CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Background

Literature is one of the forms of art, usually categorised as

beautiful writing. Literature has two main divisions; fiction and

nonfiction. Fiction is a type of literature that describes imaginary

people and events, not real ones, while nonfiction includes books,

articles or texts about real facts, people and events (Oxford

Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, 2000: 469,862). A good literary

work must educate and entertain. Through reading many literary

works, people can get unlimited knowledge about life. This is

called education. It is said that a literary work could entertain if it

can bring such pleasure and enjoyment for the reader.

To analyze a literary work is to identify the separate parts that

make it up, to determine the relationship among the parts, and to

discover the relation of the parts to the whole (Kenney, 1966:5).

Character is one important aspect because it carries the author’s

message that can bring various values in human life such as

morality, education, and many others.

A prose (short story) is the most typical form of written

language, applying ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow

of speech rather than rhythmic structure (as in traditional poetry).

The intrinsic elements of prose consist of character and

characterization, setting, plot, conflict, point of view,

atmosphere/mood, tone, theme, symbol and the extrinsic elements

consist of literature and biography, literature and phychology,

literature and society, literature and thought (Holman C. Hugh,

William Harmon 1986:83).

Conflict is a struggle between two or more forces that creates a

tension that must be resolved (although in some stories, as in real

life, it isn't). Conflict is important to literature because it provides

the basic materials for the construction of the plot. Without

conflict, nothing would happen. In addition, the conflict within a

piece may be central to the author's view of life or the point he or

she is trying to make.

The conflict with which fiction concerns itself is of many

kinds. A story may deal with a conflict within a single man, a

conflict between a man, a conflict between a man and society,

between man and nature, and so on. Conflict refers to a person

which deals with life situation. It is only situation that offers a

conflict (Kenney 1966:19).

 In this study, the discussion of conflict will be more deeply

about the conflict in the movie with the reference movie “3 Idiots”

by Rajkumar Hirani (2009). The story of this movie is fascinating

which could build up the emotion of the spectator. This movie

follows the friendship of three students at an Indian engineering

college and is a satire about the social pressures under an Indian

education system.

By analyzing this movie, the writers will get or find out the

conflicts of the main characters in “3 Idiots” to understand deeply

about the conflict of the main characters, so during this analysis the

writers’ attention will be focused on the conflicts. The writers also

want to make the viewers more understand and know about the

conflicts of the main characters in the movie because the conflicts

are difficult to understand by the viewers. In addition, the conflicts

always happen in our life against with us.

The writers do the research to help the writers and other people

to understand about this short story and also to make it clear when

the main character faced each conflict in the movie. So, from this

analysis, the writers will expose all the conflicts that happened in

the movie because if the writers wanted to find the truth from the

conflicts in a move, the writers should do this research.

B. Scope of problem

The writers would like to analyze the conflict of the main

characters in “3 Idiots” and based on the background above; there

are two problems in this study; they are :

1. How are the main characters internal and external conflicts

portrayed in “3 Idiots” movie?

2. How do the main characters overcome their conflicts?

C. Purpose

The basic purposes of the writers in analyzing “3 Idiots” are :

1. To describe the main characters internal and external conflicts

portrayed in “3 Idiots” movie.

2. To find out how the conflicts solved in the movie.

D. Advantages / Implications

When the writers do this research, the writers hope this paper

can help and give a good description for other people who read this

paper as follows :

1. For The Researchers

When the writers analyze this topic, the writers will find all

kinds of the conflict or problems that happened in the movie so the

writers must find out the solution to solve each conflict faced by

the main characters.

2. For The Readers

Every student who has read this paper will get more

information about how to analyze each conflict that happened in

the movie because this analysis will help them when they try to

analyze literature. So the writers hope this analysis can help juniors

in Widya Dharma, especially from Academy of Foreign Language

who analyze literature.

3. For Public

The reader of this paper will get more information about each

conflict that happened in the movie especially the conflict faced by

the main characters. It also can help the reader to know when and

how each conflict happened to the main characters.

E. Definition of Term / Terminology

To avoid misunderstanding from this research, the writers

include some definitions of terms below:

1. Analysis

According to the Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy

(RobertAudi,1999)“the process of breaking up a concept,

proposition, linguistic complex, or fact into its simple or ultimate

constituents.”

