DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING,

MANIPAL UNIVERSITY JAIPUR

M. Tech. in COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS (CS)

FIRST SEMESTER

MA6102: PROBABILITY, RANDOM VARIABLES & STOCHASTIC PROCESS [4 0 0 4]

Statistical Methods: Correlation and Regression. Statistical Inference: Z-test, t-test, F-test, Chi square test,
Analysis of variance (ANOVA), Parameter Estimation- point and interval. Stochastic Processes:
Introduction, generating functions, Markov chains, transition probabilities, Chapmen K olmogorov
equations, Classification of states, Chains of Markov process, Stability of Markov systems, limiting
behavior. Random Processes: Introduction, Special types of Random Processes, Stationary Process,
Random Walk, Poisson Process, Derivation of Poisson process, Properties of Poisson process, Related
Distributions. Queuing Theory: Introduction, general concepts, Birth and Death processes, M/M/1 and
M/M/S models and their steady state and transient behaviour.

References:

1. K .K. Das and D. Bhattacharjee, A Treatise on Statistical Inference and Distributions, Asian Book
Private Limited, 2008.
2. A.M. Natarajan and A. Tamilarasi, Probability, Random Processes and Queuing Theory, New Age
International publisher, 2010.
3. J. Medhi, Stochastic Processes, New Age Science, 3rd Edition, 2009.
4. Papoulis & S.U. Pillai, Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes, McGraw Hill,
2002.
5. P. Z. Peebles Jr., Probability, Random Variables and Random Signal Principles, McGraw Hill
International Edition, Singapore, 2001.

DR6001: RESEARCH METHODOLOY [3 0 0 3]

Introduction to Research: Meaning and Concepts, Types of Research, Process of Research, Classification
of Variables, Review of Literature, Formulating Research Problem & determining research objectives ,
Ethics in Research, Limitations in Research. Research Repositories. Research Design: Meaning &
concept of research design, Types of Research Design, Need for research design, Features of a Good
research Design, Developing a Research Plan. Data Collection: Types of Data – Primary and Secondary
Data – Benefits and Drawbacks, Various methods of Data Collection, Measurement Scales – Classification
of Scales, Measurement error, Criteria for Good Measurement. Interpretation and Report Writing: Meanin g
of Interpretation, Technique of Interpretation, Precaution in Interpretation, Types of Reports, Significance
of Report Writing, Different Steps in Writing Report, Layout of the Research Report, Oral Presentation,
Thesis writing, research paper writing, preparing synopsis & summary of research thesis work. Publishing
research papers, reference writing: foot note, Various electronic tools for citation and referencing, in-text
citation, bibliography, citation styles, Bibliometrics. Sampling Techniques: basic terms, Importance of
sampling in research, essentials of a good sample, sampling error, standard error of the mean (Standard
Deviation), Estimation of parameters, accuracy & precision of estimation, sampling procedure,
types/methods of sampling, Central limit theorem, sample size determination, confidenc e interval and
Confidence level. Measurement & Scaling Techniques: - types of data: Primary & Secondary, Types of
Scales: Ratio, Interval, Ordinal Nominal. Mapping rules, characteristics of a good measurem ent, sources
of error in measurement.

References:
1. C R Kothari and G. Garg, Research Methodology: methods and techniques, New Age International
(P) Ltd, 2019.
2. K. S. Bordens and B. B. Abbitt, Research Design & Methods, A process approach, (10e), McGraw
Hill Education, 2018.
 3. D. Chawla and N. Sondhi, Research Methodology – Concepts and Cases, Vikas Publishing House,
2011.
4. D. R. Cooper, P. S. Schindler, Business Research Methods, (12e), McGraw Hill, 2014.
5. A. Bryman and E. Bell, Business Research Methods, (5e), Oxford University Press, 2018.
6. W. G. Zikmund, Business Research Methods, (8e), Cenagage Learning, 2010.
7. W. Guddard and S. Melville, Research Methodology an introduction for Science & Engineering
Students, (2e), Kenwyn, South Africa: Juta & Co., 2011.
8. R. Ganesen, Research Methodology for Engineers, MJP Publishers, Chennai, 2011.

EC6101: ADVANCED DIGITAL COMMUNICATION [4 0 0 4]

Signal representation and mathematical models of communication: Gram - Schmidt orthogonalization

proceedure, Digital Modulation Techniques: Memoryless modulation-PAM, PSK, FSK, QAM, Multi-
dimensional signalling, Non-linear Modulations with Memory- CPFSK, CPM. Design of optimum receiver
for AWGN channels: Optimal demodulation-correlator, matched filter, optimal detection-MAP, ML
detection, Minimum Distance Detector. Synchronization & Equalization: Carrier and Symbol
synchronization- PLL, Timing recovery by spectral-line methods, Early-late gate timing recovery, differential
encoding. Nyquist criteria for ISI, Raised cosine pulse, linear equalization, Decision Feedback Equalizers
(DFE), Adaptive Linear Equalizer. Introduction to OFDM: Multiple-carrier modulation, FDM, Syntheisis of
OFDM, FFT implementation, Receiver description, Using Cyclic prefix to handle ISI.

References:

1. J. G. Proakis, M. Salehi, Digital Communications, (5e), Mc Graw Hill, 2008.

2. J. G. Proakis, M. Salehi, and G. Bauch, Contemporary Communication Systems Using MATLAB,
(3e), Cengage Learning, 2012.
3. Upamanyu Madhow, Fundamentals of Digital Communication, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
4. Bernard Sklar, Digital Communications, (2e), McGraw-Hill, 2001.
5. Simon Haykin & Michael Moher, Communication Systems, (5e), Wiley, May 2009.
6. Harry L. Van Trees, Kristine L. Bell, Detection Estimation and Modulation Theory, (2e), Part I,
Wiley, 2013.

EC6102: ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING [4 0 0 4]

Review of Spectral Analysis: theory of random processes, Defined approaches using the peri odogram and
DFT methods, Nonlinear estimations, Applications to signal analysis and linear prediction. Linear Analytical
Codings: Autocorrelation and covariance implementations, Design and interpretation of lattice filters,
Applications to speech, bioinformation processing, and geophysics Multirate Digital Signal Processing-
applications, Sampling rate conversion, Polyphase implementation of FIR filters for rate conversion. Short
Time Fourier Analysis: Interpretation as linear filter vs. Fourier transform Fi lter design techniques,
Application to speech and music analysis, Generalized time-frequency representations, Wigner
distributions and wavelets. Adaptive Filtering Techniques: General introduction and overview, FIR filters:
the MMSE, LMS, and RLS algorithms, Lattice filters: filter derivation and design, Convergenc e of
transversal and lattice filters, The RLS and related algorithms .

References:

1. M. Hayes, Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling, Wiley, 1996.

2. D. G. Manolakis, V. K., Ingle, S. M. Kogon, Statistical and Adaptive Signal Processing, Artech
House Publishers, 2005.
3. J. G. Proakis, C. M. Rader, F. Ling, and C. L. Nikias, Advanced Digital Signal Processing,
Macmillan, 1992.
4. S. L. Marple, Digital Spectral Analysis with Applications, Prentice-Hall, 1989.
5. S. M. Kay, Modern Spectral Estimation: Theory and Application, Prentice-Hall, 1999.
6. L. R. Rabiner, D. J Gold, Theory and Application of Speech Processing, (3e), Prentice Hall, India,
2007.
 7. T. F. Quatieri, Discrete-Time Signal Processing of Speech: Principles and Practice, Pearson,
2001.
8. B. Widrow, and S. D. Stearns, Adaptive Signal Processing, Prentice-Hall, 1985.
9. S. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory, (5e), Prentice-Hall, 2013.

