NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WO 2-4155

WASHINGTON,D .C. 20546 TELS W O 3-6925

FOR RELEASE: MONDAY P.M.

June 2, 1969
REIlEASE NO: 69-81

P PROJECT:
.(To be launched no
eaPller than

R June 5, 1969)

E contents

S
S

I
T -0- 5/27/69

. I
(CODE)

/ '3\ (CATEOORYJ
(NASA CR OR TUX O R AD NUMBER)
 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
NEWS WASHINGTON,D .C .20546 TELS'
W O 2-4155
W O 3-6925

FOR RELEASE: MONDAY P.M.

June 2, 1969
RELEASE NO: 69-81

FINAL OGO READIED FOR LAUNCH

The last observatory of the O r b i t i n g Geophysical

Observatory (OGO) Program, OGO-F, is scheduled f o r launch
i n t o a low a l t i t u d e , n e a r l y polar o r b i t fzaom the Western
T e s t Range, Lompoc, C a l i f , , no earlier than June 5 , 1969.

The launch of OGO-F marks the f i n a l phase of a n era

of large automated s a t e l l i t e s t u d i e s of t h e nature and v a r i -
a b i l i t y of the Earth's near space environment under t h e
influence of the Sun.

Planned f o r the period of maximum sunspot a c t i v i t y ,

the OW-F mission w i l l i n v e s t i g a t e the Earth's upper atmosphere
and ionosphere, the auroral regions surrounding t h e poles,
and the edges of the regions of trapped r a d i a t i o n ,

P a r t i c u l a r emphasis w i l l be placed on the i n t e r r e l a t i o r i -

ships between p a r t i c l e a c t i v i t y , aurora and airglow, t h e geo-
magnetic f i e l d , t h e n e u t r a l and ionized composition, wave
propagation and noise, and t h e input s o l a r energy c o n t r i b u t i n g
t o i o n i z a t i o n and heating.
-more- 5/27/69
 -2-

The 25 experiments packed i n the 1,393-pound

observatory-the h e a v i e s t of t h e OGO series-will obtain
g l o b a l data over a complete range of l a t i t u d e s extending
from t h e Equator t o t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e poles. The experi-
ments were contributed by 10 domestic u n i v e r s i t i e s , one
foreign u n i v e r s i t y , f o u r government related c e n t e r s and f i v e
p r i v a t e companies.

I F s u c c e s s f u l l y o r b i t e d by a THORAD-Agena D launoh
rocket, OGO-F w i l l be designated 060-6.

The OGO program was i n i t i a t e d i n 1960 t o undertake

the dlversified c o r r e l a t i v e measurements required t o under-
stand better Earth-Sun r e l a t i o n s h i p s and the near-Earth
environment. The large, standardized three-axia s t a b i l i z e d
observatory conceived a t t h a t t i m e has, with minor modifications,
accommodated the 130 experiments assigned t o t h e s i x OGO

missions.

The 000 s t a b i l i z a t i o n system f e a t u r e s an a c t i v e three-

axis# five-degrees-of-freedom system which p o i n t s t h e bottom
p o r t i o n of t h e main body always toward t h e Earth, t h e s o l a r
panels automatically toward the Sun, and r o t a t i n g experiment
packages in the d i r e c t i o n of motion.

Booms mounted on t h e main body, which g i v e OGOs t h e i r

i n s e c t - l i k e appearance, c a r r y experiment packages which are
s e n s i t i v e t o spacecraft d i s t m b a n c e s , o r which require p a r t i -
c u l a r viewing d i r e c t i o n s .
-more-
 -3-
The OGO Communications and Data Handling System
designed i n t h e e a r l y 19601sw a s a t that t i m e the most
advanced incorporated i n t o a satellite, i n terms of data
rate f l e x i b i l i t y and commandable control.

The first OGO, launched I n September 1964, near t h e

period of minimum solar a c t i v i t y carried 20 experiments I n t o
a highly e l l i p t i c a l o r b i t f o r s t u d i e s of the E a r t h ' s magnet-
osphere. As a consequence o f a f a i l u r e - t o lock on E a r t h , 0 0 - 1

entered a s p i n - s t a b i l i z e d mode. Four and one-half years later,

long beyond the expected l i f e of i t s sytems, t h e OGO-1 mission
is s t i l l providing u s e f u l data from about; half of Its experi-
ment s .
Two o t h e r missions, OGO-3 i n June 1966 and OGO-5 i n

March 1968 wepe launched i n t o an o r b i t similar t o t h e OGO-1

orbit. Both observatories are t r a n s m i t t i n g ; OGO-3 i s s p i n
s t a b i l i z e d ami OGO-5 has performed w e l l i n the three-axis
s t a b i l i z e d mode for over a year.

OGO-2, launched i n October 1965, was t h e f i r s t 000

placed i n a low a l t i t u d e , n e a r l y p o l a r o r b i t . The mission
encountered problems w i t h Fhrth horizon sensing early i n i t s
l i f e but aontinued t o provide data for two years. OGO-4

launched i n August 1967, during t h e period of increasing s o l a r

a c t i v i t y performed w e l l f o r eighteen months. I n January 1969,
OGO-4 was placed i n a holding mode. After the OGO-F launch,

t h e OGO-4 mission w i l l be r e - s t a b i l i z e d f a r c o r r e l a t i v e i n t e r -
satellite studies .
-more-
 -4-
e ~ ~ v e ~ ofo a~large
~ ~ complex,
n t bus-type,
space research, and t h e
mx, under strenuous conditions,

engineering achievement, Experi-

e n e f i t e d o t h e r space programs
and has provided hnologg base f o r t h e development of
oxy concepts,

l ~ ~ h r n ~of~ tt hse 060 program have

act; on the understanding of E a r t h ' s space
e of these observatories and
the l a r g e comple ents making simultaneous measure-
s o l u t i o n aorrelative s t u d i e s
e ~ a t ofu t ~h i s~ environment,

than B,200,000 m i l l i o n hours of

cqudred by the first f i v e OGO missions
~ n ~ have
~ ~been
g disseminated
s in
i s ~ ~including
p u ~ ~ reports, ~ 32 papers
eeing of t h e American Geophysical
Union in Ma

a t i o n of protons responsible f o r a
he Ekrth a t a d i s t a n c e of s e v e r a l
 -5-
e first at^^^ lobal survey of t h e Earth's
magnetic fie1 , resultin a proposed new magnetic field
model for the I n t e r n a t f o tic Refesence Field.
* Clear ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i f of
i the
c a controlling
t i ~ ~ influence
of the Earth's ~ ~ f i e l d ~on i o nnpopulation.
~ ~ ~ c
t i o n of the exkstence of 8n inward boundary,

t h e plasmapause, ~~~r~~~~~~~
the region o f stable trapped
r a ~ f a ~ ~ ~ ~ ,
* First evidence t h a t a T g i a n of l o w energy electrons
completely envelops the trapped radiation regions.
ht aurome.
e m p of airglow d i s t r i b u t i o n ,
t h e E a r k h s bow shack

rf@ field measurements fn the bow

shock m

which cou3d oZar p a r t i c l e s g e t i n t o the rmgnet-

e c t i o t ~o f n -ducted propagatlan o f very

OW frequency waves

* F i r s t ~ b ~ ~ ~of ~enhancement
a t i o of~ man-aade whlrstler
mode waves by mgne ospherfc focusing,
 The 000 results are pointing the way to the r e s o u l t i o n
of important questions i n energetic p a r t i c l e and wave propa-
gation physics, ionicplasma physics and photochemistry. Data
on t h e ionosphere and propagation mechanisms are expected to
lead t o improvements i n long-range communications. Studies
of large soale plasma physics phenomena may h e l p to a c c e l e r a t e
laboratory e f f o r t s directed towards confinement of hot plasmas,

Understanding of the chemistry of t h e Earth's atmosphere

provides a basis f o r understanding t h e environment of o t h e r
planetary atmospheres and wlll be an important feature i n t h e
foumulation of t h e o r e t i c a l models explaining t h e formation and
evolution of planekary environments.

