Michael VII (No. 1860) 12 NicephorusIII over CLASSI with
6 over CLASSH CLASSH under2
2 over RomanusIV (No. 1859) 4 NicephorusIII over CLASSI or H
9 over CLASS G with CLASSF under 1
4 over Constantine X (No. 1857 for 3 with
CLASSC under 1, No. 1858 for 1)
1 over CLASSF
1 over CLASSF, E or D
3 over CLASSD
3 over CLASSC with CLASSB under 1
1 over CLASSB
1 over CLASSA-2
1 over NicephorusII (No. 1855)
CLASS J
(Bellinger:ClassX)
49 restruck: 29 over NicephorusIII (No. 1862) with CLASS 3 Alexiusover CLASSJ with Nicephorus
H under4 III under 1
7 over CLASSH
1 over CLASSF or D
1 over CLASSD
1 over CLASSB
1 over CLASSI (NNM, 35, p. 8)
CLASS K
(Bellinger: Class XI; Wroth: Class VIII)
148 restruck: 63 over CLASS J with an earlier striking under 6 Alexius over CLASS K
12 (Nicephorus III for 8 with CLASS G under
1 and CLASS F, E or D under 2; CLASS I
for 1; CLASS H for 1; CLASS G for 1;
CLASS D for 1)
18 over Nicephorus III (No. 1862) with CLASS
H under 3
5 over CLASS I with CLASS H under 2
8 over CLASS H
1 over Romanus IV (No. 1859)
1 over CLASS G
1 over CLASS D
1 over CLASS A
CLASS L
(Bellinger: Class XIII)
No restriking
It should be noted at this point that there are publisheddescriptionsof overstrikeswhich directly con-
tradict the arrangementoutlined above. While they cannot be ignored, their value as evidence must be
assessedwith considerablecaution. The study of restrikingsis often a difficult and hazardousundertaking,
as anyone who has workedwith this coinagewill agree. On some of the Agorapieces there are at least four
successiveimpressionswhich producein many instances an extremely confusedand puzzlingrecord.Even
when the overstrikesare fewer,it is not always easy to tell whichwas the first and whichthe secondstriking,
particularlyif the specimenis in a poorstate of preservation.For the chronologicalsequenceof the anonymous
issues it is the weight of the evidenceas a whole which must be decisive; when one coin is in conflictwith a
considerablebody of other evidence, it may be assumedwith reasonablesafety that that individual piece
has been misread.
Whitting and Piper (Seaby's,1951, p. 198) mentiona possibleoverstrikeof CLASSE on MichaelVII. The
writersthemselvessay that the evidenceis slight, and thereis amplereasonon the basis of the Agoramaterial
to date CLASSE long beforethe reign of Michael.With regardto CLASS G, Whitting and Piper (Seaby's,
1950, p. 530) cite two coins in the British Museum,one of which has this type struck over ConstantineX
or MichaelVII and the secondthe same over MichaelVII. On the first coin apparentlynot enoughremains
of the originalstrikingto make identificationcertain. Since eleven Agorapieces have CLASS G over Con-
stantine X, one may supposethat the first Londonspecimenis anotherexampleof the same sequence.The
second coin is more of a problemin that the identificationis more specific.Thereis no illustrationbut the
pieceis describedas showingpart of the legendof the Michaelnamedtype, the distinctivecoverof the Gospels
on the reverse, and the line of pellets which forms part of the crownon the coinageof Michaeland also of
ConstantineX. Actually both the pellets and the Gospelscover are very similarfor the issues of these two
emperors,andthe two legendshave someletters in common.Since there are three coins recordedelsewhereas
having the signedtype of RomanusIV over CLASSG, it seemsmost unlikelythat the latter couldhave been
impressedon a flan of Michael.Onthe otherhand,judgingby the evidencepresented,it is quite possiblethat
the secondLondoncoin like the first is an instanceof CLASSG over ConstantineX*. For CLASSH there are
three publishedoverstrikingswhich are at variancewith the ordersuggestedabove. De Saulcy(Numismatique
des Croisades,P1. XIII, 2f. - of which No. 2 seemsto be the samecoin illustratedin SabatierII, P1. LIX, 2)
has two specimenswhich from his descriptionwould representCLASSH struck over NicephorusIII. How-
ever, the line drawingshowson the one side of the coin a clearobverseof Nicephoruswith only a few blurred
traces of anothertype, and furthermorethe piece correspondsin size to the anonymousissue but is too large
for Nicephorus'named coinage when the latter makes use of new flans. There seems to me little question
that the Nicephorustype is over not under CLASSH, a sequenceconfirmedby 106 coins from the Agora.
Anotherexampleof ClassH over Nicephorusis cited as being in the British Museum(NNM, 35, p. 8), but
R.A.G. Carsonreportsthat no specimenthere showsthat orderof types. In furtherconfirmation,P.C. Whit-
ting informsme that he has found no exampleof CLASSH over Nicephorusamongthe many coins he has
examined,whereashe has two specimensshowingthe Nicephorusover CLASSH sequenceso commonin the
Agora. Schlumberger (Numismatique de l'Orient latin, p. 277) speaks of possessing an example of CLASS H
struck over CountRoger of Sicily. He does not specify whetherit is Roger I or II, but both rulerspostdate
Nicephorus III whose coinage, as mentioned before, frequently uses flans of CLASS H.
CLASS A-1 (John I and Basil II with Constantine VIII, 969-989 A.D.)
There can be little doubt that these are the first coins of the anonymous series. The similarity of the flans
to those used by Nicephorus II and the large proportion of overstrikes on the issues of that emperor indicate
unmistakably that these small flan pieces are the coins with pious types which, according to John Scylitzes,
were introduced by John Zimisces. Bellinger divides CLASS A into three groups: small flan (NNM, 85,
P1. I, 2) struck by John from 969 to 976 A.D., intermediate flan (NNM, 85, P1. I, 3) struck by Basil II and
Constantine during the early part of their reign down to the suppression of the revolt of Bardas Phocas in
* After this
study had been completed, I received word from Mr. Whitting to the effect that after three careful
examinations of the coin in question, he is now convinced that the undertype belongs to Constantine X and not to
Michael VII.
I wish to take this opportunity of expressing my deep appreciation to Mr. Whitting, with whom I have had plea-
sant and profitable correspondence on matters "anonymous."
COMMENTARY 113
989 A.D., large flan (NNM, 35, P1. I, 4-6; our CLASS A-2) struck by Basil and Constantine,Constantine
alone, and RomanusIII from 989 to 1034 A.D.
With the division into three sections and the dating of the first two varieties I am in completeagreement.
Unfortunatelywhen the Agoracoins were classifiedthere was no attempt to distinguishbetween the small
and intermediateflan pieces and indeed, consideringthe condition of the coins, no such distinctioncould
safely have been made in many cases. I am, therefore,unableto give definitefiguresfor the coinageof these
two groups,but the total (104 pieces) can be satisfactorilyrelated to the twenty year period to which they
are attributed.
CLASS A-2 (Basil II with Constantineand ConstantineVIII alone, 989-1028 A.D.)
This and CLASSL are the only anonymousgroupswhich appearin the Agorawithout tracesof restriking.
The good new flans of increasedsize point to a reorganizationof the currencywhichwould accordwell with
an era of prosperityafter the suppressionof the rebellionin 989 A.D.; the wide variety of ornamentation
(cf. NNM, 35, pp. 11-18) and the extent of the coinage (519 specimensfrom the Agora)alike indicate that
it was struck over a considerableperiod of time. In discussingthis class, Bellingerremarksthat it should