EC6103: COMMUNICATION NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS [4 0 0 4]

Data Networks: Intranets, Extranets, TCP/IP protocol suit: requirement, architecture, internetworking,
traditional application protocols: Telnet, FTP, SMTP, MIME; Modern application protocols: HTTP, DNS,
Voice Over IP and Multimedia support-SIP, Sockets, Wired and wireless networks, PAN, LAN, MAN, WAN.
Congestion and Performance Issues: Need and QoS, performance metrics, congestion control, Traffic
management, Transport Control: Connection oriented and connectionless services, TCP and UDP
protocols, TCP traffic Control. Internet Protocol: Internetworking, IPv4, IPv6, Integrated and differentiat e
services, queuing discipline, Resource reservation: RSVP, Real-Time Transport Protocol, Interior Routing
Protocol: Least-Cost protocol, Distance-Vector Protocol: RIP, Link-State protocol: OSPF; Exterior Routing
Protocol: Path-vector Protocol: BGP and IDRP, multicasting. Personal Area Networks (PAN):
characteristics, Bluetooth: Specifications, Transport Protocol Group, Middleware Protocol Group, Bluetooth
Profiles; ZigBee Networks: Specifications, communication in networks. Wide Area Networks (WAN):
Cellular wireless networks: Organization, operations. Ad-hoc networks: categories MAC protocols,
categories of Routing protocols, QoS in Ad Hoc networks.

References:

1. William Stallings, Computer Network ing with Internet Protocols and Technology, (5e), Pearson
Education, 2011.
2. C Siva Ram Murthy, B.S. Manoj, Ad Hoc Wireless Network s: Architectures and Protocols , (2e),
Pearson Education, 2008.

EC6130: COMMUNICATION LAB-I [0 0 2 1]

Study and performance comparison of digital modulation techniques -ISI (eye diagrams), Probablity of error,
signal spectrum. Simulation (MATLAB/LABVIEW) of MMSE/zero-forcing recievers, OFDM implementation,
Development of algorithms related to modelling and simulation of various communication related problems.

EC6131: ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB [0 0 2 1]

Implementation of Time domain and Frequency domain Analysis of signals and systems, Analysis in z-
domain, Filter Design, Filter Implementation using DSP Kits, FFT and its Applications, Audio Codec and its
Applications, Real Time Data Exchange, Introduction to Code Composer Studio, FIR filtering by interfacing
Matlab with Code Composer Studio, Introduction to Interrupts, Digital communication using Binary Phase
Shift Keying using MATLAB software and Hardware on DSP Processor Kit.

EC6171: SEMINAR [0 0 2 1]
Student has to present a seminar on any of the recent advances in communication engineering as per his
choice and research interest (with reference to IEEE and other reputed journals, recent books and white
papers in the related field).

The topic selected for the presentation would require the approval of the instructor. Student would be
required to submit a report as per the format provided by the department.

SECOND SEMESTER
EC6201: WIRELESS AND MOBILE COMMUNICATION [4 0 0 4]

Wireless Services: Circuit and Data (Packet) Mode, Circuit Switching, Packet Switching, Data Delivery
Approaches, Pull and Hybrid Systems, Push Systems. The adaptive push system. Techniques and
interactions between the different network layers. Wireless communication trends and services. Global
positioning systems, introduction to ad-hoc mobile network, mobile radio system, paging, cordless, cellular
telephone system. Cellular concept-system design fundamentals. Properties of antenna system. Cell
coverage, cell site and mobile antenna, Concept of Intelligent cell. Frequency management and channel
assignment. Inter-PLMN Signaling Network, Communication between a VPLMN VLR and HPLMN HLR,
Roaming Procedures, Roaming call scenarios. Narrowband Systems, Wideband Systems, Spread
Spectrum Multiple Access, Space Division Multiple Access. Fourth Generation (4G) Systems and Beyond,
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), 4G Services and Applications, Future trends for next -
generation wireless networks.

References:

1. Theodore Rappaport, Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice,(2e), Prentice Hall, 2001.
2. David Tse, Pramod Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communications, Cambridge Universit y
Press, 2005.
3. Andrea Goldsmith, Wireless Communications, (1e), Cambridge University Press, 2005.
4. W. C. Lee, Mobile Communications Engineering, (2e), Tata McGraw-Hill, 2008.

EC6202: ANTENNA THEORY AND DESIGN [4 0 0 4]

Traveling - wave antennas, helical antennas, Biconical antennas, and Principles of frequency - independent
Antennas, Arrays: Linear, Planar, and Circular, Horn Antennas : Introduction, E-Plane Sectoral Horn, H-
Plane Sectoral Horn, Pyramidal Horn, Square horn , Diagonal horn, Corrugated Horn, Multimode Horns,
Dielectric-Loaded Horns, Microstrip Antennas: Introduction, Rectangular Patch, Circular Patch, Reflector
Antennas: Introduction, Plane Reflector, Corner Reflector, Parabolic Reflector, Smart Antennas:
Introduction, Smart-Antenna Analogy, Cellular Radio Systems Evolution, Signal Propagation, Smart
Antennas’ Benefits, Drawbacks, Beamforming, Antenna Measurements : Introduction, Antenna Ranges,
Radiation Pattern, Gain, Directivity, Impedance, Polarization Measurement.

References:

1. Stutzman and Thiele, Antenna Theory and Design, (3e), John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2012.
2. C. A. Balanis, Antenna Theory, (3e), John Wiley & Sons, 2010.
3. J. Kraus, Antenna and wave Propagation, (4e), Tata McGraw Hill, 2010.
4. L. V. Blake, Antennas, (1e), Wiley, New York, 1966.
5. S. Silver (Ed.), Microwave Antenna Theory and Design, (1e), McGraw-Hill, New York, 1949.
6. R. E. Collin and F. J. Zucker (Eds.), Antenna Theory- Parts 1 and 2, (1e), McGraw-Hill, New York,
1969.
7. R. S. Elliot, Antenna Theory and Design, (1e), Prentice-Hall, New York, 1981.

EC6203: FIBRE OPTICS AND PHOTONICS [4 0 0 4]

Introduction to Fibre Optics & Photonics: Principles of light propagation, Propagation of Light in an Optical
Fiber: Ray Model, Wave Model and its Analysis, Quantum model of optics, Numerical aperture, phase-front
(wavefront) based study of Total Internal Reflection, V number of an Optical fiber. Signal distortion on
optical fibers: Material Dispersion, Intermodal Dispersion, Intermodal Dispersion, Material Attenuation,
Microbending, Macrobending, Analysis of Signal distortion in optical fibers using OTDR, Practical issues in
implementation of fiber link. Optical Sources: Introduction of Optical sources, Light Emitting Diode:
Quantum Efficiency, material, electrical and spectral characteristics, modulation. Lasers: Introduction to
Laser, Spontaneous emission, Absorption, Stimulated emission, Different type of lasers: ruby laser, He -Ni
laser, semiconductor laser. Optical Detectors: Physical properties of photodiodes, Photodetector Noise,
Structures for InGaAs APDs, Temperature effects on avalanche gain. Optical Amplifiers: Basic Applications
and types of optical amplifiers, Semiconductor Optical Amplifier, Raman Amplifier, EDFA Amplifier,
Amplifier Noise, Wideband Optical Amplifiers. Nonlinear Effects: Overview of nonlinearities, Stimulated
Raman Scattering, Stimulated Brillouin Scattering, Self-phase modulation, Cross phase modulation, Four
wave mixing, FWM mitigation, Optical Solitons.