2. Character

Moon(1992:10) said that character is the main idea in

traditional approaches to narrative, especially novels, plays, and

films. It is also a simple way to describe fictional character just like

they existed and to forget that the problem is frequently the sorts of

character narrated and the course of characterization.

3. Major Character

Major character is the main character in the story. (Abrahams,

M.H. 1971).
4. Setting

The setting of a piece of literature is the time and place in

which the story takes place. The definition of setting can also include

social statuses, weather, historical period, and details about

immediate surroundings. Settings can be real or fictional, or a

combination of both real and fictional elements.

5. Movie

Movie, also known as film, motion picture, moving picture, or

photoplay, is a series of still images that, when shown on a screen,

create the illusion of moving images. This optical illusion causes the

audience to perceive continuous motion between separate objects

viewed in rapid succession.

6. Theme

Theme is described as a main idea or an essential meaning of a

literary work that may be stated directly or indirectly.

7. Conflict

In literature, conflict is the main issue and builds the story

move. According to Perrine (1993: 42) “a conflict occurs between

main character and other character and environment, nature, society,

and between a character and him or herself which can be in form

physical, mental, emotional, or moral physical”.

 CHAPTER II

RELATED LITERATURE

Literature in its comprehensive is any single body written creations. It

is writing reflect as an art form or any single writing regarded to have artistic

or intellectual value, often due to spreading language in ways that diverge

from usual usage. Literature is used to depicts anything from imaginary

writing to more technical or scientific creations, but the designation is most

generally used to refer to creation of the creative imagination, containing

works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction. Literature also named as

imaginative or creative writing, which is looked at for its artistic value.

Intrinsic elements of drama composed of themes and mandate, plot,

characters, setting, point of view, as well as the author of the used to deliver

the ideas. The theories of the literature will help writers to scope the conflict

matter in the movie. By using the theories, writers can organize the matter

formulation effortlessly. There are some theories used to organize the study.
A. The Intrinsic Element of Drama

1. Character

A story must contain a certain significant characteristics or

elements. Without these elements any piece of literature would its

purpose. Character can be illustrated as any person, animal or figure

represented in a literary work. Abrams (1981: 20) stated that “

character is one of the substantial motive strength in the world. So,

character is people who are appeared in art work and interpreted by

the readers as a person who has moral quality and certain tendency

such as being expressed in what they say and they do”. For example,

stories must contain a plot or events that take place. Another

significant story element is the character. A character can be any

person, a figure, an inanimate object, or animal.

a. Protagonist

The protagonist is the character who is central to the story. Though

often the good guy, the protagonist can also be the bad guy (or the

anti-hero) in the story. He or she encounters conflict that must be

resolved. The protagonist may not always be adorable. Nevertheless

he/she must command complicity in the part of the reader.

b. Antagonist

Antagonist is the opposite of protagonist. The antagonist, often

termed as the villain of the story, is the character whom the

protagonist must encounter and oppose for victory. The antagonist,

however, may not only be a person; it could be a situation that is

causing detention in the way of the protagonist towards her/his final

goal.

c. Major Character

Major character is the main character and resolution of the conflict in

the story. The plot and resolution of the conflict rotate around the

character.

d. Minor Character

Minor character is the character that plays a little scene in the story or

serves to complement the major character and help move the plot

flows forward.

e. Flat / Static Character

According to Karen (2001), flat character is the opposite of a round

character. A flat character is the opposite of a round character. This

literary personality is notable for one kind of personality trait or

characteristic. Then, a static character is a person who does not change

overtime, his or her personality does not change or forever.

f. Round / Dynamic Character Commented [A1]: Source of citation?

A rounded character is anyone who has a complex personality; he

or she is often portrayed as a conflicted and contradictory person.

Then, a dynamic character is someone who transforms overtime,

usually as a result of resolving a main conflict or encounter a major

crisis. Most dynamic characters lean to be central rather than

peripheral characters, because resolving the conflict is the major role

of the main characters.

g. Characterization Commented [A2]: Source of citation?

Characterization is one of the method that the writers use to decide

a character from its appearance and personality so that it is able to

follow the flow of the story so that it seems real and natural such as

action, dialogue, and motivation. Characterization show how the

writer expresses what a character is like and how the character

changes through the story.

1) Direct : writers state directly what the characters are like.

2) Indirect : writers shows what the characters are like by

reflecting what the characters looked like, by stating the

characters’ speak and does, and by what other characters speak

about and do in response to the characters.

