RS1

Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URFR
MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

Lucena City Document Title: Senior High School Research Final Report
An Autonomous University Page No.: Page 1 of 66
Revision No.: 0
DR. CESAR A. VILLARIBA RESEARCH AND Effectivity Date: August 2017
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE Prepared by: DCAVRKMI
Reviewed by: QMR
QUALITY FORM Approved by: President
BATANG AMA: EXPERIENCE AND ADJUSTMENTS
OF TEENAGE FATHERS
A Senior High School Research
Presented to the Basic Education Department
Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation
Lucena City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Practical Research 1
by
Crissa Anne M. Cadag
Kristine May C. Encanto
Jane Mika O.Ramos
Jane Frances D. Jabrica
Shandone Zcynt E. Presas
Kely H. Limbo
November 2018
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Table of Contents
Page
Title Page 1
Table of Contents 2
List of Figures and Tables 4
Acknowledgments 5
1. Abstract 6
2. Background 7
a. Rationale of the Research 7

b. Purpose of the Research 10
c. Theoretical Framework 11
d. Literature Survey 21
e. Significance of the Research 24
f. Statement of Desired Outcomes 25
g. Research Locale 26
h. Target Beneficiaries of Research Results 26
i. Definition of Terms 27
j. Scope and Limitations of the Study 28
3. Description of Method or Approach 29
a. Research Design/Research Instrument/Data Gathering Procedures 29

b. Respondents /Units of Analysis/Subjects of the Study 30
c. Sampling Design and Procedures 30
d. Data Analysis Plan 31
e. Research Paradigm/Conceptual Framework 31
4. Results and Discussion 32
Discussion of Findings 33
Conclusions 45
Recommendations 46
Page
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
References 47
Appendices 49
A. Curriculum Vitae of the Researcher 49

B. Informed Consent Form 55
C. Research Instrument 57
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
List of Figures and Tables
Figure Title Page
1 Research paradigm 31
Table Title Page
1 Respondents’ Demographic Profile 33
2 Effects of being a teenage father in participant’s lives 35
3 Problems experienced by the participants 40
4 Coping Coping strategies used by the participants 42

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Acknowledgments
We would like to acknowledge the following for being part of this research study;
To our research adviser Mr. Nikko del Moro that guided us through out this research ,
thank you for the support and help.
To the panelist that gave us conducive tips and recommendation in making our research
better,
To the participants, thank you for your cooperation and for being part of this research
that helped us to finish this study.
To our family, for supporting us financially, morally and emotionally.
And most specially, thank you to our GOD almight for everything from the start till the
end of our research He have given us strength to carry on with courage knowing that He is
guiding us through out this research process.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Research Title: “Batang Ama: Experience and Adjustments of Teenage Fathers”
Name of Researcher : Crissa Anne M. Cadag

Kristine May C. Encanto
Jane Mika O. Ramos
Jane Frances D. Jabrica
Shandone Zcynt E. Presas
Kely H. Limbo
Name of Research Adviser : Mr. Nikko R. De Moro
1. Abstract
This study aims to understand the experiences and adjustments of teenage fathers.
The researcher explored the effects of being teenage father and determined the coping
strategies used by teenage fathers to adjust in their situations. The researcher’s
respondents were teenage fathers because the focus of the research is all about the
experiences and adjustments of teenage fathers. The researcher was more careful in
asking questions to avoid hurting someone’s feeling in asking questions and the gathered
information will be kept privately because the safety of the respondents will be the
researcher’s obligation. The researcher interviewed 3-5 respondents or 3-5 teenage
fathers to be specific. The researcher chose respondents not only because they are teenage
fathers, the respondents were qualified in the criterias such as he should be a teen when
he became a father and accepts the responsibilities of being a teenage father. The
researcher used purposive sampling because there are criterias in getting respondent to
achieve the goals and answer all the questions in the research. In gathering data, the
researcher used interview protocol and a recorder. And in analyzing data, the researcher
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
used thematic coding. In that kind of coding, the researcher examines the gathered data
and very observant and very specific in all informations. In gathering data, the researcher
will use interview protocol and a recorder. In analyzing data, the researcher used
thematic coding. In that kind of coding, the researcher examined the gathered data and
very observant and very specific in all informations. This way of coding informations
helped the researcher to understand the informations and answers answered by the
respondents. In a research paradigm, the researcher used 3 boxes connected by a line
vertically presenting the adjustments, effects at coping strategies that the teenage fathers
have.
2. Background
a. Rationale of the Research
Pregnancy – the nine months or so for which a woman carries a
developing embryo and fetus in her womb – is for most women a time of great happiness
and fulfilment. However, during pregnancy, both the woman and her developing child
face various health risks. For this reason, it is important that all pregnancies should be
monitored by skilled care providers. (World Health Organization, n.d.). In the first few
weeks of pregnancy, various physical symptoms and new emotions arise. Although many
women felt some anxiety during these early weeks, and some found it hard to believe it
was really happening to them, there was also joy and excitement. (Healthtalk.org
Youthhealthtalk.org, n.d.)
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
In 2011, teen pregnancy in the United States hit a record low at 31.3 births
per 1,000 women ages fifteen to nineteen years old (“QuickStats,” 2012). Basch (2011)
believes that this drop is due to an increase in access to sex education, a delay in initial
sexual intercourse, and an increase in contraceptive use; however, he also stated that girls
born to teen mothers are “66% more likely to become teen mothers” themselves (p. 614).
Although the pregnancy rate for adolescents have been steadily declining, the United
States has a much higher rate of teen pregnancy in comparison to other developed
countries (as cited in Cranford E., n.d.)
South Asia has a large proportion of young people in the world and
teenage pregnancy has emerged as one of the major public health problems among them.
Within South Asia, the recorded teenage pregnancy rate is highest in Bangladesh 35%
followed by Nepal 21% and India 21%15. Teenage pregnancy can have significant effect
on the level of education of women, their employment opportunities and marital stability
and it increases their economic and social dependency on family and neighbours16.
Although teenagers represent a large proportion of population in the developing
countries, still relatively little is known about their sexual knowledge and experience and
the risk associated with the teenage pregnancy17,18,19. In recent years reviews have
been conducted on teenage pregnancies in developing countries or in ethnic
minorities20,21 but none of them have specifically focused on South Asian teenagers.
This is a gap as there are cultural variations and differences and consequently the
attitudes of teenagers could be different from other parts of Asia.
(Raj,Rabi,Amudha,Edwin R,and Glyn,2010.p.3-4)

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
The Philippines teenage pregnancy rate has increased by 60% in the year
2000- 2010, according to the Philippine National Statistics Office. This is very alarming.
Teenage pregnancy often occurs between the ages of 15-19 years old, often in this age the
girls are still studying. The life of a Student Mother is no easy feat they have to juggle
their time between attending their classes, making their requirements, taking care of their
child and taking care of the house. They become the primary caregiver of their child and
are expected to rear their child well. Many of these student mothers also engage in
working part-time to help in the financial burdens of both studying and caring for the
child. But, this becomes another disadvantage as it takes up time and effort on the part of
the Student Mother. (“Teenage Pregnancy”, 2017)
The teen fathers reported personal changes that were brought about by
becoming a father. For some, the thought of becoming father forced them to change their
behavior and lifestyle for the better.
The transition from boy to father influenced how teen fathers perceived
themselves. The experience of becoming fathers made them recognized that they needed
to complete school in order to become better fathers. They reflected on the sort of fathers
they wanted to be and started to make necessary changes in their lives. (Madiba and
Nsiki,2017, p.503)
Over the years, Researchers usually give attention to the teenage mothers and
their experiences. That is why the researchers conduct a research, the researchers want to
understand the situations of teenage fathers. If people talk about their situations, many
negative comments were given to them. We conduct a study to understand and have
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
deeper view about it and to determine their strategies to overcome their problems and to
assess what to do to help them.
b. Purpose of the Research
This study aims to explore and understand the experiences and adjustments of teenage
fathers.
Especially, the study seeks to answer the following sub problems:
1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of:
a. age when he became a father?
b. present age?
c. monthly family income?
d. religion?
e. educational background?
2. How did being a teenage father affect their lives in terms of:
a. psychosocial life?
b. academic performance?
c.his family and the family of the mother of his child?