References:
 1. G.P Agrawal, Fiber optics communication, (3e), John Wiley & sons,2002 .
2. G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communication, (4e), Mc Graw Hill, 2017.
3. M.N. Islam (Ed), Raman Amplifiers for communications, Springer-verlag, New York, 2003.
4. J. M. Senior, Optical Fiber Communications, (3e), Prentice Hall of India, 2009.
5. J. C. Palais, Fiber Optic Communications, (5e), Pearson, 2005.
6. R.W. Waynant & M.N. Ediger, Electro-Optics Handbook , (2e), McGraw Hill, 2000.

EC6230: COMMUNICATION LAB-II [0 0 2 1]

Introduction to Computer Simulation Technology (CST-MWS) Studio. Antenna Systems: Design of various
antennas using CST Studio simulator and understand its significance in EM wave propagation, testing of
antenna characteristics using Vector Network Analyser. Design of Low Pass, Band Pass, Band Stop filter
in microstrip using CST Studio simulator. Design of Branch line coupler and its simulation using CS T
Studio.

EC6231 OPTICAL FIBRE COMMUNICATION LAB [0 0 2 1]

Optical Fiber: Study various types of Optical fibers, optical sources and their radiation patterns, understand
use of OTDR for various optical measurements and link analysis, study transmission and reception of
analog and digital signals on an optical fiber link, determine the numerical aperture and attenuation constant
of fibers. Study of Optical Laser Source, Optical Power Meter, Variable Optical Attenuator, Optical
connector certification system, attenuation in optical fibre through, Splice & Connector joints and their
losses, Identification of fault location (distance) in the optical fiber, Measurement of fiber losses of single
mode fiber due to bending, study the operation of optical fusion splicer, wavelength separation properties
of a WDM coupler, study the isolation properties of optical isolators, circulators.

EC6233 MINOR PROJECT [0 0 2 1]

Students are required to undertake innovative and research oriented projects (academics and industry -
based) which not only reflect their knowledge gained in the first and/or second semester, but also reflects
additional knowledge gained from their own effort. Each student has to submit to the department a project
report in prescribed format after completing the work for end-term evaluation. The final evaluation and viva-
voice will be after submission of the report. Each student has to make a presentation on the work carried
out for project evaluation. The end semester evaluation will be done by a monitoring committee constituted
by the head of department.

THIRD & FOURTH SEMESTER

EC7070: DISSERTATION

Students are required to undertake innovative and research oriented projects, which not only reflect their
knowledge gained in the previous two semesters but also reflects additional knowledge gained from their
own effort. The project work can be carried out in the institution/ industry/ research laboratory or any other
competent institutions. The duration of project work should be a minimum of 36 weeks. There will be a mid -
term evaluation of the project work done after about 18 weeks. An interim project report is to be submitted
to the department during the mid-term evaluation. Each student has to submit to the department a project
report in prescribed format after completing the work. The final evaluation and viva-voice will be after
submission of the report. Each student has to make a presentation on the work carried out, before the
departmental committee for project evaluation. The mid-term & end semester evaluation will be done by
the departmental committee including the guides.

PROGRAM ELECTIVE-I
 EC6140: TELECOMMUNICATION NETWORKS [3 0 0 3]

Introduction: History of telecommunications, standardisation, and drivers for telecommunication network

evolution. Transmission: Basic concept of a transmission system, elements of a transmission system, e
carrier systems, synchronous digital hierarchy, transmission equipment in t he network. Switching system
& networks: Time & space division switching, integrated & hybrid switching, architecture & control of
switching systems. Traffic engineering. Network management. Signalling: Introduction to signalling,
subscriber signalling, common-channel signalling, signalling in access networks, ccitt signalling system
no. 7. Computer telephony integration: TCP/IP, multiprotocol label switching (MPLS), virtual privat e
networks (VPNS), voice over IP, broadband ISDN and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM).

References:
1. J. E. Flood, Telecommunication Switching, Traffic and Network s , (1e), Pearson, 2002.
2. Roger L. Freeman, Telecommunication System Engineering, (4e), John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2004.
3. Harry G. Perros, Connection-oriented Networks, (1e),John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2005.
4. Regis J. (Bud) Bates, Broadband Telecommunications Handbook, (2e), Mcgraw Hill, 2002.
5. ITU-T Standards.

EC6141: CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY [3 0 0 3]

Introduction and Security Threats: Threats to security: Viruses and Worms, Intruders, Insiders, Criminal
organizations, Terrorists, Information warfare, Logic bombs, Introduction: Attacks, Services, and
Mechanisms, Security Attacks. Types of attack: Denial of service (DOS), sniffing, spoofing, TCP/IP
Hacking, Phishing attacks. Organizational Security: Password selection, Piggybacking, Shoulder surfing,
Dumpster diving. People as Security Tool: Security awareness, and Individual user responsibilities.
Physical security: Access controls Biometrics: finger prints, hand prints, Retina, Patterns, voice patterns,
signature and writing patterns. Conventional Encryption: Conventional Encryption Model: Introduction to
Symmetric encryption & Asymmetric encryption, Steganography, Simplified DES, Block Cipher
Principles, The Data Encryption Standard (DES), Encryption algorithm /Cipher, Encryption and
Decryption using: Caesar’s cipher, shift cipher, Block Cipher Design Principles. AES and Confidentiality :
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)- Evaluation Criteria for AES, AES Cipher; Contemporary
Symmetric Ciphers- Triple DES, Confidentiality using Symmetric Encryption- Placement of Encryption
Function, Traffic Confidentiality. Public-Key Encryption And Hash Functions: Modular Arithmetic System
(GCD algorithm-Public Key Cryptography and RSA- Principles of Public Key Cryptosystems, RSA
Algorithm. Hash Algorithms- MD5 Message Digest Algorithm; Secure Hash Algorithm. Network Security
Practice: Authentication Applications- Kerberos, Electronic Mail Security- Pretty Good Privacy, S/MIME,
Web Security- Web Security Considerations, Secure Sockets Layer and Transport Layer Security.
System Security: Intruders- Intruder Detection, Malicious Software- Virus and Related Threats ,
Firewalls- Firewall Design Principles.