logically stop with the sole reign of ConstantineVIII with the totally differentissue of CLASSB belonging
to RomanusIII who introduceda new gold type and might, therefore,be expectedto changethe type of the
bronze as well. However, the sequenceof classes as outlined in NNM, 35 left Bellingerno alternative,in
reconcilingthe amount of coinage with the length of the individual emperor'sreign, but to concludethat
CLASSA-2 continuedto be struckunderRomanus.New evidencenow indicatesthat one shift must be made
in Bellinger'ssequence,under CLASSD below, and this rearrangementmakes the attributionof CLASSB
to RomanusIII not only logical but feasible. I would then assign CLASSA-2 to Basil II with Constantine
and to Constantinealone,limitingits emissionto that 89 year period.
CLASS B (RomanusIII, 1028-1034A.D.)
The evidenceof overstrikingestablishesthis class as the immediatesuccessorof CLASSA-2 and it will, I
think, be increasinglyclear as the chronologicalpattern develops that it can with completeplausibilitybe
ascribedto the reign of RomanusIII.
CLASS C (MichaelIV, 1084-1041A.D.)
Restrikesalso fix this class in sequencedirectly after CLASS B, and, therefore, make it the coinage of
MichaelIV.
CLASS D (ConstantineIX, 1042-1055A.D.)
CLASSD brings us to the one alteration requiredin the NNM, 85 order.At the time that article was
published there was no available evidence on overstrikeswhich firmly related CLASS D to other issues.
AlthoughBellingerstates that it could conceivablyhave followedCLASSC, he favoredthe sequence:C, E,
F, D. In adopting this sequence,he was compelledto abandonthe logical arrangementoutlined above, a
chronologywhich he would himself have preferred,for the followingreason. CLASSE is a minor issue
(1 found at Corinth,18 at the Agora).Assumingthat it came directly after CLASSC, it would, accordingto
the normalpattern, belong to the long reign of ConstantineIX. This would be manifestlyan absurddistri-
bution of the coinage and in orderto avoid it, Bellingerwas under the necessity of assigningCLASSE to
one of Constantine'ssuccessors,bringingCLASSC down to Constantineand shifting, in consequence,the
chronology of the preceding classes.
The two overstrikes published by Whitting and Piper (Seaby's Bulletin, 1951, pp. 143 and 145) change the
entire picture. CLASS D must follow CLASS C, with CLASSES E and F succeeding in that order. With this
rearrangement, CLASS D provides an adequate representation of coinage for Constantine IX and it, there-
fore, takes its place exactly whereit shouldbelongin an orderlychronologicalsequence.
Even without the crucial evidence supplied by Whitting and Piper, the overstrike pattern of the Agora
coins would strongly suggest D-E-F as the correct arrangement. It will be noted from the detailed outline
of restrikings that for the various anonymous classes, the vast majority of restruck pieces use flans of the issue
directly preceding: CLASS B with 48 restrikes has at least 85 over CLASS A-2, CLASS C with 44 restruck
pieces uses 27 or more flans of CLASS B. One would then expect CLASS D, with 31 out of 55 overstrikes on
flans of CLASSC, to follow immediatelyafter that class in point of time. It is gratifyingto have proofthat
this is in fact the case.
To some extent considerationsof fabric and technique substantiate the new position of CLASS D. Its
workmanship and its flans are somewhat better than those of CLASSES E and F. Furthermore, there is a
minor detail of the reverse type which may be significant. The reverses of all three classes have the same
8
three-lineinscription.On those of CLASSESD and E the decorativemotifs above and belowthe inscription
are identical, with CLASSF there is a slight variation. Taken in conjunctionwith the other evidence,this
would seem to indicate that the reversetype came in with CLASSD, was carriedover without change for
CLASSE, and then alteredslightly with the introductionof CLASSF.
CLASS E (Isaac I, 1057-1059A.D.)
This issue, found over CLASSD and under CLASSF, presentsno problemof sequence,but there is con-
siderabledoubt as to the reign to which it belongs. As we shall see later, CLASSF is the coinage of Con-
stantine X, which means that CLASSE must be fitted in betweenthe reigns of ConstantineIX and X. The
choice embracesTheodora,MichaelVI and Isaac I. Up to this point the anonymousseries has followed a
regularpatternwith each rulerfrom John ZimiscesthroughConstantineIX representedby a new or a varied
type. Strictly speakingthere are two exceptions: MichaelV and Zoe with Theodora.In both instances the
reigns are short ones, three and two months respectively.For the two empressesthere is no known coinage
and for Michaelonly one gold issue which may actually, as Wrothpoints out, belongto MichaelIV. Onehas
no hesitationin omitting them fromthe list of rulersstrikinganonymoustypes. The situation as regardsthe
later periodis different.Theodorareignedfor eighteen months, MichaelVI for one year and Isaac for two
years. All struckgold;Theodoraand Isaac strucksilver as well. Any one of them couldhave struckCLASSE.
My feelingis that Isaacis the likeliestcandidatein that his reignwas the longestand also the latest. Onemight
assume that the extensive anonymouscoinageof the emperorsthrough ConstantineIX providedsufficient
bronzefor Theodoraand Michael.By the time Isaac came to the thronethere was presumablya substantial
amountof anonymousmoney still in circulation;the new issuewhichhe put out was little morethan a token
coinageif one can judge fromthe numberof specimensthat have survived.
CLASS F (ConstantineX, 1059-1067 A.D.)
On the evidenceof 23 out of 40 restrikes,this issue followsimmediatelyafter CLASSE. Earlierthan Con-
stantine X it cannot be since there is a specimenof CLASS F struck over a named piece of Constantine
(Seaby's,1951, p. 192). CLASS G, which is clearlythe coinageof RomanusIV, occursover CLASSF and to
an even greater extent over the signed issues of ConstantineX, all of which points to the attribution of
CLASSF to Constantine.
CLASSG (RomanusIV, 1067-1071A.D.)
The only explanationfor the occurrenceof CLASS G underand over signed coins of RomanusIV is that
this anonymousissue is his, a dating confirmedby the high proportionof its restrikesover the namedcoinage
of ConstantineX, his predecessor.
CLASS H (MichaelVII, 1071-1078 A.D.)
This is the only anonymousgroup for which the overstrikingevidence is not clear cut. In every other
instance the highest percentageof identifiablerestrikesinvolves the anonymousor signedissues of the reign
immediatelypreceding.However,106 Agoracoins of NicephorusIII were struck over CLASSH and in one
instance at least the CLASSH type was impressedon a signed piece of MichaelVII. Further support for
the attribution of this class is providedby the large numberof coins of CLASSI, which belongs to Nice-
phorusIII, struck over namedpieces of Michael.
CLASS I (Nicephorus III, 1078-1081 A.D.)
In view of the appalling quantity of signed coinage of Nicephorus III found in the Agora, one hesitates to
attribute another 359 specimens of CLASS I to the same three year reign, but I can see no alternative. One
has on the one hand 32 coins of CLASS I struck over signed flans of Michael VII and 2 over signed flans
of Nicephorus;at the same time there exist 12 signed pieces of Nicephorusand 2 of Alexius struck over
CLASS I. There seems no way of escaping the assignment of this common anonymous issue to Nicephorus III.
CLASSES J, K and L (Alexius I, 1081-1118 A.D.)
The occurrence of J over I and K over J leaves no question as to the order of these classes. Both J and K
are used as flans for the signed coinage of Alexius I so the issues must be his or those of Nicephorus. Apart
from the fact that Nicephorus is already more than adequately represented in surviving money, a consider-
ation of greater significance is the frequency with which CLASSES J and K appear over his signed coinage, a
pattern which has hitherto indicated that the anonymous pieces of the second striking belong to a later
emperor. I should be inclined to attribute both classes to Alexius' long 37 year reign. For CLASS L there
are only two coins and no evidence of restriking; in all probability it too was struck by Alexius.
COMMENTARY 115
With the anonymousseries as outlined above, we have then a clearlyinterlockedsequencerunningfrom