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
d. his life?
3. How do teenage fathers adjust and use coping strategies in terms of:
a. psychosocial life?
a. academic performance?
b. his family and the family of the mother of his child?
c. his life?
c. Theoretical Framework
1. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development
What Is Psychosocial Development?
So what exactly did Erikson's theory of psychosocial development entail? Much like Sigmund
Freud, Erikson believed that personality developed in a series of stages. Unlike Freud's theory of
psychosexual stages, Erikson's theory described the impact of social experience across the whole
lifespan. Erikson was interested in how social interaction and relationships played a role in the
development and growth of human beings.
Each stage in Erikson's theory builds on the preceding stages and paves the way for following
periods of development.
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
In each stage, Erikson believed people experience a conflict that serves as a turning point in
development. In Erikson's view, these conflicts are centered on either developing a psychological
quality or failing to develop that quality. During these times, the potential for personal growth is
high but so is the potential for failure.
If people successfully deal with the conflict, they emerge from the stage with psychological
strengths that will serve them well for the rest of their lives. If they fail to deal effectively with
these conflicts, they may not develop the essential skills needed for a strong sense of self.
Erikson also believed that a sense of competence motivates behaviors and actions. Each stage in
Erikson's theory is concerned with becoming competent in an area of life. If the stage is handled
well, the person will feel a sense of mastery, which is sometimes referred to as ego strength or
ego quality. If the stage is managed poorly, the person will emerge with a sense of inadequacy in
that aspect of development.
Psychosocial Stage 1 - Trust vs. Mistrust
The first stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development occurs between birth and one
year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life.
Because an infant is utterly dependent, developing trust is based on the dependability and quality
of the child's caregivers. At this point in development, the child is utterly dependent upon adult
caregivers for everything that he or she needs to survive including food, love, warmth, safety,
and nurturing.
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Everything. If a caregiver fails to provide adequate care and love, the child will come to feel that
he or she cannot trust or depend upon the adults in his or her life.
If a child successfully develops trust, he or she will feel safe and secure in the world. Caregivers
who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in
the children under their care. Failure to develop trust will result in fear and a belief that the world
is inconsistent and unpredictable.
Of course, no child is going to develop a sense of 100 percent trust or 100 percent doubt. Erikson
believed that successful development was all about striking a balance between the two opposing
sides.
When this happens, children acquire hope, which Erikson described as an openness to experience
tempered by some wariness that danger may be present.
Psychosocial Stage 2 - Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
The second stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development takes place during early
childhood and is focused on children developing a greater sense of personal control.
At this point in development, children are just starting to gain a little independence. They are
starting to perform basic actions on their own and making simple decisions about what they
prefer. By allowing kids to make choices and gain control, parents and caregivers can help
children develop a sense of autonomy.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Like Freud, Erikson believed that toilet training was a vital part of this process. However,
Erikson's reasoning was quite different than that of Freud's. Erikson believed that learning to
control one's bodily functions leads to a feeling of control and a sense of independence.
Other important events include gaining more control over food choices, toy preferences, and
clothing selection.
Children who successfully complete this stage feel secure and confident, while those who do not
are left with a sense of inadequacy and self-doubt. Erikson believed that achieving a balance
between autonomy and shame and doubt would lead to will, which is the belief that children can
act with intention, within reason and limits.
Psychosocial Stage 3 - Initiative vs. Guilt
The third stage of psychosocial development takes place during the preschool years.
At this point in psychosocial development, children begin to assert their power and control over
the world through directing play and other social interactions.
Children who are successful at this stage feel capable and able to lead others. Those who fail to
acquire these skills are left with a sense of guilt, self-doubt, and lack of initiative.
When an ideal balance of individual initiative and a willingness to work with others is achieved,
the ego quality known as purpose emerges.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Psychosocial Stage 4 - Industry vs. Inferiority
The fourth psychosocial stage takes place during the early school years from approximately age
5 to 11.
Through social interactions, children begin to develop a sense of pride in their accomplishments
and abilities. Children who are encouraged and commended by parents and teachers develop a
feeling of competence and belief in their skills. Those who receive little or no encouragement
from parents, teachers, or peers will doubt their abilities to be successful.
Successfully finding a balance at this stage of psychosocial development leads to the strength
known as competence, in which children develop a belief their abilities to handle the tasks set
before them.
Psychosocial Stage 5 - Identity vs. Confusion
The fifth psychosocial stage takes place during the often turbulent teenage years. This stage
plays an essential role in developing a sense of personal identity which will continue to influence
behavior and development for the rest of a person's life.
During adolescence, children explore their independence and develop a sense of self. Those who
receive proper encouragement and reinforcement through personal exploration will emerge from
this stage with a strong sense of self and feelings of independence and control. Those who
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
remain unsure of their beliefs and desires will feel insecure and confused about themselves and
the future.
When psychologists talk about identity, they are referring to all of the beliefs, ideals, and values
that help shape and guide a person's behavior. Completing this stage successfully leads
to fidelity, which Erikson described as an ability to live by society's standards and expectations.
While Erikson believed that each stage of psychosocial development was important, he placed a
particular emphasis on the development of ego identity. Ego identity is the conscious sense of
self that we develop through social interaction and becomes a central focus during the identity
versus confusion stage of psychosocial development.
According to Erikson, our ego identity constantly changes due to new experiences and
information we acquire in our daily interactions with others. As we have new experiences, we
also take on challenges that can help or hinder the development of identity.
Our personal identity gives each of us an integrated and cohesive sense of self that endures
through our lives. Our sense of personal identity is shaped by our experiences and interactions
with others, and it is this identity that helps guide our actions, beliefs, and behaviors as we age.
Psychosocial Stage 6 - Intimacy vs. Isolation
This stage covers the period of early adulthood when people are exploring personal relationships.
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Erikson believed it was vital that people develop close, committed relationships with other
people. Those who are successful at this step will form relationships that are enduring and
secure.
Remember that each step builds on skills learned in previous steps. Erikson believed that a
strong sense of personal identity was important for developing intimate relationships. Studies
have demonstrated that those with a poor sense of self do tend to have less committed
relationships and are more likely to suffer emotional isolation, loneliness, and depression.
Successful resolution of this stage results in the virtue known as love. It is marked by the ability
to form lasting, meaningful relationships with other people.
Psychosocial Stage 7 - Generativity vs. Stagnation
During adulthood, we continue to build our lives, focusing on our career and family.
Those who are successful during this phase will feel that they are contributing to the world by
being active in their home and community. Those who fail to attain this skill will feel
unproductive and uninvolved in the world.
Care is the virtue achieved when this stage is handled successfully. Being proud of your
accomplishments, watching your children grow into adults, and developing a sense of unity with
your life partner are important accomplishments of this stage.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Psychosocial Stage 8 - Integrity vs. Despair
The final psychosocial stage occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting back on life.
At this point in development, people look back on the events of their lives and determine if they
are happy with the life that they lived or if they regret the things they did or didn't do.
Those who are unsuccessful during this stage will feel that their life has been wasted and will
experience many regrets. The individual will be left with feelings of bitterness and despair.
Those who feel proud of their accomplishments will feel a sense of integrity. Successfully
completing this phase means looking back with few regrets and a general feeling of satisfaction.
These individuals will attain wisdom, even when confronting death. (Cherry,K.,2018)
2. Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
The original hierarchy of needs five-stage model includes:
Maslow (1943, 1954) stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs and that some
needs take precedence over others. Our most basic need is for physical survival, and this will be
the first thing that motivates our behavior. Once that level is fulfilled the next level up is what
motivates us, and so on.
1. Physiological needs - these are biological requirements for human survival, e.g. air, food,
drink, shelter, clothing, warmth, sex, sleep.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
If these needs are not satisfied the human body cannot function optimally. Maslow considered
physiological needs the most important as all the other needs become secondary until these needs
are met.
2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, stability, freedom from fear.
3. Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and safety needs have been fulfilled, the
third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness. The need for
interpersonal relationships motivates behavior
Examples include friendship, intimacy, trust, and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and
love. Affiliating, being part of a group (family, friends, work).
4. Esteem needs - which Maslow classified into two categories: (i) esteem for oneself (dignity,
achievement, mastery, independence) and (ii) the desire for reputation or respect from others
(e.g., status, prestige).
Maslow indicated that the need for respect or reputation is most important for children and
adolescents and precedes real self-esteem or dignity.
5. Self-actualization needs - realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, seeking personal
growth and peak experiences. A desire “to become everything one is capable of
becoming”(Maslow, 1987, p. 64). (McLeod S.,2018)

