Sei sulla pagina 1di 12

PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 1 FORMULA SHEET

FLEXURAL DESIGN OF PRERSTRESS MEMBERS


CASE A: BEAMS IN WHICH PRESTRESS ECCENTRICITY VARIES ALONG THE SPAN

PERMISSIBLE STRESSES (From Table 3.1)

fci = Extreme fiber stress in compression immediately after transfer


= - 0.60 fci/
fti = Extreme fiber stress in tension immediately after transfer
= + 3 √ fci/
fcs = Extreme fiber stress in compression, after all prestress losses
= - 0.45 fc/
fts = Extreme fiber stress intension, after all prestress losses
= + 6 √ fc/
MOMENT CALCULATIONS (Assume self weight of the girder)
Wo =
Mo (ft-kips)= 1/8 WoL2
Md + Ml = 1/8 (D.L. + L.L.)L2 (ft-kips)
Mt = Mo + Md + Ml (ft-kips)
SECTION MODULI (with respect to the top and bottom surfaces of the concrete beam)
S1 > (1 – R) Mo + Md + Ml / R fti - fcs
S2 > (1 – R) Mo + Md + Ml / fts - R fci (in3)
If above values are nearly the same then a symmetrical beam should be adopted.

SECTION PROPERTIES
From Table A.8, the select the beam meeting the requirements:
Concrete Centroidal Stress
fcci = fti - c1 (fti – fci) / h (ksi)
Initial Prestress Force
Pi = Ac fcci (kips)
Tendon eccentricity (at the maximum moment section)
e = (fti – fcci) S1 / Pi + Mo /Pi (in)
PRESTRESS REINFORCEMENT
The minimum tensile strength, according to table 2.1, is fpu (ksi.) and for normal prestressing wire,
the yield strength may be taken as fpy = 0.85 x fpu (ksi)
According to the ACI Code (Table 3.2), the permissible strength in the wire immediately after
transfer must not exceed
(a) 0.82 fpy (ksi) or
(b) 0.74 fpu ksi which one is lesser.
The required area of prestress steel = Ap = Pi / (permissible strength in the wire immediately
after transfer)
Chose the wires for above calculated Area, then the number of wires required is
Number of wires = Area of Pre-Stressing Steel required/ Area of one wire
Choose the tendon Based on the no. of wires required.
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 2 FORMULA SHEET

CHECK FOR PERMISSIBLE STRESS LIMITS

It is required to check the calculations by confirming that permissible stress limits are not exceeded at
critical load stages.
The top and bottom surface concrete stresses produced (f1 & f2), by separate loadings will be as under:

(a) At Initial Prestress Force (Pi)

f1 = Concrete stress at the top face = - Pi/Ac (1 - eC1/r2)

f2 = Concrete stress at the bottom face = - Pi/Ac (1 + eC2/r2)

(b) At Effective Prestress Force (Pe)

f1 = Concrete stress at the top face = 0.85f1


f2 = Concrete stress at the bottom face = 0.85f2

(c) At Self weight Moment (Mo)

f1 = Concrete stress at the top face = - Mo / S1


f2 = Concrete stress at the bottom face = + Mo / S2

(d) At Full Service Load Moment (Md + Ml )

f1 = Concrete stress at the top face = - Md + Ml / S1


f2 = Concrete stress at the bottom face = + Md + Ml / S2

When the initial prestress force is applied and only the beam self weight acts, the top and
bottom stresses in the concrete at midspan are, respectively

f1 = - Pi/Ac (1 - eC1/r2) - Mo / S1
f2 = - Pi/Ac (1 + eC2/r2) + Mo / S2

When the prestress force has reduced to its effective value and the full service load is applied,
the concrete stresses are:

f1 = + 0.85f1 - Mo / S1 - Md + Ml / S1
f2 = 0.85f2 + Mo / S2 + Md + Ml / S2

Make a Comparison with the specified limit stresses (From Table 3.1) and check the design.
===============================================================
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 3 FORMULA SHEET
CASE B: BEAMS WITH CONSTANT ECCENTRICITY
PERMISSIBLE STRESSES (From Table 3.1)
fci = Extreme fiber stress in compression immediately after transfer
= - 0.60 fci/
fti = Extreme fiber stress in tension immediately after transfer
= + 3 √ fci/
fcs = Extreme fiber stress in compression, after all prestress losses
= - 0.45 fc/
fts = Extreme fiber stress intension, after all prestress losses
= + 6 √ fc/
MOMENT CALCULATIONS
Wo = Assumed Self Weight (Kips)
Mo = 1/8 Wo l 2 (ft-kips)
Md + Ml = 1/8 (D.L. + L.L.) l (ft-kips) 2