John Zimiscesthrough Alexius I, with every reign, except those of Theodoraand MichaelVI, represented
by a separateanonymousclass whose proportionsas found in the Agorashow a reasonablecorrelationwith
the length of the individualemperor'sreign. The patternof restrikesis highly consistent,one class providing
the bulk of the flans for the restruckissues of the class immediatelyfollowing.As later emperorsbegan to
put out both signed and anonymousmoney, one finds, as is completelylogical, that as a new rulercame to
the throne,he tended to drawhis predecessor'ssignedissues from circulationby overstrikingthem with his
own anonymoustype. Therewas less compulsionto withdrawanonymouspieces which carriedno indication
of the strikingauthority and such money was seeminglyleft to circulateuntil such time as a need for flans
arose. It was then calledin and restruckwith the signed types of the currentruler.
Any considerationof the anonymousissues raises questions as to why these types were introducedand
what purposethey servedfor over a century,first as a substitute for and later as a supplementto the signed
bronze coinage. To these questions I can suggest no plausible answer. The evidence from the Agora does,
however,offerthe strongest substantiationfor Bellinger'sbelief that CLASSESH to L were issues of the

imperial mint rather than money of the Crusadersstruck in Syria and Palestine (as suggestedby Wroth,
BMC, p. 554). If the revised chronologypresentedhere is correct,the first two classes (H and I) which bear
the cross device on the reversecan have no connectionat all with the Crusadessince they were struck by
MichaelVII and NicephorusIII. ConceivablyCLASSJ with the crossrestingon a crescentcouldreferto the
strugglebetweenthe Christianand Islamic worlds.If so, it dates some years after the beginningof the reign
of Alexius.
1877 One of these coins (illustratedon PLATE 3) has on the obverse a crudelytenderedfigureof Christ
seated on a throne with high back and on the reverse a cross of equal limbs terminatingat the base in a
floral pattern, with W30 in the upper angles. Two other pieces (correspondingto Sab. II, p. 286, 6) show
a similarrepresentationof the seated Christobverseand on the reversea jewelledcrossreposingon a crescent.
Sabatierattributes this type to the Latin emperorsof Constantinople,but Schlumberger(Numismatiquede
l'Orientlatin, p. 274) doubts that they struck coinage.I think this type is more likely a barbarousimitation
composedof elementsof three anonymousclasses- D, C, and J.
A fourth Agoraimitation has again a seated Christobverseand as a reversetype, a crosswith IC XC in
the lowerfield and possibly NI KAin the upper (for a somewhatsimilartype cf. NNM, 35, P1.III, 7). The
final type is that of a Christbust on the obversewith the reverseimpressionof a cross with prongedends
betweenthe armsof which are pellets or blunderedletters.
1878 This is a scyphate piece of billon.
The arrangementof the coinage of Alexius differs somewhatfrom that of the BMC, where there is no
indication, however, that Wroth intended a definitive order of strikings. The restrike evidence from the
Agorainsofar as it is specificis as follows: No. 1883 - one probablyover No. 1880; No. 1886 - three over
No. 1883, one over No. 1887; No. 1887 - eight over No. 1883 (to which can be addedanotherexamplein the
BMC), one over No. 1880, seven over No. 1886. This suggestsas the orderof issue: standingAlexius,Alexius
bust, Virgin, and finally the cross types. Without doubt some of these issues were concurrent,which would
explainthe occurrenceof one specimenof No. 1886 over No. 1887, as contrastedwith seven examplesof the
reverseorder of strikings.
It is interestingto note that whereasNos. 1883, 1886 and 1887 appearover anonymousissues of Alexius,
there is no instance of one of the latter over a signed type, which would seem to indicate, as in the case of
the anonymousseries as a whole, that the namedissues of any given emperorwere struck slightly later than
his anonymouscoinage.
1880 One restruck.
1882 One restruck.
1883 Twenty-one restruck:one over No. 1874, one over uncertainanonymoustype, one probably over
No. 1880.
1885 One restruck.
1886 Twenty-fiverestruck: three over No. 1873 with No. 1862 under one, three over No. 1874, four over
Alexius (No. 1883 for three, No. 1887 for one).
8*
1887 Fifty-two restruck: two over No. 1872, two over No. 1874, two over uncertain anonymousissue,
sixteen over Alexius (No. 1880 for one, No. 1883 for eight, No. 1886 for seven).
1888 One restruck.
1889 Both restruck.
1890 Miss Edwards (Corinth,VI, p. 142, note 2) has a similarmule combiningthe reversesof these two
popularAlexiusissues. She suggeststhat the Corinthpiece is of barbarousorigin and the same may be true
