ENGINEERING REVIEW CENTER

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STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING 6. Which of the following most nearly gives the tension in cable AD?
& CONSTRUCTION A. 7.84 kN B. 11.32 kN
C. 26.13 kN D. 60.95 kN
1. Which term refers to the ability of a material to deform in the plastic 7. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at B?
range without breaking? (CE NOV 2016) A. 18.10 kN B. 25.08 kN
A. Stiffness B. Resilience C. 60.95 kN D. 65.91 kN
C. Ductility D. Elasticity
SOLUTION:
ANSWER: C. Ductility

2. Liquifaction is best described as: (CE MAY 2018)

A. a decrease in the pore water pressure of a soil
B. an increase in the effective stress of a soil
C. a sudden drop in the shear strength of a soil
D. an increase in the bearing capacity of a soil

ANSWER: C. a sudden drop in the shear strength of a soil

3. A mass hangs on two parallel springs with different spring constants

(stiffness).
Spring 1 k1 = 25 kN/m
Spring 2 k2 = 20 kN/m
yA
Determine the total composite spring constant. (CE MAY 2018) tan  60  
A. 11.11 kN/m B. 5 kN/m 6
C. 12.73 kN/m D. 45 kN/m yA  6 3 m

SOLUTION: Coordinates of points:

Total composite spring constant for springs in parallel: 
A 6, 6 3, 0  B  0, 0, 0 
k12  k1  k 2
C  4.5, 0, 2.6  D  3, 0, -6 
k12  20  25
k12  45 kN/m Components of tensile force at C:
Cx Cy Cz C
ANSWER: D. 45 kN/m   
dx dy dz d
dx
4. A 2 kg mass is supported by three springs connected in series. The dx  4.5  6  10.5 Cx  C     0.7000C
spring constants are 4.2 kN/m, 3.8 kN/m, and 3.5 kN/m respectively. d
Determine the natural period of vibration. dy  0  6 3  6 3 dy
Cy  C     0.6928C
A. 0.8827 s B. 0.2493 s dz  2.6  0  2.6 d
C. 0.4012 s D. 0.1269 s
d
d  dx 2  dy 2  dz2  15.0003 Cz  z C     0.1733C
SOLUTION: d

Springs in series: Components of tensile force at D:

1 1 1 1 Dx Dy Dz D
     
k k1 k 2 k 3 dx dy dz d
dx
D     0.6D
1 1 1 1 dx  3  6  9
   Dx 
k 4.2 3.8 3.5 d
k  1.2707 kN/m dy  0  6 3  6 3 dy
Dy  D     0.6928D
Natural period of vibration: dz  6  0  6 d
d
T  2
m
 2
2 d  dx 2  dy 2  dz2  15 Dz  z D     0.4D
d
k 1.2707  103
T  0.2493 second Tension in cables AC and AD:
 Mx  0
ANSWER: B. 0.2493 s
Cy  2.6   Dy  6   0
SITUATION I. (CE NOV 2013) 0.6928C  2.6   0.6928D  6   0  EQ1
The homogeneous boom AB shown in Figure ME-SNCNP-201 weighs 35
kN and is supported by a ball-and-socket joint at C and two cables AC and  Mz  0
AD.
Cy  4.5   Dy  3   35  3 
0.6928C  4.5   0.6928D  3   35  3   EQ2

Solve EQ1 and EQ2:

C  TAC  26.1308 kN
D  TAD  11.3234 kN

ANSWER: D. 26.13 kN
ANSWER: B. 11.32 kN
Reaction at B:
Bx  Cx  Dx  0.7000C  0.6D
Bx  25.0856 kN
By  Cy  Dy  35  0.6928C  0.6928D  35
By  60.9483 kN
Bz  Cz  Dz  0.1733C  0.4D
5. Which of the following most nearly gives the tension in cable AC? Bz  0
A. 6.79 kN B. 11.32 kN
C. 18.29 kN D. 26.13 kN
CIVIL ENGINEERING – FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019 MDSD ☺
STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

SITUATION III. (CE DEC 2014)

RB  Bx 2  By 2  Bz2 An archer is aiming to release an arrow from a bow as shown in Figure
RB  65.9089 kN SM-ALAD-035. As the archer pulls the string, he applies a 500 N force. For
this problem, the given distances are: a = 300 mm, b = 400 mm, and c =
ANSWER: D. 65.91 kN 200 mm.

SITUATION II. (CE MAY 2014, CE NOV 2015)

A rigid bar AB is hinged at A and is supported by a steel rod at C. The rod
is 36 mm diameter in cross-section and is pin-connected at D as shown in
Figure SM-ASDM-501. Modulus of elasticity of the rod is E = 200 GPa.

11. Which of the following most nearly gives the resulting tension in the
upper cord?
A. 497.33 N B. 556.29 N
C. 413.82 N D. 515.08 N
8. If the vertical displacement of the loaded end at B of the bar is 3 mm, 12. Which of the following most nearly gives the resulting tension in the
which of the following most nearly gives the load W? lower cord?
A. 203.58 kN B. 184.15 kN A. 479.16 N B. 569.21 N
C. 106.22 kN D. 135.72 kN C. 431.46 N D. 517.49 N
9. If the load W = 100 kN, which of the following most nearly gives the 13. If the unstretched length of the string is 750 mm, which of the
tensile stress developed in the rod? following most nearly gives the average normal strain in the string
A. 65.49 MPa B. 147.37 MPa when it is stretched in the position shown?
C. 212.21 MPa D. 294.73 MPa A. 0.667 B. 0.714
10. If the allowable stress in the rod is 124 MPa, which of the following C. 0.015 D. 0.077
most nearly gives the maximum load W?
A. 84.14 kN B. 126.22 kN SOLUTION:
C. 189.32 kN D. 42.07 kN

SOLUTION:
If the vertical displacement of the loaded end at B of the bar is 3 mm,
which of the following most nearly gives the load W:
CD 3 mm

2m 3m
CD  2 mm

PCD  2000 
CD  2 

4
 36 2  200000 
PCD  203575.204 N  203.5752 kN

 MA  0 300
tan    
W  3   PCD  2   0 200
W  135.7168 kN   56.3099
400
ANSWER: D. 135.72 kN tan    
200
If the load W = 100 kN, which of the following most nearly gives the   63.4349
tensile stress developed in the rod:
 MA  0  FV  0
T1 sin   T2 sin   0
100  3   PCD  2   0
T1 sin  56.3099   T2 sin  63.4349   0  EQ1
PCD  150 kN