I n o r b i t , O W resembles a g i a n t , s u r r e a l i s t i c I n s e c t
because of the many arm and leg-like booms, antennas, and
wing-like s o l a r panels whlch J u t from its rectangular, box-
shaped main body. With i t s booms aud solar panels f u l l y deployed
a f t e r i n j e c t i o n i n t o o r b i t , OGO i s about 49 f e e t long and
20.5 f e e t wide. With f u l l y deployed experiment antennas a t

each end of t h e s o l a r paddles, the width is approximately

60 feet. Each OGO has more than 100,000 separate parts.
Duping launch, t h e 000 appendages are folded a g a i n s t the main
body
 -7-
The O r b i t i n g Geophysical Observatory progxaarn is mrt
o f the NASA's s c i e n t i f i c space exploration study conducted
by the Office of Space Science and Applications, Washington,
D,C, OGO p r o j e c t management is the r e s p s n s l b i l i t y of Qoddard
Space F l i g h t Center, Greenbelt, Md,

NASA*s Lewis Research Canter, Cleveland, is r e s p o n s i b l e

for the THOW/Ager?a launch rocket, Launch operations are
performed by t h e A i r F o r c e 8 s 6595th Aerospace Test Wing under
t h e t e c h n i c a l d i r e c t i o n o f NASA8s Kennedy Space Center Unmanned
Launch Operations .
OGO prime c o n t r a c t o r is TRW Systems, Redondo Beach,
Calif, The McDonnell Douglas ktrOnautiGf3 Co., Santa Monica,
Calif. developed the TH0M.D and Lackheed Missiles and Spaae
Cosp., Sunnyvale, Calif. produced the Agena stage. More than
%OO,OOO subcontractors and vendors throughout the n a t i o n have
provided various subayrst@ms and electronics for t h e s a t e l l i t e .
 -8-

OGO-F FACT SHEET

SPACECRAFT:
S~pe.................................o~~~n body I s rec-
tangular shape, s i x
f e e t long, three feet
wide, three feet high;
with appendages deployed,
s p a c e c r a f t looks l i k e
giant i n s e c t , i s 49 feet
long and 20.5 feet wide.

O v e r a l l Weight.,...................4.D.l,393 pounds
Experiment W@ight.................~....371 pounds
Appendagea....,........................~~ 20-foot booms;
four four-foot booms;
two solar panels, six
feet wide by e i g h t and
one-half feet long with
apgsoximately
feet covered with
33,000 N/P c e l l s ; t w o
orbital planer experi-
ment packages nominally
18 by 9 by 10 inches
and 15 by 9 by 13 inches.
power Supply.. ......................... Solar supply to t w o
28-volt nickel cadmium
b a t t e r i e s u s i n g unreg-
ulated direct current
with maximum capability
of about 560 watts,

LAUNCH INFQREJIATION :
Vehicle. ..............................THORAD/Agena D

-more-
 -9-

NOMINAL OFZBITAL ELEMENTS :

Apo~ee..........................~..~~.A~~~~ 680 s t a t u t e miles
Perigee. ............................. .About 245 s t a t u t e miles
~nclination.............o...o.......oo~2 degrees prograde
Perlod..o...............o....o..o....~Ab~ut 100 minutes.
TRACKING AND DATA ACQUISITION STATIONS
NASA's Spalse Tracking and Data A c Q Wetwork
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
(STADAN)will perform tracking, telemetry and data a c q u i s i t i o n
f u n c t i o n s f o r QW-F, STADAN a t a t i o n s are located a t College,
Alaska3 Fort Myersp Fla.; Newfoundland; Rosmn, N.C.; Winkfield,
England; Q u i t o , Ecuador; Lima, Peru; Sarnklago, Chile; Johannes-
burg, South Afriea, and Carnarvon and Orrora). Vglley, Australia.
The network 18 operated by the Goddary Space F l i g h t Center,
Greenbelt, Md. F a c i l i t i e s are operated f o r ASA i n A u s t r a l i a by
the Australian Department of' Supply and 3-n the Republic of South
Africa by the South African Council f o r S 0 3 m W a B , $ i C and I n d u s t r i a l
Research.
OBSERVATORY MBNAGEMIENT:............o..~.o.oOf~~~e of Space Science
end Applications, NASA
Headquarters, and NASA*s
Goddart3 Space F l i g h t
Center.
LAUNCH 3ll3HICLE MANAGEMENT: ................ .NASA/Lewis
Center
Research

LAUNCH OPERATIQNS:...................e..~.e~. 8. A i r Force 6595th

Aerospace Test W i n g
u s d e ~t h e t e c h n i c a l
supervision of' t h e NASA
Kennedy Space Center
Unmanned Launch Operat ions

Systems, Redondo
QFU-I? S p a e e c r a f t . . . . . Q . . o . . . . . . . . ~ o ~ . . T ~ W
Beach, C a l i f .

e..O.....~.............eao..Loekhe~d Missile and

.
Space Corp., Sunnyvale,
Calif
-more-
 -10-

06fO-F SPACECRAFT

OIW-F c o n s i s t s of a main body about six feet long, three

feet deep and three feet wide. Attached t o t h i s s e c t i o n a r e 12
appendages.
Two 22-foot-long booms, longest on t h e satellite, c a r r y
experiment instwmentation which must be mounted away from t h e
main body t o avoid magnetic and o t h e r d i s t u r b i n g e f f e c t s .
Four four-foot-long booms c a r r y somewhat less s e n s i t i v e
experiments, OQO antennas are mounted away from t h e main body
t o take advantage of improved antenna pattern8 made possible
by *his technique,
Other e x t e r n a l chamcateristics of t h e s a t e l l i t e Include
t w o box-like packages which c a r r y experiments and can be ro-
tated so that the experlment packages can be aligned in t h e
plane o f %he o r b i t .
These packages, c a l l e d t h e OPEPs ( O r b i t a l Plane Experiment
Packages) are of d i f f e r e n t sizes, The l a r g e s t i s approximately
18 Inshes long, 10 inches high and 9 inches deep. They c a r r y
experiments which w i l l take readfngs i n the erblta3. plane of t h e
satellite.
Also mounted e x t e r n a l l y are a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l j e t nozzles
which are placed an booms a t one end of OGO. T h i s placement
increases t h e l e v e r arm a c t i o n and h e l p s s t a b i l i z e t h e s a t e l l i t e
and reduce gas system weight,
Two larger solar-cell panels convert s o l a r enesrgy i n t o
e l e c t r i c a l power f o r s a t e l l i t e operation. The panels are mounted
on a shaft runnjtng through the main body. They r o t a t e auto-
matically, as o r i e n t a t i o n of the observatory changes, t o permit
them t o f a c e the Sun continously,
Two solar oriented experiment packages (SOEPs) are mounted
on the solar panels. These paokages contain experiments designed
to look toward the Sun.
Experiments not s e n s i t i v e t o the s a t e l l i t e ' s l o c a l environ-
ment are mauni;ed on t h e I n s i d e of two large hinged doors. Tho
doors aan be opened fop access t o equipment o r experiments.

-more-
 -11-

Power Subsystern

The 33,QOO s o l a r c e l l s mounted on the two s o l a r arrays

provide about 560 watts of elec.t;ric power,
This is stored i n two 12 ampere-hour nickel-cadmium
batteries.
A n average of 100 watts and a peak of 140 watts of
power are reserved for experiments,
A t t i t u d e Control System

The OGO-F a t t i t u d e c o n t r o l syseern fa designed t o keep

the rsatellite s t a b i l i z e d I n a l l three axes ( p i t c h , yaw and r o l l ) ,
within two degrees of local v e r t i c a l , w i t h f i v e degkees of
the Sun, and one sltde orfented toward Ehrth. lChe OPEPs are
then oriented w i t h i n f i v e de re88 o f the o r b l t a l plane. This
s t a b i l i z a t i o n provides a platform for a c c u r a t e directional mea-
sum?ernents.
Basically, the o s n t r o l system c o n s i s t s of horizon scannersz
Sun sensors, servssl gas jees, e l e c t r i c a l l y - d r i v e n flywheels
and associated e l e e t r a n l c s .
Horizon scanners sense the i n f r a r e d edge of %he B r t h
and provide erpox. signals ts the inertla1 flywheels and gas jets
which f o r c e the s a t e l l i t e t o t u r n about I n t h e r o l l and p i t c h
axes i n s u r l n g that t h e bottom of the main body always p o i n t s
towards Eareh.
Error sggnals for c o n t r o l l i n g yaw motion, and s0tatfOn
of the power-producing s o l a r panels, are c o n t r o l l e d by Sun sen-
s o r s s i t u a t e d on t h e ends of the panels,
The body yaw torque, roduced by another i n e r t i a wheel
and a set of gas jets, keeps the axis of the solar panels normal
and the plane of the main body thermal r a d i a t i o n louvers parallel
t o the Sun l i n e ,
A third p o r t i o n of the system controls the OPEPs to
pennit some of the experiments to look along the p a t h of t h e
satellite.
These experiments are directed forward in the plane of the
OPbit and n0-1 to &he obSe~atOry-EaPth line. OPEPS can also
scan across t;he orbltal plane on B d.
w
 -12-