2. Plot

Plot is a literary term defined as the incidents that build up the

story, typically as they base to one another in a format, in a sequence,

thru cause and effect, how the audience reviews the story or merely by

coincidence. One is generally interested in how good this format of

incidents. Completes several artistic and emotional effect. Klarer

(1998:15) suggests that plot is the logical interaction of the various

thematic elements of a text which leads to a change of the original

situation as presented at the outset of the narrative. Meanwhile, plot is

also defined struggle between two persons, the two groups of people,

or two ideas in a person’s mind, (Junaedi 2006:9). Thus, plot in a

drama is required since it will determine whether the drama is catching

or not although its sequential level, conflict, and narrative style.

Nevertheless, plot can be also confusing if sequential level is not

obvious whether the story is flash forward or flashback, has random

ideas, or has too much vague flash back. There arm some part of plot.

1) Introduction / Exposition

The exposition is the part of a story where the basic characters

and plot elements such as a setting are expressed. It introduces

important background information to the audience. For instance,

information about the setting, events happening before the main

plot. In most cases the major conflict of the story, novel or script is

also hinted at in the introduction, though smaller conflicts in the

plot may be introduced later on.

2) Inciting Incident

Inciting incident is case that hands over rise to the conflict

(opening situation

3) Development

Development is incident that happen as result of main conflict.

 4) Climax

The climax is the turning point of a story. It is the time where

it looks like the main character is in danger or could even possible

fail at handling the conflict. The climax is the crucial point in the

story when the protagonist deals with the top of the events.

5) Resolution

The resolution tells us what occurs to the characters after

the conflict is resolved. This is the part when the conflict ends.

6) Denouement

Denouement is the finale of a story, in which everything is

explained or the end result of a situation when the characters return

to their life before the new conflict starts.

B. Movie

The first history of the movie began in 1890’s, with the invention of

the first motion and pictures camera. In 1890’2 , the movies were under a

minute long and in 1927, motions pictures were produced without sound

and the first series of the short movies made by Dickson. A movie is

something we can see in the screen television, it has pictures, sounds and

more information to entertain people when they feel bored or have a free

time with their family. A movie is created by photographing and it can be

short or long stories and movie also can be defined into a recording of

moving images that tells a story. Some of the story in the movies are

according to the imagination of the author in the movie or it can be

according to the real story that happened in someone life.

Rob Pope in his book “The English Studies Book : An Introduction to

literature , language and culture’ that movie is the name for particular

MEDIA products (i.e individual films) as well as the material from which

they are made (i.e film). Films are usually further distinguished according

to a variety of criteria :

1. Director and/or main actor, e.g., Eisenstein’s Battleship Potemkin,

Chaplin’s Modern Times, Ridley Scott’s and or Harrison Ford’s Blade

Runner.

2. Technology, e.g., Celluloid or Plastic Film; 8mm, 16mm , or 36mm

film width; silent movies, ‘talkies’, fully synchronised soundtrack,

computer assisted effects, etc.

3. Country and period., e.g., Hollywood 1940s, French 1960s,

contemporary Chinese.

4. Genre, e.g., cowbow, disaster, B movie, film noir, teen, spoof, art,

science fantasy, road, ‘feel good’, etc.

C. 3 Idiots

3 Idiots is a 2009 Indian coming-of-age comedy-drama film co-

written (with Abhijat Joshi) and directed by Rajkumar Hirani. Starring

Aamir Khan, R. Madhavan, Sharman Joshi, Kareena Kapoor, Boman Irani

and Omi Vaidya, the film follows the friendship of three students at an

Indian engineering college and is a satire about the social pressures under

an Indian education system. The film is narrated through parallel dramas,

one in the present and the other ten years in the past. It also incorporated

real Indian inventions, namely those created by Remya Jose, Mohammad

Idris, Jahangir Painterand Sonam Wangchuk.

Produced by Vidhu Vinod Chopra under the banner Vinod Chopra

Films, 3 Idiots received widespread critical and commercial success upon

its release on December 25, 2009. The film was the highest-grossing film

in its opening weekend in India, had the highest opening day collections

for an Indian film up until that point and also held the record for the

highest net collections in the first week for a Bollywood film. It also

became one of the few Indian films at the time to become successful in

East Asian markets such as China and Japan, eventually bringing its

worldwide gross to 392 crores ($90 million) it was the highest-grossing

Indian film ever at the time. The film also had a social impact on attitudes

to education in India.
 The film won six Filmfare Awards including Best Film and three

National Film Awards including Best Popular Film. Overseas, it won the

Grand Prize at Japan's Videoyasan Awards while was nominated for Best

Outstanding Foreign Language Film at the Japan Academy Awards and

Best Foreign Film at China's Beijing International Film Festival. This film

was remade in Tamil as Nanban (2012), which also received critical praise

and commercial success. Nanban had a Telugu dubbed version titled

Snehitudu. A Mexican remake, 3 Idiotas, was also released in 2017.

