10 Coiled Tubing Operation

Quartz School
11. Well for Well

Intervention Site
with Supervisors
Coiled Tubing
Module – 13
Work Over Operations
Schlumberger Private
Section – 10
Well Intervention
with Coiled Tubing
Quartz School. Module 13: Work Over Operations / Section 11: Operations with Coiled Tubing
1/51
10. Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing
Contents
y Introduction
y Operations with Coiled Tubing
y Equipment
y Well Control
y The Tubing
y Typical Applications
y Job Design
2/51
Introduction
Business Profile
Evolution
3/51
Business Profile
Schlumberger is the Largest Coiled
Tubing Company in the World
y Operates 30% of World Fleet
with total of 300 CTU’s
y Operating in 40 Countries
y 34% Market Share
y $900 Million annual market
y
Performs in excess of 15000 CT Performance
Jobs annually
y Nr 1 on Schroders Value
y 65% Onshore Survey for 6th year.
y 35 % Offshore y Fastest growing service in
Schlumberger during the 2nd
part of the 90’s
4/51
Evolution
y First introduced in 1963 for
through tubing sand cleanouts
y Quickly followed by Acid
Treatments and Nitrogen Lifts in
the 70’s
y Larger OD tubing allowed for the
introduction of Downhole Tools
and more complex fluids in the
1980’s In 2003
y Dedicated R&D in late 80’s y Integral part of any well program,
allowed service to become including
complete Workover service in
the 1990’s for
y Subsea
y Drilling, Completion, y Intelligent Wells
Production and y Multilaterals
Abandonment y Extended Reach Wells
5/51
Coiled Tubing Principles
Operations with Coiled Tubing
Advantages of Coiled Tubing
6/51
Operations with Coiled Tubing
y Coiled Tubing offers the ability to do “Through Tubing Well Intervention”
y Rigless
y Completion installed
y Life Conditions
y Applications
y Circulate Fluids
y Workover with mechanical
tools
y Data Acquisition
y Drilling
7/51
Advantages of Coiled Tubing
Many advantages exist when compared to the alternatives
(Hydraulic Workover Units or Workover Rigs)
y Economics
y Much less equipment with smaller crews
y Operations in days rather than weeks
y Safety
y Reduced pipe handling (no connections, no rig floor
operations)
y Safe handling of wellhead pressure rather than “pressure
prevention”
y Operations
y Small foot print with versatile equipment package
y Much faster rig up and trip speeds
y Ability to work on life wells
8/51
Coiled Tubing Equipment
Injector head
Reel
Power and Control
Well Control
9/51
Coiled Tubing Equipment
The basic configuration of a coiled tubing equipment package is

dependent on:
y Operating environment
y e.g., offshore, arctic, desert
y Primary applications
y e.g., units prepared for CTD operations will typically be
larger than conventional service units
y CT string dimensions
y e.g., string length/OD and necessary reel dimensions
10/51
Basic Equipment Configurations
y Schlumberger equipment fleet comprises CT units designed to
operate:
y Onshore
y Paved road trucks (road legal for operating area)
y Off-road trucks (all-wheel drive, e.g., desert)
y Mobile mast units (special environment, e.g., arctic)
y Offshore
y Skid mounted units (crash-frame protected)
y Barge mounted units (permanent placement)
y Jacking barge/tender vessel
11/51
10. Well Intervention
Basic withPackage
Coiled Tubing Coiled Tubing
Control Cabin to
control operations,
Injector Head WC and Data
to pull/push Acquisition
tubing
Stripper to
allow for “live”
operations Prime Mover to
provide Hydraulic
Reel to Power
Store Tubing
12/51
Injector Head – Functions / Components
y Primary components/functions include:
1. Injecting and retrieving the CT string
(chain/drive system) 3
2. Holding the CT string static (chains
and braking system)
3. Guiding the CT to the reel (gooseneck) 1 5
4. Tension/compression measurement
(weight indicator) 2
5. Depth/speed measurement (depth

4
system sensor)
6. Mounting place for primary pressure
barrier (stripper)
6
13/51
Chain System
Typical chain system includes:
1
y Drive sprocket/system (1)
y Inside tensioners (2)
2
y Outside tensioners (3) 3 3
y Lower idling sprocket (4)

