Electrical Engineering Dpt. Sub.

: Satellite Communication
Name: Ahmed Jameel PhD courses / Comm. Eng
Laith Wajeeh Date 25/11/2018
Qasim Hadi

Gunn Oscillators: are solid state microwave energy generators. These consists
of waveguide cavity flanged on one end and micrometer driven plunger fitted on
the other end. A gunn-diode is mounted inside the Wave guide with BNC
connector for DC bias. Each Gunn oscillator is supplied with calibration
certificate giving frequency vs micrometer reading.

Magic Tee: is a combination of E and H plane Tee. Consists of a section of

wave guide in both series and shunt wave guide arms, mounted at the exact
midpoint of main arm. Both ends of the section of wave guide and both arms are
flanged on their ends. Arm 3 forms an H-plane tee with arms 1 and 2. Arm 4
forms an E-plane tee with arms 1 and 2.

E - PLANE TEE: E - plane tee are series type T - junction and consists of
three section of wave guide joined together in order to divide or compare power
levels. The signal entering the first port of this T - junction will be equally
dividing at second and third ports of the same magnitude but in opp. Phase.

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Electrical Engineering Dpt. Sub. : Satellite Communication
Name: Ahmed Jameel PhD courses / Comm. Eng
Laith Wajeeh Date 25/11/2018
Qasim Hadi

H - PLANT TEE: Like in E-plane tee, the signal fed through first port of H –
plane Tee will be equally divided in magnitude at second and third ports but in
same phase.

DIRECTIONAL COUPLERS: For monitoring purposes and for measuring

reflections and impedance. These consists of a section of Wave guide with
addition on of a second parallel section of wave guide thus making it a four port
network. However, the fourth port is terminated with a matched load.

Circulators: are matched three port devices and these are meant for allowing
Microwave energy to flow in clockwise direction with negligible loss but almost
no transmission in the anticlockwise direction.

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Electrical Engineering Dpt. Sub. : Satellite Communication
Name: Ahmed Jameel PhD courses / Comm. Eng
Laith Wajeeh Date 25/11/2018
Qasim Hadi

Isolators: The three port circulators may be converted into isolators by

terminating one of its port into matched load. These will work over the frequency
range of circulators. These are well matched devices offering low forward
insertion loss and high reverse isolation.

Klystron: is a specialized linear-beam vacuum tube, which is used as an

amplifier for high radio frequencies, from UHF up into the microwave range.
Low-power klystrons are used as oscillators in terrestrial microwave relay
communications links, while high-power klystrons are used as output tubes in
UHF television transmitters, satellite communication, radar transmitters, and to
generate the drive power for modern particle accelerators.

The cavity magnetron: is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates

microwaves using the interaction of a stream of electrons with a magnetic field
while moving past a series of open metal cavities (cavity resonators). Electrons
pass by the openings to these cavities and cause radio waves to oscillate within,
similar to the way a whistle produces a tone when excited by an air stream blown
past its opening.

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Electrical Engineering Dpt. Sub. : Satellite Communication
Name: Ahmed Jameel PhD courses / Comm. Eng
Laith Wajeeh Date 25/11/2018
Qasim Hadi

Traveling-Wave Tube amplifier: is a specialized vacuum tube that is used

in electronics to amplify radio frequency (RF) signals in the microwave range.
The TWT belongs to a category of "linear beam" tubes, such as the klystron, in
which the radio wave is amplified by absorbing power from a beam of electrons
as it passes down the tube. Although there are various types of TWT, two major
categories are:

Helix TWT: in which the radio waves interact with the electron beam while
traveling down a wire helix which surrounds the beam. These have wide
bandwidth, but output power is limited to a few hundred watts.
Coupled cavity TWT: in which the radio wave interacts with the beam in a
series of cavity resonators through which the beam passes. These function as
narrowband power amplifiers.

4
Electrical Engineering Dpt. Sub. : Satellite Communication
Name: Ahmed Jameel PhD courses / Comm. Eng
Laith Wajeeh Date 25/11/2018
Qasim Hadi

Attenuator: is an electronic device that reduces the power of a signal without

appreciably distorting its waveform. An attenuator is effectively the opposite of
an amplifier, though the two work by different methods. While an amplifier
provides gain, an attenuator provides loss, or gain less than 1.

Phase Shifter: is a microwave network module which provides a controllable

phase shift of the RF signal. Phase shifters are used in phased arrays.

The cross directional: coupler is an arrangement of two waveguides, which

are connected together with coupling holes. It represents a special type of
waveguide coupler and can be used for reflectometer measurements. The cross
directional coupler can be disassembled.