Farhan Qureshi (R. Madhavan) and Raju Rastogi (Sharman Joshi)

begin their college year in the prestigious Imperial College of Engineering

(ICE) in Delhi. They are joined by Ranchoddas Chanchad (Aamir Khan),

nicknamed "Rancho", as their roommate. While Farhan chose to pursue

engineering over his passion for photography to appease his father, Raju

has taken the course in an attempt to end his family's poverty. Rancho, on

the other hand, is genuinely interested in science and engineering. He

believes in hands on learning and tends to give unorthodox answers in

class, resulting in him coming into conflict with the professors, particularly

the institution's director, Viru Sahastrabuddhe (Boman Irani), whom the

ICE community nicknames "Virus". Virus's traditional and strict

philosophies on education contrast sharply with Rancho's carefree love of

learning. Meanwhile, Chatur (Omi Vaidya), nicknamed “Silencer", is an

arrogant Ugandan Tamil student with little knowledge of Hindi, who is

obsessed with topping the exams.

 Sometime later, the trio find that a student named Joy Lobo (Ali

Fazal) committed suicide by hanging himself; his suicide was caused by

depression after Virus informs Joy's father that he'll be unable to graduate

due to the delay in his submission of an assignment. Joy had actually taken

longer as he wanted to perfect his breakthrough drone design of a quad-

copter. Rancho criticizes Virus' method of teaching and tries to show him

how much pressure engineers face when they study, angering him further.

Rancho visits his friends' families and later the trio then gatecrash a

wedding to eat good food. They meet and befriend Pia (Kareena Kapoor),

who turns out to be Virus' daughter and a residency student at the city's

hospital. When Virus spots the trio, he summons Farhan and Raju on the

next working day and threatens them of consequences of being friends

with Rancho by comparing their family's income. He tells them that

Rancho comes from a very rich family and does not need to worry about

getting good grades and making a career. Affected, Raju moves out to

Chatur's room. During the Teachers Day celebration, Chatur is humiliated

when he delivers a Hindi speech modified by Rancho and as a result, he

bets Rancho that ten years later they would see who is more successful.

Sometime later, Rancho saves Raju's dying father with the help of Pia.

Raju reconciles with his friends while Pia falls in love with Rancho.
 One night during their senior year, the three friends drunkenly

break into the Sahastrabuddhe residence so that Rancho can propose to

Pia. As the trio escape, Virus recognizes Raju and threatens to expel him

unless he writes a letter implicating Rancho for the break-in. Unwilling to

betray Rancho or disappoint his family, Raju unsuccessfully attempts

suicide and ends up in a coma. With intensive care and support from his

friends, Raju recovers just in time for a corporate job interview.

Meanwhile, Rancho and Pia post Farhan's letter to his favourite

photographer Andre Istvan, who offers him a position as assistant. After

advice from Rancho, he communicates his dream to his father, who though

reluctant at first, gives his blessings for the sake of his son's happiness.

Raju also succeeds in getting the corporate job.

Infuriated by Rancho's influence, Virus sets a difficult final exam

to fail Raju to which Pia tries to help the trio by revealing to them the

location of the exam paper; unfortunately, Virus finds out and expels them.

Pia confronts Virus about her brother who also committed suicide because

he couldn't meet Virus' expectation of clearing the engineering exam. That

same night, Virus' pregnant elder daughter Mona goes into labour during a

heavy storm that cuts off all traffic and electricity. Rancho and the other

students use their engineering knowledge to make a medical machine on

spot and deliver the baby with the help of Pia over video call. A grateful

Virus finally acknowledges Rancho as an extraordinary student, and

revokes their expulsion. On graduation day, Rancho suddenly disappears

shortly after the ceremony ends.