References:

1. William Stallings, Cryptography and Network Security, (4e). Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2004.
2. William Stallings, Network Security Essentials, (2e), Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2004
3. Charlie Kaufman, Network Security: Private Communication in Public World, (2e), Prentice Hall of
India, New Delhi, 2004.
4. R. L. Boylestad, L. Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, (10e), Pearson, 2009.
5. S. Salivahanan, S. Arivazhagan, Digital circuits and Design, (5e), Oxford University Press, 2018.
6. G. Kennedy, B. Davis, S R M Prasanna, Electronic Communication systems, (6e), Mcgraw Hill,
2017.
7. V. K. Mehta, Rohit Mehta, Principles of Electronics, (10e), S. Chand Publication, 2006.
8. B. L. Thereja, Basic Electronics: Solid state, (5e), S. Chand Publication, 2005

EC6142: BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING [3 0 0 3]

Preliminaries: Biomedical signal origin & dynamics (ECG), Biomedical signal origin & dynamics (EEG, EMG
etc.). Filtering for Removal of artifacts: Statistical Preliminaries, Time domain filtering (Synchronized
Averaging, Moving Average), Time domain filtering (Moving Average Filter to Integration, Derivative-bas e d
operator), Frequency Domain Filtering (Notch Filter), Optimal Filtering: The Weiner Filter. Optimal Filtering:
The Weiner Filter, Adaptive Filtering Selecting Appropriate Filter. Event Detection: Example events (viz. P,
QRS and T wave in ECG), Derivative based Approaches for QRS Detection Pan Tompkins Algorithm for
QRS Detection, Dicrotic Notch Detection Correlation Analysis of EEG Signal . Waveform Analysis:
Illustrations of problem with case studies, Morphological Analysis of ECG, Correlation coefficient, The
Minimum phase correspondent. Signal length, Envelop Extraction, Amplitude demodulation, The
Envelogram, Analysis of activity, Root Mean Square value, Zero-crossing rate, Turns Count, Form factor.
Frequency-domain Analysis: Periodogram, Averaged Periodogram, Blackman-Tukey Spectral Estimator,
Daniell's Spectral Estimator, Measures derived from PSD. Modelling of Biomedical Systems: Motor unit
firing pattern, Cardiac rhythm, Formants and pitch of speech, Point process, Parametric system modelling,
Autoregressive model, Autocorrelation method, Application to random signals, Computation of model
parameters, Levinson-Durbin algorithm, Computation of gain factor, Covariance method, Spectral matching
and parameterization, Model order selection, Relation between AR and Cepstral coefficients. ARMA model,
Sequential estimation of poles and zeros.

References:

1. R M Rangayyan, Biomedical Signal Analysis: A case Based Approach, (1e), IEEE Press, John
Wiley & Sons. Inc, 2002.
2. Willis J. Tompkins, Biomedical Digital Signal Processing, EEE, PHI, 2004.
3. D C Reddy, Biomedical Signal Processing: Principles and Techniques, (1e), McGraw-Hill, 2005.
4. J G Webster, Medical Instrumentation: Application & Design, (4e), John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2009.
5. C Raja Rao, S K Guha, Principles of Medical Electronics and Biomedical Instrumentation, (1e),
Universities Press, 2001.
6. A.V. Oppenheim and R.W. Shafer, Discrete-time Signal Processing, (1e), Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, NJ, 1989.
7. Steven M. Kay, Modern spectral estimation theory and application, (1e), Prentice Hall, Englewood
Cliffs, NJ, 1988.

EC6143: SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATION [3 0 0 3]

Review of digital communication concepts; direct sequence and frequency hop spread spectrum systems;
Hybrid direct sequence/frequency hop spread spectrum; Complex envelop representation of spread
spectrum signals; Sequence generator fundamentals, Maximum length sequences; Gold and Kasami
codes, Nonlinear Code generators; Spread spectrum communication system model, Performance of
spread spectrum signals in jamming environments, Performance of spread spectrum communication
systems with and without forward error correction; Diversity reception in fading channels, Cellular radio
concept, CDMA cellular systems; Examples of CDMA cellular systems; Multicarrier CDMA systems; CDMA
standards.

References:

1. R. L. Peterson, R. E. Zeimer & D. E. Borth, Introduction to Spread Spectrum Communications,

(1e), Pearson, 1995.
2. J. D. Proakis & M. Salehi, Digital Communication, (5e), McGraw Hill, 2008.
3. A.J. Viterbi, CDMA: Principles of Spread Spectrum Communications ,(1e), Addision Wesley, 1995.
4. S. Verdu, Multiuser Detection, (1e), Cambridge University Press, 1998.

EC6144: DETECTION AND ESTIMATION THEORY [3 0 0 3]

Statistical communication theory: Representation of deterministic signals, orthogonal representation of

signals; Dimensionality of signal spaces; Construction of orthogonal basis functions. Review of random
processes: Definition and classification, Fourier transforms of random processes, stationary and non-
stationary processes, correlation functions, Ergodicity, power spectral density, transformations of random
processes by linear systems; special random processes (white Gaussian noise, Wiener-Levy processes,
special random processes, shot-noise processes Markov processes). Optimum filtering: Matched filters for
deterministic signals in white and coloured Gaussian noise, Wiener filters for random signals in white and
coloured Gaussian noise, Discrete and continuous time filters. Detection and estimation: Hypothesis
testing- Bayes, Minimax and Neyman-Pearson criteria, General Gaussian problem, Detection and
estimation in coloured noise, Elements sequential and non-parametric detection, applications to
communications.

References:
1. V. Trees, HL, Detection Estimation and Modulation Theory, (2e), John Wiley, New York, 2013.
2. M. D. Srinath, P. K. Rajasekran & R. Viswanathan, Introduction to Statistical Signal Processing
with Application, (1e), PHI ,1995.
3. Hancock & Wintz, Signal detection theory, (1e), McGraw Hill, 1966.

EC6145: RADAR SYSTEMS [3 0 0 3]

Introduction to Radar: Introduction, block diagram, applications, radar frequencies, different types of radar,
basic pulsed radar system, radar range equation, system losses, Radar clutter, CW and FM Radar, MTI
Radar, Tracking Radar Air traffic control Radars, Airborne Radars, Synthetic Aperture Radar. Radar
Antennas: Introduction, parameters of radar antennas, different types of radar antennas, Radomes. Radar
Transmitter: Introduction, radar RF source. Radar Receiver: Introduction, radar receiver noise. Duplexers:
Introduction types, used in modern radar. Radar Display Units types of scope.

References:

1. M. I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, (3e), McGraw Hill, 2003.

2. P. Z. Peebles Jr., Radar Principles, John Wiley, 2004.
3. E. Byron, Radar: Principles, Technology, Applications, (1e), Prentice- Hall education, 1992.
4. D. Barton, Radar system analyses and Modeling, (2e), Artech House, 2005.
5. M. Antonio, Bistatic radar emerging technology, (1e), John Wiley, 2008.

EC6146: MILLIMETRE WAVE COMMUNICATION [3 0 0 3]

Introduction: A Preview of MmWave Implementation Challenges, Emerging Applications of MmWave

Communications, MmWave Standardization. Millimeter Wave Antennas: Antennas and Array for MmWave
Applications: Fundamentals of On-Chip and In-Package MmWave Antennas, Fundamentals of On-Chip
and In-Package MmWave Antennas, In-Package Antennas, Antenna Topologies for MmWave
Communications, Techniques to Improve Gain of On-Chip Antennas, Adaptive Antenna Arrays —
Implementations for MmWave Communications, Characterization of On-Chip Antenna Performanc e.
Millimeter Wave Transceivers: Millimeter wave link budget, Transceiver architecture, Receiver without local
oscillator, Millimeter wave calibration, Modulation techniques -OOK, PSK, FSK, QAM, OFDM. Advanc ed
Beam Steering and Beam Forming: Need for beam steering and beam forming, Adaptive frame structure-
Advanced beam steering technology, Advanced beam forming technology, Advanced antenna ID
technology.

