3 Scrubbers Wartsila

SOx Scrubbing of Marine Exhaust Gases
Torbjörn Henriksson
Wärtsilä Ship Power – Environmental Solutions – Exhaust Gas Cleaning
EUROPEAN DREDGING ASSOCIATION - EUDA

TECHNICAL WORKSHOP ON REDUCTION OF SOX EMISSIONS
Brussels, Belgium
23 April, 2013
1 © Wärtsilä
Agenda
1. Legislation
2. Economy
3. Technologies
4. References
5. Specific features for dredgers
2 © Wärtsilä This document is the property of Wärtsilä Corporation and shall not be copied or reproduced without the consent of the owner.
Marine sulphur and scrubber legislation
Body Act
IMO - SOx MARPOL Annex VI
IMO - Scrubbers Resolution MEPC.184(59)
EU 2012/33/EU
US EPA Vessel General Permit - VGP
California Air Resources Board - CARB
Marine sulphur limits
Sulphur limit (%)
4.5
World
3.5
–67% –78% –71% –97% –86%
1.5
ECA
1.0
EU waters outside ECAs
0.5
EU in ports California
0.1
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2023
2024
2012
2020
2025
2021
2022
2008
2009
2010
2011
Review of the 0.5% S global limit to be performed in 2018. In case readiness is not deemed to be
sufficient by 2020, the introduction of the limit will be postponed to 2025.
Fuel type Not regulated = both HFO and distillate are permitted
Exhaust gas cleaning Permitted alternative under Regulation 4 to achieve any regulated limit
Particulate Matter (PM) No limit values.
SOx Emission Control Areas
IMO SOx Emissions Control

Areas are geographically
defined areas where ships
must limit their SOx emissions.
NS
BS
SOx ECAs EC
Baltic Sea
North Sea + English Channel
North America
US Caribbean area
Fuel sulphur limit applicable 12 months after
North American SECA and NECA entry into force of SECA, as per Regulation 14.7
of revised Marpol Annex VI.
North American SOx and NOx Emission Control Area.

• IMO adoption 2010, entry into force 1 August 2011, applicable 1 August 2012.
• 200 miles from coast.
• Fuel Sulphur: 1.00 % 1 August 2012, 0.10 % 1 January 2015, all ships.
• NOx: Tier III (Tier I minus 80 %) 2016, newbuildings.
Fuel sulphur limit applicable 12 months after
Caribbean SECA and NECA entry into force of SECA, as per Regulation 14.7
of revised Marpol Annex VI.
Caribbean SOx and NOx Emission Control Area.

• IMO adoption 2011, entry into force 1 January 2013, applicable 1 January 2014.
• Fuel Sulphur: 1.00 % 1 January 2014, 0.10 % 1 January 2015, all ships.
• NOx: Tier III (Tier I minus 80 %) 2016, newbuildings.
Scrubber documentation during certification
SECC (A) Scheme A and B unless
SECP Scrubber otherwise stated
SHIP NAME Make, type, serial number
Main engine ETM number
Auxiliary engines
Oil-fired boilers By Administration
Ref. to statutory documents
Procedure for compliance “Exhaust Gas Declaration” “Flue Gas Declaration”
Engine Oil-fired boiler
By shipowner, shipyard, contractor •Make, type, power, rpm •Make, type, capacity, pressure
Approved by Administration •Exhaust gas data (e.g. EIAPP cert.) •Flue gas data
By engine maker or designer * By boiler maker or designer *