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
3. Piaget's theory of cognitive development
Piaget's theory of cognitive development is a comprehensive theory about the nature and
development of human intelligence. It was first created by the Swiss developmental psychologist
Jean Piaget (1896–1980). The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans
gradually come to acquire, construct, and use it.[1] Piaget's theory is mainly known as a
developmental stage theory.
To Piaget, cognitive development was a progressive reorganization of mental processes resulting
from biological maturation and environmental experience. He believed that children construct an
understanding of the world around them, experience discrepancies between what they already
know and what they discover in their environment, then adjust their ideas accordingly.[2]
Moreover, Piaget claimed that cognitive development is at the center of the human organism, and
language is contingent on knowledge and understanding acquired through cognitive
development.[3] Piaget's earlier work received the greatest attention.
Child-centered classrooms and "open education" are direct applications of Piaget's views.[4]
Despite its huge success, Piaget's theory has some limitations that Piaget recognized himself: for
example, the theory supports sharp stages rather than continuous development (horizontal and
vertical décalage).[5]
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
d. Literature Survey
Fatherhood role is a complex but also, a very meaningful and influential part of a
child’s development (Hermansen, Croninger & Croninger,2015)
The transition to fatherhood research highlights the unique experiences of 21st
century fathers as they navigate the changing landscape of fatherhood (Carlson,
Kendall & Edleson,2016)
The task of being a father at an early age signifies a major change in the life of an
adolescent, hence adolescent fathers face a unique set of challenges, including
stereotypes that label them as absent or uncaring (Weber 2012:901).
Moreover, the primary focus of family-centred child welfare services continues
to be oriented toward adolescent mothers (Lemay, Cashman, Elfenbein & Felice,2010)
Issues pertinent to adolescent fathers are not given much consideration. Despite
the attention they receive and teen fathers have been noticeably absent from the
discussions (Weber,2012)
Being a father during this stage represents major changes that make adolescent
fathers vulnerable; they struggle with issues of adolescence and this is complicated by
challenges associated with becoming a father. In literature, adolescent parenthood is
primarily conceptualised from a deficit perspective; adolescent parents are
characterised by the extent to which they do not meet the ideal conditions for
pregnancy and parenthood (Fletcher & Wolfe,2012; Paschal, Lewis Moss &
Hsiao,2011)
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Since few adolescent fathers share a household with their children the paternal
involvement is known to decline over time. They are frequently less involved with their
children than more mature fathers (Lemay et al,2010)
They are also not taken into account by service providers, including health
practitioners and researchers (Lemay et al.,2010)
However, results from the study ‘Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing’ by
Fragile Families Research Brief (in Lemay et al,2010), showed that 93% of single
mothers interviewed reported a desire to have the father involved in raising their child
(Lemay et al 2010)
The presence of the father for his child in most cases improves the social and
psychological status of the father, mother and the child (Hermansen et al 2015)
In South Africa, the perspective of adolescent boys on fatherhood is particularly
interesting because their “identities as men are being shaped in a situation of father’s
absence”.
Ratele, Shefer & Clowes (2012) argued that the absence of biological fathers in
South Africa has been constructed as a problem for children of both sexes but more so
for boys and they are constructed as either absent or ‘bad’.
A study conducted by the South African Child Gauge(SACG) (2010 in Meinties
& Hall 2011) reported that in Limpopo Province 46,3% of children stay with mothers
only whilst 1,5% live with the father. This implies that there are many children who
grow up without fathers.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
A study conducted by the Human Science Research Council called ‘Teenage Tata’
in 2013 found that 26% of South Africa’s adolescent fathers were still at school and
40% were unemployed (Swartz, Bhana, Ritcher & Versveld 2013).
Statistics from one of the Lepelle Nkumpi municipality level one hospitals
showed that 290 teenagers gave birth between 21 st August 2012 and 31st December
2012 (Maternity Register Book:2012). It is important to understand how adolescent
fathers make sense of transitioning to parenthood.
First time parents are more successful when they have completed their other
transitions to education, to work, to citizenship and marriage (Kiselica & Kiselica
2014)
Adolescent fathers represent a vulnerable population with many characteristics
similar to those of adolescent mothers (Lemay et al 2010.
The extent to which a young man is ready for fatherhood and paternally involved
tends to be influenced by how he views the father role (Paschal et al.,2011)
The transition from boyhood to manhood takes different forms in different
societies; hence, an understanding of the complexities of boys becoming men must
integrate their needs, attitudes, and beliefs regarding fatherhood (Lemay et al 2010:)
An understanding of how adolescent fathers regard their role is influenced by
considering their needs and beliefs regarding the situation. Although extensive and a
variety of intervention programmes have been implemented for adolescent mothers,
research focused on adolescent fatherhood continues to be limited, and research
examining the psychological well-being of adolescents confronting fatherhood still lags

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
far behind, hence the need for this study (Hunt, Caldwell & Assari 2015; Lemay et al
2010)
The concept refers to a young father who is between thirteen and nineteen years
old (Lemay et al 2010). This study defines ‘adolescent father’ as a young man between
13 and 19 years who is a father and whose partner is also an adolescent. Focus is on
mid and late adolescent fathers.
Chideya Y. and Williams F. (2014) found that becoming a father resulted in the
teen fathers changing their behaviour for the sake of their child. It is notable that
teenagers in poor rural settings experienced fatherhood in similar manner like teen
fathers in well-developed countries.
e. Significance of the Research
The researchers conducted a research which is all about experience and adjustments of
teenage father. It is very significant to gather facts and information about their
experiences and adjustments to add informations about them and so that the people would
have a deeper view and understand their situations. The researchers decided to make a
research about young fathers because they are the one of the problems in our society.
To the school, which is Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation this study will
help them to guide young fathers and prevent any kind of bullying to happen because
bullying has a big effect on young fathers.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
To the teens, this study will help them to realize those things that they shouldn’t
do, serve as a lesson to them and so that they will be responsible enough in decision
making.
To the teenage fathes,this study will help to know their responsibilities of being a
father and to manage their time of being a father and being a student. And also, to know
their limitation so that they will able to teach the right thing to do to their children and
they’ll be responsible and to have dignity.
To the researcher, this would be helpful to know the situations of a young fathers
and also to have a deeper view about their situations.
To help the future researchers to know more information that they will need for
their research.And this researcher will provide informations and datas that they wil be
needed.
e. Statement of Desired Outcomes
The research is not for the researcher to have a completion in their requirements.
Their goal is not only for theme but also for the teenage fathers. The researcher
conducted a study to have a deeper view about it. And also, to understand and be
responsible in and any decisions to prevent things that we're not ready and not
appropriate in our age. For the people around teenage fathers, to understand and don't
judge them because they don't know the sacrifices and adjustments they did. And as a
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
result of this study, students should be aware and observant in things they do and they'll
do to prevent regrets and be responsible enough.
f. Research Locale
The researcher conducted a study in different parts of Quezon Province. The researchers found
respondents with the help of some of the reseacher's friends.
The researchers conducted a study because it is important to know the emotional and
psychosocial adjustments of teenage fathers in terms on how they adjusted for theirselves and for
the teenage fathers family. In the locale there are limited data and respondents that the reseachers
gathered. The reseachers conclude that the locale is in Quezon Province for some purposes like
to help the future researchers for gathering new information about teenage fathers in this
particular area or place.
g. Target Beneficiaries of Research Results
Target Beneficiaries Total

1. Participants 3
2. Teens 10 or more
3. Future Researchers 10 or more
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
h. Definition of Terms
The following terms are frequently used in this study. It will help the researchers to
easily understand and avoid minsterpretation of the terms and for them to easily
understand the message of this research.
Illuminating - providing insight, clarity, or understanding: highly
informative (Merriam- Webster,2018)
Burgeoned - to grow and expand rapidly (Merriam-Webster,2018)
Reluctant - feeling or showing aversion, hesitation, or
unwillingness (Merriam-Webster,2018)
Reluctant - to get involved; also: having or assuming a specified role
unwillingly (Merriam-Webster,2018)
Fatherhood - it considers perceptions and experiences of how the
concept and practice of fatherhood are undergoing important changes. (Williams,
2008)
Teenage pregnancy - Teenage pregnancy is pregnancy in a woman 19
years of age or younger. A woman can get pregnant if she has vaginal sex with a
man at any age after she’s begun having regular monthly periods
(Carey & Seladi-Schulman, 2018)
Experience - something personally encountered, undergone, or lived
through (Merriam- Webster,2018)