References:

1. Theodore S. Rappaport, Robert W. Heath Jr., Robert C. Daniels, James N. Murdock, Millimeter
Wave Wireless Communications, (1e), Prentice Hall, 2014.
2. Prakash Bhartia, and Inder Bahl, MmWave Engineering and Applications, Wiley, Interscience.
3. Kao-Cheng Huang, Zhaocheng Wang, Millimeter wave communication systems, (1e), John Wiley
& Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, 2011.
4. Jonathan Wells, Multi-Gigabit Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Wireless Communications, (1e),
Artech House, 2010.
5. Su-Khiong Yong, Pengfei Xia, Alberto Valdes-Garcia, 60GHz Technology for Gbps WLAN and
WPAN: From Theory to Practice, (1e), Wiley 2010.
EC6147: QUANTUM COMPUTING [3 0 0 3]

Why Quantum Computing, Postulates of Quantum Mechanics – I, Postulates of Quantum Mechanics – II,
Qubits and Bloch Sphere, Basic Quantum Gates, Quantum Circuits, Quantum No Cloning Theorem and
Teleportation, Dense coding, Density Matrix-I, Density Matrix – II, Projective measurement, POVM, EPR
and Bell’s Inequalities-I, Bell’s Inequalities – II, Deutsch Algorithm, Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm, Simon
Problem, Grover’s Search Algorithm – I, Grover’s Search Algorithm –II, Grover’s Search Algorithm –III, ,
Grover’s Search Algorithm –IV, Quantum Fourier Transform –I, Quantum Fourier Transform –II, Period
Finding, Method of Continued Fraction, Shor’s Factorization Algorithm, Shor’s Factorization Algorithm,
Quantum Error Correction Codes, Classical Information Theory, , Shannon Entropy –I, Shannon entropy-
II, Von Neumann Entropy-I, Von Neumann Entropy –II, Classical Cryptography, RSA Algorithm, Quantum
Cryptography – BB 84 protocol, B-92 and Eckart protocol, Practical realization of a quantum computer-I,
Practical Realization of Quantum Computer -II.

References:

1. Michael A. Nielsen and Issac L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Information, (1e), Cambridge
University Press, 2007.
2. Mikio Nakahara and Tetsuo Ohmi, Quantum Computing, (1e), CRC Press, 2008.
3. N. David Mermin, Quantum Computer Science, (1e), Cambridge University Press, 2007.

PROGRAM ELECTIVE-II

EC6240: NON-LINEAR FIBER OPTICS [3 0 0 3]

Basic characteristics of an optical fiber: Fiber losses, Chromatic dispersion, Polarization mode dispersion,
Fiber nonlinearities, fiber modes, single-mode fiber.Nonlinear pulse propagation: Derivation of The
Nonlinear-Schrödinger equation (NLSE), variational and numerical methods to solve NLSE. Optical
solitons: Modulation instability, physics of optical soliton formation in optical fiber, bright and dark solitons,
soliton-soliton interactions, effect of higher order perturbations. Highly nonlinear fibers: Fibers with silica
cladding, tapered fibers with air cladding, non-silica fibers, microstructured fibers. Applications: Nonlinear
fiber gratings, slow light, nonlinear fiber coupler, fiber-lasers, pulse compression, super continuum
generation, soliton communication system.

References:

1. G.P.Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, (4e), Academic Press, 2007.

2. G.P.Agrawal, Applications of Nonlinear Fiber Optics, (2e), Academic Press, 2008.
3. R.W.Boyd, Nonlinear Optics,(3e), Academic press, 2007.

EC6241: NETWORK AND INFORMATION SECURITY [3 0 0 3]

Fundamentals of Network: Basics of Computer Networks, OSI and TCP/IP model , IP addressing, Subnet
basics, Packet Switching and Circuit Switching, Routers and Switches fundamentals, Mobile Wireless
Networks (wireless PANs, LANs, ad-hoc Wireless Networks, Wireless Sensor Networks, Cellular Mobile
Wireless Networks). Cryptography and Network Security: Introduction to the Concept of Security,
Cryptographic Techniques, Computer-based Symmetric and Asymmetric Key Cryptographic Algorithms,
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI), Internet Security Protocols, Network Security. Device Level Security:
Physical and Logical Security Concepts, Router and Switch Level Security Configurations – Secure
Routing, Secure LAN Switching. Network Security : Firewalls – Basics, Access Control and Policy based
routing; NAT and Security; VPN; Intrusion Detection Systems and vulnerability anal ysis; IPSec; Wireless
Security: Wireless Network Principles; 802.11 standard; Wireless Router Security Configurations; Wireless
jamming; Security Control; Role based Access Control. Internet and Database Security: IP Security; Web
Security; Security Attacks; Network Misconfiguration; System Security: Intruders; Malicious software;
Database Management Technologies, Design Principles and Security Features. Security in Mobile Ad -hoc
Networks (MANET), Concept of Trust; Modeling and Enforcement of Trust based Security in MANET,
Introduction to Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) Security. Cyber Attacks: Denial of Service, Wireless
Jamming, Misconfigurations; Security Violations, Various Cyber Security Standards.

References:

1. W. Stallings, Network Security Essentials, (2e), Prentice Hall, 2003.

2. Saadat Malik, Network Security Principles and Practices, (1e), Pearson Education. 2002.
3. Todd Lammle. CCNA: Cisco Certified Network Associate Study Guide, (7e), Wiley, 2011.
4. R. Anderson, Security Engineering, (2e), 2008.

EC6242: CODING THEORY [3 0 0 3]

Information and Entropy: Sources of information, DMS and Markov; Properties of Entropy; Entropy of
information sources, Extension of a DMS; Information channels, probability relations in a channel, A Priori,
A Posteriori Entropies, Equivocation, Mutual information, Capacity of BSC, BEC, Noiseless and
deterministic channels. Source coding: Uniquely decodable codes, Instantaneous codes and its
construction, Average length of a code, Bounds for Average Length, Kraft's Inequality, R-ary compact
codes, Code efficiency, Redundancy, Shannon-Fano and Huffman code. Algebra: Groups, rings and fields,
properties of finite fields, Galois field arithmetic and its realization, Vector spaces, Matrices.
Channel Coding: Block codes, Minimum distance of a block code, Singleton bound, Performance of Codes,
Hamming codes, Cyclic codes, Golay Codes BCH codes, R-S codes, Convolutional codes, Viterbi
Algorithm, LDPC Codes.

References:
1. S. Lin and D. J. Costello Jr, Error Control Coding, (2e), Pearson, 2004.
2. T. K. Moon, Error Correction Coding: Mathematical Methods And Algorithms , (1e), Student
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
3. R. M. Roth, Introduction to Coding Theory, (1e), Cambridge University Press, 2006.
4. F. MacWilliams and N. Sloane, The Theory of Error-Correcting Codes, (1e), North-Holland, 1988.
5. S. B. Wicker, Error Control Systems for Digital Communication and Storage, (1e), Prentice-Hall,
1995.
6. Hamming, R. Wesley, Coding and Information Theory, (1e), Prentice Hall International, 1980.

EC6243: WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS [3 0 0 3]

Introduction Wireless sensor networks: Networked wireless sensor devices Applications of wireless sensor
networks, Key design challenges. Network topology, Connectivity in geometric random graphs,
Connectivity using power control, Coverage metrics, Mobile deployment. Localization and Time
synchronization Key issues, Localization approaches, Coarse-grained node localization using minimal
information, Fine-grained node localization using detailed information, Network -wide localization. The SINR
capture model for interference, Traditional MAC protocols, Energy efficiency in MAC protocols,
Asynchronous sleep techniques, Sleep-scheduled techniques, Contention-free protocols. Energy-efficient
routing Constructing topologies for connectivity, Constructing topologies for coverage, Set K-cover
algorithms, Cross-layer issues, Metric-based approaches, Routing with diversity, Multi-path routing,
Lifetime-maximizing energy-aware routing techniques, Geographic routing, Routing to mobile sinks. Data-
centric networking Data-centric routing, Data-gathering with compression, Querying, Data-centric storage
and retrieval. Congestion control Basic mechanisms and tunable parameters, Reliability guarantees ,
Congestion control, Real-time scheduling.