The QPEP sensor is a gyroscope operatad i n a gyrocompass

mode. Its e r r o r voltage c o n t r o l s a d r i v e which r o t a t e s t h e
OPEPS W2th ??6?8peCt t o t h e body,
Them1 Contra1 System

A combination a c t i v e and passive t h e m 1 c o n t m l system

regulates temperatures i n the electronics syrstm c
of the observatory.
The temperatures of all assemblies w i t h l a the main
body are kept between about 41 t o 95 degrees F. by sets o f
radiating panels and 101 temperature-actuated alurn?lnum l o u v e r s
located on three sides of $he main body,
The temperalures of appendage packages ~ o ~ ~
experPment instruments are c o n t r o l l e d by a similar thermal
balance technique, exoept that; louvers are not u s e d , 6
heaters are used t o maintain temperature l l m i t s when "ce observa-
tory 2s i n eclipse o r when experiments are turned off,
This system i s designed t o keep the at^
the appendage csnt;ainsrs within the range of about 32 to 104
degrees F,
Comunioations and Data Handlfng

The QGQ comunications and data handling sysbena 3.9

designed to provide for tracking and c a r a d f u n c t i o n s both
f o r satel3bite hOus6kt?epirlg and @Tperimti%lt op6?lqatiQnand %elemeli;ry
data for 20 t o 30 separate experiments,
The maPn telemetry i s a wide-band PCM (pulse code modula-
tion) system using a nine-bi& word and cap ble oA' operating
a t three data rates which ape s e l e c t e d by ground CQWIEUI~,
The realtime data rate c a p a b i l i t y sf the OW-E' system
ranges from 8,000 tc 64,000 blts-pes-second, Da%astored in
two tape recorders a t 8,OQo bits-per-second p l a y back at 128,000
bits-per-second.
w
te w i t h outputs transmitted t o Earth In real-
ected t o one of t h e t w o tape recorders provided
o three hours OP 86,000,000 bits of data, These
darta are transmitted by four-watt wide-b nd eransrnitters a t
400 mhz,

-more-
 -13-

A special purpose tslmetry sy8%em9 capable of operating

from an experiment whos t p u t is an FR (Yrequency Modulated)
signal. varying frwr up t;o f i v e skandam! subcarrier oscillators,
For back-up, a aecond made of" -c;ccial purpose system
ti%-5

includes the %ranambssicnof the ou%p~--c of ehhe ufde-band tele-

metry system, special purpose tmaartatltter is rated at 0.5
wat;ts at 400 mtaz,
Data Procase3.w

Data received on magnetic tape by the world-wide network

of Tracking and Data Acquisition SteltiOi'm (STADAN) will be
forwarded to the Gadda Space Flight Center.
Tracking data ~ e n tto Goddiwd will be used for computation
of an accurate orb%$for EucperinaenCersa data analysis and for
spacecraf.1; operalAarnEs,
Taped data will be ~~~~~~~~d by high-lspeed computers,
men the p r s c e s s l ~i h ~completed, d i g i t a l computer tapes will
be produced f o r each ~ x ~ ~ ~ i ~ e n t ~ r .
These tapes w i l l contain data %rsm each individual experi-
ment, necessary tfmfng information, 8s well as daea on space-
craft temperatures, v ~ and orbital
~ data
~ =- the~ standard
~ e
hou seleeping hfOl%lakhn,.
The production data proces ng conducted a$ Goddard
w f l l be basically a. ecztnpater sa bng operation, providing experi-
mentera wi&h raw data from their experiments, Following the
necessary analysis and evaluation by expe~imeitnters, data f o r
the scien4;ific 60 niGy ~11311be published In hscientific journals.
The data ~83.3.also be submitted to the National Space
t;a Center at Qoddard Space F l i g h t C e n t e r f o r t h e u s e
of other Pnteresked s c i e n t i s t s ,
 -14-

000-F SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES AND EXPERIMENTS

The 371 pounds of instrumentation for the 25 experiments

of the WO-F mission cover the broad spectrum of t h e space science
disciplines, and are correlative investigations I n rsolar, bePonay,
energetic particle, auroral and ai.rglow physics,
The Information collected by these V 8 P i O U s experiments
should help In understanding batter the Earth's environment
and the time-dependent relationship that exists in galactic,
interplanetary and planetary events, wi2;h emphasltr on solar-
terrestrial interactions,
A t thd present time in space exploration, scientists
know how t o make of 6h8 lmdividual-measurements of the
magnetic f i e l d , particle flux, ionization, etc,
The Important question facing space sclantists concerns
the Interrelations between these qu6lntitlee and the @stablash-
ment of detalled cause-and-effect relationships,
An eXatftpl@ I s the desire of physicisem t o study the
density and composition of fhe upper atmosphere, and the way
the atmo8phere i s affected by radiation from the Sun and by
energetic particlea,
To obtain this type of Information requires several
coordinated experiments, and large data reduction systems (to
turn the data Into easy-to-understand language) which leads
to the requirement of largescientific spacecraft in t h e OGO
class.
Following are same o f the OGO-F near-Earthareas of
investigation:
# Atmospheric and ionospheric measurements
0 Auroral and airglow studies
* Solar radiation experiments
e Radio emfssion measurements
* Magnetic f i e l d measureaents
* Cosmic ray experiments
 -14a-

OGO-F Experiment Locations

I \ - -

-more-
 These i n v e s t i g a t i o n s should help achieve some of t h e
following o b j e c t i v e s t
* New knowledge OR the la$itucjo and $fme-degendent
v a r i a t i o n s o f $he pre88ure, temperature, d e n s i t y and ohem%s4?ry
of the n m t m l atmosphere aurrounding the Earth;
* me r e l a t i o n s h i p Between rPolar X-ray and u l t r a v i o l e t
emissions and $;heir effect on the Earth8s ionosphere, atmaphere
and airglow;
* FuI?ther fn8,ight into the p r e c i p i t a t i o n o f e n e r g e t i c
particle8 and the i n f l u x of solar corrisic rays i n t o the auroral
and p o l a r regions and the occurenoe of aurora and p o l a r cap
blackout;
* Measureneat; of solar u1t;rariofat and X-ray emissions
d u r i n g a pefiiod of high a c t i v i t y ;
*More information concerning low energy particles
trapped i n the Earth's magnetic field; tRe i n t e n s i t y of the
magnetic f i e l d , and the o v e r a l l r e l a t i o n s h i p of the phenome
with very low frequency r a d i o n o h e , ionospheric absonption
and solar a c t i v i t y ;
* The d e f i n i t i o n of long-tern change5 i n t h e geomagnetic
field and f u r t h e r refinement of global magnetic field data a s
part of t h e United Stxitest c o n t r i b u t i o n t o the World Magnetic
Survey; and
* A better under nterplanetary
space a8 revealed by c aching the Ea
Sun and from g a l a c t i c sources.
A t e c h n i c a l d e s c r i p t i o n of each of the OQO-F experi
follows i n order t o help place i n oontext the types of instma-
mentation used and the specifio areas tQbe studied by each
experiment.
Atmozrpheris and Ionospheric S t u d i e s
9

!!!he primary objective of the experiment is t o measure

t h e spatial and temporal v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e n e u t r a l a t ~ Q S p h e r i C
d e n s i t y throughout the OW-F o r b i t . Of p a r t P c u l a r interest; 1s
l a t i t u d e v a r i a t i o n , day-night v a r i a t i o n s , and sofar a c t i v i t y -
correlated v a r i a t i o n i n t h e atmospheric density.

-more-
 A t h i n metallic ribbon, suspended between t h e pole
pieces of a permanent magnet, i s mounted i n t h e OPEP looking
along the v e l o c i t y vector,of the spacecraft. The atmospheric
gas, having e f f e c t i v e l y the v e l o c i t y of t h e vehicle, exerts a
pressure on t h i s ribbon which i s proportional t o the atmospheric
m a s d e n s i t y and the square of' t h e v e l o c i t y of t h e gas w i t h
respect t o the ribbon.