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Adjustment - a correction or modification to reflect actual conditions
(Merriam-Webster,2018)
i. Scope and Limitation of the Study
This study was conducted to determine the experiences and adjustments of
teenage fathers.. The researcher have respondents that helped them to answer all the
questions in their research. In this case, the respondents were only teenage fathers
because the focus is on them, on how they adjust on the situation and how does it feel
to be a teenage father.
This study was limited by it’s criteria. They were only 3 participants available and
willing to be interviewed by the researcher. The study was conducted in Quezon
Province, year 2018-2019. This study was limited because the teenage fathers are the
only persons involved so that the researcher can determine all the objectives that they
want to be answered. In this study, the reseacrcher didn’t ask questions that is too
exaggerated, not related in the study, unnecessary and questions that can hurt someone's
feeling. Also, the researcher didn’t force a person to be a respondent in the study is he
or she doesn't want to do it. The researcher didn’t invade someone's privacy because as
a researchers they know the violations or consequences that they can make if they steal
someone's intellectual property without any permission or citations that we will use in
our study. The safety of the respondents is researcher’s responsibility and obligation.
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
The researcher gathered all the facts and necessary data. The conducted study was
limited in terms of availability in sources and literatures. The study was all about how
can teenage fathers handle this kind of situation, how their life changes when the time
that he knows that his partner or girlfriend is pregnant and how they will overcome all
this trial.
3. Description of Method or Approach
a. Research Design/Research Instrument/Data Gathering Procedures
The researcher used the qualitative method which is descriptive method to be
specific, this method studied and discover human experiences through the description of
teenagers who alleged their responsibilities as a father. These were the experiences of the
participants themselves. The participants answered the set of questions made by the
researchers in order to discover their experiences as a teen age father and the adjustments
they did.
The researchers prepared a demographic profile checklist and used an interview
protocol in gathering data. Those set of questions were based on the objectives of the
researchers to have the ability to demonstrate their experiences and adjustments. Using
an audio recorder as the interviews take place to assure the exactness of the participant’s
responses.
They gave the set of question days before the actual interview so that the
respondents can easily answer and narrate their experiences, adjustment and coping
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
strategies. The researcher asked for formal permission to the parents of the underaged
participants and to the respondents personally. They also asked for the availability of the
respondents and then visit them in their respected residence conduction a one-on-one
interview. The interview consumed about an hour per person.
b. Respondents/Units of Analysis/Subjects of the Study
The researcher interviewed 3 respondents or 3 teenage fathers to be specific. The
researchers chose the respondents not only because they are teenage fathers, they chose
the respondents because they qualified in the criterias that theresearcher have. The
criterias of the researcher in choosing respondents are the following: he should be a teen
when he became a teenage father and also he should take his responsibilities as a teenage
father.
c. Sampling Design and Procedures
The researcher purposively chose the respondents to identify the experiences,
adjustments and coping strategies of teenage fathers. The researcher used purposive
sampling because there are criterias in getting respondent to achieve the goals and
answer all the questions in the research. The 3 teenage fathers passed in the criteries
made by the researcher were very important because the result of the study depends on
them, their willingness to help the researcher to answer the questions.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
d. Data Analysis Plan
In gathering data, the researcher used interview protocol and a recorder. And in
analyzing data, the researcher used thematic coding. In that kind of coding, the
researcher examined the gathered data and very observant and very specific in all
informations. Since the respondents passed all the criterias, it means that they have
similarities. In reading every answer to a given set of questions, it helped the researcher
to easily retrieve the passages that relate in every other respondents that will help the
researcher to answer questions
e. Research Paradigm/Conceptual Framework
Teenage Fathers
Psychosocial Effects
and Adjustments
Coping Strategies
As shown in the paradigm, teenage father experienced effects suchs as in
self-concept, emotional aspect and psychosocial aspect. With the effects of being
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
a teenage father, they are also experiencing problems such as academic aspect,
financial problem an interaction with family members. With these changes, they
did adjustments to have a better quality of lime for him and for his own famiy and
applied coping strategies that can help them to adjust to those changes. These
factor is important in identifying how teenage fathers adjust and overcome
changes in their life so that they can giv a better life for his own family.
4. Results and Discussion
This part of the research presents the data gathered by the researcher from
participants through interview. The data gathered is presented through tables so that the
reader coud understand and have a deeper view about it.
In the study of experience and adjustments of teenage fathers, the whole stdy is
divided into it’s parts as follows according tonthe specific questions.
Table 1.Demographic profile of the participants
Table 2.Effects of being a teenage father in participant’s lives
Table 3.Problems experienced by the participants
Table 4.Coping strategies used by the participants
The effects of being a teenage father’s lives in table 2 is still divided into its important
categories. It is subdivided into the following:
1.Self-Concept
2. Emotional Aspect
3. Psychosocial Aspect
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
The problems experienced by the participants in table 3 is still divided into its important
categories. It is subdivided into the following:
1. Academic Aspect
2. Financial Problem
Table 1.
Demographic profile of the participants
Age when he became a teenage father Frequency Percentage

16 1 33%
17 1 33%
18 1 33%
TOTAL 3 100%
Present Age
16-18 2 67%
18-21 1 33%
TOTAL 3 100%
Family Income
₱1,000-₱5,000 1 33%
₱6,000-₱10,000 2 67%
TOTAL 3 100%
Religion
Roman Catholic 3 100%
TOTAL 3 100%
Grade level when he became a

teenage father
Grade 9 1 33%
Grade 10 2 67%
TOTAL 3 100%
Present Grade Level

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Grade 11 1 33%
Stopped Schooling 2 67%
TOTAL 3 100%
The age when the participants became a teenage father enrolled in the study are
different. There are one (33%) at the age of 16, one (33%) at the age of 17 and one (33%)
at the age of 18, for the total of 3 teenage fathers enrolled in the study.
When it comes to their present age, most of the participants are from the age
bracket of 16-18, there are two (67%) and there are one (33%) from the age bracket of
18-21.
In their family income, most or two (67%) of the participants’ income is from the
bracket of ₱6,000-₱10,000 and one (33%) from the bracket of ₱1,000-₱5,000.
When it comes to the religion of the participant 100% (3) are Roman Catholic.
In thei grade level when they became a teenage father, most of them or two(67%)
are Grade 10 then and one (33%) is Grade 9. And in their present grade level, most of
them or two (67%) are stopped schooling and only one (33%) still studying.
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Table 2.
Effects of being a teenage father in participant’s lives
Codes/Categories Description
SELF-CONCEPT
Changes in sense of life “maraming nagbago sa aking sarili namulat ako sa

katotohanan na hindi na ako katulad ng dati na pa
easy-easy lang at wala pang dalang matinding
responsibilidad…”
“malaking pagbabago ang naidulot nito sa aking

buhay. Noon ay sarili ko lang ang parati kong
naiisip pero noong akoy naging batang ama mas
natutunan ko kung papaano bigyang pahalaga ang
ibang tao lalo na ang aking pamilya. Dati lagi ko
lang pinoproblema ay mga karaniwang problema ng
isang binata, ngayon kailangan ko matustusan ang
pangangailangan ng aking pamilya dahil sakin sila
nakasalalay”
“ano mahirap kase hindi na katulad dati na nung

binata pa ako na easy easy lang ako tambay lang
ganto tambay aral tropa at kung saan saan diyan
lang mahirap na kase ngayon.ano trabaho trabaho
trabaho na lang ako minsan na lang na wala lang
time para sakin na magpahinga ano once week.”
“…kaya napapariwara na din ako”
Emotional Aspect
Emotional disturbances on being a teenage “…kaya nung una, sobrang nahihiya ako. Na
father
parang wala akong maiharap o maipakitang mukha
sa mga kamag-anak ko, kapit bahay, kaibigan,
kaklase at baka kung anong masasakit na salita ang
sabihin nila sa akin..”
“…na dumating ako sa point na ano na takot na
takot ako humarap ako kase diko alam ang kung

