Perimeter, Area, and Volume

1. The perimeter of a polygon (or any other closed curve, such as a circle) is
the distance around the outside.

2. The area of a simple, closed, planar curve is the amount of space inside.

3. The volume of a solid 3D

shape is the amount of space displaced by it.

Some formulas for common 2

-dimensional plane figures and 3 -dimensional solids are given below. The
answers have one, two, or three dimensions; perimeter is measured in linear
units , area is measured in square units , and volume is measured in cubic
units.

Table 1
. Perimeter Formulas

Shape Formula Variables

Square P=4s

is the length of the side

of the square.

Rectangle P=2L+2W
 L
and W
are the lengths of the rectangle's sides (length
and width).

Triangle a+b+c

a,b
, and c
are the side lengths.

Right Triangle, with legs a

and b
(see Pythagorean Theorem ) P=a+b+a2+b2−−−−−−√

a
and b
are the lengths of the two legs of the
triangle

Circle P=C=2πr=πd

r
is the radius and d
is the diameter.
 Table 2. Area Formulas

Shape Formula Variables

Square A=s2

is the length of the

side of the square.

Rectangle
A=LW

L
and W
are the lengths of the rectangle's sides
(length and width).

Triangle A=12bh

b
and h
are the
base
and
height
 Triangle A=s(s−a)(s−b)(s−c)−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−√where  s=a + b + c2

a
, b , and c are the side lengths and s
is the semiperimeter

Parallelogram
A=bh

b
is the length of the base and h
is the height.

Trapezoid A=b1 + b22h

b1
and b2 are the lengths of the parallel sides and h
the distance (height) between the parallels.

Circle A=πr2

is the radius.
 Table 3. Volume Formulas

Shape Formula Variables

Cube V=s3

is the length of the

side.

Right Rectangular Prism V=LWH

L
is the length, W is the width and H
is the height.

Prism or Cylinder V=Ah

A
is the area of the base, h
is the height.

Pyramid or Cone V=13Ah

A
is the area of the base, h
 is the height.

Sphere V=43πr3

r
is the radius.
Length
1 kilometer (km) = 1000 meters (m)

1 meter (m) = 100 centimeter (cm)

1 centimeter (cm) = 10-2m

1 millimeter (mm) = 10-3m

1 micron (μ) = 10-6m

1 millimicron (mμ) = 10-9m

1 angstrom (A) = 10-10m

1 inch (in.) = 2.54 cm

1 foot (ft) = 30.48 cm

1 mile (mi) = 1.609 km

1 mil = 10-3 in.

1 centimeter = 0.3937 in.

1 meter = 39.37 in.

1 kilometer = 0.6214 mile

Area

1 square meter (m2) = 10.76 ft2

1 square mile (mi2) = 640 acres

1 square foot (ft2) = 929 cm2

1 acre = 43,560 ft2

Volume

1 liter (l) = 1000cm3 = 1.057 quart (qt) = 61.02 in3 = 0.03532 ft3

1 cubic meter (m3) = 1000 l = 35.32 ft3

1 cubic foot (ft3) = 7.481 U.S.gal = 0.02832 m3 = 28.32 l

1 U.S. gallon (gal) = 231 in3 = 3.785 l

1 British gallon = 1.201 U.S.gallon = 277.4 in3

Mass

1 kilogram (kg) = 2.2046 pounds (lb) = 0.06852 slug;

1 lb = 453.6 gm = 0.03108 slug

1 slug = 32.174 lb = 14.59 kg

Speed

1 km/h = 0.2778 m/sec = 0.6214 mi/h = 0.9113 ft/sec

1mi/h = 1.467 ft/sec = 1.609 km/h = 0.4470 m/sec

Density

1 gm/cm3 = 103 kg/m3 = 62.43 lb/ft3 = 1.940 slug/ft3

1 lb/ft3 = 0.01602 gm/cm3

1 slug/ft3 = 0.5154 gm/cm3

Force

1 newton (nt) = 105 dynes = 0.1020 kgwt = 0.2248 lbwt

1 pound weight (lbwt) = 4.448 nt = 0.4536 kgwt = 32.17 poundals

1 kilogram weight (kgwt) = 2.205 lbwt = 9.807 nt

1 U.S.short ton = 2000 lbwt

1 long ton = 2240 lbwt

1 metric ton = 2205 lbwt

Energy

1 joule = 1 nt m = 107 ergs = 0.7376 ft lbwt = 0.2389 cal = 9.481 × 10-4 Btu

1 ft lbwt = 1.356 joules = 0.3239 cal = 1.285 × 10-3 Btu

1 calorie (cal) = 4.186 joules = 3.087 ft lbwt = 3.968 × 10-3 Btu

1 Btu (British thermal unit) = 778 ft lbwt = 1055 joules = 0.293 watt h

1 kilowatt hour (kw hr) = 3.60 × 106 joules = 860 kcal = 3413 Btu

1 electron volt (ev) = 1.602 × 10-19 joule

Power

1 watt = 1 joule/sec = 107 ergs/sec = 0.2389 cal/sec

1 horsepower (hp) = 550 ft lbwt/sec = 33,000 ft lbwt /min = 745.7 watts

1 kilowatt (kw) = 1.341 hp = 737.6 ft lbwt/sec = 0.9483 Btu/sec

Pressure

1 nt/m2 = 10 dynes/cm2 = 9.869 × 10-6 atmosphere = 2.089 × 10-2 lbwt/ft2

1 lbwt/in2 = 6895 nt/m2 = 5.171 cm mercury = 27.68 in water

1 atmosphere (atm) = 1.013 × 105 nt/m2 = 1.013 × 106 dynes/cm2 = 14.70 lbwt/in2 = 76 cm mercury =
406.8 in.water

Units of time conversion chart are discussed here in hour, minute, second, day, week, month, and
year.

The standard units of time are

1 hour = 60 minutes

1 minute = 60 seconds

1 hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds (60 × 60)

1 day = 24 hours

1 week = 7 days

1 year = 365 days

1 year = 12 months

1year = 52 weeks

1. How many minutes are there in a year?

Solution:

We know,

1 year = 365 days.

1 day = 24 hours.

1 hour = 60 minutes.

So one year = (365 × 24 × 60) minutes.

= (8760 × 60) minutes.

= 525600 minutes.

2. How many hours are there in a year?

Solution:

We know,

1 year = 365 days.

1 day = 24 hours.

So in one year = (365 × 24)

= 7860 hours.

3. How many minutes in 6 hours?

Solution:

We know,

1 hour = 60 minutes.

So 6 hours = (6 × 60) minutes.

= 360 minutes.

4. Convert 220 minutes to hours and minutes.

Solution:

We know that 60 minutes = 1 hour

220 minutes = (220/60) hours

3
60 220
- 180
40

= 3 hours 40 minutes.