Mich,, - .
A F, Nagy, NASA/ OSPC -
Electron Temperature and Density (Univ, of Michigan, A n n Arbor,
L. H. Brace)

This experiment will contribute t o a coordinated study

of t h e aeronomy of' t h e upper atmosphere, It measure8 the ambient
e l e c t r o n temperature and d e n s i t y and i t a l s o provides information
on the equilibrium p o t e n t i a l of t h e spacecraft.
The operating p r i n c i p l e of t h e instrument i s the
following: A small c y l i n d r i c a l probe is placed outside t h e
sheath of' the spacecraft and the D.C. p o t e n t i a l of the probe
i s varied a few v o l t s with respect t o the spacecraft, The re-
s u l t i n g c o l l e c t e d current versus applied V o l t a g e characteristics
are then used t o derive e l e o t r o n temperature and d e n s i t y and
spacecraft p o t e n t i a l . The experiment uses two Langmuir probes
placed on OPEP-2 a t 90 degrees t o each other, with one probe
lookine; i n t o the v e l o c i t y vector. This arrangement I s h e l p f u l
i n evaluating axperlarentally the o r i e n t a t i o n e f f e c t s on t h e v o l t -
ampere c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s,
C - C, A, Reber; Univ,

The primary o b j e c t i v e of t h i s experiment i s t o s t u d y

the behavior of the aoncentrations of major c o n s t i t u e n t s (N ,
02, 0, He, and H ,) of the Earth's n e u t r a l atmosphere d u r i n g
varying solar a c g i v i t y and magnetic disturbances, and d u r i n g
d i u r n a l , seasonal, and l a t i t u d i n a l v a r i a t i o n s , A secondary
o b j e c t i v e i s t o obtain aocurate measurements of t h e concentra-
t i o n of t r a c e c o n s t i t u e n t s of the Earth's n e u t r a l atmosphere,
A quadrupole mass spectrometer i s used t o obtain the
atmospheric composition data. The spectrometer system c o n s i s t s
of a quadrupole analyzer, i n which mass separation occurs w l t h -
i n a dc and a radio frequency e l e c t r i c f i e l d , an enoloaed d u a l
filament e l e c t r o n bombardment ion source, an e l e c t r o n m u l t i p l i e r ,
supporting e l e c t r o n i c s f o r operating the analyzer and soupee,
and a break-off device f o r exposing t h e evacuated mass spectro-
meter t o t h e atmosphere once i n o r b i t ,
Atmospheric Ioa Concentration and Mass (NASA/GSFC - R.A. Pickettl

The ob3ective of t h i s experiment i s t o study ehe

atmospheric t h e m 1 o s i t i v e ion concentration and mass i n
t h e range from 1 t o .! 5 atomic mass units ( W ) ,
The instrument used i s a Bennett rf ion mass spectro-
meter oriented I n the orbst plane and located in O P E P 2 , The
s p e c t r m e t e r c o n s i s t s of 8 Cube with a series of plane-parallel
k n i t t e d g r i d s mounted normal t o the axis of the tube, A-C and
D-6 f i e l d s a c c e l e r a t e the i o n s down the length of t h e tube
toward a c o l l e c t o r . To reach the c o l l e c t o r t h e ions must pass
through a r e t a r d i n g p o t e n t i a l , Only those i o n s s a t i s f y i n g t h e
v e l o c i t y and phase condftions established by t h e f i e l d s w i l l
receive s u f f i c i e n t energy from the field6 t o pass t h e retarding
p o t e n t i a l and impinge on the oolleetor,

hallas, Texas, - .
Ion Mass Spectrmeter (Southwset Center f o r Advanced S t u d i e s ,
W B. Hanson)

The o b j e c t i v e of t h i s experiment is t o provide measurements

of the ambient ion oomposition along the s p a c e c r a f t ' s o r b i t a l
path f o r those p o s i t i v e l y thawed ion8 i n the range from 1 t o 40
BMU.
The instrument conslsts of' a 90 degree sector magnetic
analyzer, a n electron m u l t i p l i e r de.t;eotor and a l i n e a r automatic
ranging electrometer located i n OPEP-1. The system is capable
of measuring ion ooncentrations of the order of 10 Ions per aubic
centimeter.
Ionolsphere Ducting ( SWAS - W, B. Hansonr

This experiment measures ion concentrations and tempera-

t u r e s throughout the Octo-F o r b i t i n order t o provide an under-
standing of atmospheric chemistry and heating phenomena i n t h e
upper atmosphere, The phenomena of whistler ducting and ducting
of t h e lonosonde pulses from topside sounders along magnetic
f i e l d l i n e s are believed t o be caused by f i e l d aligned i r r e g u -
l a r i t i e e i n t h e e l e c t r o n (Ion) concentrations, The experiment
a l s o provides high r e s o l u t i o n measu;rernent of horizontal ion
concentration g r a d t e n t s ( d u c t s ) with a s e n s i t i v i t y of one p a r t
per thousand i n ion concentration and 300 meters i n spatial reso-
lution,
 measwe ion tepape
ties i n ion
n t i r e exper l y z e r and
t r o n i c a mo e In OPEP-1,
Energy Trmafer Probe (Faraday Laboratories, La Jolla, C a l i f , ,
b. McKeown)
-
m t3 P o b j e o t l v s of t h i s experiment l a t o
the energy odatlon and drag c o e f f i c i e n t s for
low atomic weight metals, A secondary obJective is t o determine
v a r i a t i o n s In upper akaoephere d e n s i t y by monitoring variations
i n the kinetic-energy flux,
'phe Instrument cronsistrs of four energy transfer probes
located i n OFEP-1, A s h u t t e r l a positioned i n f r o n t of the
probes .t;o chop the upper 8%tmOrSpheriC stream, Each probe employs
B temperature-aensitlve quartz crystal t o detect energy t r a n s f e r .
The frequency inc se of a probe, during the period when the
shutter 1s open, proportio+l t o the energy t r a n s f e r r e d to the
crystal sensor. Of t h e four probes, two are used t o measure
the accommodation eo-officlenta of gold and aluminum, one measures
the k i n e t i c energy f l u x of t h e upper atmoepheric stream and one
is used as a control,

b,C,, - .
Solar X-ray Einiusions (U. S, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington,
M r . R W, Kreplin)

'Measuring the s o l a r X-ray energy input t o the Earth and

i t s v a r i a t i o n s i n order t o understand the geophysical parameters
of the upper atmosphere is the o b j e c t i v e of %hisexperiment;.
Changes i n the solar radiation is on8 of the prlmary environ-
mental inf'luenaes a f f e e t l n g t h e ionoaphere, I n p a r t i c u l a r , s o l a r
X-ray b u r s t s accompanying flares and a c t i v e rominences are the
direct; cause of increased D region ionizatl which I n t u r n
i s responsible for r a d i o fadeout, sudden croemia noise absorption
(SCNA), and other manifestations of the sudden ionospheric dls-
turbance ( S I D ) event, By establishing a Set of X-ray i n d i c e s
of solar a c t i v i t y , c o r r e l a t i o n w i t h o t h e r geophysical phenomena
can be made. The t i m e v a r i a t i o n of X-ray emissions p l a y a n
Important role i n the fonn@tion and v a r i a t i o n s in the D and E
regions of the ionosphere and appear to c o n s t i t u t e t h e predominent
s t r o n g l y variable component of solar r a d i a t i o n reaching the lower
ionosphere,
 The inatnam4?ntatlon consllsts oftrwo d e t e c t o r s , a proportional
counter f o r the 2 t o 20 Kev range and a scIntlllator/photomul-
t l p l l t t r f o r the 20 t o 150 Kev range. The detectors are located
I n SOEP-1.