Mt = Mo + Md + Ml (ft-kips)
SECTION MODULI (With respect to the top and bottom surfaces of the concrete beam)
S1 > Mo + Md + Ml / R fti - fcs (in3)
S2 > Mo + Md + Ml / fts - R fci (in3)
If the above values are same or nearly same then a symmetrical beam should be adopted.
SECTION PROPERTIES
From Table A.8, for the selected I-section properties:
h = Total Depth (in)
b = Flange width (in)
C1 = Centroid distance from top (in)
C2 = Centroid distance from bottom (in)
Ic = Moment of I nertia of concrete cross section (in4)
S1 = S2 = Ic / C = Section Modului (in3)
Ac = Area of concrete cross section (in2)
r2 = Radius of gyrayion (in2)
Wo = Self-weight (Already assumed)
Concrete Centroidal Stress
fcci = fti - C1 (fti – fci) / h (ksi)
Initial Prestress Force
Pi = Acfcci (kips)
Constant eccentricity
e = (fti – fcci) S1 / Pi (in)

PRESTRESS REINFORCEMENT

Provide the stress-relieved wires based on the required pre-Stress Force.

Find the minimum tensile strength, according to table 2.1,as fpu and for normal prestressing wire,
take the yield strength as fpy= 0.85fpu (ksi)

According to the ACI Code (Table 3.2), the permissible strength in the wire immediately after
transfer must not exceed
(a) 0.82 fpy or
(b) 0.74 fpu Write down the value for whichever is lesser.
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 4 FORMULA SHEET

Chose the wires for above calculated Area, then the number of wires required is
Number of wires = Area of Pre-Stressing Steel required/ Area of one wire
Choose the tendon Based on the no. of wires required.
CHECK FOR PERMISSIBLE STRESS LIMITS
Same as in Case-1
Make a Comparison with the specified limit stresses (From Table 3.1) and check the design.
===============================================================
CASE C: LIMIT ZONE FOR TENDON CENTROID
Data

fci = psi Mo = ft-kips S1 = in3.

fti = psi Mt = ft-kips S2 = in3.

fcs = psi Pi = kips Ac = in2.

fts = psi Pe = kips r2 = kips


Moment Distribution
Mid span Quarter span Support
Mo

Mt

Lower Limit of Steel Centroid from Eq. 4.10


e (x) < fti S1 / Pi + S1 / Ac + Mo (x) / Pi
At supports mid and quarter span
Lower Limit of Steel Centroid from Eq. 4.11
e (x) < - fci S2 / Pi - S2 / Ac + Mo (x) / Pi
Identical results from 2 equations simply confirm that the prestress force has been choosen to exactly
satisfy the stress limits fti and fci.
Upper Limit of Steel Centroid from Eq. 4.12
e (x) > fcs S1 / Pe + S1 / Ac + Mt (x) / Pe
At Support: e (x) =

At Quarter Span : e (x) =

At Mid span: e (x) =

Upper Limit of Steel Centroid from Eq. 4.13


e (x) > fts S2 / Pe - S2 / Ac + Mt (x) / Pe
At Support: e (x) =

At Quarter Span : e (x) =

At Mid span: e (x) =

The second equation based on limiting tension, will control in the loaded stage.
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 5 FORMULA SHEET
CASE F: DESIGN OF BEAM USING SINGLE T-BEAMS HAVING EXCESS CAPACITY
PERMISSIBLE STRESSES (From Table 3.1) in the concrete immediately after transfer and at
service loads
fci = Extreme fiber stress in compression immediately after transfer
= - 0.60 fci/
fti = Extreme fiber stress in tension immediately after transfer
= + 3 √ fci/
fcs = Extreme fiber stress in compression, after all prestress losses
= - 0.45 fc/
fts = Extreme fiber stress intension, after all prestress losses
= + 12 √ fc/
MOMENT CALCULATIONS (Assume self weight of the girder)
Mo = 1/8 Wo l2 =
Md + Ml = 1/8 (D.L. + L.L.) l2
Mt = Mo + Md + Ml
SECTION MODULI (with respect to the top and bottom surfaces of the concrete beam)
S1 > (1 – R) Mo + Md + Ml / R fti - fcs
S2 > (1 – R) Mo + Md + Ml / fts - R fci
Consulting table A.12 regarding section properties of standard single-T sections found in Appendix A.
SECTION PROPERTIES
From Table A.12, I-section will meet the requirements and has the following properties:
Tendon eccentricity (at the maximum moment section)
It is probable that the eccentricity will be controlled by the maximum available depth. Allowing for 3.5
in. from the tendon centroid to the bottom face of the beam:
emax = c2 - 3.5
PRESTRESS FORCE
1 / Pi = R (1 + eC2 / r2) / (-fts + Mt / S2) Ac ------------------------------------------ (4.20)
Pe = Pi x R
PRESTRESS REINFORCEMENT (Same as in previous Case)