Ten years later, Farhan is a successful wildlife photographer while

Raju is married and settled with his family in a comfortable lifestyle with a

corporate job and Chatur is the vice president of a reputable corporation in

the United States; neither the three of them have heard from Rancho since

graduation. Arriving at Shimla, where Rancho was spotted in the

background of a snapshot, they meet a man who turns out to be the real

Ranchoddas Chanchad (Javed Jaffrey). From him, they learn that the

Rancho they knew was actually "Chhote", an orphaned servant to the

Chanchad family. Ranchoddas' father arranged for Chhote to attend ICE in

his son's name so that his son could take credit for the degree. Ranchoddas

provides Chhote's address in Ladakh, where he is a schoolteacher. On the

way, they pass Manali where they rescue and prevent Pia from marrying

her materialistic fiancee Suhas. Chatur, meanwhile, is in a hurry to crack a

business deal with world-renowned scientist and businessman with 400

patents to his name, Phunsukh Wangdu. Commented [A3]: This part is in chapter IV.
 Upon arrival in Ladakh, the four head to the village school and

witness the young students' inventions that resemble Rancho's own college

projects. The four happily reunite with Rancho to which Pia and Rancho

kiss, while Chatur insults and asks Rancho to sign a contract stating that he

is the least successful person; Rancho does so without commenting. As

Chatur walks away triumphantly, Rancho reveals himself to actually be

Phunsukh Wangdu, to his friends' and Pia's surprise and delight. Realizing

this, a horrified Chatur accepts his defeat and pleads him to sign his

contract while Rancho and his four friends run away laughing.

D. Conflict

Five types of conflict in literature are: Commented [A4]: Source of citation please.

1. Man Versus Self Conflict

By “man against self” conflict, the fight is within himself. This is a

conflict that is regulary related to an external conflict. A character must

cope with his own nature or create an option among two more paths-good

and evil; logic and emotion.

2. Man Versus Society Conflict

Where the role face a man-made establishment (such as slavery or

bullying), man against man conflict may shelter into man against

community. in such stories, characters are enforced to create moral option

or agitated by social rules in meeting their own purpose.

3. Man Versus Man Conflict

Man against man conflict implicates stories where characters are face one

with another. This is an external conflict. The conflict perhaps be straight

contradiction, as in a gunfight or a robbery, or it perhaps be a more subtle

conflict among the urge of two or more characters, such as in a romance or

a family epic. This kind of conflict is so common in traditional literature,

fairy tales and myths.

4. Man Versus Nature Conflict

Man against nature conflict is an external conflict putting the hero against

an animal or a force of nature, such as a storm or tornado or snow.

5. Man Versus Supernatural Conflict

Supernatural elements are characteristically those that resist the laws of

nature and are out of scientific understanding. Such a state adds gravitas

and drama to the story. If you are taking super natural elements you

perhaps want to create sure what genre you are writing.

 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

A. Form of Research

The writers use the qualitative research method to analyze the

character’s attitude and conflict presented in “3 Idiots” directed by

Rajkumar Hirani. The writers use qualitative research method

because this method was considered relevant to the research

because it involves the collection of data to find the meaning of the

fundamental things or experienced by the object of research.

Furthermore, the writers also use library research to support the

qualitative research.

B. Data Collection

To complete the analysis, the writers take unique ways to make

the analysis easier to understand. The steps are as following :

1. The writers find some sources of the data from the movie by

watching the movie more than once to get a better

understanding for each part of the movie.

2. The writers collect some references relevant to the analysis of

the movie.

3. The writers take some parts from the dialogue to clarify the

story of the movie.

C. Data Analysis

Qualitative methodology is a research procedure that produces

descriptive data in the form of written or oral words of people and

behavior that can be observed (Bogdan and Taylor,1975).

According to Andrew Abbott (1998) Library research is the art

of showing out which of several things that are staring you in the

face is the one you ought to have desire to look for. It has almost

nothing to do with searching for known items. Finding something

is easy. It is knowing you ought to be looking for it that is hard.

You search for known items only once you have done all the real

work. The steps taken by the writers in data analysis are as follow :

1. The writers find references on the internet that are related to

the movie and compiled it into concrete data.

2. Each of the writers watched the movie individually to analyze

the movie carefully.

3. The writers analyze each of the main characters in the movie.

4. The writers analyze the conflicts from the dialogs, scenes and
actions in the movie.

5. After the data is collected, the best analysis concluded by the

discussion among the writers.

6. After having the conclusion, the writers summarized the

conflicts in the movie entitled “3 Idiots” by Rajkumar Hirani.