150000  FH  0
CD 
 T1 cos   T2 cos   500  0
 36 2
4 T2 cos  56.3099   T2 cos  63.4349   500  EQ2
CD  147.3657 MPa
Solve EQ1 and EQ2:
ANSWER: B. 147.37 MPa T1  515.0788 N
If the allowable stress in the rod is 124 MPa, which of the following T2  479.1574 N
most nearly gives the maximum load W:
ANSWER: D. 515.08 N
PCD 1000 
CD  124  ANSWER: A. 479.16 N

4
 36 2 Li  750 mm (unstretched)
PCD  126.2166 kN
Lf  300 2   200 2   400 2   200 2
 MA  0 L f  807.7687 mm
W  3   PCD  2   0
L L f  Li
W  84.1444 kN average  
Li Li
ANSWER: A. 84.14 kN average  0.07702

ANSWER: D. 0.077

ACERS Engineering Review Center, Baguio City MDSD ☺

STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

SITUATION IV. (CE NOV 1996) Maximum compressive stress at the base of the pole:
2
A steel rod 1 m long has a cross-sectional area of 100 mm . It is subjected P Mc
to an axial tensile force of 27 kN. Modulus of elasticity of the steel is 200 c   
A I
GPa.
1650 1000   2 
14. Which of the following most nearly gives the elongation of the steel 250
rod? c  
6239.7674
  
 
A.
C.
1.35 mm
1.50 mm
B.
D.
1.10 mm
1.65 mm 4
 250 
2
64
 250 
4

15. Which of the following most nearly gives the stiffness of the rod? c  1.2027 MPa
A. 18000 kN/m B. 20000 kN/m
C. 25000 kN/m D. 32000 kN/m ANSWER: B. 1.203 MPa
16. Which of the following most nearly gives the flexibility of the rod?
Maximum tensile stress at the base of the pole:
A. 0.05 mm/kN B. 0.03 mm/kN
P Mc
C. 0.04 mm/kN D. 0.06 mm/kN T   
A I

1650 1000   2 
SOLUTION: 250
Elongation of the steel rod: T  
6239.7674
  
 

PL
4
 250 
2
64
 250 
4

AE
c  0.9485 MPa

 27000 1000 
100  200000  ANSWER: D. 0.949 MPa
  1.35 mm Maximum shearing stress at the base of the pole:
ANSWER: A. 1.35 mm 4V
fvbase   circular
3A
Stiffness of the rod:
4  450 
P fvbase 
Stiffness   2
 3   250  
27000 4 
Stiffness  fvbase  0.0122231 MPa
1.35
Stiffness  20000 N/mm  20000 kN/m fvbase  12.2231 kPa
ANSWER: B. 20000 kN/m
ANSWER: C. 12.223 kPa
Flexibility of the rod:
SITUATION VI. (CE NOV 2003)
1
Flexibility  A composite structure is shown in Figure SM-VM-201.
Stiffness
1
Flexibility   1000
20000
Flexibility  0.05 mm/kN

ANSWER: A. 0.05 mm/kN

SITUATION V. (CE MAY 2012)

A solid circular pole has a height of 3 m and a diameter of 250 mm. The
pole carries a compressive load of 3000 N at an eccentricity of 100 mm
and a lateral force of 450 N at its top. The unit weight of the pole is 22
3
kN/m .
17. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum compressive
stress at the base of the pole?
A. 1.143 MPa B. 1.203 MPa
C. 1.039 MPa D. 0.949 MPa
18. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum tensile stress
at the base of the pole? 20. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at C?
A. 1.143 MPa B. 1.203 MPa A. 115.37 kN B. 176.15 kN
C. 1.039 MPa D. 0.949 MPa C. 221.52 kN D. 240.81 kN
19. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shearing 21. Which of the following most nearly gives the shear at a section 7 m
stress at the base of the pole? from A?
A. 9.485 kPa B. 11.833 kPa A. 53.33 kN B. 66.49 kN
C. 12.223 kPa D. 13.667 kPa C. 70.51 kN D. 80.25 kN
22. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at a section 3 m
SOLUTION: from A?
A. 70.00 kN-m B. 155.00 kN-m
C. 271.80 kN-m D. 428.86 kN-m

SOLUTION:
Reaction at C:
 FV  0
1
CV  50   8.50 15   0
2
CV  113.75 kN
 ME  0

8.5 15    8.5   0

1 2
CH  5   50  8.5  5.5  
2 3 
CH  212.25 kN
 
P  3000  22000   0.25   3   6239.7674 N RC  CH2  CV 2  240.8093 kN
2

4 
ANSWER: D. 220.81 kN
M  450 3  3000 0.1  1650 N-m

ACERS Engineering Review Center, Baguio City MDSD ☺

STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

Shear at section 7 m from A: SOLUTION:

y 15 Maximum reaction at the support:

7 8.5 Place the largest load at support B where maximum reaction
y  12.3529 kN/m occurs:
1
V  CV   7  y 
2
V  70.5147 kN
ANSWER: C. 70.51 kN

Moment at section 3 m from A:

5
tan  
5.5  MA  0
  42.2737 35.6  20.7   142.4  25   RB  25   0
EH  FDE  CH  212.25 kN
RB  Rmax  171.8768 kN
FAD  cos   FDE
ANSWER: C. 171.88 kN
FAD  286.8476 kN
Resultant of the two moving loads and its location:
M  FAD  sin   50  3 
M  428.8636 kN-m
ANSWER: D. 428.86 kN-m

SITUATION VII. (CE MAY 2011)

A cantilever retaining wall 9 m high is subjected to an active pressure
varying uniformly from 0 kN/m at the top to 52 kN/m at the bottom. The
flexural rigidity of the wall is constant.
R  F
23. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear on the
wall? R  P1  P2  178 kN
A. 234 kN B. 243 kN
C. 324 kN D. 342 kN R  x   35.6  4.3 
24. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum moment on the x  0.86 m
wall?
A. 1026 kN-m B. 972 kN-m Maximum moment in the girder:
C. 739 kN-m D. 702 kN-m Place the load such that the midpoint between the resultant and
25. If the wall is fixed at the top, which of the following most nearly gives the largest load coincides with the midspan of the girder:
the moment at the base of the wall?
A. 280.80 kN-m B. 210.60 kN-m
C. 97.20 kN-m D. 140.40 kN-m