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
anong mukang ihaharap ko…”
“nahiya po ako..”
“…naging immune sa mga masasamang sasabihin
ng iba kumbaga'y wala akong pakealam sa kanila’’
Psychosocial Aspect
Gain more social support and consderation “…. Tapos binibigyan na lang din ako ng
konsiderasyon ng mga guro ko kasi nauunawaan
naman nila yung kailangan kong punan yung
responsibilidad ko kapag minsan ay di ako
nakakapasok. Saka sa mga grupong gawain, hindi
nila ako binibigyan ng mga mahihirap na tungkulin
kasi nga raw marami daw akong ginagawa pag
uuwi ako sa amin"
“…Kinaya ko ang pagiging batang ama dahil alam
kong nandyan si God na alam kong hindi kami
papabyaan ng pamilya ko nanriyan din ang ang mga
kaibigan ko at lalo na ang pamilya ko at pamilya ng
kasintahan ko..”
Participants were asked to talk about the effects of being a teenage father in their
lives in terms of self-concept, emotional aspect and psychosocial aspect. The
participant’s answers clustered around three themes which are sense of life, emotional
disturbances on being a teenage father and gain more social support and consideration.
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Changes in sense of life
All o the participants are related somehow, as a consequence of being ateenage
father they had experienced changes in their sense of life and by that, they wer engaged
struggles to manage that process. The phrase self-concept was not mentioned by the
researcher or interviewer, the participants was asked and they used their own words about
their experiences and describe the effects of being a teenage father in their lives.
All of their answers are describing and stated the greatest changes sense of life
because of being a teenage father.And by that, the changes that they experienced, it
caused them to do everything to survive and responsible enough as a father.
INT: Anong epekto ng pagiging batang ama sa iyong buhay?
PAR: Ano mahirap kase hindi na katulad dati na nung binata pa ako na easy
easy lang ako tambay lang ganto tambay aral tropa at kung saan saan
diyan lang mahirap na kase ngayon.ano trabaho trabaho trabaho na lang
ako minsan na lang na wala lang time para sakin na magpahinga ano
once week.
The task of being a father at an early age signifies a major change in the life of an
adolescent, hence adolescent fathers face a unique set of challenges, including
stereotypes that label them as absent or uncaring (Weber,2012) Chideya Y. and Williams
F. (2014) found that becoming a father resulted in the teen fathers changing their
behaviour for the sake of their child. It is notable that teenagers in poor rural settings
experienced fatherhood in similar manner like teen fathers in well-developed countries.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Emotional disturbances on being a teenage father
Because of being a teenage father, participants experiences emotional
disturbances upon overcoming the effects of having a child or as a teenage father. All of
them experienced same reaction upon knowing that they will become a teenage father
and the feeling that they feels were shy, ashamed and don’t know what to do and tat
caused them to face struggles in th effects of being a teenage father.
This interview stated the disturbances of the participants felt when they knew that
they will become a teenage father.
INT: Ano angepekto ng pagiging batang ama sa iyong pamilya at sa pamilya ng
anak ng ina mo?
PAR: Ano mahirap .... ano na dumating ako sa point na ano na takot na takot ako
humarap ako kase diko alam ang kung anong mukang ihaharap ko tapos
hanggang sa ginawa ko lang yung pagsubok na yun. Pinasok ko na
mahirap na itatago ko kase naitry ko na itago ang asawa ko na buntis siya
kaso hindi naging madali naging mahirap tapos hindi ko alam ang
gagawin ko diko alam kung saan siya itatago.
According to Erikson, our ego identity constantly changes due to new experiences
and information we acquire in our daily interactions with others. As we have new
experiences, we also take on challenges that can help or hinder the development of
identity.
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Our personal identity gives each of us an integrated and cohesive sense of self that endures
through our lives. Our sense of personal identity is shaped by our experiences and
interactions with others, and it is this identity that helps guide our actions, beliefs, and
behaviors as we age.(Cherry,K.2018)
Gain more social support and consideration
Being a teenage father leads them to face struggles and problems. But in that
problems and struggles that they’re facing, they gain support and consideration from
otherpeople such as friends, classmates, teachers and family that can help them to
overcome those problems and struggles.
INT: Ano ang epekto pagiging batang ama sa iyong akademikong pagganap?
PAR: Syempre halos lahat nung mga kaklase ko parang nagiba yung
tingin nila sa akin, pero may ilan din namang naiintindihan yung
kalagayan ko noon, medyo hirap ako makipagusap o
makipaghalubilo sa ibang kaklase ko kasi pakiramdam ko nun ako
yung talagang kakaiba sa klase. Tapos binibigyan na lang din ako
ng konsiderasyon ng mga guro ko kasi nauunawaan naman nila
yung kailangan kong punan yung responsibilidad ko kapag minsan
ay di ako nakakapasok. Saka sa mga grupong gawain, hindi nila
ako binibigyan ng mga mahihirap na tungkulin kasi nga raw marami daw
akong ginagawa pag uuwi ako sa amin.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Love and belongingness needs - after physiological and safety needs have been
fulfilled, the third level of human needs is social and involves feelings of belongingness.
The need for interpersonal relationships motivates behavior.(McLeod S.,2018)
Table 3.
Problems experienced by participants
Academic Aspect
Stopped schooling “…nagtigil kase ako sa pag aaral mahirap kase
pagsabayin yun at nakuha kong trabaho ay panggabi
e napasok ako sa umaga wala rin akong pahinga
ganun .. kaya mas pinili ko na lang tumigil para sa
anak ko .kaya uunahin ko muna anak ko para
sakanyang kinabukasan”
“tumigil ako”
Financial Problem
Needed to find a job to support his chld “…inisip ko na bubuhayin ko muna dahil mas
importante yun sa buhay ko nagsakripisyo ako para
sa pamilya ko lalong lalo na sa anak ko”
“…kapag wala naman akong pasok nagtatrabaho
ako para masuportahan ko yung anak ko”
“…kalaunan nagkatrabaho din ako…”

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Teenage fathers experience changes and also experience problems that thet
needed to overcome so that their child can live the llive that they deserve. The
participants did many sacrifices so that they can fulfill their responsibilities such as
stopped schooling and needed to find a child to support his child.
Stopped schooling
Not all of the participants stopped schooling. Only one of them decided to stop
schooling because he always think how to support his child financially. And by that, he
chose to stop schooling so that he can find a job to support his own child.
INT: Ano ang epekto ng iyong pagiging batang ama sa iyong akadeikong
pagganap?
PAR: mahirap na, nagtigil kase ako sa pag aaral mahirap kase pagsabayin yun at
nakuha kong trabaho ay panggabi e napasok ako sa umaga wala rin
akong pahinga ganun .. kaya mas pinili ko na lang tumigil para sa anak
ko .kaya uunahin ko muna anak ko para sakanyang kinabukasan.
Previous studies have demonstrated that early fatherhood affect the school
performance of teen fathers in a negative way. Instead of thinking of studies, they think
and focus on their responsibilities as fathers and often have to find part-time jobs to
provide for the child (Njambatwa M.,2013, Langa and Smith N,2012)
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Needed to find a job to support his child
The participants being a teen are used to do things that teens usually do according
to their age. Because of being a teen, they do not have enough mone and monthly income
to support their child. Because of that, they needed to find job to support the needs of
their child.
INT: Ano ang epekto ng iyong pagiging batang ama sa iyong buhay?
PAR: . Ano mahirap kase hindi na katulad dati na nung binata pa ako na easy
easy lang ako tambay lang ganto tambay aral tropa at kung saan saan
diyan lang mahirap na kase ngayon.ano trabaho trabaho trabaho na lang ako
minsan na lang na wala lang time para sakin na magpahinga ano once week
Chideya Y, Williams F. (2014) suggested that fatherhood make teen fathers
realize that their lives are no longer their own and that they are accountable for the care
of their children, hence the endeavour to find part-time jobs to earn an income to provide
for their children.
Table 4.
Coping strategies used by the participants
Thinking positive thoughts “…Pero kinalaunan ay naisip ko na hindi dapat ako
mahiya dahil nangyari na at hindi rin naman ako
nagsisisi kasi isang biyaya ang ipinagkaloob sa

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
amin at hinding hindi ko yun ikakahiya. Kaya
simula nun, hindi na lang ako nakinig sa mga
sinasabi ng ibang tao o parang hinahayaan ko na
lang sila.”
“…Pero alam ko naman na malalampasan ko ito sa
tulong ni GOD.’’
“…Kinaya ko ang pagiging batang ama dahil alam
kong nandyan si God na alam kong hindi kami
papabyaan ng pamilya ko nanriyan din ang ang mga
kaibigan ko at lalo na ang pamilya ko at pamilya ng
kasintahan ko…”
Find a job for his family “…pinaningdagan ko ang batang ama sinikap na
magtrabaho para sa pamilya ko”
“…nagsakripisyo ako para sa pamilya ko lalong lalo

na sa anak ko”
“…sinusuportahan ko yung anak ko na mas

importante na dalawin ko anak ko…”
“…Kalaunan nagkatrabaho din ako. Sapat naman

ang kinikita ko para matustusan ang
pangangailangan ng aking pamilya.”
“limitado yung oras ko mas uunahin ko yung

pagiging tatay ko sa asawa ko at sa pamilya ng
asawa ko”
“…nagsakripisyo ako para sa pamilya ko lalong lalo

na sa anak ko”
The participants have similarities in their coping strategies to adjust in their
situations. The participant’s coping strategies that they used clustered into three
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
categories such as thinking positive thoughts, find a job for his family and let his family
to be his first priority.
Thinking positive thoughts
Because of the struggles that faced, thinking postive thoughts is the one of the coping
strategies that teenage father used and by that it can help thm to be happy and have an
inspiration and motivation to continue doing things for his family.
INT: Anong stratehiya ang iyong ginamit upang makaya at maisaayos ang iyong
pagiging batang ama sa aspetong pangkaisipan at pakikitungo sa ibang
tao?
PAR: Nung time na hindi ko talaga alam ang gagawin, ipinagpasa-diyos ko ang
lahat ng pagsubok na dumating sa akin, humingi ako ng tulong sa kanya
nanalig ako sa kanya at araw araw akong nagdadasal na sana kayanin
namin at malampasan ang pagsubok na iyon at saka tinanggap ko ang
lahat ng nangyari at naging immune sa mga masasamang sasabihin ng
iba kumbaga'y wala akong pakealam sa kanila
A person with positive thinking mentality anticipates happiness, health and success, and
believes that he or she can overcome any obstacle and difficulty.
Positive thinking is not a concept that everyone believes and follows. Some, consider it as
nonsense, and scoff at people who follow it. However, there is a growing number of people, who
accept positive thinking as a fact, and believe in its effectiveness.(Sasson,R.,nd)

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Find a job to support his family
In order for them to survive in their situation, the teenage fathers find a job to
support his family. And by that, he can support her child financially and it can help
himself also to be independent.
INT: Anong stratehiya ang iyong ginamit upang makaya at maisaayos ang
pagiging batang ama sa iyong pamilya at sa pamilya ng ina ng anak mo?
PAR: Kalaunan nagkatrabaho din ako. Sapat naman ang kinikita ko para
matustusan ang pangangailangan ng aking pamilya.”
Instead of thinking of studies, they think and focus on their responsibilities as
fathers and often have to find part-time jobs to provide for the child (Njambatwa
M.,2013, Langa and Smith N,2012)
5. Conclusions
Based on the researchers study, the following are the conclusions that the reseachers
made:
1. There are three respondents in the study and most of them are roman catholic, family
income of 5000-10000 and also doesn't finish their studies to find a job that can sustain
for their children.
2. Being a teenage father affect their emotional and psychosocial living. The
respondents set their limitations and focus in prioritizing their family.