of the Agoraspecimen.I have not been able to reexamineit, but the recordon the card makes no mention
of a barbaricappearance.Whileone cannotruleout the possibilitythat such muleswereimitationsof imperial
issues, it seems to me quite likely that many of them were simply the result of hasty and carelessstriking.
Muchof the bronzecoinageof ConstansII, which was issued in such abundance,is characterizedby variant
and irregularinscriptions.One can, I think, assumethat in generalthese were officialissues - that the mint
was workingunder pressureso great that there was no properscrutiny of the output and coins of slipshod
workmanshipwere allowedto pass into circulation.At a later period under Alexius, John and Manuelone
finds a similarlycopiousand poorly struckcoinage, and it is then that the mules begin to appearwith some
frequency:two for Alexius (includingthe anonymouscombinationof CLASSES J and K, No. 1876), two
for John and twenty-threefor Manuel.Also with Manuel'sissues there are other deviations of lesser impor-
tance, such as the transpositionof the letters of the monogram.Againwe have what seemsto be an overtaxed
mint or mints putting out a coinageof distinctly poor quality with chippedand reusedflans and carelessdie
cutting. Apparentlythe mint magistrateshad no scruplesabout combiningon occasion odd reverses and
obversesif the dies werenot wornout sincethe use of misfitswas quickerand cheaperthan cutting the proper
new dies.
1891 Two of these coins are obviously barbaricimitations of the jewelled cross type. A third (probably
restruck)is very similarto a specimencited by MissEdwardsfrom Corinth(p. 142, 122) showingan Alexius
bust with the labaruminstead of the usual cruciformsceptre, and on the reverse, a jewelled cross with the
lowerletters of the inscriptionplaced at a diagonalslant. Miss Edwardssuggestsa Crusaderorigin.
Of the other imitations, two are Miss Edwards'type No. 172 with a cross on both obverse and reverse,a
IC XC.
third is her No. 175 with the bust of an emperorand a cross, in the angles of which is the legend NI KA
The two issues are listed in the Corinthpublicationunder "ByzantineUncertain",but I wonderif they may
not both be imitations of Alexius issues, the one repeatinghis patriarchalcross type on both sides of the
coin and the other combiningobverses No. 1884 and No. 1889.
1892 Thisis a silverscyphatecoin whichhad been gilded. It correspondsto the referenceexcept that instead
of the customaryobverse legendonly I OW
is visible to the 1.upward.M-1appearsabovethe two figuresand OV
to the r.
1894 One coin has been restruck;it is difficultto be sure whetherit belongs to this group or the one just
preceding.
1895 Two restruck.
1897 Both mules have the Virgin orans reverse, combined in one case with the obverse of No. 1894 and
in the other with No. 1895. The latter has been struck over a coin of Constantine IX.
1899ff. Nos. 1899-1902 are scyphate bronze issues. No. 1899 is similar to the BMC reference but the pieces
catalogued there are of electrum while ours is bronze. One specimen of No. 1900 has been restruck.
As with the coinage of Alexius, an attempt has been made to arrange Manuel's regular bronze issues (Nos.
1903-1909) in the order suggested by the overstrikings found on the Agora coins: No. 1907 - one over No.1904
with No. 1908 under that, one over No. 1908, one over No. 1906; No. 1908 - two over No. 1904, seven over
No. 1907; No. 1909 - one possibly over No. 1908. In two instances, No. 1907 over No. 1904 over No.1908
and No. 1907 over No. 1908, there is a contradiction of the order otherwise indicated. This may be due to a
misreading of the sequence of impressions on poorly preserved specimens or it may more likely be the result
of issues continued in circulation over a long period of time and used interchangeably for restriking. The
monogram and St. George types are by far the most common in the Agora group, and the quantity found
surely indicates that both extended over many years. So slight is the evidence on overstrikes as compared
COMMENTARY 117
with the vast amount of Manuelmoney, that this arrangementshouldbe consideredas little more than a
tentative effort,incorporatingthe informationon the Agorapieces,whichwill undoubtedlyneed revisionwhen
the final study of the late Byzantine coinage is made.
1904 Two restruck.
1905 One restruck.
1906 Seven restruck.
1907 Twenty-onecoins of the first monogramtype (p. 580, 79-82) have been restruck:one over No. 1904
with No. 1908 underthat, one over No. 1906, one over No. 1908. Threespecimensof this same groupshow
a variationin the monogram,the A and K having been transposed.
1908 Twenty-sixrestruck:two over No. 1904, seven over No. 1907.

