Buried Pipe Design

Client : GNPOC SUDAN Job No.
: JI - 162 Page :
Project : MUNGA FPF Prep. By : NSP Date : 10/20/2001
Design of Buried pipe line crossings (without casing
Subject : Ck'd by : Date :
pipe)
Scope
The purpose of this document is to determine the stress in the pipe line at buried conditions at road crossings (
with out casing pipe) . The buried pipe line is also checked for uplift / buoyancy.
Parameter
1 The cases considered for design check are (a) 6" dia pipeline at 1m depth, (b) 10" dia pipe line at 1m
depth and (c ) 12" dia at 1.5m depth
2 All pipes are considered to be as per STD schedule.
3 Yield strength of pipe material is considered as 35000 psi.
4 The pressure of flow considered as 52 bar for 12" dia pipe and 37.5 bar for 6" and 10" dia pipes.
5 The live load (traffic load on Highway) considered for H-20 and HS-20 class loading as per AASHTO
recommendations.
6 The pipe line is considered to be laid by trenching.
7 The design check is done as per recommendations in API 1102.
8 The design check is done both for flow and empty conditions.
9 The pipe line is checked for buoyancy / uplift conditions and found safe.
436062993.xls
Description Unit Case 1 Remarks
Pipe diameter D inch 14" Piping input
mm 356
Depth to top of pipe H mm 1300
Pipe wall thickness tw mm 6.5 Piping input
tw/D 0.0183
Stiffness factor for circumferential stress from Refer Figure 3 , Section 4 of API
earth load KHe 4000
1102
Bored dia of the crossing Bd mm 356 Refer clause 4.7.2.1 of API 1102
H/Bd 3.6517
Burial factor for cicumferential stress from Refer Figure 4 , Section 4 of API
0.85
earth load Be 1102
Bd/D 1
Refer Table A-1 , Appendix - A of
Modulus of subgrade reaction E' Mpa 3.4
API 1102
Excavation factor for circumferential stress Refer Figure 5 , Section 4 of API
1
from earth load Ee 1102
Unit weight of soil, g 18
Circumferential stress from earth load SHe Kpa 21787.2 SHe = KHe . Be. Ee. g . D
psi 3159.965
Resilient Modulus of soil Er Mpa 69
API 1102
Stiffness factor for cyclic circumferential stress Refer Figure 14 , Section 4 of API
from highway vehicular load KHh 14
1102
Geometry factor for cyclic circumferential Refer Figure 15 , Section 4 of API
stress from highway vehicular load GHh 1.3
1102
Stiffness factor for cyclic longitudinal stress Refer Figure 16 , Section 4 of API
from highway vehicular load KLh 10
1102
Geometry factor for cyclic longitudinal stress Refer Figure 17 , Section 4 of API
from highway vehicular load GLh 1.2
1102
Refer Table 2 , Section 4 of API
Highway pavement type factor R 1
1102
Refer Table 2 , Section 4 of API
Highway axle configuration factor L 1
1102
Refer Figure 7 , Section 4 of API
Impact factor Fi 1.5
1102
Refer Figure 3.7.6A of AASHTO,
Wheel Load P
lbs 10160 Section -3
Contact area over which wheel load is applied
Refer clause 4.7.2.2.1 of API 1102
Ap inch2 144
Applied design surface pressure w psi 70.55556 w = P/Ap
Poisson's ratio of steel Vs 0.3
API 1102
Cyclic circumferential stress from highway
1926.167 D SHh = KHh.GHh.R.L.Fi.w
vehicular load D SHh psi
Cyclic longitudinal stress from highway
1270 D SLh = KLh.GLh.R.L.Fi.w
vehicular load D SLh psi
Internal pipe pressure p psi 0 Piping input
Cicumferential stress from internal pressure
calculated using the Barlow formula SHi 0 SHi = p. D / 2 / tw
psi
Max circumferential stress S1 psi 5086.132 S1 = SHe + D SHh + Shi
Maximum Longitudinal stress S2 psi 2217.99 S2 = D SLh + Vs (SHe + SHi)
Maximum radial stress S3 psi 0 -p
Total effective stress Seff psi 4416.699 Seff =(0.5*((S 1
-S 2
)2+(S2-S3)2+(S3-S1)2))0.5
Specified Minimum Yield Strength of Pipe
psi 35000 Piping input
Material SMYS
Design Factor F 0.72 Assumed
SMYS x F psi 25200
Result SAFE
Client : QATAR PETROLEUM CORPORATION Job No. :JI - 174 Page :1
Project : RAG AND FLARE MITIGATION PROJECT Prep. By :PKP Date : 29/12/2001
Subject : Design of Buried pipe line crossings (without casing pipe) Ck'd by :K J RAO Date : 29/12/2001
Design of Buried pipe line at road crossings (without casing pipe)
TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION :- TRENCHED CONSTRUCTION
Condition 1 Flow condition (with internal Pressure)
Description Unit Case a Case b Case c Remarks