SOLUTION:
Maximum shear on the wall:
1
Vmax   9  52 
2
Vmax  234 kN st
1 :
 MA  0
ANSWER: A. 234 kN
 x
R  12.5    RB  25   0
Maximum moment on the wall:  2
1 1  RB  85.9384 kN
Mmax   9  52    9 
2 3 
Maximum moment in the girder occurs under the maximum load:
Mmax  702 kN-m
Mmax   Mright
ANSWER: D. 702 kN-m  x  0.86 
Mmax  RB  12.5    85.9384 12.5  
If the wall is fixed at the top, moment at the of the wall:  2  2 
Mmax  1037.2765 kN-m
wL2  52 9 
2
Mbase   nd
20 20 2 :
 210.60 kN-m RL  Wsmaller dwheel 2 178  25    35.6  4.3 
2
Mbase
Mmax  
ANSWER: B. 210.60 kN-m 4RL 4 178  25 
Mmax  1037.2765 kN-m
SITUATION VIII. (CE NOV 2016)
A simply supported girder of a bridge spans 25 m. The standard truck load ANSWER: A. 1037.28 kN-m
(H load) consists of 2 moving loads, P 1 = 35.6 kN and P2 = 142.4 kN, and
are 4.3 m apart. Maximum shear at midspan:
26. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum reaction at the Use Influence Line Diagram:
support?
A. 82.88 kN B. 103.88 kN
C. 171.88 kN D. 285.88 kN
27. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum moment in the
girder? (Hint: maximum moment in the girder occurs under the
maximum load)
A. 1037.28 kN-m B. 1171.88 kN-m
C. 985.67 kN-m D. 584.44 kN-m
28. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear at
midspan?
A. 82.88 kN B. 103.88 kN y 0.50

C. 171.88 kN D. 285.88 kN 8.2 12.5
y  0.328

Vmax  142.4  0.50   35.6  0.328 

Vmax  82.8768

ANSWER: A. 82.88 kN

ACERS Engineering Review Center, Baguio City MDSD ☺

STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

SITUATION IX. (CE MAY 2015) SOLUTION:

A 3-m high cantilever wall is subjected to lateral earth pressure that varies
uniformly from 3 kPa at the top to 54 kPa at the base. Assume flexural
rigidity of the wall is constant. Consider 1-m length of wall.
29. Which if the following most nearly gives the moment of the base of the
cantilever retaining wall?
A. 75 kN-m B. 90 kN-m
C. 105 kN-m D. 120 kN-m
30. If the wall is braced at the top, which of the following most nearly
gives the maximum shear in the wall?
A. 86.175 kN B. 48.825 kN
C. 66.825 kN D. 104.175 kN
31. If the wall is braced at the top, which of the following most nearly
gives the maximum moment in the wall?
A. 16.975 kN-m B. 33.975 kN-m
C. 46.025 kN-m D. 59.025 kN-m
0.75
tan  
SOLUTION: 1.20
  32.0054
Moment of the base of the cantilever retaining wall
1  1 1  Axial stress on member AC
Mbase  3  3    3    51 3    3  At joint C:
2  2 3 
 FH  0
Mbase  90 kN-m
FAC  FBC  EQ1
ANSWER: B. 90 kN-m  FV  0
If the wall is braced at the top, maximum shear in the wall: FAC  sin    FBC  sin    20  EQ2
P   wR   w T
Solve EQ1 and EQ2:
PL3 wRL4 w TL4 FAC  FBC  18.8680 kN
 
3EI 8EI 30EI
FAC
Rtop  3   3  3 4   51 3 4  AC 
3
 A
3EI 8EI 30EI 18.8680 1000 
Rtop  18.675 kN  AC 
100 150 
1  AC  1.2579 MPa
Vmax  Vbase  3  3   513   Rtop
2
ANSWER: A. 1.26 MPa
Vmax  Vbase  66.825 kN
Minimum value of x:
ANSWER: C. 66.825 kN
At joint A:
If the wall is braced at the top, maximum moment in the wall: FACx  FAC  cos  
1  1 1  FACx  16 kN
Mmax  Mbase  3  3    3    51 3    3   Rtop  3 
2  2 3 
Mmax  Mbase  33.975 kN-m V FACx
/ /  
A A//
ANSWER: B. 33.975 kN-m
16 1000 
1.00 
SITUATION X. (CE MAY 2010, CE MAY 2015) 100  x 
The truss shown in Figure TD-T-145 is made up of Guijo 100 mm  150
x  160 mm
mm. It is loaded with a downward load of 20 kN at its apex.
ANSWER: A. 160 mm
Allowable Stresses
Shear parallel to grain = 1.00 MPa Minimum value of y:
Shear longitudinal for joints = 1.45 MPa FACx
Compression parallel to grain = 11 MPa / / 
A
Compression perpendicular to grain = 5 MPa 16 1000 
11 
100  y 
y  14.5455 mm

ANSWER: D. 14.55 mm

SITUATION XI.
A reinforced concrete girder section is subjected to the following basic
service moments:
Dead load = 256 kN-m
Live load = 170 kN-m
Wind load = 98 kN-m
Seismic load = 100 kN-m
Use the following load combinations:
U  1.4D  1.7L
32. Which of the following most nearly gives the axial stress on member U  0.75 1.4D  1.7L  1.7W 
AC? U  0.9D  1.3W
A. 1.26 MPa B. 2.19 MPa
U  1.32D  1.1 f1  L  1.1E
C. 0.87 MPa D. 1.70 MPa
33. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum value of x? U  0.99D  1.1E
A. 160 mm B. 130 mm 35. Which of the following gives the design factored moment if basic dead
C. 110 mm D. 180 mm load and live load combination governs?
34. Which of the following most nearly gives the minimum value of y? A. 610.50 kN-m B. 634.92 kN-m
A. 29.42 mm B. 21.69 mm C. 647.40 kN-m D. 660.33 kN-m
C. 18.70 mm D. 14.55 mm

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STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