1909 Threerestruck:one over No. 1895 underwhich is No. 1862, one possiblyover No. 1908.
1910 The combinationsof obversesand reversesare as follows:
10 with obverseof No. 1909, reverseof No. 1907 (p. 580, 79-82)
8 with obverseof No. 1908, reverseof No. 1907 ( ,, )
1 with obverseof No. 1904, reverseof No. 1908
1912 Seven restruck:four over No. 1907, one over No. 1908.
1913 One restruck:over No. 1912.
1914 Nos. 1914-1916 are scyphate AE pieces.
1919 Four restruck:two over No. 1907, one over No. 1912.
1920 These two pieces have the Isaac obverse of No. 1919, commonlyfound in associationwith the bust
of St. Michael,and on the reverse a representationof St. Georgecarryingspear in r. hand and with the
letters r I visible in the r. field. Their state of preservationis too bad for reproduction,and one cannot be
certain whether they representan unrecordedSt. Georgetype of Isaac or are simply mules combiningan
Isaac obversewith a Manuelreverse.
1922 Scyphatebronze.
1928 The reverseof our coin, a scyphate bronzelike the reference,is recordedas having a bust of Christ.
Either this is a variation or the type has been incorrectly identified from a worn specimen.
1929 All five coins of Theodore of Thessalonica are scyphate bronze. No. 1929 has an obverse corresponding
to Sabatier, II, P1. LXVI, 2 - to which the nearest parallel is a silver issue in the BMC (P1. XXVI, 2). Our
piece, however, according to the record has a bust of Christ or the Virgin on the reverse, seemingly the type
of BMC, P1. XXVI, 3.
1932 Scyphate bronze.
FRANKISH COINAGE
1933-1937 Schlumberger assigns Nos. 1933-1935 to the period prior to 1250 A.D. before the opening of
the nmintat Clermont and believes that most of the coins were struck at Corinth. No. 1936 was issued after
1250 at Clermont and No. 1937 between 1255 and 1260 A.D. in Euboea.
1938 This type and the one followingare describedby Schlumberger(p. 314) as counterfeithybrids.
1953-1956 Nos.1953f. are dated by Schlumbergerto 1287-1291A.D., No.1955 to 1291-1294,and No.1956
to 1294-1308 A.D. One Agora specimenof the last type has the variant legends, GVI DVX ATENSand
ThEBANICIVS,cited by Schlumberger,p. 840.
1957 The DECLARENCIA type is classedas a counterfeithybrid in L'Orientlatin, p. 340.
1959f. No. 1959 was struck at Lepanto; No. 1960 at Corfu.
ITALIAN COINAGE
1981 One specimenprobablyrestruck.

1984 Onone coin the CastleTournoistype with CAMPIBASSIappearsonboth obverseand reverse.Schlum-

berger(p. 357, note 4) cites a similarpiece which has the name of Nicholason both sides and suggeststhat
such errorsin striking may be the work of minormints.
VENETIAN COINAGE
2007 This coin is billon (confirmed).Sincethe type is knownonly in gold, the Agoraspecimenwould seem
to be an imitation or a forgery.
019 One coin with DALMAETALBANhas been restruck.
INDEX
RULERS
Aemilian,Nos. 365-367 ConstantineX, Nos. 1857f., 1869

Alexius I, Nos. 1873-1876, 1878-1890 ConstantiusII, Nos. 1029-1130
Alexius III, Nos. 1922f. ConstantiusChlorus,Nos. 755-768
Alexius III of Trebizond,No. 1932 ConstantiusGallus,Nos. 1198-1215
AnastasiusI, Nos. 1740-1744and "Vandalic" Contarini,Andrea,No. 1999
No. 1709 Corner,Marco,No. 1998
AnastasiusII, No. 18381 Crispina,Nos. 193f.
AndronicusI, Nos. 1912f. Crispus,Nos. 955-979
AndronicusII, Nos. 1924f.
AntoninusPius, Nos. 106-125 Dandolo, Andrea,Nos. 1993f.
Arcadius,Nos. 1498-1561 Dandolo,Francesco,No. 1991
Arcadiusor Honorius,Nos. 1562-1568 Dandolo, Giovanni,No. 1990
Athalaric,No. 1735 Da Ponte, Nicol6, No. 2013
Augustus,Nos. 14-17 Delmatius, Nos. 1192-1195
Aurelian,Nos. 576-629 Didius Julianus,No. 195
Diocletian, Nos. 727-741
Baduila, Nos. 1737-1739 Dolfin, Giovanni,Nos. 1995f.
Barbarigo,Agostino,No. 2005 Domitian, Nos. 31-41
Basil I, Nos. 1844-1848
Basil II, Nos. 1863f. Elagabalus,Nos. 224-227
BohemondI of Antioch, Nos. 1965f. Eudocia, No. 1650
Eudoxia, Nos. 1570-1572
Caracalla,Nos. 209-218 Eugenius, Nos. 1494-1497
Carinus,Nos. 713-721
Carus,Nos. 709-712 Fausta, No. 916
Celsi,Lorenzo,No. 1997 Faustina I, Nos. 126-136
CharlesI of Anjou, Nos. 1940, 1977 Faustina II, Nos. 152-169
CharlesII of Anjou, Nos. 1941, 1978 Flaccilla, Nos. 1482-1487
Chios,Lordsof, No. 1971 Florent of Hainaut, No. 1942
Cicogna,Pasquale,No. 2014 Florian, Nos. 644-649
Claudius,No. 19
ClaudiusII, Nos. 562-574 Gabalas,Leo (King of Rhodes), No. 1972
Commodus,Nos. 182-192 Galba,No. 21
ConstansI, Nos. 1132-1191 Galeria,No. 771
ConstansII, Nos. 1818-1822 Galerius,Nos. 764-770
ConstantineI, Nos. 817-914 Gallienus,Nos. 389-516
ConstantineI andfamily,Nos.923-954and pages49f. Gauthierof Brienne,No. 1958
ConstantineII, Nos. 980-1028 Gelimer,No. 1681
ConstantineIV, Nos. 1823-1825 GeorgeI of Tenos, No. 1970
ConstantineV, Nos. 1834f. Geta, Nos. 221-223
ConstantineVI, No. 1838 GordianIII, Nos. 275-310
ConstantineVII, Nos. 1851-1854 Gradenigo,Bartolomeo,No. 1992
ConstantineVIII, Nos. 1863f. Gratian,Nos. 1332-1370
ConstantineIX, No. 1867 Grimani,Marino,No. 2015
120 INDEX
Gritti, Andrea,Nos. 2007f. ManliaScantilla,No. 196