Approved by Administration Approved by Administration
ETM
ETM number OMM EGC Record Book
Make, type, serial number Instrumentation issues Log book for service and
Capacity Gas and water monitoring maintenance as per ETM &
SOx-reduction (A) Device list (sensors, analysers) OMM.
Installation requirements Device positions Possibly in vessel PMS.
Operational requirements Service requirements
Maintenance requirements (A) Maintenance, calibration By manufacturer
Survey procedures Survey procedures Form approved by Administration
Wash water characteristics
By manufacturer
By manufacturer Approved by Administration * Or another
Approved by Administration competent party
IMO Survey Schemes IMO Resolution MEPC.184(59)
Survey Schemes*:
Survey schemes for exhaust gas emission compliance:
Item Scheme A Scheme B
Performance measurement campaign Yes No
Monitoring of sulphur emissions (Daily) Continuous
Monitoring of process parameters:
•Scrubbing water flow
•Scrubbing water pressure
•Scrubbing water pH
•Exhaust gas pressure, scrubber inlet Continuous Daily
•Exhaust gas pressure differential
•Exhaust gas temperature, scrubber inlet
•Exhaust gas temperature, scrubber outlet
•Combustion unit load
Survey schemes for water discharge compliance are identical under Scheme A and B.
* Details in Resolution MEPC.184(59)
Surveying Bodies:
-Flag state: Initial, Annual, Intermediate and Renewal Surveys
-Port state: Occasional Surveys
9 © Wärtsilä This document is the property of Wärtsilä Corporation and shall not be copied or reproduced without the consent of the owner. © Wärtsilä
Wärtsilä Scrubber Safety
Concept approved by
DNV, LR, BV and GL
Technical safety approved.
Classification Society Involvement
1. Roles of classification societies in scrubber projects:

• Safety related technical approval (all projects)
• Marpol approval (when authorized to act on behalf of the flag Administration)
• Risk assessment (in selected projects, when requested to act as advisor)
2. Some class societies have published scrubber related rules
3. Some class societies are expected to publish scrubber related rules soon
4. Cooperation between class societies and Exhaust Gas Cleaning System Association
(EGCSA)
∆= 140… 700 $/ton
Fuel prices, Rotterdam
MGO - HFO
Updated 18 April, 2013 Fuel prices (Rotterdam)
1400
MGO 0.1% S
1300
MDO
1200
LS380 1.0% S
1100 LS380 1.5% S
1000 IFO380
Price (USD/t)
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Date
Source: bunkerworld.com
∆= 140… 700 $/ton
Fuel prices, Rotterdam
MGO - HFO
Updated 18 April, 2013 Fuel price differences (Rotterdam)
750
MGO - IFO380 diff.
700
LS380 - IFO380 diff.
650
600
550
Price difference (USD/t)
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Date
Source: bunkerworld.com
Cost comparison for 25 years
Ship Fuel Costs Total engine power: 10 MW
Annual fuel consumption: 9800 ton/a
*System delivery cost (not including installation) Annual average load: 69%
Fuel prices are prices in Rotterdam Interest rate for NPV calculations: 5.0%
Case 1: 31.08.2010 Fuel price inflation rate: 4.8% (1980-2010 average)
Case 2: August 2008 Currency rate: 1.27 US$/€
Case 3: May 2008 NaOH 50%: 200€/ton
Scrubber OPEX
Cost comparison for 25 years HFO OPEX
Case 1 HFO 428 US$/ton, MGO 649 US$/ton MGO OPEX
Case 2 HFO 244 US$/ton, MGO 646 US$/ton
OPEX SAVINGS
Case 3 HFO 580 US$/ton, MGO 1282 US$/ton
SCRUBBER INVESTMENT COST*
Payback time
300,000,000 10
9
250,000,000
8
7
200,000,000
6 Y
E
e
u
150,000,000 5 a
r
r
o 4 s
100,000,000
3
2
50,000,000
1
0 0
Case Case Case
1 2 3
Sulphur reduction versus water PH
Neutralization takes place with appropriate pH, either by:

•dosing of alkali, or
•by using sufficient amounts of sea water.
SO2 reduction
100%
50%
0% 14
pH
Alkalinity in the Baltic Sea
Finland
Open sea alkalinity

Sweden Surface data (0… 15 m)
Data from 2001-2005
Summary of Wärtsilä scrubbers
Closed loop Open loop Hybrid