36. Which of the following gives the design factored moment if wind load Where:
2
is to be considered aside from dead load and live load? L = reduced design live load per m of area supported by the
A. 357.80 kN-m B. 647.40 kN-m member
2
C. 363.44 kN-m D. 610.50 kN-m LO = unreduced design live load per m of area supported by the
37. Which of the following gives the design factored moment if all member (see Table 4-1)
applicable load combinations are considered? (Use f 1 = 1.0) KLL = live load element factor (see Table 4-2)
2
AT = tributary area in m
A. 647.40 kN-m B. 634.92 kN-m
C. 610.50 kN-m D. 660.33 kN-m Note:
L shall not be less than 0.50LO for members supporting one floor
SOLUTION: and L shall not be less than 0.40LO for members supporting two
or more floors.
Design factored moment if basic dead load and live load combination
governs: 38. Which of the following most nearly gives the axial load on an interior
U  1.4D  1.7L column at the second floor due to service live loads?
A. 205.68 kN B. 153.60 kN
Mu  1.4  256   1.7 170 
C. 82.27 kN D. 61.44 kN
Mu  647.40 kN-m 39. Which of the following most nearly gives the axial load on an interior
column at the ground floor due to service live loads?
ANSWER: C. 647.40 kN-m
A. 287.95 kN B. 215.04 kN
Design factored moment if wind load is to be considered aside from C. 205.68 kN D. 185.87 kN
dead load and live load: 40. Which of the following most nearly gives the total axial load on an
U  0.75 1.4D  1.7L  1.7W 
interior column at the ground floor?
A. 1431.04 kN B. 1359.71 kN
Mu  0.75 1.4  256   1.7 170   1.7  98   C. 1503.95 kN D. 1216.00 kN
Mu  610.50 kN-m
SOLUTION:
ANSWER: D. 610.50 kN-m
KLL = 4 (interior columns)
Design factored moment if all applicable load combinations are KLL AT   4 8  8  256 m2
considered:
Mu  1.4D  1.7L  647.50 kN-m  largest value governs Since KLL AT  37.16 m2 , therefore live load reduction is allowed

Mu  0.75 1.4D  1.7L  1.7W   610.50 kN-m Axial load on an interior column at the second floor due to service live
Mu  0.9D  1.3W  357.80 kN-m loads
Third floor:
Mu  1.32D  1.1 f1  L  1.1E  634.92 kN-m
 4.57 
Mu  0.99D  1.1E  363.44 kN-m L  2.4  0.25  
 256 
ANSWER: A. 647.40 kN-m L  1.2855 kPa  0.40LO  0.96 kPa

SITUATION XII. (CE NOV 2018) PLL  2nd floor   1.2855  8  8 

A three-storey building has interior columns spaced 8 m apart in two
perpendicular directions. PLL  2nd floor   82.272 kN
Given Loadings:
Dead Load: ANSWER: C. 82.27 kN
Roof slab = 5.0 kPa
Axial load on an interior column at the ground floor due to service live
Third floor = 7.0 kPa loads:
Second floor = 7.0 kPa Third floor:
Ground floor = 7.0 kPa
 4.57 
Live Load: L  2.4  0.25  
 256 
Roof slab = 0 kPa L  1.2855 kPa  0.40LO  0.96 kPa
Third floor = 2.4 kPa
Second floor = 6.0 kPa Second floor:
Ground floor = 7.0 kPa  4.57 
L  6.0  0.25  
NSCP PROVISION:  256 
L  3.2138 kPa  0.40LO  2.4 kPa
4.8 Reduction In Live Loads
PLL ground floor   1.2855  3.2138  8  8 
Except for roof uniform live loads, all other minimum uniformly
distributed live loads, L O in Table 4-1, may be reduced according to the
following provisions. PLL ground floor   287.952 kN
4.8.1 General
Subject to the limitations of Sections 4.8.2 through 4.8.5, ANSWER: A. 287.95 kN
2
members for which a value of KLLA T is 37.16 m or more are permitted to
be designed for a reduced live load in accordance with the f ollowing Total axial load on an interior column at the ground floor
formula: DL  5.0  7.0  7.0
 4.57  DL  19.0 kPa
L  LO  0.25  
 KLL A T  LL  0  1.2855  3.2138

LL  4.4993 kPa
Table 4-2 Live Load Element Factor, KLL
a
Ptotal ground floor   DL  LL  8  8 
Element KLL
Interior columns Ptotal ground floor   1503.952 kN
4
Exterior columns without cantilever slabs
Edge columns with cantilever slabs 3 ANSWER: C. 1503.95 kN
Corner columns with cantilever slabs
Edge beams without cantilever slabs 2 SITUATION XIII. (CE MAY 2016)
Interior beams A rectangular beam has a width of 300 mm, an overall depth of 450 mm,
All other members not identified including: and an effective depth of 380 mm. The beam is simply supported on a
Edge beams with cantilever slabs span of 5 m and carries a superimposed dead load of 16 kN/m and a live
Cantilever beams load of 14 kN/m. Concrete strength is f’c = 30 MPa and steel yield strength
One-way slabs 1 is fy = 415 MPa. Specific gravity of concrete is 2.4. The strength of the
Two-way slabs beam is based on the load combination U  1.4D  1.7L .
Members without provisions for continuous shear transfer 41. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum factored
normal to their span moment of the beam?
A. 167.93 kN-m B. 158.28 kN-m
a
In lieu of the preceeding values, KLL is permitted to be calculated. C. 141.92 kN-m D. 110.57 kN-m

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STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

42. If the design moment at ultimate loads is 200 kN-m, which of the SOLUTION:
following gives the required number of 16-mm diameter tension bars?
Diameter of column assuming  = 0.025:
A. 6 B. 7
C. 8 D. 9  
Pu    0.85  A g  1  g  0.85f 'c   gfy 

43. If the beam carries a factored concentrated load of 50 kN at midspan,
in addition to its own weight, which of the following gives the required 3500  10   0.75  0.85  A g 1  0.025  0.85  27    0.025  345  
3

number of 16-mm diameter tension bars?  2

A. 2 B. 3 A g  177095.9583  D
4
C. 4 D. 5 D  474.85  480 mm

SOLUTION: ANSWER: C. 480 mm

Maximum factored moment of the beam: Required number of 28-mm diameter bars:
wbeam   2.4  9.81 0.3  0.45 
 
Pu    0.85   A g  A s  0.85f 'c   A s fy 
 
wbeam  3.1784 kN/m
   
3500  103   0.75  0.85    480   A s   0.85  27   A s  345  
2
wDL  16  wbeam
wDL  19.1784 kN/m  4  
 2
wLL  14 kN/m A s  4152.3425  n   28  
 4 
wu  1.4wDL  1.7wLL n  6.74  7 pcs
wu  50.6498 kN/m
ANSWER: B. 7

wuL2  50.6498  5 
2
Required pitch of the spiral:
Mu  
8 8 Dcore  D  2  concrete cover   480  2  40 
Mu  158.2807 kN-m Dcore  400 mm
ANSWER: B. 158.28 kN-m
 
 Ag
0.45f 'c  0.45  27   4
 480 2 
If the design moment at ultimate loads is 200 kN-m, the required smin    1    1
number of 16-mm diameter tension bars: fy  A core   345   
 400 
2 