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
3. To overcome the trials of being teenage father they think positive thoughts and letting
God overcome their lives.
4. The coping strategies used by teenage fathers is they find a job to fulfill the needs of
his family, giving much time for their children than themselves because that makes them
happier.
6. Recommendations
1. The government should establish programs that could help the daily finances of teenage
fathers( batang ama ). The said programs should also help the teenage fathers to earn money in
order to support the needs of his family
2. Teenagers should always know their limitations. As adolescents they should always think
about the consequences of everything their doing.
3. The researchers recommend that teen age fathers should receive financial support from our
government and help the father to sustain the needs of his child.
4. Further study on the experience and adjustments of teen age fathers should be considered for
the future study since this study is limited only for the teenagers.
5. Parents should always discipline and look out for their child.
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
7. References
Cherry,K.(2018).Erik Erikson’s Stges of Psychosocial Development. Retrieved from
https://www.verywellmind.com/erik-eriksons-stages-of-psychosocial-development-
2795740
Chideya Y, Williams F. Adolescent fathers: exploring their perceptions of their role as parent.
Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk 2014
Cranford, E. (n. d.). Teen Pregnancy. Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/6e51/40d5ec132deae6cfbbcf031656a0ada5787f.pdf
Essays UK(2017). Teenage Pregnancy Study in the Philippines. Retrieved from
https://www.ukessays.com/essays/health-and-social-care/teenage-pregnancy-study-
philippines-4836.php
Healthtalkorg. Youthtalkorg.(n.d.). Pregnancy. Retreived from
http://www.healthtalk.org/peoples-experiences/pregnancy-children/pregnancy/symptoms-
and-feelings-early-weeks
Langa M, Smith N. Responsible teenage fatherhood in a South African historically
disadvantaged community. Journal of Psychology in Africa 2012

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Madiba, S. and Nsiki, C. (2017). Teen Fathers Perceptions and Experiences of Fatherhood.
Retreived from http://www.alliedacademics.org
McLeod,S.(2018). Maalow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Retrieved from
https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
Raj, D. et al. (2010). Health Science Journal. Retreived from http://www.hsj.gr/medicine/factors-
associated-with-teenage-pregnancy-in-south-asia-a-systematic-review.php?aid=3616
Sasson,R.(nd),. The Power of Positive Thinking. Retrieved from
https://www.successconsciousness.com/index_000009.htm
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piaget%27s_theory_of_cognitive_development
http://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/23117/dissertation_monepya_rg.pdf?sequence=1&i
sAllowed=y
https://www.successconsciousness.com/index_000009.htm
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Appendices
A. Curriculum Vitae of the Researcher
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name : Crissa Anne M. Cadag
Age : 17
Sex : Female
Address : Jael Subd. Ilayang Iyam, Lucena
City
Date of Birth : August 14,2001
Place of Birth : Lucena City
Civil Status : Single
Religion : Roman Catholic
Nationality : Filipino
Father : Gilbert B. Cadag
Mother : Maria Gina M. Cadag
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Senior High School :

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation, Lucena City
Junior High school :

Quezon National High School
Elementary:
Lucena West 1 Elementary School
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name : Kristine May C. Enacnto
Age : 17
Sex : Female
Address : 11 Jacinto St. Brgy. Mabato M.,Q.
Date of Birth : May 28,2001
Father : Wilmor C. Encanto
Mother : Cristina C. Encanto


Manuel S. Enverga Memorial School of Arts and Trades
Elementary:
Mauban North Elementary School - I
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name : Jane Frances D. Jabrica
Age : 16
Sex : Female
Address : Purok Trade Ibabang Iyam Lucena City
Date of Birth : September 15, 2002
Religion : Born Again
Father : Raymundo Jabrica
Mother : Marissa Jabrica

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

Quezon National High School
Elementary:
Lucena East VII Elementary School
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name : Jane Mika O. Ramos
Age : 16
Sex : Female
Address : Bonifacio St. Brgy.03 Catanauan,Quezon
Date of Birth : April 24, 2002
Place of Birth : Catanauan , Quezon
Father : Alexander B. Ramos
Mother : Marina O. Ramos

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation , Lucena City

Southern Luzon Academy Catanauan, Quezon
Elementary:
Catanauan Central School
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name : Shandone Zcynt E. Presas
Age : 17
Sex : Male
Address : Moscow Site Lucena City
Date of Birth : September 12, 2001
Father : N/A
Mother : Sherylou Presas

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation , Lucena City

Young Learners Home
Elementary:
Young Learners Home
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
CURRICULUM VITAE
PERSONAL DATA
Name : Kelly H. Limbo
Age : 18
Sex : Male
Address : Brgy. Domoit , Lucena City
Date of Birth : April 12, 2000
Place of Birth : Municipality of Marinduque
Father : Domingo Limbo
Mother : Remedios Limbo
Senior High School:

Junior High School:

Gulang-Gulang National High School
Elementary:
Domoit Elementary School
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Letter of Consent
I, __________________________ parent / guardian of ________________________ is giving
permission to be a respondent in a research entitled “Batang Ama: Experiences and Adjustments
of Teenage Fathers”. This study aims to determine the experiences and adjustments of teenage
fathers. And I will be giving permission because I believe that this study will be confidential and
will be private.
__________________________
__________________________
Signature over printed name Signature over printed name
of the Participant of the Guardian / Parent

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Letter of Consent
I volunteer to participate in a research entitled “Batang Ama: Experience and
Adjustments of Teenage Father” conducted by STEM11A7 researchers from Manuel S. Enverga
University Foundation. I understand that the project is designed to gather information about the
experiences and adjustments of teenage fathers.
My participation in this project is voluntary. I understand that I will not be paid for my
participation. I may withdraw and discontinue participation at my time without penalty. If I
decline to participate or withdraw from the study, no one on my campus will be told.
_______________________
_________________________
Signature over printed name Signature over printed name
of the Participant of the Researchers

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Appendix A
B. Research Instrument/s
I. Participant’s Demographic Profile

Direction: Please check (/) the answer that corresponds to your answer.
A. 1. Age when you became a teenage father
_13 _17
_14 _18
_15
_16
2. Present Age
_13-15 _25-28
_16-18 _29-31
_19-21 _32-32
_22-24 _ 35 and above
B. Family income
_₱1000-₱5000 _₱16,000-₱20,000
_₱6000-10.000 _₱21,000-₱25,000
_₱11,000-₱15,000 _₱25,000 and above
C. Religion
_Roman Catholic _7th Day Adventist
_Iglesia ni Cristo _Other
_Jehovah’
(please specify) __________________________
D. Grade level when you became a teenage father
_Grade 7 _Grade 10
_Grade 8 _Grade 11
_Grade 9 _Grade 12
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
_Grade 10
E. Present grade level
_Grade 7 _Grade 10
_Grade 8 _Grade 11
_Grade 9 _Grade 12
_Grade 10 _others
(Please specify)____________
Part II. Interview Protocol
A. Questions of the effects of being a teenage father
Q1. Ano ang epekto ng iyong pagiging batang ama sa aspetong pangkaisipan at
pakikitungo sa ibang tao?
Q2. Ano ang epekto pagiging batang ama sa iyong akademikong pagganap?
Q3. Ano ang epekto pagiging batang ama sa iyong pamilya at sa pamilya ng ina
ng anak mo?
Q4. Ano ang epekto pagiging batang ama sa iyong buhay?
B. Questions of the adjustments and coping strategies of being a teenage father
Q1. Anong stratehiya ang iyong ginamit upang makaya at maisaayos ang iyong
pagiging batang ama sa aspetong pangkaisipan at pakikitungo sa ibang tao?
Q2. Anong stratehiya ang iyong ginamit upang makaya at maisaayos ang pagiging
batang ama sa iyong akademikong pagganap?