4
14/51
Chain Components
Chain link
pins
Gripper block
Roller bearing
Chain link plate

and split pin
15/51
Reel – Functions and Components
Typical reel components:
1. Storing and protecting the CT string
(drum) 5
2. Maintaining proper tension between
reel and injector head (reel drive 3
system)
3. Efficiently spooling the CT string on to
the reel drum (level wind system)
1
4. Circulating fluids with the drum
rotating (swivel)
5. Application of protective coating or 4
inhibitor on tubing string (tubing
lubricator system)
6. Back-up depth measurement (reel
2
mounted counter)
16/51
Reel Drum Capacity
Capacity of reel drum: Freeboard
L = (A + C) (A) (B) (K)
Where: A
L = Reel capacity (ft)
A = Tubing stack height (in.)
B = Drum width (in.)
C = Core diameter (in.) C
K = Constant (tubing size dependent)
1-1/4 = 0.168
1-1/2 = 0.116
1-3/4 = 0.086
2 = 0.066
2-3/8 = 0.046 B
17/51
Reel Models and Capacities
Reel Model / Configuration
Tubing Size 1015 2015 3015 3020 4122
1-1/4-in. 15,000 22,500 25,000 25,000 25,000

1-1/2-in. 10,000 15,100 22,000 25,000 25,000
1-3/4-in. N/A 11,200 15,000 20,000 25,000
2-in. N/A 8,500 11,000 15,000 22,500
2-3/8-in. N/A N/A N/A N/A 15,300
18/51
“Levelwind” System
3
System components include:
2
y Drive chain/system (1)
y Override motor (2)

1
y Spooling head (3)
19/51
Reel Swivel and Manifold
Pressure Cable
bulkhead
Coiled tubing
CT isolation
Jumper cable valve
Reel Reel Reel

collector axle swivel
20/51
Power Pack/Control Cabin – Functions
Basic functions of the power pack/control cabin or equipment normally
mounted therein:
y Providing hydraulic power required by the CTU (engine and
hydraulic pumps)
y Control and limitation on hydraulic systems (hydraulic control and
relief valves/system)
y Hydraulic accumulator storage for secondary well control
equipment (BOP accumulator)
y Enables control and monitoring
of all operating systems from a
single operators station (control
consol)
Layer 1 High Exhaust Low Oil Loss of
Temper
H ature
igh Coolant Temperature Pressure Coolant
Coolant Oil
Temperature Pressure
Engine
P
ermissive Tachometer
start
y Providing operations data to

Start
Engine Emergenc y
Kill Kill Air
Pressure
enable well site design and

monitoring
21/51
Well Control Equipment for CT

Stripper
Blow Out Preventers
Stacks
22/51
Pressure Control Equipment
Pressure control equipment associated with mobilization of a basic
CTU for routine service activities includes:
y Stripper
y generally permanently mounted on the injector head
y Blow-out preventers
y quad configuration most common
y Riser, lubricator
y application dependent
y Ancillary equipment
y wellhead crossover(s), flow “T”, kill line and valves
y Downhole check valve
y preventing back-flow of wellbore fluids
23/51
Stripper – Functions
The primary stripper typically performs
the following functions:
y Maintain a primary barrier
against wellbore pressure and
fluids
y Secure and align the injector
head with the pressure control
and wellhead equipment
y Support the tubing between the
injector head chains and the
stripper seal
Design features enable:
y Servicing of consumables
(sealing elements) with CT in
place
y control/actuation of primary
seal without reliance on CTU
power pack engine
24/51
Conventional Stripper – Components
Tubing support/top access
Packing assembly
Hydraulic system
Mounting flange
Lower connection
Typical packing stack
25/51
BOP – Functions
The following functions and requirements typically apply to CT BOPs:
y Provide a secondary barrier against wellbore pressure and fluids
(pipe rams and shear rams)
y Secure/support the tubing string against the operating weight or
snubbing force (slip rams)
y Shear the tubing string under operating conditions (shear rams)
y Provide wellbore access for fluid (kill port) and pressure
measurement (pressure port)
y Support the weight (and forces applied) of the CT equipment under
the rated wellbore pressure
26/51
Quad BOP – Components
Upper flange/connection adapter
Pressure port
Equalizing valve Blind rams