The o b j e c t i v e of t h i s experiment I s t o monitor r a d i a t i o n

l n t e n s l t l a s i n the extrents u l t r a v i o l e t (160.. angprtrom degrees t c
1600 angstrom degrees) p o r t i o n of the s o l a r spectrum. It will
provide needed Information on lntxmsity l e v e l a and the temporal
v a r i a t l o n e of' these l e v e l s f o r c o r r e l a t i v e s u t i d e s of W emissions
with ionoapherlc and ataro8pheric phenomena ,
The inetrument c o n s l s t ~of 6 collimator-plane grating
apectrorrretera located i n 80EP-2 which s8an the wavelength
range from 160 t o 1600A with an s f f e a t l v e o v e r a l l resolving
power of 100. The s i x spectrometers cover independent b u t over-
lapping s p e c t r a l rangeso t o give redundancy everywhere but a t
the s p e c t r a l extremes. The wavelength scan i s q a r r i e d out i n
513 steps which covers t h e e n t i r e s p e c t r a l range. The experi-
ment can also be commanded t o any of 15 short scans of 65 steps
each. A n aspect; system associated w1t;h *he experiment y i e l d s
a measure of any departure made by the experiment axis from the
mean s o l a r vector.

w. M., -
S o l a r U l t r a v i o l e t Survey (Univ, of Mew Mexico, Albuquerque,
Yo H. Reg:ener)-

The o b j e c t i v e of t h i s experiment I s t o provide long

observations of the l n t e n s & t y of solar r a d i a t i o n i n the ultra-
v i o l e t region of the spectrum over the wavelength from 1850 t o
3500 angstrams. S o l a r r a d l a t f o n a t these wavelenga;hs i s largely
responsible f o r the d l a e o c i a t i o n of oxygen In t h e upper atmosphere,
for t h e existence and the v e s t l c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of atmospheric
ozones, and f o r t h e temperature d i s t r i b u t i o n i n the u p p e r atmos-
phere.
The experiment use8 a quart8 prism spectrograph mounted
in SOEP-1 which i a programmed t o scan the u l t r a v i o l e t spectrum
ineight ranges, moat of th approx.imately 300 angstroms wide. I n
addition, there ape two ra es in ehe v i s i b l e spectrum, one affected
by ozone absorptibn i n t h e yellow-orange region, the o t h e r i n
e range from 3560 t o !jOQO angstroms, where ozone does not absorb.
e simul@aneoug monit;orfng of t h e v i s i b l e r a d i a t i o n i s intended
tozainly as a check on the equipment,

-more-
 -20-

Airglow and Auroral Studies

The primary purpose of t h e experiment i s t o s t u d y the

emitting regions a t 6300 angstroms ( t h e red l i n e of atomic
oxygen) and a t 3914 angstroms (0-0 band of he first negative
t e m of n i t r o g , N2+) during airglow a a u r o r a l phenomena.
Photometric measurements of the 6300 angstrom airglow
a l t i t u d e d i s t r i b u t i o n w i l l provide i n f o m a t i o n f o r s t u d i e s
of d i s s o c i a t i o n of 0 by s o l a r u l t r a v i o l e t r a d i a t i o n s , dissocia-
t i v e recornbination of i o n s w i t h electroms i n t h e ionosphere
and d i r e c t e x c i t a t i o n of 0 by thermal electrorrs, I n t e r f e r o -
metric measurements i n t h e same band w i l l provide t h e shape
and width of t h i s l i n e f o r study of temperature d i s t r i b u t i o n .
Observations of the 3914angstrom airglow w i l l provide data
on resonance r a d i a t i o n by N2+ and I o n i z a t i o n and e x c i t a t i o n
of Ne by s o l a r X-rays.
Observations during aurorae w i l l provide information
on e x c i t a t i o n mechanisms such as: energetic p a r t i c l e dumping,
d i s s o c i a t i v e recombination w i t h electrons, fast roton col-
l i s i o n s , and optical resonances (sunlight Aurora , P
The photometer i s mounted on a s h o r t boom and views
toward E a r t h , The 3914 angstrom region of the spectrum i s
observed by using a second i n t e r f e r e n c e f i l t e r which auto-
matically a l t e r n a t e s w i t h t h e 6300 angstrom i n t e r f e r e n c e f i l t e r
i n f r o n t of t h e photometer. A s t e p p i n g mirror provides a 32
degree scan from the observatory h o r i z o n t a l plane.
The Fabry-Perot interferometer i s mounted I n t h e space-
c r a f t main body and looks out t h e spacecraft side panel, A
moving plane mirror permits the instrument t o scan t h e de-
sired emission region. With v a r i a t i o n i n spacecraft a l t i t u d e
t h e angular p o s i t i o n of t h e mirror 1s altered through u s e of
s i g n a l s from the spacecraft horizon sensors.
U l t r a v i o l e t Photometer (U, of Colorado, Boulder, Colo,
C. A, Barth; Packard B e l l -
E, F, m c k e y )
-
The purpose of t h i s experiment i a a study of the spatial
d i s t r i b u t i o n and temporal v a r i a t i o n s of the i n t e n s i t y and
d e n s i t y of atomic hydrogen (1216 angstroms) and oxygen (1304
angstroms) i n airglow, i n t h e o u t e r atmosphere of t h e Earth;
and i n proton and e l e c t r o n excited aurora.

-more-
 -21-

The instrumentation c o n s i s t s of a two-channel photo-

meter designed t o measure u l t r a v i o l e t r a d i a t i o n between 1100
and 2500 angstrom.), Bnth channels h&vs l i t h i u m f l u o r i d e f i l t e r s
w i t h a band paaa of ?..sJ,COlt025OO angbxtrm8 I m o r p o r a t e d wlthin
the P# tube. One pl?.dmmterchannel used this way, t h e &her.
has a calcium f I u w B J d , ef i l t e r plaa&rd %ween the l i t h i u m f l u -
o r i d e window ar,d the c o h m m t e d aper%ur@. The band pass of t h e
l a t t e r i s 1250 ea 2500 angstroms, Thus, t;he 1100 t o 2500 angstrom
and 1250 t o 2500 angstrom regions are measured simultaneously.
The photometer is mounted on the observatory so t h a t t h e
photomultiplier8 look along the Ekr.t;h r a d i u s vector i n a
d i r e c t i o n away from t h e Earth. The PPI t u b e s are protected
.
from extended periods of' d i r e c t sunlight By a ground c o n t r o l l e d
door

The o b j e c t i v e of the experiment is a study of t h e z e n i t h

angle d i s t r i b u t i o r of Lyman-Alpha r a d i a t i o n on a g l o b a l basis.
The primary S ~ u r c eof r a d i a t i o n 1s t h e Sun, and t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n
occurs by resonant scar;tering from t h e n e u t r a l hydrogen geocorona.
From such measurements, the d e n s i t y varIatzLon and e x t e n t of the
hydrogen atmosphere labag be deduced. Ie may be p o s s i b l e t o obtain
information regad:l.nT the hydrogen temperature and t o observe
i n t e r p l a n e t a r y raeu t r z l hydrogen.
The instrurnentEQion ueed i s a 3 angstrom bandwidth
photometer a t 3.216 angstroms w i t h 8 f i v e degree f i e l d of view.
The photometer 18 ovnteC exteunally 09 the t o p side of t h e
observatory, A P ating 45 degree mirror makes a c i r c u l a r
scan of the sky above t h e observatory once each o r b i t . The
instrument contains an atomic hydrogen absorption c e l l for
a n a l y s i s of t h e r a d i a t i o n d i s t r i b u t i o n v e r y c l o s e t o resonance.
Three d i f f e r e n @ absorption p r o f i l e s are employed.

The o b j e c t i v e of t h i s experiment i s t o measure the

v a r i a t i o n of t h e absolute bltrightness of t h e Sodium D l i n e s
(5890 angstroms and 5896 angstroms) and t h e atomic oxygen
green l i n e (5577 angstroms) during t h e day, t w i l i g h t and night
airglows.
Global measurements of t h e a l t i t u d e and the content of
t h e sodium layer should elucidate many problems related t o
dust i n f l u x , sporadic-E, noctilucent clouds, atmospheric air-
culation, and atmpspheric chemistry.