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
batang ama sa iyong pamilya at sa pamilya ng ina ng anak mo?
batang ama sa iyong buhay?

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
Appendix B
TRANSCRIPT #1
TIME STARTED: 9:!8am
TIME ENDED: 9:947
PAR: Anong epekto ng iyong pagiging batang ama sa aspektong kaisipan at pakikitungo sa ibang
tao?
INT: Nahiya po ako kasi (tilaok ng manok), sinabi niya na…..Nung sinabi niya na…. Nung
sinabi ko sa kanya na … Tinanong ko (tilaok ng manok) kung buntis siya sabi niya hindi tapos
nung (tilaok ng manok) nalaman ng ibang mga tao ….yun nahihiya na ko dahin pinapag-anuhan
na nila……nila (tilaok ng manok) hmmmmn
PAR: Pinapagusapan na?
INT: Pinapagusapn na nila , kaya yun di na ko makatingin sa (tilaok ng manok) mga tao ng
diretso
PAR: Ano ang epekto ng pagiging batang ama sa iyong akdemikong paganap?
INT: Tumigil ako
PARI: Bakit? (tilaok ng manok)
PAR: Kasi naghanap ako ng trabaho para dun sa anak ko
INT: Ano ang epekto ng pagiging ama sa iyong pamilya at sa pamilya ng ina ng anak mo?
PAR: Malaki po, dun sa pamilya namin , ang inaano lamang po namin (tilaok ng manok) ay kung
napayag yung mga magulang nila na ….ni ano yung hmmm pagsamahin kaming dalawa nung
aming…ay nung aking asawa tapos yung ina naman nung pamilya nila ay ayaw at papag aralin
daw muna yung bata…. Hmmm yung asawa ko
INT: Ano ang epekto ng pagiging batang ama sa iyong buhay?
PAR: (tilaok ng manok) ….. ano , ang epektong …hmmmm ang epekto sakin nung pagiging
batang ama ay … minsan … ako ay di ko ari nabasa (tumatawa) .. hmm (tilaok ng manok) nung
ano minsan di naman maganda ang pagiging epekto sakin ng ano kasi ayaw sakin nung mga
magulang nung… asawa ko kaya napapariwara na din ako….
PAR: Masaya ka naman na naging…..ano

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
INT: Masaya naman ako dun sa ….Masaya naman ako kasi ano….hmmm
PAR: Nagkaanak?
INT: Nagkaanak ako at ….(tilaok ng manok) balang araw maghahanap din naman ng ama yung
anak ko at sa akin (tilaok ng manok) din naman pupunta yun
PAR: Ito …. Anoang stratehiya ang iyong ginamit upang makayanan at maisaayos ang pagiging
batang ama sa aspektong pangkaisipan at pakikitungo sa ibang tao? (Tilaok ng manok)
INT: Strategy mo para makasalimuha ulit sa mga (tilaok ng manok) tao
PAR: Yun para makasalimuha sa mga tao , nakikipagkaibigan naman ako sa mga ano nila….dun
(tilaok ng manok) dun sa mga tao tsaka….yung (tilaok ng manok)
INT: Nakikitungo ka naman ng maayos?....
PAR: hmmmm oo nakikitungo naman ako ng maayos sa kanila, wala naman akong
ginawang….(tilaok ng manok)
INT: Mali?....
PAR: Mali at masama sa kanila

INT: Itong number……yung question number six di ko na ipapasagot kasi tumigil ka na kaya
wala ng strategy …. (Tilaok ng manok) Itong number seven
PAR: Anong stratehiya ang yung ginamit upang makaya at maisaayos ang pagiging batang ama
sa iyong pamilya at sa pamilya ng anak mo? ….. Pamilya ng ina ng anak mo pala
INT: hmmmmm (tilaok ng manok)
PAR: Napasok si ano ngayon? Ay di….. ang strategy mo ay binigay mo yung … gusto nung
pamilya niya?
INT:: Binigay ko yung …. Binigay ko yung gusto nung pamilya nila tapos….hmmmmm (tilaok
ng manok) nagtrabaho para wala ng masabi sila
PAR: Okay naman na kayo?
INT: Okay naman
PAR: Napunta ka naman dun para bisitahin yung anak mo?

Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
INT: Hmmmm hindi pa (tilaok ng manok)
PAR: Anong stratehiya ang iyong ginamit upang makaya at maisaayos ang pagiging batang ama
sa iyong buhay?
INT: (tilaok ng manok)…. Strategy mo para (tilaok ng manok) maging maayos…..at makaya mo
yung pagiging batang ama (tilaok ng manok)
PAR: Hmmmmmmn ….. (tilakk ng manok)
INT: Kasi di k na binata meron ka ng tungkulin…..
PAR: Naging matured na ako kasi (tilaok ng manok) may tungkulin na ako mag ano…. na
maisaayos ang pagiging batang ama at (tilaok ng manok) (nagwawalis) naghanap ma din ako ng
trabaho upang maitaguyod ko sila…
INT: Yun lang kuya (pangalan) oh diba tapos na tayo (nagtatawan) Thank You!
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
TRANSCRIPT #2
TIME STARTED: 11:27am
TIME ENDED:11:53am
INT: Ano ang epekto ng iyong pagiging batang ama sa aspetong pangkaisipan at pakikitungo sa
ibang tao?
PAR: Maraming nagbago sa aking sarili namulat ako sa katotohanan na hindi na ako katulad ng
dati na pa easy-easy lang at wala pang dalang matinding responsibilidad. Naging responsable
akong tao dahil nga may pamilya na ako at laging nagiisip ng paraan kung paano ko sila
bubuhayin habang nagaaral pa ako. Since batang ama nga ako, alam kong maiiba ang tingin sa
akin ng ibang tao kaya nung una, sobrang nahihiya ako. Na parang wala akong maiharap o
maipakitang mukha sa mga kamag-anak ko, kapit bahay, kaibigan, kaklase at baka kung anong
masasakit na salita ang sabihin nila sa akin Pero kinalaunan ay naisip ko na hindi dapat ako
mahiya dahil nangyari na at hindi rin naman ako nagsisisi kasi isang biyaya ang ipinagkaloob sa
amin at hinding hindi ko yun ikakahiya. Kaya simula nun, hindi na lang ako nakinig sa mga
sinasabi ng ibang tao o parang hinahayaan ko na lang sila.
PAR: Syempre halos lahat nung mga kaklase ko parang nagiba yung tingin nila sa akin, pero may
ilan din namang naiintindihan yung kalagayan ko noon, medyo hirap ako makipagusap o
makipaghalubilo sa ibang kaklase ko kasi pakiramdam ko nun ako yung talagang kakaiba sa
klase. Tapos binibigyan na lang din ako ng konsiderasyon ng mga guro ko kasi nauunawaan
naman nila yung kailangan kong punan yung responsibilidad ko kapag minsan ay di ako
nakakapasok. Saka sa mga grupong gawain, hindi nila ako binibigyan ng mga mahihirap na
tungkulin kasi nga raw marami daw akong ginagawa pag uuwi ako sa amin tapos kapag wala
naman akong pasok nagtatrabaho ako para masuportahan ko yung anak ko
INT: Ano ang epekto pagiging batang ama sa iyong pamilya at sa pamilya ng ina ng anak mo?
PAR:Syempre sobrang masakit para sa kanila, kita ko at ramdam ko noon yung naghahalong
sakit at galit na nararamdaman nila. Hindi sila makapaniwala sa mga nangyari, at talagang halos
lahat sila umiyak na parang hindi nila matanggap dahil nga ang babata pa raw namin
INT: Ano ang epekto pagiging batang ama sa iyong buhay?