Pipe diameter, D inch 10" 12" 16" Piping input
mm 273 324 426
Depth to top of pipe, H mm 1300 1300 1300
Pipe wall thickness , tw mm 9.525 9.53 9.525 Piping input
tw/D 0.0349 0.0294 0.0224
Stiffness factor for circumferential stress from earth
load ( based on tw/D) K He 600 1250 1900 Refer Figure 3 , Section 4 of API 1102
Bored dia of the crossing, Bd mm 273 324 426 Refer clause 4.7.2.1 of API 1102
H/Bd 4.7619 4.0123 3.0516
Burial factor for cicumferential stress from earth load
1.05 0.97 0.85 Refer Figure 4 , Section 4 of API 1102
(based on H) Be
Bd/D 1 1 1
Modulus of subgrade reaction ( for stiff to very stiff Refer Table A-1 , Appendix - A of API
Mpa 6.9 6.9 6.9
clays) E' 1102
Excavation factor for circumferential stress from
1 1 1 Refer Figure 5 , Section 4 of API 1102
earth load ( based on Bd/ D) Ee
Unit weight of soil, g kN/m3 18.9 18.9 18.9 Refer clause 4.7.2.1 of API 1102
Circumferential stress from earth load S He Kpa 3250.611 7424.865 13003.011 SHe = KHe . Be. Ee. g . D
psi 471.4611 1076.885 1885.9268
Resilient Modulus of soil ( for stiff to very stiff clays Refer Table A-2 , Appendix - A of API
Mpa 69 69 69
and medium dense sand) Er 1102
Stiffness factor for cyclic circumferential stress from

highway vehicular load ( based on tw/D) K Hh 9.8 11 12.4 Refer Figure 14 , Section 4 of API 1102
Geometry factor for cyclic circumferential stress from

highway vehicular load (based on H) GHh 1.3 1.25 1.2 Refer Figure 15 , Section 4 of API 1102
Stiffness factor for cyclic longitudinal stress from

highway vehicular load ( based on tw/D) K Lh 7.6 8.75 9.35 Refer Figure 16 , Section 4 of API 1102
Geometry factor for cyclic longitudinal stress from

highway vehicular load ( based on H) G Lh 1.25 1.15 1.1 Refer Figure 17 , Section 4 of API 1102
Highway pavement type factor ( based on type of

1 1 1 Refer Table 2 , Section 4 of API 1102
pavement) R
Highway axle configuration factor (based on type of
axle - Tandem axle considered ) L
Impact factor (based on H) Fi 1.5 1.5 1.5 Refer Figure 7 , Section 4 of API 1102
Refer Figure 3.7.6A of AASHTO, Section

Wheel Load (H-20 and HS-20 loadings) P lbs 32000.00 32000.00 32000.00
-3
Contact area over which wheel load is applied, Ap 144 144 144 Refer clause 4.7.2.2.1 of API 1102
inch2
Applied design surface pressure w psi 222 222 222 w = P/Ap
Refer Table A-3 , Appendix - A of API
Poisson's ratio of steel Vs 0.3 0.3 0.3
1102
Cyclic circumferential stress from highway vehicular
4247 4583 4960 D SHh = KHh.GHh.R.L.Fi.w
load D SHh psi
Cyclic longitudinal stress from highway vehicular
3167 3354 3428 D SLh = KLh.GLh.R.L.Fi.w
load D SLh psi
Internal pipe pressure p Bars 37.5 37.5 52 Piping input
psi 544 544 754
calculated using the Barlow formula S Hi 7794 9246 16865 SHi = p. D / 2 / tw
psi
Max circumferential stress S1 psi 12512 14906 23711 S1 = SHe + D SHh + Shi
Maximum Longitudinal stress S2 psi 5646 6451 9054 S2 = D SLh + Vs (SHe + SHi)
Maximum radial stress S3 psi -544 -544 -754 -p
Total effective stress S eff psi 11312 13400 21326 Seff =(0.5*((S1-S2)2+(S2-S3)2+(S3-S1)2))0.5
Specified Minimum Yield Strength of Pipe Material
psi 35000 35000 35000 Piping input
SMYS
Design Factor F 0.72 0.72 0.72 Refer example problem in Appendix - B
SMYS x F psi 25200 25200 25200
Stress ratio % 44.9 53.2 84.6
436062993.xls
Client : QATAR PETROLEUM CORPORATION Job No. :JI - 174 Page :1
Project : RAG AND FLARE MITIGATION PROJECT Prep. By :PKP Date : 29/12/2001
Subject : Design of Buried pipe line crossings (without casing pipe) Ck'd by :K J RAO Date : 29/12/2001
Result SAFE SAFE SAFE
Condition 1 Empty conditions (without internal Pressure)
Description Unit Case a Case b Case c Remarks

