F D E L: (+ 6 3) 0 9 7 7 - 8 1 7 1 - 1 3 6 Ueling Reams, Mpowering Earners

CHAPTER I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
Introduction
In 2011, the Department of Education has made the historic implementation
of shifting from the 10-year basic education curriculum to the Kinder to 12 Program
(K-12) in phases. The added two-year Senior High Track aims to equip you with
knowledge and skills that will help you prepare better for your chosen path -- be it
higher education, employment, or entrepreneurship.
Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education;
students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school
capacity. The choice of career track will define the content of the subjects a student
will take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS subjects fall under either the Core Curriculum or
specific Tracks. Each student in Senior High School can choose among three tracks:
Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic
track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM);
Humanities, and Social Sciences (HUMSS); and Science, Technology, Engineering,
Mathematics (STEM).
In order to keep up with other countries in terms of knowledge and
competence in different fields, the Philippines has adopted the K to 12 learning
program, which has been the standard education system in other countries for quite
some time now. The said program aims to enhance the quality of learning of students
by adding 2 years on secondary education level. The additional 2 years is
called Senior High School (SHS), in which students will be allowed to choose a
particular track that is related to the field or profession that they wish to pursue in the
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(+63) 0977-8171-136 taalseniorhs@gmail.com
Fueling Dreams, Empowering Learners
future. Choosing a track is critical for making a student highly proficient in the field
where his or her chosen track is related to, especially if the student wishes to work
immediately after graduating from SHS. As most educators say, a mismatch in the
track and the student’s interests, personality and passion may lead to a poorly
knowledgeable graduate who will find it hard to compete in the job market or keep up
with other students when he or she goes to college.
For students who have aspirations and expectations for their future, they have
perseverance in pursuing their studies. With the curricular offerings of private
colleges and universities which are almost identical programs makes diversification
very difficult. Therefore, the competitive edge, uniqueness and quality must be
established in educational marketing through image building while helping and
guiding the parents towards the achievement of their desire for the success of their
children.
Strand is a consistent thread running through a course offer irrespective of its
subject content. STEM is an educational program developed to prepare primary and
secondary students for college and graduate study in the fields of science,
technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). ABM strand would focus on the
basic concepts of financial management, business management, corporate
operations, and all things that are accounted for. HUMMS strand is designed for
those who wonder what is on the other side of the wall. TVL also invests primarily on
skills that can gain you requisite COCs (Certificates of Competency) and NCs
(National Certifications) which would be essential when looking for better career
opportunities in agriculture, electronics, and trade.
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Conceptual Framework
This part presented the discussion of the conceptual framework used in the study.
Input Process
Output
1. What is the profile of the
respondents in terms of:
Gather data
1.1Gender; through survey Proposed action
questionnaire’s, plan in correctly
1.2 Strand? choosing strand in
analysis and
validation of data Senior High School
2. What are the factors

that affect the students in
choosing their strand?
2.1 Personality;
2.2Family or Relatives and
2.3 Job Opportunities?
Feedback
The paradigm of the study, the input consist of the profile of the respondents,
and factors that affect the grade 11 students in choosing their strand. The processes
used by the researchers are gathering data through survey questionnaire’s analysis
and validation of data. The output of this study is the propose action plan incorrectly
choosing a strand in Senior High School.
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Statement of the Problem
The main objective of this study is to determine the different factors that affect
the student decision in choosing their strand. This study is assess by the Grade 11
students of Taal Senior High School. To clearly arrive with the purpose of the study,
the following objectives are taken into considerations:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Gender;
1.2 Strand?
2. What are the factors that affect the students in choosing their strand?
2.1 Personality;
2.2 Family or Relatives and
3. What action plan may be proposed to guide students incorrectly choosing a strand
in Senior High School?
Significance of the study
This study is mainly conducted to know the factors that affect the grade 11
students of TSHS in choosing their strand. The result of the study will be of great
significance to the following: students, parents, and future researchers.
To the students. The study will enable the students to know that factors that
affect them in choosing their strand in Senior High School. To have an enough
knowledge about the strand they want to choose. And the result of the study will
make every student more prepared in their future study.