Shear rams
Kill port
Slip rams
Equalizing valve Pipe rams
Lower flange/connection adapter

27/51
Onshore Rig up
Quick latch
body
Quad BOP
Lower BOP Injector head

adapter
Swab valve
and tree
y Stripper
Quick latch pin
28/51
The Continuous (Coiled) Tubing
29/51
The Continuous (Coiled) Tubing
y CT properties
y In sizes from 1” up to 3-1/2”
y Most common sizes are 1-1/4” and 1-1/2”
y Continuously milled to lengths of 25,000 ft
y 80,000 psi Yield grade is most common
y Over the live of the tubing it might be bend as much as 500
times into its plastic yield area.
y CT Life is dependent on
y Number of Bends
y Internal pressure while bending takes place
y The bending radius
y Tubing can be protected against acid and H2S corrosion
30/51
Steel Grade & Manufacturing for CT
y Grades
y 70000, 80000, 90000, 100000 and 110000 psi Yield Materials
y Configurations
y Butt Welded
y Continuous Milled (Bias Weld)
y Tapered Strings
y True Tapered Strings
y Manufacturers
y Precision Tube Technology - e.g. HS80 and HS80CM
y Quality Tubing - e.g. QT80 and QT800
31/51
CT String Construction
1965 250 ft strip lengths (Republic Tubing, USA)
1983 1000 ft strip lengths
1985 1700 ft strip lengths
1986 3500 ft strip lengths (Japanese Suppliers)
1987 Tubing milled continuously
32/51
CT String Construction (2)
1989
1986 1988
1970 1978
1965
3/4-in. 1-in. 1-1/4-in. 1-1/2-in. 1-3/4-in. 2-in.
1995
1992
1990
1989
2-3/8-in. 2-7/8-in. 3-1/2-in. 4-1/2-in.
33/51
Biased Weld
Strips preparation
Weld completed
and area
heat treated
Tube formed
Biased Weld Configuration
34/51
Biased Weld
Longitudinal
weld profile
Bias weld
profile
Biased weld and longitudinal weld forms
35/51
Tapered String
Heavier wall Intermediate Lighter wall
Butt weld or bias weld Butt weld or bias weld
Tapered String Configuration
36/51
Material Specifications
Nom Min Nom Min Min Hydro Int

OD Wall Wall ID Weight Yield Tensile Test Yield
Inch Inch Inch Inch lbs/ft lbf lbf psi psi
1.75 0.109 0.104 1.532 1.915 43800 47800 8300 9200
1.75 0.125 0.118 1.500 2.175 49800 54200 9400 10400
1.75 0.134 0.128 1.482 2.318 53100 57800 10100 11300
1.75 0.156 0.148 1.438 2.662 60900 66400 11700 13000
1.75 0.175 0.167 1.400 2.951 67500 73600 13100 14500
1.75 0.190 0.180 1.370 3.173 72600 79100 14100 15600
1.75 0.204 0.195 1.342 3.377 77300 84200 15200 16800
37/51
10. Well
CoilLIMIT Intervention
- Real Time with Coiled Tubing
Real Time Information
38/51
Stress / Strain Diagram for CT pipe
39/51
Low Cycle Fatigue
Full Scale Fatigue Testing was conducted
during 1989, providing the basis for the
Dowell CoilLIFE Code
40/51
Fatigue Monitoring
C urrent Life
C o ilLIFE
P rev. Life
W e ld
30
25
Fatigue Life %
20
15
10
0
0 5000 10000 15000
Distance from CT Downhole End
(c ) S chlum berger D owell 1994-96
41/51
Keeping Track of Fatigue
CoilCAT
CoilLIFE
16
Life
14
12
10
6 Life - %
Fatigue
0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Distance from CT downhole end - ft
(c) Schlumberger Dowell 1994-96
1. CoilLIFE stored on reel
2. CoilLIFE transferred
to Data Acquisition system
CoilCAT
CoilLIFE
prior to job
16 Current Life
Prev. Life
14 Weld
12
10
6 Life - %
Fatigue
0
3. CoilLIFE Updated during job
0 2000 4000
Distance from CT downhole end - ft
6000 8000
(c) Schlumberger Dowell 1994-96
42/51
11. Well Intervention
Typical Applications of CTwith Coiled Tubing
Conveying Fluids
Downhole Tools
Electric Line
Drilling with CT
43/51
Coiled Tubing Applications
y Conventional
y Washing and cleaning operations
y Intervention with mechanical tools
y Remedial Stimulation
y Non-conventional
y Electric Line (pushing logging tools) Watch Jet Blaster DVD
y Scale Removal (Abrasive Jetting)
y Underbalanced Drilling
y Special Operations
y Multilateral Interventions Watch Discovery DVD
y Subsea Wells
y HPHT Wells
44/51
Coiled Tubing Applications
y Conveying Fluids
y Circulating fluids in place under live conditions
y Conveying Tools
y Performing mechanical work over tasks in the well.
y Electric Line
y Pushing logging tools and/or providing circulating capabilities
y Coiled Tubing Drilling