References:

1. Bhaskar Krishnamachari, Network ing Wireless Sensors, (1e), Cambridge University Press, 2014.
2. Kazem Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati, Wireless Sensor Network s: Technology, Protocols,
and Applications, (1e), John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
 3. Feng Zhao, Leonidas J. Guibas, Wireless Sensor Network s-An Information Processing Approach,
(1e), Elsevier, 2007.

EC6244: MULTISPECTRAL SIGNAL ANALYSIS [3 0 0 3]

Hyperspectral Sensors and Applications: Introduction, Multi-spectral Scanning Systems (MSS),

Hyperspectral Systems, Airborne sensors, Spaceborne sensors, Ground Spectroscopy, Software for
Hyperspectral Processing, Applications, Atmosphere and Hydrosphere, Vegetation, Soils and Geology,
Environmental Hazards and Anthropogenic Activity. Mutual Information: A Similarity Measure for Intensity
Based Image Registration, Introduction, Mutual Information Similarity Measure, Joint Histogram
Estimation Methods, Two-Step Joint Histogram Estimation, One-Step Joint Histogram Estimation,
Interpolation Induced Artifacts, Generalized Partial Volume Estimation of Joint Histograms, Optimization
Issues in the Maximization of MI. Independent Component Analysis: Introduction, Concept of ICA, ICA
Algorithms, Preprocessing using PCA, Information Minimization Solution for ICA, ICA Solution through
Non-Gaussianity Maximization, Application of ICA to Hyperspectral Imagery, Feature Extraction Based
Model, Linear Mixture Model Based Model, An ICA algorithm for Hyperspectral Image Processing,
Applications using ICA. Support Vector Machines: Introduction, Statistical Learning Theory, Empirical Risk
Minimization, Structural Risk Minimization, Design of Support Vector Machines, Linearly Separable Case,
Linearly Non-Separable Case, Non-Linear Support Vector Machines, SVMs for Multiclass Classification,
One Against the Rest Classification, Pair wise Classification, Classification based on Decision Directed
Acyclic Graph and Decision Tree Structure, Multiclass Objective Function, optimization Methods ,
Applications using SVM. Markov Random Field Models: Introduction, MRF and Gibbs Distribution,
Random Field and Neighborhood, Cliques, Potential and Gibbs Distributions, MRF Modeling in Remot e
Sensing Applications, Optimization Algorithms, Simulated Annealing, Metropolis Algorithm, Iterated
Conditional Modes Algorithm.

References:

1. S. Svanberg, Multi-spectral Imaging– from Astronomy to Microscopy – from Radio waves to

Gamma rays, (1e), Springer Verlag, 2009.
2. Pramod K. Varshney, Manoj K. Arora, Advanced Image Processing Techniques for Remotely
Sensed Hyperspectral Data, (1e), Springer, 2004.

EC6245: IoT AND APPLICATIONS [3 0 0 3]

IoT & Web Technology, Vision, Strategic Research and Innovation Directions, Future Internet
Technologies, Infrastructure, Networks and Communication, Processes, Data Management, Security,
Privacy & Trust, Device Level Energy Issues, IoT Related Standardization. M2M Value Chains, IoT Value
Chains, Industrial structure for IoT, Global information monopolies. M2M to IoT design principles and
needed capabilities, An IoT architecture outline, standards c onsiderations. Architecture Reference Model -
Introduction, Reference Model, Building IoT Applications using Raspberry Pi. IoT Protocols: HTTP, CoAP,
MQTT, AMQP, 6LoWPAN, IoT Cloud Infrastructure, Performance and Security in IoT. Applications for
industry: Future Factory Concepts, Brownfield IoT, Smart Objects, Smart Applications, Value Creation
from Big Data and Serialization, IoT for Retailing Industry, IoT for Oil and Gas Industry, Opinions on IoT
Application and Value for Industry, Home Management, eHealth.

References:

1. Vijay Madisetti and Arshdeep Bahga, Internet of Things (A Hands-on-Approach), (1e), VPT, 2014.
2. Francis daCosta, Rethink ing the Internet of Things: A Scalable Approach to Connecting Everything,
(1e), Apress Publications, 2013.
3. Cuno Pfister, Getting Started with the Internet of Things, (1e), O‟Reilly Media, 2011.

EC6246: QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY [3 0 0 3]

Introduction of basic cryptography and applied cryptography, quantum computing models, quantum
algorithms, quantum tree search, quantum wavelets, quantum information theory, quantum cryptography,
breaking RSA system, quantum teleportation, circuit design, quantum error correction. Finite Dimensional
Hilbert Spaces – Tensor Products and operators on Hilbert space –Hermitian and trace operators- basic
quantum mechanics necessary for the course. Quantum gates and operators and measurement: quantum
computational model –quantum complexity – schemes for physical realization (only peripheral treatment
expected). Shor's Algorithm – application to integer factorization – Grover's Algorithm – quantum
cryptography: encryption and decryption schemes.

References:

1. Christian Kollmitzer, Mario Pivk, Applied Quantum Cryptography, Springer Science & Business
Media, 28-Feb-2010.
2. Gilles van Assche, Quantum Cryptography and Secret-Key Distillation, Cambridge University Press,
29-Jun-2006.

PROGRAM ELECTIVE-III

EC6247: OPTICAL NETWORKS [3 0 0 3]

Optical System Components: Light propagation in optical fibers – Loss & bandwidth, System limitations,
Non-Linear effects; Solitons; Optical Network Components – Couplers, Isolators & Circulators, Multiplexers
& Filters, Optical Amplifiers, Switches, Wavelength Converters. Optical Networking: Introduction: circuit
switching and packet switching, optical layer, network evolution. Optical networking components/building
blocks: Optical fibers, Optical transmitter, receiver and filters, multiplexers, switching elements, wavelengt h
converter, and optical amplifiers. Client layers of the optical layer, WDM network elements. Optical
switching: Packet switching, burst switching, MEMs based switching, switching with SOAs. Optical Metro
Network: SONET/SDH, Fault management in SONET/SDH. Optical Access Network: Access networks,
wireless optical broadband optical access networks, Photonic packet switching. Deployment
considerations. Overview of PON technologies, Different standards of Optical Networks, Ethernet access
network, WDM-PON. Control and management, network survivability, protection schemes, Reliability,
Scalability and Flexibility of optical networks.

References:

1. C. Sivaramamurthy & M. Gurusamy, WDM Optical Network s: Concepts, Design, and Algorithms,
Prentice Hall, 2002.
2. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan, Optical Network s : A Practical Perspective, (2e),
3. Harcourt Asia Pte Ltd., 2004.
4. John M. senior, Optical fiber communication: Principles and Practice, (3e) Pearson, 2009.
5. G.E. Keiser, Optical fiber communication, (5e), McGraw Hill, 2017.
6. P.E. Green, Jr., Fiber Optic Network s, (1e), Prentice Hall, NJ, 1993.
7. Biswanath Mukherjee, Optical WDM Network s, (1e), Springer, 2006.