Guy I de la Roche, Nos. 1948f. ManuelI, Nos. 1899-1910
Guy II de la Roche, Nos. 1953-1957 Marcian,Nos. 1661-1667 and "Vandalic"No. 1706
MarcusAurelius,Nos. 137-151
Hadrian,Nos. 67-103 Masuna(2), No. 1725
Helen, Nos. 917-921 MauriceTiberius,Nos. 1789-1793
Heraclius, Nos. 1807-1817 Maximian,Nos. 742-754
HerenniaEtruscilla,Nos. 343-345 MaximinusI, Nos. 261-272
HerenniusEtruscus,Nos. 346f. MaximinusII, Nos. 775-783
Hilderic, No. 1680 Maximus(son of MaximinusI), No. 273
Honorius, Nos. 1573-1621 and "Vandalic"No. 1682 Maximus(384-388 A.D.), Nos. 1488-1491
Honoriusor Arcadius,Nos. 1562-1568 MichaelII, No. 1841
MichaelIII, No. 1843

MichaelIV, No. 1866

Irene, Nos. 1838f.
Isaac I, No. 1868 MichaelVII, Nos. 1860, 1871
Isaac II, Nos. 1914-1920 Mocenigo, Alvise, No. 2012
Isabelleof Villehardouin,No. 1943 Mocenigo, Tomaso,No. 2004
Morosini,Francesco,No. 2016
Morosini,Michele,No. 2001
Johannes,No. 1652
John I, Nos. 1856, 1863
John II, Nos. 1892-1897 Nero, No. 20
John I of Brittany, No. 1976 Nerva, Nos. 42-44
John II of Epirus, No. 1961 NicephorusII, No. 1855
John II of GrandeVlaquie,No. 1969 NicephorusIII, Nos. 1862, 1872
John I of Nicaea, No. 1927 NicephorusBryennius(?), No. 1861
John of Gravina,No. 1947 Nicholas II of Campobasso,No. 1984
John XXII, Pope at Avignon, No. 1980 Numerian,Nos. 723-726
Jovian, Nos. 1256-1263
Julia Domna, Nos. 205-208 Odovacar,No. 1731
Julia Maesa,No. 228 Orderof St. John at Rhodes, No. 1973
Julia Mamaea,Nos. 251-260 Otacilia Severa, Nos. 329-334
Julian II, Nos. 1216-1255 Otho, No. 22
Justin I, Nos. 1745-1749
Justin II, Nos. 1771-1781 Philip I, Nos. 311-328
Justinian I, Nos. 1750-1770 and "Vandalic" Nos. Philip of Savoy, No. 1944
1701, 1710, 1711(2), 1716, 1718 Philip of Tarentum,Nos. 1945, 1959f.
Justinian II, Nos. 1826, 1828f. Philippicus,No. 1830
Phocas, Nos. 1794-1806
Leo I, Nos. 1668-1676 and "Vandalic"Nos. 1689, Pius IV, Pope at Rome, No. 1986
1707 Placidia, No. 1651
Leo III, Nos. 1832f. Plautilla, Nos. 219f.
Leo IV, No. 1837 Postumus, No. 558
Leo V, No. 1840 Priuli, Gerolamo,No. 2010
Leo VI, Nos. 1849f. Priuli, Lorenzo,No. 2009
Licinius I, Nos. 784-806 Probus, Nos. 650-708
Licinius II, Nos. 807-816 Procopius, Nos. 1329-1331
Loredan, Leonardo, No. 2006 Pupienus, No. 274
Loredan, Pietro, No. 2011
Louis IX of France, No. 1974 Quietus, Nos. 555-557
Lucilla, Nos. 178-181 Quintillus, No. 575
Lucius Verus, Nos. 170-177
Raymond II of Tripolis, No. 1968
Macrian, Nos. 551-554 Robert of Provence, No. 1979
Magnentius, No. 1197 Roger II of Sicily, No. 1981
Magnia Urbica, No. 722 Romanus III, No. 1865
Mahaut of Hainaut, No. 1946 Romanus IV, Nos. 1859, 1870
INDEX 121
Sabina, Nos. 104f. TiberiusIII, No. 1827

Saint-Martinof Tours,No. 1975 Tiepolo, Jacopo, Nos. 1987f.
Salonina,Nos. 517-547 Titus, No. 30
Saloninus,No. 550 Trajan,Nos. 45-66
SeptimiusSeverus,Nos. 197-204 TrajanDecius, Nos. 335-342
Severina,Nos. 630-636 TrebonianusGallus,Nos. 348-359
SeverusII, Nos. 772-774
SeverusIII, No. 1677 Valens, Nos. 1297-1328
SeverusAlexander,Nos. 229-250 ValentinianI, Nos. 1264-1295
Steno, Michele,No. 2003 ValentinianI-III, page 64
ValentinianII, Nos. 18371-1415
Tacitus, Nos. 637-643 Valentinian III, Nos. 1653-1660 and "Vandalic"
Tancredof Antioch, No. 1967 Nos. 1683, 1688, 1698, 1699, 1726(?)
Tetricus,Nos. 560f. ValerianI, Nos. 368-388