-more -
 -22-

The instrument i s a photometer w i t h a scann%ngmirror

(similar t o t h e Airglow and Auroral Emission photometer) and
views out the s i d e of the observatory main body.
Low Energy Auroral Particles (NASA/GSPC -. D, S. Evans)
The o b j e c t i v e of t h i s experiment is t o measure w i t h
high energy r e a o l u t i o n the spectrum of a u r o r a l p a r t i c l e s
over the energy range 0.7 Kev t o 20 Kev and t o i n v e s t i g a t e
the v a r i a t i o n s in down f l u x of these particles.
The experiment uses eight channel e l e c t r o n m u l t i p l i e r
p a r t i c l e detectors located on the end of a short boom. One of
these provides background measurements while t h e remaining seven
d e t e c t low energy charged p a r t i c l e s . The experiment is o r i e n t e d
80 as t o measure parkicles precipitated a t high l a t i t u d e s . Five
of t h e seven a c t i v e d e t e c t o r s measure charged p a r t i c l e s (either
e l e c t r o n s ox1 protons as selected by ground command) I n f e e d
energy bande, The plate voltage on t h e o t h e r two d e t e c t o r s
l a slowly swept as as t o o b t a i n a high r e s o l u t i o n scan over
t h e energy spectrum 0.7 Kev t o 20 Kev.
To o b t a i n high r e s s l u t i o n energy spectra I n o r near t h e
auroral zone, data acquired by ehese d e t e c t o r s are s t o r e d on
a n experimenter provided tape recorder. Tape recorder playback
is through the Observatory Speclial Purpose Telemetry System,

me QbJectiW38 Of t h i s erinient are (1) t o discover the

mechanism by which e l e c t r o n s are precipitated into the atmosphere
a t values of' two and greater; (2) to understand t h e r e l a t i a n a h i p
between parClePe p r e c i p i t a t i o n and p a r t i c l e t r a p p i n g i n t h e
o u t e r r a d i a t i o n zone; (3) t o relate the phenomenon of p a r t i c l e
p r e c i p i t a t i o n t o the s t r u c t u r e of the magnetosphere, p a r t i c u -
l a r i l y w i t h t h e n e u t r a l point on t h e day side and t h e extended
t a i l on the n i g h t side; and ( 4 ) to c o r r e l a t e p a r t i c l e p r e c i p i -
t a t i o n with o t h e r time-varying phenomena, such as l o c a l magnetic
and e l e c t r i c f i e l d v a r i a t i o n s , large-scale geomagnetic d i s t u r -
bances, and a u r o r a l d i s p l a y s .
The instrumentation consists of six s c i n t i l l a t o r
photomultiplier e l e c t r o n d e t e c t o r s t o observe d i r e c t i o n s and
f l u x intensities i n t h e range 45 t o 1200 Kev. Five of the 6
detectors are configured t o accept a r r i v i n g p a r t i c l e s i n a +4
degree cone; $he s i x t h is an omni-directional detector, The
experiment i s mounted on t h e end of a s h o r t boom.

-more-
 -23-

Trapped and P r e c i p i t a t e d E1eci;rons (NASAIGSFC - D, J. W i l l i a m s )

The primary o b j e c t i v e of t h i s experiment i s to s t u d y
the temporal and spatial behavior of medium t o high energy
e l e c t r o n s a t l a w a l t i t u d e s in the o u t e r zone and t o c o r r e l a t e
t h i s information w i t h f l a r s t u d i e s made during s
mum. The experiment m int ties of tr
precipitated electrons i n gy range 40 Kev t

Measurements are obt;ained w i t h seven solid-stage detectors,

mounted i n a s h i e l d i n g head a t the end of a s h o r t boom. Four
of t h e seven d e t e c t o r s are used t o measure t r a p p e d e l e c t r o n s and
the remaining three ape employed f o r p r e c i p i t a t i o n and back-
s c a t t e r i n g measurements.

The o b j e c t i v e of t h i s experiment i s t o examine t h e

longitude, l a t i t u d e and time v a r i a t i o n of t h e neutron alpbedo
f l u x , and t o study r e l a t i o n s h i p s w i t h e n e r g e t i c p a r t i c l e trap-
ping, The instrument m n s i s t s of a neutron d e t e c t o r mounted
approximately 25 f e e t from t h e observatory on a long boom.
The neutron d e t e c t o r monitors the t o t a l neutron f l u x i t h e
energy i n t e r v a l t w o Mev to 10 Mev and consists of a He pra- 3
p o r t i o n a l counter encased i n a s c i n t i l l a t o r material which i s
a moderator f o r f a s t neutrons. The moderator i s surrounded by
charged-particle counters t o "gate-off" the neutron counter
whenever a charged p a r t i c l e e n t e r s t h e moderator, T h i s reduces
t h e e f f e c t s of t o t a l neutron production w i t h i n t h e d e t e c t i n g
system.
Low Energy S o l a r Cosmfc Rays (McDonnell-Douglas Aeronautios
Gorp,,- Santz Monica, C a l i f , , -
A, J, Masley]
The o b j e c t i v e of k h i s experiment i s t o i n v e s t i g a t e s o l a r
cosmic, rays; $0 relate t h e remles t o s o l a r and ionospheric
s t u d i e s , and to c a l i b r a t e ground-based multifrequency siometer
stat;ions.
The d e t e c t o r i s designed t o measure the f l u x and energy
level of low energy protons ( f i v e t o 80 Mev) and alpha p a r t i c l e s
(20 t o 150 MeV) ov r an i n t e n s i t range from less than galactic
background t o 3x104 particles/cm~-sec-steP. The sensor unit
t o t h e d e t e c t o r uses two semiconductor p a r t i c l e d e t e c t o r s
arranged i n t h e form of a telescope,
S o l a r and Galactic Cosmic Rays (CIT - E,C. Stone)
T h i s experiment will study t h e a c c e l e r a t i o n and i n j e c t I a n
Qf high-energy particles by t h e Sun, and their atorage and pro-
pagation i n i n t e r p l a n e t a r y space; the nature of' t h e small
f l u x e s of solar p a r t i c l e s t h a t produce p o l a r cap absorption;
and t h e shapes of t h e g a l a c t i c proton, alpha, and e l e c t r o n
spectra and t h e i r v a r i a t i o n under s o l a r modulation.
-more-
 The e x p e r b e n t uses three charged p a r t i c l e telescopes
located i n the observatory main body. The f i r s t i s an energy
loss-range telescope c o n s i s t i n g of seven s o l i d sta$e d e t e c t o r s ,
separated by various absorbers, arranged i n a s i n g l e s t a c k and
surrounded on t h e s i d e by a p l a s t i c s c i n t i l l a t o r anti-coin-
cidence counter. This telescope w i l l measure t h e d i f f e r e n t i a l
energy spectra of protons (0.4 t o 300 M w ) ~ alpha p a r t i c l e s
(0.4 t o 1200 Mev,) and e l e c t r o n s (1 t o 1000 Mew).
The second i s an energy Poas Cerenkov telescope which
d e t e c t s p a r t i c l e s a r r i v i n g within a cone of 35 degrees h a l f -
angle w i t h respect t o the v e r t i c a l and analyzes them f o r energy
loss i n a solid state d e t e c t o r and v e l o c i t y i n a quartz Cerenkov
Radiator. - D i f f e r e n t i a l energy spectra of protons (350 t o 100
Epev) alpha p a r t i c l e s (1400 t o 4000 Mev) and f o r L i , Be, B, C y
M, and 0 p a r t i c l e s will be obtained.
The t h i r d i s an energy loss telescope which d e t e c t s
p a r t i c l e s a r r i v i n g within a cone of 4.5 degrees half-angle w i t h
respect tQthe v e r t i c a l and a l s o analyzes them f o r energy loss i n
8 solid s t a t e d e t e c t o r , This telescope w i l l provide information
.
on large a o l a r flares (protons: 17 t o 100 Mev; Alpha p a r t i c l e s :
70 t o 1400 Mev)

Magnetic F i e l d Measurements (NASA/GSFC - J, C, Cain)

The o.bjectivet of t h i s experiment is t h e understanding
of the physical processes c r e a t i n g and a l t e r i n g the main geo-
magnetic f i e l d and the sources external t o the E a r t h ' s surface
contributing t o the ambient f i e l d i n the F-layer. If possible,
g r o s s f e a t u r e s of surface magnetic anomalies will be located
and mapped f o r u s e by geologists. The e x t e r n a l sources t o be
i n v e s t i g a t e d include t i d a l o s c i l l a t i o n s of the lonosphsrpe by
t h e g r a v i t a t i o n a l g r a d i e n t s of the Sun and Moon ( l u n i s o l a r
magnetic v a r i a t i o n s ) and d i u r n a l changes on q u i e t days (SqlO
During periods of magnetic disturbance, the e f f e c t of trapped
plasma and v a r i a t i o n s i n t h e e x t e r n a l pressure on the magneta-
sphere will be evaluated (Dst/DS). One of the main functions
of t h e analysis will be t o separate the magnetic v a r i a t i o n s
seen a t t h e Earth's surface that arise from the ionosphere
from those w i t h sources i n t h e trapping and boundary regions.
Other e f f e c t s such as l o n g i t u d i n a l p u l s a t l o n s in f i e l d
and e l e c t r , o j e t s (auroral and e q u a t o r i a l ) am t o be investigated
and c o r r e l a t e d w i t h other experimental data on the spacecraft,

-more-
 -25-

The d e t e c t o r c o n s i s t s of two Rubidium vapor magneto-

meters which measure t o t a l a c l a r magnetic f i e l d . I n addition,
t h e RubidLum Frequency divided by f o u r i s t on Special
Purpose Telemetry t o allow study of smaller pulsa-
t i o n 8 by sp la1 tachniques. The twin-cell mag ters are
mounted a t e end of a Bong boom s u f f i c i e n t l y far from t h e
main body that the i n t e r f e r e n c e Is less than 1 g a m . n e o v e r a l l
accuracy of? the measurement i s of t h i s order.