EC6248: COGNITIVE RADIO [3 0 0 3]

Introduction to Software Defined Radio: Definitions and potential benefits, software radio architecture
evolution, technology trade-offs and architecture implications. SDR Architecture: Essential functions of the
software radio, basic SDR, hardware architecture, Computational processing resources, software
architecture, top level component interfaces, interface topologies among plug and play modules.

Introduction to Cognitive Radios: Marking radio self-aware, cognitive techniques – position awareness ,
environment awareness in cognitive radios, optimization of radio resources, Artificial Intelligenc e
Techniques. Cognitive Radio Architecture: Cognitive Radio – functions, components and design rules,
Cognition cycle – orient, plan, decide and act phases, Inference Hierarchy, Architecture maps, Building the
Cognitive Radio Architecture on Software defined Radio Architecture. Next Generation Wireless Networks:
The XG Network architecture, spectrum sensing, spectrum management, spectrum mobility, spectrum
sharing, upper layer issues, cross – layer design.

References:
 1. Joseph Mitola III, Software Radio Architecture: Object-Oriented Approaches to Wireless System
Engineering, (1e), John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 2000.
2. Thomas W.Rondeau, Charles W. Bostain, Artificial Intelligence in Wireless communication, (1e),
Artech House, 2009.
3. Bruce A. Fette, Cognitive Radio Technology, (2e), Elsevier, 2009.
4. Ian F. Akyildiz, Won – Yeol Lee, Mehmet C. Vuran, Shantidev Mohanty, Next generation /
dynamic spectrum access / cognitive radio wireless network s: A Survey, Elsevier Computer
Networks, May 2006.
5. Simon Haykin, Cognitive Radio: Brain –Empowered Wireless Communications, IEEE Journal on
selected areas in communications, Feb 2005.
6. Hasari Celebi, Huseyin Arslan, Enabling Location and Environment Awareness in Cognitive
Radios, Elsevier Computer Communications , Jan 2008.
7. Markus Dillinger, Kambiz Madani, Nancy Alonistioti, Software Defined Radio, (1e), John Wiley,
2001.
8. Huseyin Arslan, Cognitive Radio, SDR and Adaptive System, (1e), Springer, 2007.
9. Alexander M. Wyglinski, Maziarnekovee, Y. Thomas Hu, Cognitive Radio Communication and
Network s, (1e), Elsevier, 2012.

EC6249: HIGH-PERFORMANCE NETWORKS [3 0 0 3]

Introduction to high speed networks, High speed LANs, Gigabit Ethernet, ISDN, FDDI, Frame relay,
operations and layers. Introduction to SONET, SONET/SDH Layers, SONET Frame Structure. Introduction
to ATM, Cell format and Switching Principles, Protocol Architecture. TCP/IP protocol Suite, TCP/IP packet
header, User services, Protocol Operation, Connection Establishment, UDP, Congestion control in Data
Networks and Internets, Effects of Congestion, Congestion Control in Packet Switched Networks. Frame
relay Congestion Control, Traffic rate, Management, Congestion Avoidance. ATM Traffic and Congestion
Control, Attributes, Traffic Management Framework, ABR Traffic Management. TCP Traffic Control, Flow
Control, TCP Congestion Control, Timer Management, Window Management. Introduction to Quality of
Service: Integrated Services, Differentiated Services, Protocols for QoS support, Multiprotocol Label
Switching (MPLS), Real Time Transport Protocol (RTP), Introduction to Optical networks: Wavelengt h
division multiplexing (WDM), Introduction to broadcast-and-select networks, Switch architectures, channel
accessing, Wavelength routed networks, Switch architectures, Routing and wavelength assignment, virtual
topology design, IP over SONET over ATM over WDM, IP over ATM over WDM, IP over WDM.

References

1. William Stallings, High-Speed Network s and Internets, (2e), Pearson Education, 2002.
2. Behrouz A. Forouzan, Data Communications and Network ing, (2e), Tata McGraw-Hill, 2000.
3. Fred Halsall, Multimedia Communications: Applications, Protocols, and Standards, (1e), Pearson
Education Asia, 2001.
4. Rajiv Ramaswami and Kumar N. Sivarajan, Optical Network s: A Practical Perspective, (2e),
Morgan Kaufmann (Elsevier Indian Edition), 2004.
5. C. Siva Ram Murthy and Mohan Gurusamy, WDM Optical Network s: Concepts, Design and
Algorithms, (1e), PHI, 2002.
6. Laon-Garcia and Widjaja, Communication Network s: Fundamental Concepts and k ey
Architectures, (2e), Tata McGraw Hill, 2000.
7. Jean Walrand & Pravin Varaiya, High Performance Communication Network s, (2e), Morgan
Kaufmann, 2009.

EC6250: SATELLITE COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS [3 0 0 3]

Satellite Communications: The Origin of satellite communications, brief history of satellite communications,
advantages and disadvantages, current status of satellite communication, active and passive satellites.
Satellite Subsystems: Introduction, satellite subsystems, altitude and orbit control system, telemetry,
tracking and command, communication subsystem, communication subsystem components. Earth Station
Technology: Introduction, earth station design requirements, earth station antenna design, earth station
sub-system, tracking monitoring and control. Satellite Applications: Introduction, satellite for earth
observation, satellite for weather forecast, satellite for scientific studies, satellite for military applications,
direct broadcast satellite system, very small aperture terminal, global positioning system. Earth Station
Technology: Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking Systems, Terrestrial Interface, Power Test
Methods, Lower Orbit Considerations. Satellite Navigation and Global Positioning Systems: Radio and
Satellite Navigation.

References:

1. T. Pratt, Satellite communication systems, (2e), John Wiley and Sons, 2008.
2. D. Roddy, Satellite communications, (2e), McGraw-Hill international edition,1995.
3. Wilbur, L. Pritchand, Robert A. Nelson and Heuri G. Suyderhoud, Satellite Communications
Engineering, (2e), Pearson Publication,1993.
4. M. Richcharia, Satellite Communications: Design Principles, (2e), BSP, 2003.

EC6251: MIMO SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS [3 0 0 3]

Introduction of MIMO wireless communication, MIMO channel and signal model, A fundamental trade-off
of MIMO transceiver design, MIMO in wireless networks, MIMO in wireless standards. MIMO system for
5G wireless communication. Performance Limits of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Wire Less
Communication Systems: MIMO System Model, Capacity in AWGN, Channel Side Information at Receiver,
Channel Side Information at Transmitter and Receiver, Capacity of Frequency -Selective Fading MIMO
System Capacity Derivation, Capacity of MIMO Systems with Random Channel Coefficients Channels ,
Capacity of MIMO Systems with Static, Capacity of MIMO Systems with Fading Channels.