Muact  Mucap  4 
smin  0.01550
 1 A s fy 
Mu  A s fy d   
2 b  0.85f 'c   

   4  4 10  400  10
2
4A spiral Dcore  dspiral
 A s  415   s
smin  400 
1
200  106   0.9  A s  415  380   sDcore2 2

 2 300  0.85  30  
s  49.4179 mm

A s  1589.4822 mm2  n  16 
2
ANSWER: A. 49.42 mm
4
n  7.9054  8 pcs SITUATION XV. (CE MAY 2015)
ANSWER: C. 8 A T-section of a column is shown in Figure RCD-CPC-102. The lateral ties
are 10 mm  bars. Clear concrete cover to ties is 40 mm. Concrete
If the beam carries a factored concentrated load of 50 kN at midspan, compressive strength f’c = 27.5 MPa and steel yield strength fy = 415 MPa.
in addition to its own weight, the required number of 16-mm diameter Dimensions are as follows: b1 = 250 mm, b2 = 350 mm, h1 = 600 mm, and
tension bars: h2 = 300 mm

1.4wbeamL2 PuL 1.4  3.1784  5   50  5

2
Mu    
8 4 8 4
Mu  76.4057 kN-m

Muact  Mucap

 1 A s fy 
Mu  A s fy d   
 2 b  0.85f 'c  
 1 A s  415  
76.4057  106   0.9  A s  415  380   
 2 300  0.85  30  

A s  560.7805 mm2  n  16 
2
4
n  2.7891  3 pcs 47. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the geometric
centroid from the x-axis?
ANSWER: B. 3
A. 248.53 mm B. 238.24 mm
SITUATION XIV. (CE NOV 2015) C. 270.73 mm D. 0 mm
A short circular column, spirally reinforced, is to support a factored centric 48. Which of the following most nearly gives the distance of the plastic
load of 3500 kN. Use f’c = 27 MPa and fy = 345 MPa for both main and centroid from the x-axis?
spiral reinforcement. Concrete cover is 40 mm. Use 10 mm diameter spiral. A. 248.53 mm B. 238.24 mm
44. Assuming  = 0.025, which of the following most nearly gives the C. 270.73 mm D. 0 mm
diameter of column rounded up to the nearest 10 mm? 49. Which of the following most nearly gives the factored moment M u
A. 455 mm B. 465 mm induced by a factored load P u = 2900 kN acting at 35 mm from the x-
C. 480 mm D. 490 mm axis and parallel to the y-axis?
45. Which of the following most nearly gives the required number of 28- A. 284.12 kN-m B. 101.50 kN-m
mm diameter bars? C. 212.33 kN-m D. 248.56 kN-m
A. 6 B. 7
C. 9 D. 10 SOLUTION:
46. Which of the following most nearly gives the required pitch of the Distance of geometric centroid from x-axis:
spiral? yGC  0 mm
A. 49.42 mm B. 68.61 mm
C. 57.18 mm D. 65.44 mm ANSWER: D. 0 mm

Distance of plastic centroid from x-axis:

yPC  0 mm

ANSWER: D. 0 mm

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STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

Factored Moment: Excess superimposed load such that the resulting stress at the
Mu  Pu  ey bottom fibers of the double-tee at midspan is zero:
M c
Mu   2900  0.035  fbottomexcess  excess bot
I
Mu  101.50 kN-m

ANSWER: B. 101.50 kN-m 1.2458 

M excess  1 106  298  
1860  106
SITUATION XVI. (CE MAY 2012) Mexcess  7.7760 kN-m
The section of a double-tee joist is shown in Figure RCD-PCDT-204. The
joist is simply supported on a span of 8 m and is pretensioned with one
w excessL2
tendon in each stem with an initial force of 375 kN each. The loss of Mexcess 
prestress at service load is 18%. Service dead (including beam weight) and 8
w excess  8 
live loads are 2.5 kPa and 6.0 kPa, respectively. 2
7.7760 
Properties of Double-Tee 8
2
Area, A = 210,000 mm w excess  0.9720 kN/m  2.4
6 4
Moment of inertia, I = 186010 mm w excess  0.4050 kPa

ANSWER: A. 0.405 kPa

SITUATION XVII.
Which of the following is described herein?
53. Stressing high strength steel wires before the concrete hardens
A. Post-tensioning B. Pre-tensioning
C. Creep D. Relaxation
ANSWER: B. Pre-tensioning
50. Which of the following most nearly gives the initial stress at the 54. Stressing high strength steel after the concrete has been cast and has
bottom fibers of the double-tee at midspan due to prestressing force attained sufficient strength
alone? A. Post-tensioning B. Pre-tensioning
A. −24.90 MPa B. −23.22 MPa C. Creep D. Relaxation
C. −19.04 MPa D. −30.37 MPa ANSWER: A. Post-tensioning
51. Which of the following most nearly gives the resulting stress at the
bottom fibers of the double-tee at midspan due to the service loads 55. Loss of stress that takes place with the passage of time as concrete is
and prestressing force? held at a constant strain
A. 1.25 MPa B. 4.22 MPa A. Post-tensioning B. Pre-tensioning
C. 7.10 MPa D. 20.68 MPa C. Creep D. Relaxation
52. Which of the following most nearly gives the excess superimposed ANSWER: D. Relaxation
load such that the resulting stress at the bottom fibers of the double-
tee at midspan is zero? SITUATION XVIII. (CE MAY 2012)
A. 0.405 kPa B. 0.927 kPa A steel beam 10 m long is fixed at both ends and carries a superimposed
C. 1.372 kPa D. 3.239 kPa uniformly distributed load of 25 kN/m. The beam is W1846 whose relevant
properties are given in the table.
SOLUTION:
Properties of W1846
Prestressing force: Flange width, bf = 153.9 mm
Pi  2  375   750 kN Flange thickness, tf = 15.4 mm
Overall depth, d = 458.7 mm
Pf  Pi  0.18Pi  0.82PI  0.82  750  Web thickness, t w = 9.1 mm
Pf  615 kN Beam weight = 68.5 kg/m
3