The o b j e c t i v e of t h i s experiment is t o i n v e s t i g a t e
n a t u r a l magnetic f i e l d v a r i a t i o n s within t h e ionosphere
and lower magnetosphere i n the frequency range of 0.01 t o
1 MZ.
Signals o r i g i n a t i n g within o r above t h e ionosphere
have been detected at t h e Earth's 8wrface throughout t h i s
frequency range. Several species of micropulsations are
known t o e x i s t below 1 Hz, and hydromagnetic emissions Between
one and f i v e Hz have been found to e x h i b i t a complex frequency-
t i m e behavior, A t higher frequencies and a t high latitudes,
auroral zone emissions ( i n bands below 500 Hz and from 500 t o
1500 Hz) and extremely l o w frequency w h i s t l e r s have been ob-
served.
Consequently, the r e l a t i o n between time-varying magnetic
fields, charged p a r t i c l e v a r i a t i o n s and electromagnetic radia-
t i o n i n , o r near, t h e auroral zone w i l l be of s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t .
The instrumentation c o n s i s t s of a t r i a x i a l search c o i l
magnetometer located a t the end of a long boom. Each sensor
output represents the instantaneous amplitude of the f l u c t u a t i n g
component of t h e ambient magnetic f i e l d i n t e n s i t y a t frequencies
between 0.01 and 1200 hz.
E l e c t r i c F i e l d Measurements (NASA/GSFC - T. L, Agqson)
This experiment provides one dimensional measurement
of ambient e l e c t r i c f i e l d i n t e n s i t i e s and of f i e l d gradients
i n t h e Ionosphere. The e l e c t r i c f i e l d i n t e n s i t i e s which may
cause a u r o r a l and high geomagnetic l a t i t u d e e l e c t r i c uurrent
w i l l a1so be measured, Time dependent field i n t e n s i t y changes
w i l l be studied which are magnetic f i e l d aligned i r r e g u l a r i t i e s ,
plasma waves and/or irregular magnetic f l u c t u a t i o n s ,
The experiment c o n s i s t s of two 3 6 ) m f O O t antennas which
a c t as e l e c t r i c field sensors, The antenna and preamplifiers
are mounted at; t h e e x t r e m i t i e s of the two solar arrays.
-more-
 -26-

The primary o b j e c t i v e s of t h i s experiment are t h e measure-

ment of t h e p o l a r i z a t i o n , wave-normal d i r e c t i o n , and t h e elec-
tPlc/magnetic (E/N) r a t i o of s i g n a l s in the frequency range
38 HZ t o 30 M e .
The secondary o b j e c t i v e s include t h e measurement of
antenna impedance and c u r r e n t w i t h and without bias, t h e
measurement of t h e phase and amplitude of V'LF t r a n s m i t t e r
s i g n a l s , t h e me surement of t h e integrated n a t u r a l VLF noise.,
and the measurement of the observed ion-gyrofrequency w h i s t l e r s ,
The l a t t e r measurements w i l l be compared w i t h the data observed
by ion probeg and w i t h t h e magnetometer observations.
The sensors c o n s i s t s of three m u t u a l l y perpendicular
magnetic loop antennas and one e l e c t r i c dipole located a t the
end of a.long boom. signals from various inputs a r e prepro-
cessed by phase s h i f t i ~and adding i n d i f f e r e n t combinations.
Various frequency bands w i t h widths of 120 Hz o r 2.4 kHz can
be s e l e c t e d In the frequency range 30 Hz t o 30 kHz,

The primary s c i e n t i f i c objective of t h e experiment i s

t o s t u d y t h e e l e c t r i c field of waves such as whistlers over
an. extended range of frequencies (10 Hz t o 295 kHz broadband;
200 and 540 lcHz narrowband). A secondary objective is t o
measure t h e irnpedance of t h e experiment's e l e c t r i c dipole antenna
a t several frequencies (8, 24, 104.5 and 285 kHz). Whistler
and emission data will be compared w i t h observations made s i m -
ultaneously a t a n e x i s t i n g network of w h i s t l e r s t a t i o n s , which
extend north-south from t h e Arctic t o t h e Antarctic (approxi-
mately along 65 degrees W. geographic longitude),
It 1s known that emission phenomena such as Chorus and
h i s s are related t o particle f l u x e s such as those observed under
a u r o r a l conditions, To i n c r e a s e understanding of these r e l a -
tionships, the measurements of t h i s experiment w i l l be c o r r e l a -
ted w i t h data obtained simultaneously v i a o t h e r experiments on
particle f l u x e s , Simultaneous data on e l e c t r o n d e n s i t y and
positive I o n composition w i l l be used f o r studying lower hybrid
resonance phenomena.
This e x p e r b e n t shares the two 3o-foot antenna of t h e
Electric F i e l d s Experiment.

-FIIOP+
 -27 -
MUNCH V.?3ffICI;E
The A370-po\r.nd OGO-P sa%e11i%e all b e launched w i t h
a Thorad-Agena into an elabiptlca3 orbit w i t h an apogee of
684 statute milies end a perigee of 249 miles. The o r b i t
w i l l be i n c l i n e d 82 degrees to t h e Equator and has a perlod
of 99.8 minutes. !
The launch veh?..cLe c o n s i s t s o f a Thorad first stage and
a n Agena-D second stage, The Thorad is a long tank version
Of t h e Thrust Au@;mentedThors (TATS) used t o launch previous
p o l a r Orbiting Geophyshcal Observatories. The greater b u r n
time made p o s s i b l e by increasing the p r o p e l l a n t capacity of t h e
Thor along w i t h increased burning t i m e for t h e three strap-on
sobid propeblant rocket motors makes i t p o s s i b l e t o boost
about 20 per cent more payload w i t h -the Thorad than tne
o r i g i n a l TAT. The Thorad carries approximately 45,000 pounds
of R J - l f u e l and IQ0,000 pounds of l i q u i d oxygen. The three
Thorad strap-an rocket motors provide 52,130 pounds of t h r u s t
for 37 seconds
Only one burn of t h e Agsna's 16,000-pound-thrust engine
IS nece%saW t o lace t h e OGO s racecraft i n the required
8
o r b i t . For t h e GO-P mission, !?he Agena carries approximately
3,837 pounds of U ~ (Unsymetrical
H dimethylhydrazine) f u e l
and 9,660 pounds of IRFNA ( I n h i b i t e d red fuming n i t r i c acid)
oxidizer.
The launch vehicle including t h e 18.7-foot fiberglass
clamshell shroud stands 3-09.5 f e e t high.
The Launch a n d o w for 0G0-F 1.8 selected t o allow t h e
spacecraft t o remain i n s u n l i g h t during i c s f i r s t 48 hours
i n space. To achieve t h i s objective, l i f t o f f i s scheduled
for l O : 3 2 a . m . EDl? on dune 5. The launch window closes a t
b l : 2 6 a.m. EDT t h a t day.