CHECK FOR PERMISSIBLE STRESS LIMIT (Same as in previous Case)

DESIGN OF BEAM INITIATING WITH “LOAD BALANCING”

PERMISSIBLE STRESSES (From Table 3.1) in the concrete immediately after transfer and at
service loads
fci = Extreme fiber stress in compression immediately after transfer
= - 0.60 fci/
fti = Extreme fiber stress in tension immediately after transfer
= + 3 √ fci/
fcs = Extreme fiber stress in compression, after all prestress losses
= - 0.45 fc/
fts = Extreme fiber stress intension, after all prestress losses
= + 12 √ fc/
SECTION DIMENSIONS Assume Span-Depth Ratio

Depth of section = span/ span-depth ratio =

Assume Width of Section =


PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 6 FORMULA SHEET
SECTION PROPERTIES

LOAD CALCULATIONS

Wo = Self Weight
Wd = Dead Load
Wl = Live Load
Wl (fractional) = Wl x Kb
W bal = Wo + Wd + Wl (fractional)
Tendon eccentricity (at the maximum moment section)
PRESTRESS FORCE
Pe = Wbal l2/(8y)
Pi = Pe / R
PRESTRESS REINFORCEMENT
The required Pi will be provided using stranded cable, with fpu = psi and fpy = 0.85 fpu
According to the ACI Code (Table 3.2), the permissible strength in the cable immediately after
transfer must not exceed
(a) 0.82 fpy =
(b) 0.74 fpu = which one is lesser.
The required area of prestress steel = Ap = Pi / lesser of above a or b

STRESSES IN THE BEAM


For the Balanced load stage, the concrete will be subjected to a uniform compressive stress of
fbal = Pe /Ac
If the partial live load is removed, the stresses to be superimposed on fbal result from a net upward load.
Resulting moment will be
Munbal = wel2/8
The unbalanced bending stresses at the top and bottom faces will be
funbal = Munbal / S
Thus, the net stresses (for Pe + Mo + Md) are
f1 = fbal +funbal
f2 = fbal -funbal
CHECK FOR PERMISSIBLE STRESS LIMITS
Same as in Case-1

PRESTRESSESED CONCRETE DESIGN (LOADBALANCING STAGES)


ec
R(1  22 )
1 r

Pi M
( f ts  t ) Ac
S2
wbal l 2 Pe M unbal.  12
Pe  and f bal  ; f unbal. 
8y Ac S
Pi P
Pi  Ap f pi  f pi  Pe  Ap f pe  f pe  e
Ap Ap
 p  p f pu
f ps  f pu (1  )
1 f c
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 7 FORMULA SHEET
PARTIAL PRESTRESSING
SECTION PROPERTIES
MOMENT CALCULATIONS
Mo = 1/8 Wo l2
Md + Ml = 1/8 (D.L. + L.L.) l2
Mu = 1.4(Mo + Md ) + 1.7Ml
Mn=Mu/0.9
Z=d-8-df/2
M n 12
TENTATIVE STEEL AREA Ap 
0.9  f pu  z
M n  12
COMPRESSIVE CONCRETE AREA Ac 
0.85  f c  z
( wo  wd )l 2
Pe 
8y
Ap f ps  As f y
STRESS BLOCK AT ULTIMATE LOAD a
0.85 f cb
REVISED INTERNAL LEVER Z=d-8-a/2

For cracking control: At  0.0018( Ac )


T  Ap  (0.9 f pu ) M n  12
As  Where; T
fy leverarm
 p   p f pu   f y  
STEEL STRESS AT FAILURE f ps  f pu 1     
 1  c f  f c
 

EFEFECTIVE PRESTRESS FORCE

;
AREA OF REINFORCEMENT As=0.0018Ag

TABLE
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 8 FORMULA SHEET
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 9 FORMULA SHEET
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 10 FORMULA SHEET
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 11 FORMULA SHEET
PRE-STRESSED CONCRETE 12 FORMULA SHEET

Potrebbero piacerti anche