Alkaline reactant NaOH Sea water NaOH / SW
Operating modes Closed loop Open loop Closed / open loop
Zero discharge mode Periodical No Periodical
Scrubbing water flow, m3/MWh 24 45 24/45
Freshwater consumption, m3/MWh 0.1…0.2 zero zero
Pumping power, % of engine power* 0.5 2.0*** 0.5/2.0***
Suitable certification scheme** Scheme A or B Scheme B Scheme B
Applications Low-alkalinity Ocean-going Ships requiring full
waters and for ships flexibility of
zero discharge operations
* In case of an Integrated Scrubber additionally fan power, load dependent, 0.1 – 0.5 %
** Refers to IMO Resolution MEPC.184(59)
*** This figure may be lower in case of low funnels, such as dredgers
Wärtsilä Main Stream Scrubber
Main features
• For diesel engines 6
• One scrubber unit for each combustion unit 5
• By-pass valve
• Scrubber unit back pressure 900 Pa
4
Ideal for
1. Diesel engine
• Single engine cargo ships
2. SCR
3. Exhaust gas boiler
3
4. Silencer
5. By-pass valve
6. Scrubber unit
2
Integrated scrubber
Benefits
• Completely avoid increased exhaust gas
back pressure.
5
• Minimize the amount of equipment.
Main features Integrated Silencers

• One common scrubber unit scrubber
• Suction fans Exhaust gas
boilers
• Suction branches with by-pass dampers
• Constant under-pressure prevents
undue flow of gases. Engines
• A wet sump minimises the needed
vertical lifting height and therefore the
power demand of the closed-loop Oil-fired boiler
pumps.
Wärtsilä marine scrubber references
Newbuilding Open Closed Scrubber
Vessel/Owner Hybrid
or retrofit loop loop delivery
MS Pride of Kent / P&O European Ferries Ltd. Retrofit x 2005
MS Zaandam / Carnival Corporation Retrofit x 2007
MT Suula / Neste shipping Retrofit x 2008

Containerships VII / Containership Retrofit x 2011
APL England / APL Retrofit x 2011

2011 (2 vessels)
Newbuilding x
4 vessels / Ignazio Messina & C.S.p.A 2012 (2 vessels)
MV Tarago / Wilh. Wilhelmsen ASA Retrofit x 2012
2012(4 vessels)
8 vessels / Algoma Newbuilding x
2013(4 vessels)
2 vessels / x* Newbuilding x 2013/2014
2 vessel / x* Newbuilding x 2013/2014

HHI Hull 2516 and 2517 / Solvang Newbuilding x 2012/2013
4 vessels / Ignazio Messina & C.S.p.A Newbuilding x 2013/2014
* customer wants to remain anonymous

28 ships
Compliance
with Marpol
certified by
DNV
The first full-scale Wärtsilä SOx Scrubber Containerships VII
• Containerships VII, scrubber installed in August 2011.

• Main stream scrubber for Wärtsilä 7L64 main engine, 12600kW.
• Vessel built 2002 (Sietas, Hamburg).
• Operating area Baltic Sea and North Sea.
• Finnish flag, classification society GL.
Equipment locations Containerships VII
Scrubber “tower” Scrubber tower
Equipment container
Engine room
Cargo area
Equipment container
Scrubber tower lifted onboard Containerships VII
Containerships VII Scrubber Installed Containerships VII
Effluent Monitoring Module
• Dimensions:
Height: 1370 mm
Width: 810 mm
Depth: 650 mm
Weight: 300 kg
• Installed in equipment container.
BOTUs installed
Containerships VII
BOTU = Bleed-Off Treatment Unit

• In equipment container.
• Capacity 2 x 2.5 m3/h.
• 10 m3 holding tank capacity
included.
UPGRADING
• New units will reduce effluent
turbidity.
29 © Wärtsilä This document is the property of Wärtsilä Corporation and shall not be copied or reproduced without the consent of the owner. © Wärtsilä
Containerships VII SOx measurements Containerships VII
•Fuel sulphur content 1.84 %.

•Measurement by ackredited third party 2.12.2011.
Algoma Fleet renewal project
New generation for Great Lakes Bulk Carriers

Energy efficiency & Environment
Optimised hull form

TIER II compliant engines
Exhaust gas scrubbers
Ballast water treatment
Advanced waste water management
Official Green Passport
Algoma Scrubber arrangement
Exhaust
gas fans
Exhaust gas
Scrubber by-pass
dampers
Exhaust
gas inlet
Wet sump
Algoma Equinox class
Lessons learnt – Containerships VII
# ISSUE CORRECTIVE ACTION