Pipe diameter, D inch 10" 12" 16" Piping input
mm 273 324 426
Depth to top of pipe, H mm 1300 1300 1300
Pipe wall thickness , tw mm 9.525 9.53 9.525 Piping input
tw/D 0.0349 0.0294 0.0224
load ( based on tw/D) K He 600 1250 1900 Refer Figure 3 , Section 4 of API 1102
Bored dia of the crossing, Bd mm 273 324 426 Refer clause 4.7.2.1 of API 1102
H/Bd 4.7619 4.0123 3.0516
1.05 0.97 0.85 Refer Figure 4 , Section 4 of API 1102
(based on H) Be
Bd/D 1 1 1
Modulus of subgrade reaction ( for stiff to very stiff Refer Table A-1 , Appendix - A of API
Mpa 6.9 6.9 6.9
clays) E' 1102
1 1 1 Refer Figure 5 , Section 4 of API 1102
Unit weight of soil, g kN/m 3
18.9 18.9 18.9 Refer clause 4.7.2.1 of API 1102
Circumferential stress from earth load S He Kpa 3250.611 7424.865 13003.011 SHe = KHe . Be. Ee. g . D
psi 471.4611 1076.885 1885.9268
Resilient Modulus of soil ( for stiff to very stiff clays) Refer Table A-2 , Appendix - A of API
Mpa 69 69 69
Er 1102

highway vehicular load ( based on tw/D) K Hh 9.8 11 12.4 Refer Figure 14 , Section 4 of API 1102

highway vehicular load (based on H) G Hh 1.3 1.25 1.2 Refer Figure 15 , Section 4 of API 1102

highway vehicular load ( based on tw/D) K Lh 7.6 8.75 9.35 Refer Figure 16 , Section 4 of API 1102

highway vehicular load ( based on H) G Lh 1.25 1.15 1.1 Refer Figure 17 , Section 4 of API 1102

pavement) R
Impact factor (based on H) Fi 1.5 1.5 1.5 Refer Figure 7 , Section 4 of API 1102
Wheel Load (H-20 and HS-20 loadings) P lbs 32000.00 32000.00 32000.00
-3
Contact area over which wheel load is applied, Ap 144 144 144 Refer clause 4.7.2.2.1 of API 1102
inch2
Applied design surface pressure w psi 222 222 222 w = P/Ap
Poisson's ratio of steel Vs 0.3 0.3 0.3
1102
4247 4583 4960 D SHh = KHh.GHh.R.L.Fi.w
load D SHh psi
3167 3354 3428 D SLh = KLh.GLh.R.L.Fi.w
load D SLh psi
Internal pipe pressure p Bars 0 0 0 Piping input
psi 0 0 0
calculated using the Barlow formula S Hi 0 0 0 SHi = p. D / 2 / tw
psi
Max circumferential stress S1 psi 4718 5660 6846 S1 = SHe + D SHh + Shi
Maximum Longitudinal stress S2 psi 3308 3677 3994 S2 = D SLh + Vs (SHe + SHi)
Maximum radial stress S3 psi 0 0 0 -p
Total effective stress S eff psi 4195 4975 5956 Seff =(0.5*((S1-S2)2+(S2-S3)2+(S3-S1)2))0.5
psi 35000 35000 35000 Piping input
SMYS
Design Factor F 0.72 0.72 0.72 Refer example problem in Appendix - B
SMYS x F psi 25200 25200 25200
Stress ratio % 16.6 19.7 23.6
Result SAFE SAFE SAFE
436062993.xls
Client : QATAR PETROLEUM CORPORATION Job No. :JI - 174
Project : RAG AND FLARE MITIGATION PROJECT Prep. By :PKP
Subject : Design of Buried pipe line crossings (without casing pipe) Ck'd by :K J RAO
Condition 1 Flow condition (with internal Pressure)
Description Unit Case a Case b Case c