6 4
e  298  75 Moment of inertia, I x = 296.35710 mm
e  223 mm 56. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bending stress
in the beam?
Service Loads:
A. 165.56 MPa B. 161.23 MPa
w   2.5  6.0  2.4 
C. 157.40 MPa D. 152.81 MPa
w  20.4 kN/m 57. Which of the following most nearly gives the average shear stress in
the web?
 20.4 8 
2 A. 30.75 MPa B. 33.58 MPa
wL2
Mmid    C. 34.92 MPa D. 36.74 MPa
8 8
58. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear stress in
Mmid  163.2 kN-m the beam?
A. 30.75 MPa B. 33.58 MPa
Initial stress at the bottom fibers of the double-tee at midspan due to C. 34.92 MPa D. 36.74 MPa
prestressing force alone:
P Pei  c bot SOLUTION:
fbottomi   i 
A I w  25  68.5  9.81  1000  25.6720 kN/m

fbottomi 
750  103

 
750  103  223  298 
wL2 25.6720 10 
2
M   213.9332 kN-m
210000 1860  106 12 12
fbottomi  30.3674 MPa
For fb max:
ANSWER: D. −30.37 MPa
fbmax 
Mc


M 1 106
458.7
2

Resulting stress at the bottom fibers of the double-tee at midspan due I 296.357  106
to the service loads and prestressing force: fbmax  165.5624 MPa
P Pf e  cbot Mcbot
fbottom   f   ANSWER: A. 165.56 MPa
A I I

fbottom  
615  103

 
615  103  223  298 

 
163.2  106  298  For f vave:
1860  106 1860  106 wL
210000 V  128.3599 kN
fbottom  1.2458 MPa 2
V 128.3599  1000
fvave  
ANSWER: A. 1.25 MPa dt w 458.7  9.1
fvave  30.7510 MPa

ANSWER: A. 30.75 MPa

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STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

For fvmax: If beam AB is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 28 kN/m,

wL maximum bending stress in beam AB if its properties are the same as
V  128.3599 kN in column AC:
2
 213.95 
Q  153.9 15.4  229.35  7.7    9.1 213.95   
 2 
Q  733598.2404 mm3

VQ 128.3599  1000  733598.2404 

fvmax  
Ib 
296.357  106  9.1 
fvmax  34.9165 MPa

ANSWER: C. 34.92 MPa By superposition (Theory of Structures):

PAC   w
SITUATION XIX. (CE NOV 2013)
PACL3 wL4
Beam AB is simply supported at A and is fixed at B as shown in Figure 
Figure TS-BC-311. Column AC is a 200 mm square structural tubing with 3EI 8EI
PAC  8   28  8 4
the following properties: 3
3
A = 9.310 mm
2

E = 200 GPa 3EI 8EI
6
I = 54.510 mm
4 PAC  84 kN
r = 77 mm
Fy = 317 MPa  MB  0
8
MB  PAC  8   w  8     0
2
MB  224 kN-m

Mc

224  106 
 200 
 2 
 
fb  
I 54.5  106
fb  411.0092 MPa

ANSWER: D. 411 MPa

59. Which of the following most nearly gives the allowable concentric load SITUATION XX. (CE MAY 2011)
in column AC if both ends are pin-connected and sidesway is A steel beam 9 m long is fixed at both ends and carries a uniformly
prevented? distributed load of 25 kN/m. The beam is W1677 whose relevant
A. 1182.12 kN B. 1577.41 kN properties are in the table.
C. 2240.84 kN D. 2988.30 kN
Pr opert ies of W 16  77
60. Which of the following most nearly gives the critical buckling load in
column AC if both ends are pin-connected and sidesway is Flange Width, bf = 261.5 mm
prevented? Flange Thickness, tf = 19.3 mm
A. 1182.12 kN B. 1577.41 kN Overall Depth, d = 419.6 mm
C. 2240.84 kN D. 2988.30 kN Web Thickness, tw = 11.6 mm
61. If beam AB is subjected to a uniformly distributed load of 28 kN/m, Moment of Inertia, I x = 6
462.01710 mm
4

which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bending stress
in beam AB if its properties are the same as in column AC? 62. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bending stress
A. 84 MPa B. 224 MPa in the beam?
C. 367 MPa D. 411 MPa A. 72.14 MPa B. 73.66 MPa
C. 74.21 MPa D. 76.63 MPa
SOLUTION: 63. Which of the following most nearly gives the average shear stress in
the web?
Allowable concentric load in column AC if both ends are pin-
A. 21.31 MPa B. 23.11 MPa
connected and sidesway is prevented:
kL 1 6000 
C. 25.62 MPa D. 26.25 MPa
  77.9221 64. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum shear stress in
r 77 the beam?
A. 21.31 MPa B. 23.11 MPa
22E 22  200000 
Cc    111.5964 C. 25.62 MPa D. 26.25 MPa
Fy 317
SOLUTION:
kL
When  Cc : Maximum bending stress in the beam:
r
wL2  25  9 
2
kL M   168.75 kN-m
77.9221 12 12
 r   0.6982
Cc 111.5964
Mc
168.75  10   2d  419.6
6
2 


 1 2  2
fb  
1  2  0.6982    317 
1
1  2   Fy
I Ix  462.017  106
Fa      
fb  76.6287 MPa
  0.6982    0.6982 
5 3 1 5 3 1 3
   3
3 8 8 3 8 8 ANSWER: D. 76.63 MPa
Fa  127.1096 MPa
Average shear stress in the web:
 
Pa  A  Fa  9.3  103 127.1096   1000
V R
wL  25  9 
  112.5 kN
Pa  1182.1191 kN 2 2
V 112.5  103
fv  ave   
dt w  419.6 11.6 
ANSWER: A. 1182.12 kN

Critical buckling load in column AC if both ends are pin-connected fv  ave   23.1131 MPa
and sidesway is prevented:

Pcr 
2EI


2  200000  54.5  106   1000 ANSWER: B. 23.11 MPa

L2 1 6000 2 Maximum shear stress in the beam:

Pcr  2988.2969 kN b  t w  11.6 mm

ANSWER: D. 2988.30 kN

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STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

d t  d   d 2  tf  Polar moment of inertia:

Q  bf  t f    f    t w    t f   
Ix  2  250T 100   
1
 12  
T 200 
2 3
2 2 2  2 

 419.6 19.3   419.6  419.6 2  19.3 
Q   261.5 19.3      11.6    19.3   Ix  5666666.667T
 2 2   2  2 
1 3
Iy  2   T  250     700T m 
2
Q  1220630.493 mm3
3 

fvh 
VQ

 
112.5  103 1220630.493  Iy  4836309.524T

Ib  
462.017  106 11.6  J  Ix  Iy  10502976.19T  10502976.19  0.707D
fv  25.6225 MPa
hmax  Instantaneous center:

ANSWER: C. 25.62 MPa

SITUATION XXI. (CE DEC 2014)

The plate in Figure SD-WC-205 is welded to a column and is subjected to
an eccentric force P = 200 kN. The weld is E70 electrode with F u = 483
MPa.