References:

1. George Tsoulos, MIMO System Technology for Wireless Communications,(1e), CRC Taylor and
Francis, 2006.
2. Brijesh Kumbhani, Rakhesh Singh Kshetrimayum, MIMO Wireless Communications over
Generalized Fading Channels, (1e), CRC Taylor and Francis, 2017.
3. Shahid Mumtaz, Jonathan Rodriguez, Linglong Dai, mmWave Massive MIMO: A Paradigm for 5G,
(1e), Elsevier, 2016

EC6252: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE [3 0 0 3]

Introduction: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, Foundations and History of Artificial Intelligence,

Applications of Artificial Intelligence, Intelligent Agents, Structure of Intelligent Agents. Computer vision,
Natural Language Possessing. Searching: Searching for solutions, Uniformed search strategies, Informed
search strategies, Local search algorithms and optimistic problems, Adversarial Search, Search for
games, Alpha - Beta pruning. Knowledge Representation & Reasoning: Propositional logic, Theory of
first order logic, Inference in First order logic, Forward & Backward chaining, Resolution, Probabilistic
reasoning, Utility theory, Hidden Markov Models (HMM), Bayesian Networks. Machine Learning:
Supervised and unsupervised learning, Decision trees, Statistical learning models, Learning with
complete data - Naive Bayes models, Learning with hidden data - EM algorithm, Reinforcement learning.
Pattern Recognition: Introduction, Design principles of pattern recognition system, Statistical Pattern
recognition, Parameter estimation methods - Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Linear
Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Classification Techniques – Nearest Neighbour (NN) Rule, Bayes Classifier,
Support Vector Machine (SVM), K – means clustering. Application & Case Studies: Application of Artificial
intelligence in Communications, Machine learning techniques to signal processing, Case studies to
demonstrate use of AI techniques to solve problem of decision making, resource optimisation and network
management.

References:
1. Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig, Artificial Intelligence – A Modern Approach, (3e), Pearson Education,
2019.
 2. Elaine Rich and Kevin Knight, Artificial Intelligence, (3e), McGraw-Hill, 2017.
3. E Charniak and D McDermott, Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, (1e), Pearson Education, 1985.
4. Dan W. Patterson, Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems, (1e), Prentice Hall of India, 2015
5. IEEE Magazines and Journals.
6. ACM Magazines and Journals.

EC6253: FUZZY SYSTEMS [3 0 0 3]

Introduction: Basic Types, Basic Concepts, Representations of Fuzzy Sets, Extension Principle for Fuzzy
Sets, Types of Operations. Fuzzy Complements, Fuzzy Intersections: t- Norms. Fuzzy Unions: t-Conorms ,
Combinations of Operations. Aggregation Operations. Arithmetic: Fuzzy Numbers, Linguistic Variables,
Arithmetic Operations on Intervals, Arithmetic Operations on Fuzzy Numbers, Fuzzy Equations. Crisp
versus Fuzzy Relations, Projections and Cylindric Extensions, Binary Fuzzy Relations, Binary Relations
on a Single Set. Fuzzy Equivalence Relations, Fuzzy Compatibility Relations. Fuzzy Ordering Relations,
Fuzzy Morphisms, Sup-i Compositions of Fuzzy Relations. InfCompositions of Fuzzy Relations. Fuzzy
Measures, Fuzzy Sets and Possibility Theory, Classical Logic: An Overview. Mul tivalued Logics. Fuzzy
Propositions. Fuzzy Quantifiers. Linguistic Hedges. Inference from Conditional Fuzzy Propositions.
Inference from Conditional and Qualified Propositions. Inference from Quantified Propositions,
Information and Uncertainty, Nonspecificity of Fuzzy Sets. Fuzziness of Fuzzy Sets. Principles of
Uncertainty. Fuzzy Expert Systems: An Overview. Fuzzy Implications. Selection of Fuzzy Implications.
Multiconditional Approximate Reasoning. The Role of Fuzzy Relation Equations, Fuzzy Controllers :
Overview, Fuzzy Neural Networks. Fuzzy Automata. Fuzzy Dynamic Systems. Fuzzy Databases. Fuzzy
Information Retrieval, Individual Decision Making, Multiperson Decision Making, Multicriteria Decision
Making, Multistage Decision Making, Fuzzy Systems and Genetic Algorithms.

References:
1. George J. Klir, Bo Yuan, Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic, (1e), PHI, 1995.
2. Witold Pedrvcz and Femando Gomide. An Introduction to Fuzzy Sets, (1e), PHI,1998.

EC6254: QUANTUM COMMUNICATION [3 0 0 3]

The State of the Art in Quantum Communications: Quantum mechanics as a generalized probability theory,
contextuality, indeterminism and contextuality, contextuality and hidden variables, non-locality and
contextuality, Bell states, violation of the Leggett–Garg inequality, violation of the Bell inequality, EPR
paradox. Concepts in Communications: Quantum limits, qubits, qudit and qutrit, qudit, qutrit, Pauli matrices
definition and properties of these matrices, decoherence, entanglement. Quantum Signal Processing:
Wigner distribution, quantum Fourier transform, Gauss sums in a quantum context, geometry for quantum
processing. Quantum Circuits: Reversible logic, physical reversibility, reversible circuits, reversible
calculation models , reversibility in quantum calculation, quantum gates, Hadamard gate, Pauli-X gate,
Pauli-Y gate, Pauli-Z gate, swap gate, Toffoli gate, deutsch gate, quantum dots, QCA.

References:

1. Gianfranco Cariolaro, Quantum Communication, (1e), Springer International Publishing Switzerland

2015.
2. Malek Benslama, Achour Benslama, Skander Aris, Quantum Communications in New
Telecommunications Systems,(1e), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., USA 2017.

OPEN ELECTIVES
EC6080: MODERN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS [3 0 0 3]

Modern Microwaves Engineering: Effect of Microwaves on human body, Medical and Civil applications of
microwaves, Electromagnetic interference/Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMI / EMC), Monolithic
Microwave IC fabrication, RF MEMS for microwave components, Microwave Imaging. Wireless
Communication: Introduction to wireless channel, channel models, noise and interference. System
capacity and outage, Diversity and Space-Time coding, Wireless Networks and Resource Management ,
Multiple Access Techniques / Modulation, Wireless Wide Area Network, Wireless WAN & CDMA
Evolution, Wireless Local Area Networks, Wireless Personal Area Networks, Point -to-point
communication: detection, diversity and channel uncertainty. Cellular systems: multiple access and
interference management. Introduction to universal spacetime codes. Satellite Communication:
Introduction to satellite communication, advantages and disadvantages of satellite communication, Active
and passive satellites, current status of satellite communication. Satel lite subsystems-Power supply
subsystem, Altitude and orbit control system, Telemetry, Tracking and Command, Communication
Subsystem Components, Earth station, Satellite applications. Optical Communication: Introduction to
Optical fibre communications Historical perspective, Block diagram of Lightwave systems , Optical fibre
fundamentals Geometrical-optics description, Dispersion and attenuation in fibres, Optical transmitters
and receivers Fundamental of Laser Diodes, Light Emitting Diodes, and Photo Diodes

References:

1. T. Pratt, Satellite communication systems,(2e), John Wiley and Sons, 2006.

2. G. Keiser, Optical Fibre Communications, (3e), McGraw Hill, 2000.
3. G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communications Systems, (3e), John Wiley & Sons, Inc 2002.
4. D. M. Pozar, Microwave Engineering, (4e), Wiley India, 2011
5. R.E.Collin, Foundations for Microwave Engineering, (2e), John wiley & sons, 2007.
6. S. Ramo, J.R.Whinnery and T.V.Duzer, Fields and Waves in Communication Electronics, (3e), Wiley
India, 1994.
7. C. Y. Lee and William, Mobile Cellular Telecommunications, (2e), McGraw Hill. 2001
8. M. Schwartz, Mobile Wireless Communication,(1e), Cambridge Univ. Press, UK, 2005.

____________

*Please note the open electives mentioned refer to the courses offered by the Department of Electronics &
Communication Engineering for students of other engineering streams/ courses.