y For through tubing or underbalanced drilling operations
45/51
Conveying Fluids
The most common use for Coiled Tubing is as a conveyance
method for fluids :
• Nitrogen Kick Offs
• Wellbore Clean Outs
• Cementing thru CT
• Acidizing thru CT
• Scale and Paraffin Removal
46/51
Nitrogen Kick Off
y Inducing well to flow by lowering
hydrostatic head through pumping
nitrogen gas.
y System is optimum when :
y CT is at deepest point in well.
y Nitrogen rate is lowest
y Annulus allows for maximum
flow (Smallest CT)
47/51
Conveying Tools
The use of Coiled Tubing to convey mechanical tools is an

essential part of most well intervention phases
y Washing Subs
y Check Valves for Well Control
y Fishing
y Slickline
y Downhole Motors
y HP Jetting
y Pre-packed Gravel Pack Screens
y Bridge Plugs
y Inflatable Packers
48/51
High Pressure Jetting
y Use jetting energy to remove
scale by creating a pressure
drop across a DH jetting
nozzle.
y Used with hard scale
y Used with ID variety
y Nozzle(s) need to cover 360
deg of ID by rotating head or
indexing.
y Process is sensitive to :
y Abrasives Loading
y Rate of Penetration
y Pressure Drop
49/51
Electric Logging with CT = CTL
y CTL definition
y The conveying of tools with Coiled Tubing whereby the
downhole to and from surface telemetry occurs through
a wire
y Applications
y Pushing logging tools in high angle wells, pumping while
logging and logging while pumping.
50/51
System Components - CT Logging
Coiled Tubing
with internal Cable
Collector
Pressure
Bulkhead
Deployment
System
Logging Unit
CT Logging Head
Logging Suite
51/51

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10 Coiled Tubing Operation

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Quartz School

11. Well for Well

Coiled Tubing Principles

Coiled Tubing Equipment

Coiled Tubing Equipment

The basic configuration of a coiled tubing equipment package is

5. Depth/speed measurement (depth

y Outside tensioners (3) 3 3

y Lower idling sprocket (4)

Chain link plate

Reel Model / Configuration

1-1/4-in. 15,000 22,500 25,000 25,000 25,000

y Override motor (2)

y Spooling head (3)

Reel Reel Reel

y Providing operations data to

enable well site design and

Well Control Equipment for CT

Tubing support/top access

y Provide a secondary barrier against wellbore pressure and fluids

Upper flange/connection adapter

Equalizing valve Blind rams

Lower flange/connection adapter

Lower BOP Injector head

The Continuous (Coiled) Tubing

1965 250 ft strip lengths (Republic Tubing, USA)

1985 1700 ft strip lengths

1986 3500 ft strip lengths (Japanese Suppliers)

1987 Tubing milled continuously

2-3/8-in. 2-7/8-in. 3-1/2-in. 4-1/2-in.

Biased Weld Configuration

Biased weld and longitudinal weld forms

Tapered String Configuration

Nom Min Nom Min Min Hydro Int

(c ) S chlum berger D owell 1994-96

1. CoilLIFE stored on reel

(c) Schlumberger Dowell 1994-96

y Coiled Tubing Drilling

• Nitrogen Kick Offs

• Scale and Paraffin Removal

The use of Coiled Tubing to convey mechanical tools is an

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