PAR: Malaking pagbabago ang naidulot nito sa aking buhay. Noon ay sarili ko lang ang parati
kong naiisip pero noong akoy naging batang ama mas natutunan ko kung papaano bigyang
pahalaga ang ibang tao lalo na ang aking pamilya. Dati lagi ko lang pinoproblema ay mga
karaniwang problema ng isang binata, ngayon kailangan ko matustusan ang pangangailangan ng
aking pamilya dahil sakin sila nakasalalay. Pero alam ko naman na malalampasan ko ito sa
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
tulong ni GOD.
INT: Anong stratehiya ang iyong ginamit upang makaya at maisaayos ang iyong pagiging batang
ama sa aspetong pangkaisipan at pakikitungo sa ibang tao?
PAR: Nung time na hindi ko talaga alam ang gagawin, ipinagpasa-diyos ko ang lahat ng
pagsubok na dumating sa akin, humingi ako ng tulong sa kanya nanalig ako sa kanya at araw
araw akong nagdadasal na sana kayanin namin at malampasan ang pagsubok na iyon at saka
tinanggap ko ang lahat ng nangyari at naging immune sa mga masasamang sasabihin ng iba
kumbaga'y wala akong pakealam sa kanila
INT: Anong stratehiya ang iyong ginamit upang makaya at maisaayos ang pagiging batang ama
sa iyong akademikong pagganap?
PAR: Well unang una sa lahat nag set ako ng time for studies and para sa anak ko edi bale
habang akoy nag aaral asawa ko muna ang nag aalaga pero syempre pag may emergencies dun sa
bata syempre kailangan andun ako kung baga priority mo pag aaral mas priority mo ang anak mo
sa iyong pamilya at sa pamilya ng ina ng anak mo?
PAR: Noong una ay nagalinlangan ako dahil hindi ko alam kung ano ang dapat kong gawin dahil
alam ko na sa bawat desisyon na aking gagawin ay may mga taong maaapektuhan. Kinausap ko
muna ang ina ng aking magiging anak dahil alam ko na siya ang pinakamaaapektuhan ng
sitwasyong aming kinalalagyan. Tinanong ko sa kanya kung papaano niya gusto sabihin ito sa
aming mga magulang dahil hindi pwedeng ako lang ang magdesisyon dahil ito ay tatahakin
namin ng magkasama. Noong sinabi namin sa aming mga magulang, noong una ikinagalit nila
ang pangyayari dahil mga bata pa raw kami at wala kami kaalaman sa mga bagay tungkol sa
pagpapamilya. Pero ipinangako ko sa magulang ng aking kasintahan na kailanman ay hinding
hindi ko pababayaan ang aking magina. Kalaunan nagkatrabaho din ako. Sapat naman ang
kinikita ko para matustusan ang pangangailangan ng aking pamilya.”
sa iyong buhay?
PAR: Syempre inisip ko muna yung kapakanan nung anak ko, Inisip ginawa ko ito kaya dapat
kayanin ko namin. Oo sa una hindi madali dahil una sa lahat bata palang at wala pa sa tamang
edad pero sabi ko sa sarili ko matututunan din yan at lahat naman ng bagay ay pwedeng
matutunan. Kinaya ko ang pagiging batang ama dahil alam kong nandyan si God na alam kong
hindi kami papabyaan ng pamilya ko nanriyan din ang ang mga kaibigan ko at lalo na ang
pamilya ko at pamilya ng kasintahan ko. lahat ng bagay nadadaan at naayos sa mabuting usapan.
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
TRANSCRIPT #3
TIME STARTED:10:43am
TIME ENDED:11:12am
INT: Ano ang epekto ng iyong pagiging batang ama sa aspetong pangkaisipan at pakikitungo sa
ibang tao?
PAR: Medyo nabubulol) mahirap na ano. ano makikisalamuha sa mga kaybigan ko ganun, mas
uunahin ko na lang yung anak ko at pagtratrabaho sa anak ko, tas limitado na lang yung pagiging
masaya, tska iba na rin yung pakikisalamuha ko sa barkada ,mas uunahin ko na muna yung anak
ko kesa sa barkada ko ganun..
PAR: (Mahangin) akededekong... akekedemikong .. (nabubulol) mahirap na, nagtigil kase ako sa
pag aaral mahirap kase pagsabayin yun at nakuha kong trabaho ay panggabi e napasok ako sa
umaga wala rin akong pahinga ganun .. kaya mas pinili ko na lang tumigil para sa anak ko .kaya
uunahin ko muna anak ko para sakanyang kinabukasan
INT: Ano ang epekto pagiging batang ama sa iyong pamilya at sa pamilya ng ina ng anak mo?
PAR: Ano mahirap .... ano na dumating ako sa point na ano na takot na takot ako humarap ako
kase diko alam ang kung anong mukang ihaharap ko tapos hanggang sa ginawa ko lang yung
pagsubok na yun. Pinasok ko na mahirap na itatago ko kase naitry ko na itago ang asawa ko na
buntis siya kaso hindi naging madali naging mahirap tapos hindi ko alam ang gagawin ko diko
alam kung saan siya itatago ganun lang .... (kinakabahan) halimbawa ano.. na napakadali lang
nilagyan ko na lang limitado iniwasan ko muna ang barkada isipin ko muna yung anak ko hindi
na sarili ko na may anak na nga ako (motorcycle bring.... bring..... bringgggggggg..)
INT: Ano ang epekto pagiging batang ama sa iyong buhay?
PAR: Ano mahirap kase hindu na katulad dati na nung binata pa ako na easy easy lang ako
tambay lang ganto tambay aral tropa at kung saan saan diyan lang mahirap na kase ngayon.ano
trabaho trabaho trabaho na lang ako minsan na lang na wala lang time para sakin na magpahinga
ano once week (cadag saying kaiyak)
INT: Anong stratehiya ang iyong ginamit upang makaya at maisaayos ang iyong pagiging batang
ama sa aspetong pangkaisipan at pakikitungo sa ibang tao?
PAR: (ahmmmmm ahmmmmm.. nagiisip (pinaulit)Ano........ na ano ginawa ko lang yung ano
yung tama kase nakagawa ako ng mali (nagpaulit ng tanong) ano dapat dapat ano na
pinaningdagan ko ang batang ama sinikap na magtrabaho para sa pamilya ko
sa iyong akademikong pagganap?
PAR: Nagtigil kase ako para sa anak ko.. inisip ko na bubuhayin ko muna dahil mas importante
yun sa buhay ko nagsakripisyo ako para sa pamilya ko lalong lalo na sa anak ko
sa iyong pamilya at sa pamilya ng ina ng anak mo?
Revision No.: 0
Reviewed by: QMR
PAR:. Ano..... ano yun lang na sinusuportahan ko yung anak ko na mas importante na dalawin ko
anak ko tska maalagan ko siya natutunan kong makisama ulit sa mga kanila dahil pinaningdigan
ko yung pagiging batang ama at sa asawa ko
sa iyong buhay?
PAR: Limitado yung oras ko mas uunahin ko yung pagiging tatay ko sa asawa ko at sa pamilya
ng asawa ko (kinakabahan)

RS1

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

RS1

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

Document Code: DCAVRKMI-F-URFR

MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION

BATANG AMA: EXPERIENCE AND ADJUSTMENTS

A Senior High School Research

Presented to the Basic Education Department

Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

for Practical Research 1

Crissa Anne M. Cadag

Kristine May C. Encanto

Jane Mika O.Ramos

Jane Frances D. Jabrica

Shandone Zcynt E. Presas

List of Figures and Tables 4

a. Rationale of the Research 7

3. Description of Method or Approach 29

a. Research Design/Research Instrument/Data Gathering Procedures 29

4. Results and Discussion 32

A. Curriculum Vitae of the Researcher 49

List of Figures and Tables

Figure Title Page

Table Title Page

1 Respondents’ Demographic Profile 33

2 Effects of being a teenage father in participant’s lives 35

3 Problems experienced by the participants 40

4 Coping Coping strategies used by the participants 42

thank you for the support and help.

that helped us to finish this study.

To our family, for supporting us financially, morally and emotionally.

guiding us through out this research process.

Research Title: “Batang Ama: Experience and Adjustments of Teenage Fathers”

Name of Researcher : Crissa Anne M. Cadag

Name of Research Adviser : Mr. Nikko R. De Moro

strategies used by teenage fathers to adjust in their situations. The researcher’s

researcher’s obligation. The researcher interviewed 3-5 respondents or 3-5 teenage

respondents. In a research paradigm, the researcher used 3 boxes connected by a line

a. Rationale of the Research

Pregnancy – the nine months or so for which a woman carries a

countries (as cited in Cranford E., n.d.)

Although teenagers represent a large proportion of population in the developing

been conducted on teenage pregnancies in developing countries or in ethnic

attitudes of teenagers could be different from other parts of Asia.

(Raj,Rabi,Amudha,Edwin R,and Glyn,2010.p.3-4)

the Student Mother. (“Teenage Pregnancy”, 2017)

behavior and lifestyle for the better.

assess what to do to help them.

b. Purpose of the Research

Especially, the study seeks to answer the following sub problems:

1. What is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of:

a. age when he became a father?

c. monthly family income?

c.his family and the family of the mother of his child?

b. his family and the family of the mother of his child?

1. Erikson's theory of psychosocial development

What Is Psychosocial Development?

development and growth of human beings.

high but so is the potential for failure.

that aspect of development.

Psychosocial Stage 1 - Trust vs. Mistrust

year of age and is the most fundamental stage in life.

who are inconsistent, emotionally unavailable, or rejecting contribute to feelings of mistrust in

is inconsistent and unpredictable.