Theodahad,No. 1736 ValerianII, Nos. 548f.
Theodora(stepmotherof ConstantineI), No. 922 Valier, Silvestro, No. 2017
TheodoreI of Nicaea, No. 1926 Venier,Antonio, No. 2002
TheodoreII of Nicaea, No. 1928 Vespasian,Nos. 23-29
Theodoreof Thessalonica,Nos. 1929-1931 Vetranio,No. 1196
Theodoric,Nos. 1732-1734 Victor, Nos. 1492f.
TheodosiusI, Nos. 1416-1480and "Vandalic" Victorinus,No. 559
Nos. 1687, 1692 Volusian,Nos. 360-364
TheodosiusI or II, No. 1481
TheodosiusII, Nos. 1622-1649and "Vandalic" WilliamI de la Roche, Nos. 1950-1952
Nos. 1685, 1705, 1724 WilliamI of Sicily, No. 1982
Theophilus,Nos. 1841f. WilliamII of Sicily, No. 1983
ThomasII of Salona, No. 1963 Williamof Villehardouin,Nos. 19388-1939
ThomasIII of Salona, No. 1964
Tiberius,No. 18 Zeno, Nos. 1678f. and "Vandalic"No. 1708
TiberiusII, Nos. 1782-1788 Zeno,Ranieri,No. 1989
Barbarousimitations:Nos, 915 (ConstantineI); 1131 (ConstantiusII); 1296 (ValentinianI); 1569 (Arcadius

or Honorius); 1836 (ConstantineV); 1877 (AnonymousByzantine); 1891 (Alexius I); 1898 (John II);
1911 (ManuelI); 1921 (Isaac II); 1962 (John II of Epirus); 1985 (Nicholas II of Campobasso);2000
(AndreaContarini)
MINTS
(Throughthe Byzantine Period)

ALEXANDRIA, Nos. 740, 767, 773f., 803, 892-895, to 1424, 1488, 1492, 1495, 1501f., 1577, and pages
950, 1019, 1115-1119, 1177-1179, 1211, 1250f., 49, 64
1291f., 1324f., 1363, 1406-1409, 1464-1466, 1544 ARLES, Nos. 785f., 808, 831-883,937,958-960,1187f.,
to 1547, 1567, 1603-1606,1814, and page 50 1300, 1838, 1490
ANTIOCH, Nos. 249, 305-308, 325-327, 358f., 364,
379-384, 460-501, 537-542, 549, 570-572, 619, 636, CARTHAGE, Nos. 764, 1762f., 1806, 1815
701f., 726, 739, 752f., 781, 802, 814f., 884-891, 933, COLOGNE,No. 559
949, 1016-1018,1108-1114,1174-1176,1247-1249, CONSTANTINOPLE, Nos. 859-864, 919, 922, 928f., 943
1261, 1288-1290, 1322f., 1361f., 1403-1405, 1461 to 945, 954, 1003-1006, 1071-1081, 1152-1162,
to 1463, 1486, 1538-1543, 1564-1566, 1600-1602, 1192, 1204-1206,1232-1236,1259,1278-1282,1811
1640f., 1666,1743,1760f., 1778,1787f., 1793, 1805, to 1315, 1329f., 1850-1352,18390-1895,1443-1450,
and pages 50, 64 1482, 1517-1524, 1562, 1570, 1582-1587, 1625 to
AQUILEIA, NOs. 755, 820-822, 956, 981, 1036-1039, 1632,1664,1668-1671,1740-1742,1745-1747,1750
11385f.,1218, 1266f., 1334-1337, 1374-1376, 1420 to 17583,1771f., 1782-1784, 1789f., 1794-1796,
122 INDEX
1807f., 1818f., 18238f.,1827-1882, 1834f., 1837to to 375, 389-430, 517-531, 548, 562-566, 575-582,
1860, 1862-1876, 1878-1890, 1892-1897, 1899 to 630-632, 644, 650-658, 709f., 713-717, 722f., 727
1910, 1912-1920,1922-1925,and pages 50, 64 to 732, 742f., 784, 817-819, 923, 955, 980, 1029 to
CYzicus, Nos. 609-618, 635, 643, 649, 696-700, 725, 1035, 1132-1134, 1198, 1216f., 1264f., 1297f.,
738, 750f., 759-762, 766, 779f., 799-801, 812f., 874 1332f., 1371-1373, 1416-1419, 1494, 1498-1500,
to 883, 916, 920, 982, 948, 971, 1012-1015,1095 to 1573-1576,1652-1654,1765, 1779,and pages49, 64
1107, 1166-1173, 1209f., 1242-1246, 1260, 1285 to
1287,1319-18321, 1331, 1357-1360,1400-1402,1454 SERDICA, Nos. 603-608, 641f., 647f., 693-695
to 1460, 1530-1537, 1571, 1594-1599, 1637-1639, SICILY, Nos. 1764, 1820, 1825f.
1656f., 1758f., 1776f., 1802-1804, 1813, and pages SIRMIum, Nos. 1045-1047, 1200, 1223f., and page 49
50, 64 SISCIA, Nos. 446-456, 533-536, 567, 590-602, 634,
639f., 675-692, 719f., 724, 745f., 787f., 809, 834 to
EPHESUS, Nos. 9-12 840, 917, 925, 961-963, 984-990, 1040-1044, 1139
to 1141, 1199, 1221f., 1268-1271, 1301-1304, 1339

HERACLEA, Nos. 735-737, 748f., 758, 765, 772, 792 to to 1342, 1377-1379,1425-1430,1503f., and page49
795, 810, 852-858, 918, 927, 940-942, 968f., 998 to SPAIN, No. 4
1002, 1061-1070, 1150f., 1203, 1229-1231, 1257f.,
1277, 1309f., 1348f., 1388f., 1440-1442, 1483f., TARRACO,No. 29
Nos. 734, 747, 757, 771, 775-777,
15183-1516,1579-1581,1624, 1663, and pages49, 64 THESSALONICA,
789-791, 841-851, 926, 938f., 964-967, 991-997,
ITALY, Nos. 1, 8
1048-1060, 1142-1149, 1196, 1201f., 1225-1228,
1256, 1272-1276, 1305-1308, 1343-1347, 1380 to
LONDON, No. 827 1387, 1431-1439, 1505-1512, 1578, 1622f., 1655,
LYONS, Nos. 16, 18, 445, 558, 671-674, 828-880, 983,
1662, 1678, 1754, 1773, 1785, 1791, 1797-1799,
1219f., 1489 1809-1811, 1929-1931,and pages 49, 64
TICINUM,Nos. 588f., 633, 637f., 645f., 659-670, 711f.,
718, 733, 744, 756, 807, 823-825
MILAN, Nos. 355-357, 376-378, 431-444, 5832,588 to
TREBIZOND,No. 1932.
587 TREVES, Nos. 826, 924, 957, 982, 1197, 1299
NICAEA,Nos. 1926-1928 UNCERTAIN ASIA MINT, Nos. 385-388, 502-508, 543