1 Scrubbing water pump jam Pump modified
2 Scrubbing water pump cavitation Sump level modified
3 Vibrations from ship hull Sensitive equipment elastically mounted
4 Effluent turbidity sensor fouling Automatic cleaning installed
5 Several other minor challenges Corrected
6 Effluent turbidity New Bleed-Off Treatment System
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd - Ignazio Messina & C
Yard DSME
Vessel Hull 4465/66/67/68
Size of SWS 4 x 2 MW auxiliary engine
1 x 1 MW boiler
Installation type New building
Delivery January 2011
July 2011
January 2012
June 2012
Performance :
• 98% SOx Removal
• 60-80% Particulate Removal
• Up to 4,5% fuel sulphur content
• Prepared for main engine scrubbing
Hamworthy Krystallon Ltd – Scrubbing Technology
Test station at Hamworthy Moss
• 1 MW Exhaust Gas Cleaning installation
• Tests run continously
• Training for ships crew on Inert Gas Systems
• Future training on Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems
• Demonstration for potential customers
Ship Type Specific Features - Dredgers
# FEATURE IMPACT ON SCRUBBER

1 Muddy water Sea chests to be located in good place.
Fine sea water (automatic) strainers.
Good strainers minimize unnecessary sand content in sludge.
High sea water turbidity as such is not a problem, as regulations
specify delta-turbidity, but needs to be taken into account when
specifying instrument measurement range and automatic cleaning.
2 Low funnel In scrubber open loop operation, low operating costs due to low
scrubbing water pump pressure.
3 Deck cranes Crane sweeping area to be considered, in particular in retrofit
projects.
4 Load variations Diesel engine load varies considerably during dredging. This has no
impact on scrubber operation.
Open loop scrubbers are inherently insensitive.
For closed loop scrubbers appropriate pH control algorithms
ensure pH control loop stability (confirmed by testing).
5 High average load High annual fuel consumption increases scrubber investment
profitability.
Engine load fluctuation during dredging process
Dredger with main engines 2 x Wärtsilä 12V46C
SOx reduction and pH control perfectly stable during transient
Scrubbing water ph, exhaust gas

CO2 and exhaust gas SO2 historical
trend recorded in dynamic test.
Two auxiliary engines Shaft generator

Auxiliary engine
loaded loaded alone
nr 3 loaded
alone
Auxiliary engine nr 3
During the dynamic test the
running without load scrubber was exposed to
artificially heavy and fast load
variations
CO2 in exhaust
Load of auxiliary engine
gas
nr 3 Scrubbing water pH Auxiliary engine nr 3
stopped
SO2 content in
exhaust gas
(sulphur in fuel)
Thank You!

3 Scrubbers Wartsila

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Formati disponibili

SOx Scrubbing of Marine Exhaust Gases

EUROPEAN DREDGING ASSOCIATION - EUDA

–67% –78% –71% –97% –86%

IMO SOx Emissions Control

North American SOx and NOx Emission Control Area.

Caribbean SOx and NOx Emission Control Area.

By engine maker or designer * By boiler maker or designer *

Technical safety approved.

1. Roles of classification societies in scrubber projects:

Neutralization takes place with appropriate pH, either by:

Open sea alkalinity

Closed loop Open loop Hybrid

Main features Integrated Silencers

MS Zaandam / Carnival Corporation Retrofit x 2007

MT Suula / Neste shipping Retrofit x 2008

APL England / APL Retrofit x 2011

2 vessel / x* Newbuilding x 2013/2014

4 vessels / Ignazio Messina & C.S.p.A Newbuilding x 2013/2014

* customer wants to remain anonymous

• Containerships VII, scrubber installed in August 2011.

Scrubber “tower” Scrubber tower

BOTU = Bleed-Off Treatment Unit

•Fuel sulphur content 1.84 %.

New generation for Great Lakes Bulk Carriers

Optimised hull form

# ISSUE CORRECTIVE ACTION

Test station at Hamworthy Moss

• 1 MW Exhaust Gas Cleaning installation

• Tests run continously

• Training for ships crew on Inert Gas Systems

• Future training on Exhaust Gas Cleaning Systems

• Demonstration for potential customers

# FEATURE IMPACT ON SCRUBBER

Scrubbing water ph, exhaust gas

Two auxiliary engines Shaft generator

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