J 10502976.19T
E 
Ae  700T  260.7143 
E  57.5506 mm
Twisting Moment (Torque):
TM  Pe   200000  260.7143 

Nominal size of the weld so that its allowable shear stress is not
exceeded:
2  100    250  m  E 
2 2
65. Which of the following most nearly gives the eccentricity of the load
measured from the centroid of the weld?
  240.0824 mm
A. 244.70 mm B. 253.19 mm
C. 260.71 mm D. 290.55 mm
fvallowable 
 TM  
66. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum allowable
J
shear stress on the weld?
A. 144.90 MPa B. 168.59 MPa 144.90 
 200000  260.7143  240.0824 
C. 241.50 MPa D. 289.80 MPa 10502976.19  0.707D 
67. Which of the following most nearly gives the nominal size of the weld D  11.6347 mm  12 mm
so that its allowable shear stress is not exceeded?
A. 8 mm B. 10 mm ANSWER: C. 12 mm
C. 12 mm D. 14 mm
SITUATION XXII. (CE MAY 2013, CE NOV 2013)
From the truss as shown in Figure TS-CTMS-300: s = 2 m; h = 3 m, P1 =
SOLUTION:
P2 = P3 = 14 kN. Section of diagonal members: 2 angles 75 mm x 75 mm x
2
6 mm; area = 1858 mm ; rx = 23.6 mm. Use Fy = 250 MPa.
Section 505.3 of the National Structural Code of the Philippines gives the
allowable stress in compression as follows:
On the gross section of axially loaded compression members, when
kL/r, the largest effective slenderness ratio of any unbraced segment, is
less than Cc:
(1  0.52 )Fy
Fa 
5 3  3 8  3 8

Where
kL r

Cc

Weld:
22E
L  200  2  250  700 Cc 
Fy
T
sin  45  
D On the gross section of the axially loaded compression members,
T  0.707D  SMAW 
when kL/r exceeds Cc:
122E
A weld  A  LT  700T Fa 
23(kL r)2
Location of centroid of weld:
200
n  100 mm
2
 250 
 700T  m   250T   2   2   200T 0 
 
m  89.2857 mm
Eccentricity of the load measured from the centroid of the weld:
e  250  100  m
e  260.7143 mm
ANSWER: C. 260.71 mm

Maximum allowable shear stress on the weld: 68. Which of the following most nearly gives the reaction at A?
fvallowable  0.30Fui  0.30  483  A. 7 kN B. 14 kN
fvallowable  144.90 MPa C. 21 kN D. 28 kN
69. Which of the following most nearly gives the stress in member DG?
ANSWER: A. 144.90 MPa A. 8.41 MPa B. 4.53 MPa
C. 4.18 MPa D. 5.34 MPa

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STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

70. Which of the following most nearly gives the allowable load in The allowable bending stresses are F bx = 207 MPa and F by = 207 MPa.
member DG? Assume that all the loads pass through the centroid of the channels.
A. 44 kN B. 82 kN 71. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bending
C. 153 kN D. 125 kN stress, f bx, for the dead and live load combination (DL + LL)?
A. 127.11 MPa B. 132.20 MPa
SOLUTION: C. 151.14 MPa D. 169.48 MPa
72. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum bending
stress, f by, for the dead and live load combination (DL + LL)?
A. 169.48 MPa B. 151.14 MPa
C. 132.20 MPa D. 127.11 MPa
73. Which of the following most nearly gives the maximum ratio of the
actual to the allowable bending stress for the load combination
0.75(DL + LL + WL) at the windward side?
A. 1.55 B. 1.25
C. 1.09 D. 0.91

SOLUTION:

z  22  32  13 L = 6 m (simple span)
4 3
Sx = 6.1910 mm
4 3
Reaction at A: Sy = 1.3810 mm
3 14 
Fbx = Fby = 207 MPa
R A  RB 
2
R A  RB  21 kN

ANSWER: C. 21 kN

Stress in member DG:

ΣFVleft  0
3
R A  14  PDG  0
13
PDG  8.4130 kN

PDG 8.4130  1000 tan  

1
σDG  
ADG 1858 4
σDG  4.5280 MPa   14.0362
Vertical loads:
ANSWER: B. 4.53 MPa
wDL  720 1.20  79  943 N/m

wLL  1000 1.2  1200 N/m

Allowable load in member DG:

kL 1 13  1000


 152.7776 Loads normal to roof:
r 23.6
wDLN  943  cos    914.8444 N/m
22  200000 
Cc 
250
 125.6637 wLL N  1200  cos    1164.174 N/m

When
kL
 Cc : w WL  windward  0.20 1440 1.2   345.6 N/m
r
w WL leeward  0.60 1440 1.2   1036.8 N/m
122  200000 
Fa   44.1229 MPa
23 152.7776 
2
Loads tangential to roof:
wDL T   943  sin    228.7111 N/m
Pa  AFa  1858  44.1229 
wLL N  1200  sin    291.0428 N/m
Pa  81980.3021 N  81.9803 kN

ANSWER: B. 482 kN Maximum bending stress, f bx, for the dead and live load combination
(DL + LL):
SITUATION XXIII. (CE NOV 2011, CE NOV 2017) wN  wDLN  wLLN  2079.0154 N/m
Light grade steel channels are used as purlins as shown in Figure SD-P-
005. The top chords of the truss are inclined at 1V:4H. The trusses are
wNL2  2079.0154  6 
2
spaced at 6 m on center. The purlins are spaced at 1.20 m on centers. The MN  
roof loads are as follows: 8 8
MN  9355.5694 N-m

MN
fbN  fbx 
Sx

fbx 
 9355.56921000 
6.19  104
fbx  151.1401 MPa

ANSWER: C. 151.14 MPa

Maximum bending stress, f by, for the dead and live load combination
Dead load including roof materials = 720 Pa (DL + LL):
Live load = 1000 Pa wT  wDL T  wLL T   519.7538 N/m
Wind load = 1440 Pa
w TL2  519.7538  6 
Wind Pressure Coefficient 2

Windward = 0.20 MT  
8 8
Leeward = 0.60
MT  2338.8923 N-m
P r op er t i es of C 2 0 0  7 6
4 3
Section modulus, Sx = 6.1910 mm
4 3
Section modulus, Sy = 1.3810 mm
Weight = 79 N/m

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STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