-more-
 -28-

000-E'TYPICAL SEQUENCE OP FLIGHT EVENTS

Event Seconds
After L l r t-of f
Lift-off 0

S t a r t f i r s t r o l l program 2 .CJ

Stop first r o l l program

p i t c h program
- start first 16.0

S o l i d motor burnout 38.6

Eject solid motors 102
Thorad Main Engine Cutoff 21? 9 .
Thorad Vernier Engine C u t o f f 228 9 .
Thorad-Agena separation 234 4
Transfer WECO steering commands t o Agena 235.7
Agena engine i g n i t i o n 28d. 1
Shroud separation 296.9
Agena engine c u t o f f 523 4
OGO-P separation 630 9 .
Begin Agena Yaw maneuver 533 5,
Complete Agena yaw maneuver 663.9

=more-
 -29-

COUNTDOWN MILESTONES POR THORABAOENA-D Oo-F LAUNCH

Event
7
Minutes
Countdown l n l t l a t l o n -595
Thorad preparation -595
WECO and Thorad telemetry checks -575
Destruct Checks T-525
S o l i d motor arming T-450
Gantry removal T-360
Agena tanking T-180
Agena pressurizat ion T-85
Countdown evaluation and start
terminal count T-60

-more-
-more-
 Thorad Phase
After l i f t o f f t h e 'Phorad-Agena vehicle rises v e r t i c a l l y
w i t h i t s main engine and three strap-on solid motors f i r i n g ,
S t a r t i n g a t approximately 2 seconds after l i f t o f f and contin-
uing u n t i l 16 seconds, the vehicle r o l l s t o the desired f l i g h t
azimuth of 187 degrees, The three s o l i d rocket motors provide
t h r u s t f o r approximately 39 seconds and are ejected a t about
102 seconds after l i f t o f f , During t h e booster rocket f l i g h t ,
a dog leg maneuver is necessary t o a t t a i n the 82-degree f i n a l
o r b i t i n c l i n a t i o n , This maneuver i s executed between 102
and 124 seconds after l i f t o f f ,
Main engine cutoff of t h e Thorad is commanded by the
WECO guidance system along with %he i n i t i a t i o n r>f' t h e Agerra
start sequence, A Thorad fuel depletion switch car1 also
command main engine c u t o f f ,
Agena Phase
Separation of t h e Agena stage i s i n l t i a t e d by a command
fron t h e MECO ground s t a t i o n , and s m a l l r e t r o r o c k e t s are fired
t o retard t h e f l i g h t of the Thorad, About 33 seconds later the
Agena and OGO-F spacecraft p i t c h maneuver is i n i t i a t e d . The
p i t c h maneuver i s completed i n 13 sec, and t h e Agena engine
is started, During t h e 237-second Agena burn period, s t e e r i n g
correction commands a r e t r a n s m i t t e d from t h e WECO ground
station.
A t T plus 297 seconds t h e nose fairing is j e t t i s o n e d .
And at T p l u s 523 secorrds t h e Agena main engine is s h u t dorm,

OGO Separation
IXxriAngt h e approximately lo7 seconds between Agena
engine cutoff and OGO separation, t h e v e h i c l e i s maintained
at an a t t i t u d e horizontal t o the Earth's surface,
Separation occurs a t T plus 631 seconds by firing
explosive b o l t s on t h e spacecraft adapter, Compressed sprfngs
then push the OGO spacecraft away f r o m t h e Agena stage at a
rate of about 4.5 feet per second,
A few seconds after separation, the Agena vehicle is
yawed 90 degrees t o t h e r i g h t so t h a t any r e s i d u a l p r o p e l l a n t
t h a t might be vented w i l l not contaminate t h e spacecraft and
w i l l tend t o increase tne separation of t h e two orbiLs,
 -32-

0G0-F ExPFJWlENTERS & EXPERIMENTS

Dr. G. W. Sharp Atmotspheric Density

Lookheed Missfle and Space Go.
Dr, A. F. N a g y Electron Temperature & Density
University o f Michigan
Dr, W e Be son Xonoepherlc Ducting
Southwest Center for Advanced
Studies
C. A. Reber Neutral Atmospheric Composition
Goddard Space F l i g h t Center
Dr. R. A. Pickett Atmospheric Ion Concentration
aoddard Space F l i g h t Center and Mass
Dr. W, Bo Hanson 1on Maas SpecLrometer
Southwest Center for Advanced
Studies
D r . D. Mc?Keown Energy Transfer Probe
Faraday Laboratories
R . W . Kreplin Solar X-Ray EWisslons
U. S. Naval Research Lab.
Dr. D. E, %do Solar W (160 t o 16008) Emissions
A i r Force Cambridge Research
Laboratories
Prof, V . H. Regener Solar Wosurvey (1,850 t o
University o f New Mexico 3,500 A)
P r o f . J, E. Blamont Airglow and Aurora Bnlssions
University of Paris
Dr. M. A. Clark Celestial Lyman-Alpha
Aerospace Corpora$ion
Prof. C. A , B a ~ e h UV Photometer
University o f Colorado
0
J , E, Blamont
Prof'. 6,300 A Airglow Emission
University of Paris

-more-
 -33-

Dr. D. S. Evans Low-Energy Auroral P a r t i c l e s

Ooddard Space F l i g h t Center
Prof', T, A. Parley Trerpped and Precipitated Electrons
University of' California a t (45 t o 1,200 kev)
I;os Angelea

D r , D. J. W i l l i a m s T r a ped and P r e c i p i t a t e d Electrons

Goddard Space F l i g h t Center (PO kev t o 2 mev)
Prof, J. A. Lockwood Neutron Monitor
University o f New Hampshire
Dr. A. J. Maaley Low-Energy Solar Cosmic Rays
.
McDonnell-Douglas Astronautlca
co
Prof, E. C , Stone Solar and Galactic Cosmic Rays
California I n s t i t u t e of Tech-
no logy
Dr. J. C. Cain Magnetic Field Measurements
Goddard Space F l i g h t Center
Dr. E. J, Smith Magnetic Field Fluctuations
J e t Propulsion Laboratory
Dr. T. L. Aggson E l e c t r i c F i e l d Measurements
aoddard Space P l i g h t Center
P r o f . R. A. H e l l i w e l l VLF Polarization and Wave
Stanford University Normal Director
Prof', T. Laaspere Whistler and Low Frequency
Dartmouth College E l e c t r i c Fields
P r o f . T. M. Donahue Sodium Airglow
University of Pittsburgh

-more -
 -34-

OCCO-F PRO(IRAM T E A M

The following key o f f i c i a l s are responsible for the

Orbiting Geophysical Observatory s a t e l l i t e program:
NASA Headquarters
Dr. John E. Naugle, Asaroclate A d m h l a t r a t o r f o r Space
Science and Applications
Jesse Mitchell, Director, Phyarlcs and Astronomy Programs
Thomas L. Flschettl, Cleophyslcal Observatories Program
Manager
D r . Robert F. Fellows, OClO-F Program S c i e n t i s t
W i l l i a m L. Lovejoy, Age= Program Manager
Q , M. Tmrszynskl, Associate Administrator for Tracking
and Data Acqulsltion
NASA Qoddard Space F l i g h t Center
Dr. John F. Clark, Director
Wilfred E. S c u l l , 000 Project Manager
Nelson W. Spencer, 0 0 - F Project S c i e n t i s t
NASA L e w i s Research Center
Seymour C. Hlmmel, Assistant Director for Launch V e h i c l e s
H, Warren Plohr, Age- Project Manager
Roger S, Palmer, OW-F Mission Engineer
Prime Contractor

.
Spacecraft design, development, fabrlcatlon and t e s t ,
TRW Systems, Inc, , Redondo Beach, Calif

-more-
 -35-

MaJor Suboontractors
Battery Cells -0 (3ulton Industries, Inc., Hetuchen, N.J.
Gyroscopes -- Minneapolis-Honeywell Corp., Boston, Mass.
Horizon Scanners --
American Standard, Advanced Technology
Division, Mountain V i e w , Calif.
Power Converters -- ITT Industrial Products D l v . , San
Fernando, Calif'.
Reaction Wheels 0- Bendix Eclipse Pioneer Dlv., Teterboro,
N.J.
Solar Cell Module8
Calif.
-- TRW Systems, Inc., Redondo Beach,

Solar Cells -- Hoftman Electronics Corp., El Monte, Calif,

Static Inverters -- Kinetics Corp., Solana Beach, Calif.
Tape Recorders -0 RCA Astro-Electponics Division, Princeton,
N e J.
Tape Transporters (In Ground Support Equipment)
Corp., Redwood City, Calif.
-- Ampex

-end-