Pipe diameter, D inch 36"
mm 934
Depth to top of pipe, H mm 1300
Pipe wall thickness , tw mm 9.525
tw/D 0.0102
load ( based on tw/D) K He 4500
Bored dia of the crossing, Bd mm 934
H/Bd 1.3919
0.37
(based on H) Be
Bd/D 1
Modulus of subgrade reaction ( for stiff to very stiff
Mpa 6.9
clays) E'
1
Unit weight of soil, g kN/m3 18.9
Circumferential stress from earth load SHe Kpa 29391.58
psi 4262.887
Resilient Modulus of soil ( for stiff to very stiff clays
Mpa 69
and medium dense sand) Er

highway vehicular load ( based on tw/D) KHh 12.5

highway vehicular load (based on H) GHh 1.1

highway vehicular load ( based on tw/D) K Lh 10

highway vehicular load ( based on H) GLh 0.95
1
pavement) R

1
Impact factor (based on H) Fi 1.5
Wheel Load (H-20 and HS-20 loadings) P lbs 32000.00
Contact area over which wheel load is applied, Ap 144

inch2
Applied design surface pressure w psi 222

load D SHh 4583
psi
load D SLh 3167
psi
Internal pipe pressure p Bars 37.5
psi 544
calculated using the Barlow formula S Hi 26666
psi
Max circumferential stress S1 psi 35513
Maximum Longitudinal stress S2 psi 12445
Maximum radial stress S3 psi -544
Total effective stress S eff psi 31630
psi 35000
SMYS
Design Factor F 0.72
SMYS x F psi 25200
Stress ratio % 125.5
Result UNSAFE
Condition 1 Empty conditions (without internal Pressure)
Description Unit Case a Case b Case c

Pipe diameter, D inch 36"
mm 934
Depth to top of pipe, H mm 1300
Pipe wall thickness , tw mm 9.525
tw/D 0.0102
load ( based on tw/D) K He 4500
Bored dia of the crossing, Bd mm 934

H/Bd 1.3919
0.37
(based on H) Be
Bd/D 1
Modulus of subgrade reaction ( for stiff to very stiff
Mpa 6.9
clays) E'
1
Unit weight of soil, g kN/m3 18.9
Circumferential stress from earth load SHe Kpa 29391.58
psi 4262.887
Resilient Modulus of soil ( for stiff to very stiff clays)
Mpa 69
Er
highway vehicular load ( based on tw/D) KHh 12.5

highway vehicular load (based on H) GHh 1.1

highway vehicular load ( based on tw/D) K Lh 10

highway vehicular load ( based on H) GLh 0.95

1
pavement) R
1
Impact factor (based on H) Fi 1.5
Wheel Load (H-20 and HS-20 loadings) P lbs 32000.00
Contact area over which wheel load is applied, Ap 144

inch2
Applied design surface pressure w psi 222

load D SHh 4583
psi
load D SLh 3167
psi
Internal pipe pressure p Bars 0
psi 0
calculated using the Barlow formula S Hi 0
psi
Max circumferential stress S1 psi 8846
Maximum Longitudinal stress S2 psi 4446
Maximum radial stress S3 psi 0
Total effective stress S eff psi 7661
psi 35000
SMYS
Design Factor F 0.72
SMYS x F psi 25200
Stress ratio % 30.4
Result SAFE
Page :1
Date : 29/12/2001
Date : 29/12/2001
(without casing pipe)
Remarks
Piping input
Piping input
Refer Figure 3 , Section 4 of API 1102

Refer clause 4.7.2.1 of API 1102

1102

SHe = KHe . Be. Ee. g . D

1102

Refer Table 2 , Section 4 of API 1102

-3
w = P/Ap
1102
D SHh = KHh.GHh.R.L.Fi.w
D SLh = KLh.GLh.R.L.Fi.w
Piping input
SHi = p. D / 2 / tw
S1 = SHe + D SHh + Shi
S2 = D SLh + Vs (SHe + SHi)
-p
Seff =(0.5*((S1-S2)2+(S2-S3)2+(S3-S1)2))0.5
Piping input
Refer example problem in Appendix - B
(without casing pipe)
nternal Pressure)
Remarks
Piping input
Piping input