MT A. 522.90 kN B. 812.87 kN
fb T   fby 
Sy C. 851.87 kN D. 1112.35 kN
77. Which of the following most nearly gives the moment at the base?
fby 
 2338.8923 1000  A. 36608.33 kN-m B. 14481.79 kN-m
1.38  104 C. 24390.98 kN-m D. 38872.77 kN-m
fby  169.4849 MPa
SOLUTION:
ANSWER: A. 169.48 MPa
Period of Vibration:
T  Ct hn 
3/ 4
Maximum ratio of the actual to the allowable bending stress for the
load combination 0.75(DL + LL + WL) at the windward side:
Normal: Ct = 0.0853 for steel moment-resisting frame


wN  0.75 wDLN  wLLN  wLL windward  hn = 5 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 17 m

T  0.0853 17 
3/ 4
wN  1818.4615 N/m
T  0.7141 s
w L2 1818.4615  6 
2
ANSWER: C. 0.7141 s
MN  N 
8 8
MN  8183.0769 N-m Lateral Forces:

MN
fbN  fbx 
Sx

fbx 
 8183.0769 1000 
6.19  104
fbx  132.1983 MPa

Tangential:


w T  0.75 wDL T   wLL T   0 
wN  389.8154 N/m

w TL2  389.8154  6 
2
MT  
8 8
MT  1754.1692 N-m
Column
Level hx (m) W x ( kN) W xhx (kN-m)
M Height
fb T   fby  T 1F 5m 0 0 0
Sy
2F 4m 5 2200 11000
fby 
1754.16921000  3F 4m 9 1900 17100
1.38  104 4F 4m 13 1800 23400
fby  127.1137 MPa Roof 17 850 14450
 W x = 6750  W xhx- = 65950
Interaction Value:
fbx fby When T > 0.7 s
Interaction Value   Ft  0.07TV  0.25V
Fbx Fby
Ft  0.07  0.7141 3300   0.25  3300 
132.1983 127.1137
Interaction Value   Ft  164.9672 kN  825 kN
207 207
Interaction Value  1.2527
Lateral Force acting on the Roof Deck:
ANSWER: B. 1.25 Fn  Fx  Ft
FR  Fx(R)  Ft
SITUATION XXIV.
A steel moment-resisting frame shown in Figure EQ-SMRF-010 having  Wxhx Roof
different loads on each story is to be designed to have a base shear of Fx(R)   V  Ft 
3300 kN. (Hint: Use numerical coefficient for steel moment-resisting frame,   Wxhx 
Ct = 0.0853) 14450
FR   3300  164.9672  164.9672
65950
FR  686.9026  164.9672
FR  851.8698 kN

ANSWER: A. 851.87 kN

Lateral Force acting on the Second Floor:

 Wxhx 2F
Fx  2F    V  Ft 
W h  x x
11000
F2F   3300  164.9672
65950
F2F  522.9016 kN

ANSWER: A. 522.90 kN

Moment at the Base:

74. Which of the following most nearly gives the period of vibration of the hx W xhx
structure? Level Fx (kN) Fxhx (kN-m)
(m) (kN-m)
A. 0.6120 s B. 0.4860 s 1F 0 0 0 0
C. 0.7141 s D. 0.5861 s
2F 5 11000 522.9015 2614.5080
75. Which of the following most nearly gives the lateral force acting on the
roof deck? 3F 9 17100 812.8743 7315.8687
A. 851.87 kN B. 812.87 kN 4F 13 23400 1112.3543 14460.6060
C. 1112.35 kN D. 522.90 kN 686.9026 +
Roof 17 14450 14481.7865
76. Which of the following most nearly gives the lateral force acting on the
164.9672
second floor? V =  Fx = 3300  Fxhx = 38872.7692

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STR UCTURAL ENG INEERING & CONSTR UCTION FOCUS REVIEW – PART III – 2019

Mbase   Fxhx  38872.7692 kN-m

ANSWER: D. 38872.77 kN-m

SITUATION XXV. (CE JAN 2008)

A concrete mix has a ratio of 1:2:4 by mass. The properties of the materials
to be used are given in the table:
Material Specific Gravity
Cement 3.33
Sand 2.65
Gravel 2.67
Cement weighs 40 kg per bag. Use 24 liters of water per bag of cement.
78. Which of the following most nearly gives the volume of cement solids
per bag of cement?
3 3
A. 0.012 m B. 0.072 m
3 3
C. 0.035 m D. 0.090 m
79. Which of the following most nearly gives the required volume of
gravelly solids per bag of cement?
3 3
A. 0.030 m B. 0.010 m
3 3
C. 0.040 m D. 0.060 m
80. Which of the following most nearly gives the volume of concrete that
can be produced per bag of cement?
3 3
A. 0.114 m B. 0.096 m
3 3
C. 0.065 m D. 0.126 m

SOLUTION:
Concrete mix: 1:2:4 by mass
Consider 1 bag of cement:
cement  40 kg
sand  2  40   80 kg
gravel  4  40   160 kg

Volume of cement solids:

m
  sw 
V
40
3.33 1000  
Vscement

Vscement  0.01201 m3
3
ANSWER: A. 0.012 m

Volume of gravelly solids:

m
  sw 
V
80
2.65 1000  
Vssand

Vssand  0.03019 m3

Volume of gravelly solids:

m
  sw 
V
160 You were born to d o grea t th ings. Now is the
2.67 1000   time to leap over the obstac les of fear,
Vsgravel
procrastin ation and se lf -doubt.
Vsgravel  0.05993 m3
3
Determine wha t you rea lly wan t ou t of life.
ANSWER: D. 0.060 m Write it down and read it over several times
daily. Ask yourself ~ “What am I wi llin g to
Volume of concrete:
Vconcrete  Vscement  Vssand  Vsgravel  Vwater
give up in order to ge t it? ”

Vconcrete  0.01201  0.03019  0.05993  0.024 To ach ieve a great life , you must be willin g to
Vconcrete  0.1261 m3 make great sacrifice. Make up your mind to go
for it! You must want it a nd figh t for it like a
3
ANSWER: D. 0.126 m drowning man wan ts a ir!

You must tell yourse lf, “No matter h ow ha rd it

is, or h ow hard it gets, I ’m going to make it.”

Decide to crea te a n extraord inary life. Re fuse

to play sma ll or to g ive up. Do not follow the
crowd. Ch oose the road less traveled and
march toward your dream. Where there ’s a
will, there is a way. Because you have
something specia l. You have G R EA T N E S S
with in you !!!

- Les Brown

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