NICOMEDIA,Nos. 778, 796-798, 811, 865-873, 930f., to 545, 550-557
946f., 970, 1007-1011,1082-1094,1163-1165,11938, UNCERTAINASIA MINORMINT, Nos. 457-459, 568f.
1207f., 1237-1241, 1283f., 1316-1318, 1353-1356, UNCERTAINEASTERNMINTS, Nos. 17,66
1396-1399,1451-1458,1485,1525-1529,1563,1588 UNCERTAINGALLICMINT, No. 560
to 1593, 1633-1636,1665, 1748, 1755-1757,1774f., UNCERTAIN PROVINCIALMINT, NO. 1833
1786, 1792, 1800f., 1812, and pages 50, 64 UNCERTAIN MINTS (indefinite location), Nos. 13, 546,
573f., 620-622, 1680-1739,1749, 1770, 1861
RAVENNA, Nos. 1661, 1766f., 1816 UNCERTAIN MINTS (irregular issues or forgeries),
ROME,Nos. If., 5-8, 14f., 19f., 21-28, 30, 31-41, 42 Nos. 51, 136, 218, 250, 306, 309f., 328, 334, 516,
to 65, 67-103, 104-135, 1837-217,219-248, 251-308, 561, 915, 1131, 1296, 1569, 1836, 1877, 1891, 1898,
311-324, 329-33888,885-842, 848-354, 360-363, 365 1911, 1921
PLATES
36
432
S250
501
131
172
325
457
516
136
PLATE 1
573
PLATE 2
607
1137
1711
764
648
1334
64614
1687
1712
1238
1238
53
1709
1810
1829b
1861
1767b
18611877
1836
1819a
PLATE 3
PLATE 4
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.?Zf ..... k-k_% "::"'• ' •
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THE ATHENIAN

THE AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS

PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY

American School of Classical Studies at Athens

AMERICAN NUMISMATIC SOCIETY MARGARET THOMPSON

ROMAN AND BYZANTINE COINAGE RATIOS ..................... X

ABBREVIATIONS IN THE CATALOGUE ........................... 8

ROMAN REPUBLICAN COINAGE

ITALIAN COINAGE ...................................... 79

NUMERICAL SUMMARY ...................................... 88

RULERS ............................................... 119

Augustus ............. 27 B.C.-14 A.D. 1/ Anastasius I .......... 491-518 A.D. 1

Tiberius .............. 14-37 A.D. Justin I .............. 518-527 A.D. 1

The aggregate for all mints for the same reigns:

The proportionsfrom Thessalonica,Constantinopleand Cyzicus give the mint nearest Athens

The complete tally of all mints:

Constantinople.. 304 Carthage ....... 7

Thessalonica .... 188 Ravenna ....... 4

Berytus. ArchaeologicalStudies (American University of Beirut, 1934-)

Pap. N. Papadopoli, Le Monete di Venezia (1893-1919)

Poeyd'AvantF. Poey d'Avant, Monnaies feodales de France (1858-1862)

Spinelli D. Spinelli, Monete cufiche (1844)

Syd. Edward A. Sydenham, The Coinageof the Roman Republic (1952)

TI. CLAUDIUS 78-77 B.C.

CN. CORNELIUS LENTULUS MARCELLINUS c. 76-74 B:C.

M. AEMILIUS SCAURUS 58 B.C.

CN. PLANCI US c. 54 B.C.

D. JUNIUS BRUTUS ALBINUS 49-48 B.C.

P. SEPULLIUS MACER c. 44 B.C.

M. AN TONIUS c. 37-31 B.C.

12 Den. Ephesus Same/Same with LEGXV Syd., p. 196, 1235 1

ROMAN IMPERIAL COINAGE

AUGUSTUS 27 B.C.-14 A.D. (5)

TIBERIUS 14-37 A.D. (2)

CLAUDIUS 41-54 A.D. (1)

NERO 54-68 A.D. (2)

GALBA 68-69 A.D. (1)

OTHO 69 A.D. (1)

VESPASIAN 69-79 A.D. (11)

DOMITIAN 81-96 A.D. (18)

35 Den. 81-84 A.D. SALVSAVGVST Salus seated 1. BMC, II, p. 309, 54 1

NERVA 96-98 A.D. (3)

TRAJAN 98-117 A.D. (46)

49 Den. ,, Same. Spes 1. BMC, III, p. 75, 319-321 1

53 Den. 117-118 A.D. No legend. Phoenix r. BMC, III, p. 245, 49 1

HADRIAN 117-138 A.D. (67)

102 Dup. ,, AVG VI SC Liberalitas 1.

ANTONINUS PIUS 138-161 A.D. (46)

131* Ses. ,, Same. Juno 1. cf. BMC, IV, p. 238, 1480 1

132 Ses. ,, VESTASC Vesta 1. BMC, IV, p. 246, ? 1

MARCUS AURELIUS 161-180 A.D. (26)

162 Ses. ,, IVNONI REGINAESC Same BMC, IV, p. 533, 919-923 1

163 Ses. ,, SALVTIAVGVSTAESC Salus seated 1. BMC, IV, p. 535, 945-948 1

LUCIUS VERUS 161-169 A.D. (11)

COMMODUS 176-192 A.D. (15)

VI SC Caduceus and crossed cornucopiae

BMC, IV, p. 841,t

DIDIUS JULIANUS 193 A.D. (1)

MANLIA SCANTILLA (1)

SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS 193-211 A.D. (13)

JULIA DOMNA (6)

CARACALLA 198-217 A.D. (12)

GETA 209-212 A.D. (5)