1102

SHe = KHe . Be. Ee. g . D

1102

-3
w = P/Ap
1102
D SHh = KHh.GHh.R.L.Fi.w
D SLh = KLh.GLh.R.L.Fi.w
Piping input
SHi = p. D / 2 / tw
S1 = SHe + D SHh + Shi
S2 = D SLh + Vs (SHe + SHi)
-p
Seff =(0.5*((S1-S2)2+(S2-S3)2+(S3-S1)2))0.5
Piping input
Refer example problem in Appendix - B
Scope and parameter
Check for stresses in buried pipe line
Check for buoyancy / uplift
CONTENTS
Sl.no. Description Page no.
1 Scope and Parameter 3
2 Check for stresses in buried pipe lines. 5
3 Check for buoyancy / uplift 7

Buried Pipe Design

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Buried Pipe Design

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Client : GNPOC SUDAN Job No.

2 All pipes are considered to be as per STD schedule.

3 Yield strength of pipe material is considered as 35000 psi.

6 The pipe line is considered to be laid by trenching.

7 The design check is done as per recommendations in API 1102.

Design of Buried pipe line at road crossings (without casing pipe)

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION :- TRENCHED CONSTRUCTION

Condition 1 Flow condition (with internal Pressure)

Description Unit Case a Case b Case c Remarks

Stiffness factor for cyclic circumferential stress from

Geometry factor for cyclic circumferential stress from

Stiffness factor for cyclic longitudinal stress from

Geometry factor for cyclic longitudinal stress from

Highway pavement type factor ( based on type of

Refer Figure 3.7.6A of AASHTO, Section

Design of Buried pipe line at road crossings (without casing pipe)

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION :- TRENCHED CONSTRUCTION

Condition 1 Empty conditions (without internal Pressure)

Description Unit Case a Case b Case c Remarks

Stiffness factor for cyclic circumferential stress from

Geometry factor for cyclic circumferential stress from

Stiffness factor for cyclic longitudinal stress from

Geometry factor for cyclic longitudinal stress from

Highway pavement type factor ( based on type of

Design of Buried pipe line at road crossings (without casing pipe)

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION :- TRENCHED CONSTRUCTION

Condition 1 Flow condition (with internal Pressure)

Description Unit Case a Case b Case c

Stiffness factor for cyclic circumferential stress from

Geometry factor for cyclic circumferential stress from

Stiffness factor for cyclic longitudinal stress from

Geometry factor for cyclic longitudinal stress from

Highway axle configuration factor (based on type of

Impact factor (based on H) Fi 1.5

Wheel Load (H-20 and HS-20 loadings) P lbs 32000.00

Contact area over which wheel load is applied, Ap 144

Poisson's ratio of steel Vs 0.3

Design of Buried pipe line at road crossings (without casing pipe)

TYPE OF CONSTRUCTION :- TRENCHED CONSTRUCTION

Condition 1 Empty conditions (without internal Pressure)

Description Unit Case a Case b Case c

Bored dia of the crossing, Bd mm 934

Geometry factor for cyclic circumferential stress from

Stiffness factor for cyclic longitudinal stress from

Geometry factor for cyclic longitudinal stress from

Highway pavement type factor ( based on type of

Contact area over which wheel load is applied, Ap 144

Poisson's ratio of steel Vs 0.3

(without casing pipe)

Refer Figure 3 , Section 4 of API 1102

Refer Figure 4 , Section 4 of API 1102

Refer Table A-1 , Appendix - A of API

Refer Figure 5 , Section 4 of API 1102

Refer clause 4.7.2.1 of API 1102

Refer Table A-2 , Appendix - A of API

Refer Figure 14 , Section 4 of API 1102

Refer Figure 15 , Section 4 of API 1102

Refer Figure 16 , Section 4 of API 1102

Refer Figure 17 , Section 4 of API 1102

Refer Table 2 , Section 4 of API 1102

Refer Figure 7 , Section 4 of API 1102

Refer Figure 3.7.6A of AASHTO, Section

Refer clause 4.7.2.2.1 of API 1102