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To parents. This study will enable the parents to know the factors that affect
their children in choosing a strand. And the result of the study will make every parent
more caring a close to their children in the school matters.The study will provide them
information that would serve as a guide in supporting their children in making some
decision in their life courses.
To future researchers. This study will use as a reference material and a
guide to the future researcher who wish to conduct the same study or any study that
is related to the factors that affect the students in choosing a strand.
Scope and Delimitations of the Study
This study focused on the analysis of the factors that affect the grade 11
students of TSHS in choosing their strand. The main scope of this study focused on
the grade 11 students only of Taal Senior High School. This study is conducted
during school year 2018-2019. The limited time given to the researchers will give
coverage to the outcome of this study. The study is delimited to Grade 11 students
and Grade 12 is excluded, other Grade 11 from certain schools is not excluded.
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined according to how the researchers used the
following in the conduct of the study.++
ABM. This term refers to a strand that would focus on the basic concepts of
financial management, business management, corporate operations, and all things
that are accounted for.ABM can also lead you to careers on management and
accounting which could be sales manager, human resources, marketing director,
project officer, bookkeeper, accounting clerk, internal auditor, and a lot more.
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Ambition. This term refers to the desire to achieve something, or to succeed,
accompanied with motivation determination and an internal drive. It isa strong desire
to do or to achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work.
Family.This term refers to a group that is blood related consisting of parents
and children living together in a household.A study was conducted to investigate the
influence of family background on the academic performance of secondary school
students in Nigeria. It was found that supportive parents are important for their
children’s career decision making and for the success of their careers (Barker &
Clutter, 2010).
HUMSS. This term refers to a strand that is designed for those who wonder
what is on the other side of the wall. The HUMMS strand is designed for those who
wonder what is on the other side of the wall. In other words, you are ready to take on
the world and talk to a lot of people. This is for those who are considering taking up
journalism, communication arts, liberal arts, education, and other social science-
related courses in college.
Opportunities. This term refers to favorable juncture of circumstances. In
thisstudy, opportunities would refer to the circumstances favorableemployment or
pursuing a career, e.g. location, trends, high pay, etc. As supported by the study of
Mcquerry (2012), opportunity may influence how students have perceived their future
in terms of the reasonable probability of a future in particular career fields.
Personality. This term refers to the desired careers that the children want
tobe upon becoming adults. A study of Adecco (2015) shows that understanding the
personality the individual’s own traits and characteristics, rather than passion, are a
key to career fulfillment and success.
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Senior High School. This term refers to the second part of secondary
educationunder the K-12 program, wherein the students would take up thesubjects
under their career pathway specialization.
Skills. This term refers to the learned ability to carry out pre-determined
results often with the minimum outlay of time, energy, or both. In other words the
abilities that one possesses.
STEM. This term refers to an educational program developed to prepare
primary and secondary students for college and graduate study in the fields of
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Science, Technology,
Engineering, and Mathematics are intertwining disciplines when applied in the real
world. The difference of the STEM curriculum with the other strands and tracks is the
focus on advanced concepts and topics.
Strand. This term refers to a consistent thread running through a course offer
irrespective of its subject content.
TVL. This term also invests primarily on skills that can gain you requisite
COCs (Certificates of Competency) and NCs (National Certifications) which would be
essential when looking for better career opportunities in agriculture, electronics, and
trade. TVL is designed to develop students’ skills useful for livelihood projects at
home. It provides a curriculum that is a combination of core courses required for all
SHS strands and specialized hands-on courses that meet the standard hour
requirement and competency-based assessment of TESDA. Students in this strand
undergo TESDA assessment for National Certifications (NCs) that increase their
employability after graduation from SHS.
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Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies that are
relevant to the present study. These materials provided the researchers with
sufficient ideas and insights with led to the conceptualization of research problems.
Related Literature
Implementation of K-12 Program
Republic Act 10533 otherwise known as the Enhanced Basic Education Act of
2013 mandates the Department of Education to create another level of the basic
education composed of two years. These two additional years in the secondary level
shall comprise the senior high school program as set by the aforementioned law. The
primary goal of the program is to prepare secondary students to master the
prerequisite skills needed in professional courses for those who will prefer academic
tracks and to equip with employment and industrial skills needed for those who will
prefer technical-vocational and other tracks.
Tips on choosing the right track and strand for SHS
Providing the support that children need to build these skills at home, in early
care and education programs, and in other settings they experience regularly is one
of society’s most important responsibilities. Growth-promoting environments provide
children with “scaffolding” that helps them practice necessary skills before they must
perform them alone. Adults can facilitate the development of a child’s executive
function skills by establishing routines, modeling social behavior, and creating and
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maintaining supportive, reliable relationships. It is also important for children to
exercise their developing skills through activities that foster creative play and social
connection, teach them how to cope with stress, involve vigorous exercise, and over
time, provide opportunities for directing their own actions with decreasing adult
supervision (harvard.edu, 2017).
Research on family influence has increased rapidly during the last couple of
years, yet an understanding of family influences on career choices still remains
sparse. Most of the research on family influence focused on individual parents’
careers, for instance, mothers or fathers influencing children to take up a certain
career. This research considers family members’ influence on career choices which
includes parents, siblings and extended family members. The first interactions of a
child with people takes place within its home among members of its family who
include parents, siblings and relatives (Bollu-steve&Sanni, 2013). A child is affected
by a number of family-related factors such as the marital relationship of the parents,
the socio-economic status of the family, the atmosphere of the home (whether
parents are warm or hostile), the environmental condition, occupational status of the
parents and the number of siblings in the family (Bollu-steve&Sanni, 2013). The
family dynamics therefore play a pivotal role in the career readiness of the students.
Personality
There has been a lot of talk whether or not passion is the sole way for
choosing an individual’s career path. But there are other significant factors that can
influence the career path, not just passion. Several recent studies shows that
understanding the personality of the individual’s own traits and characteristics, rather
than passion, are a key to career fulfillment and success.
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An article posted by Adecco UK (Adecco UK, 2015), a part of a Swiss
multinational human resource consulting company of the same name, states that it is
worth finding out what type of worker an individual is with the increasing of employers
utilizing personality and psychometric testing procedures to analyze the employee’s
attributes beyond qualifications. It is also stated in the article that “choosing a job to
which an individual is inherently suited –rather than just able to convince the
interviewer that he/she is interested in the position –will make him/her a happier,
more productive employee.”
Family and Relatives
Respect for family is one of the most influential factors that impact Filipino
students’ career decision. It is concurred that “Out of respect and loyalty, it may not
be appropriate to express personal desires; rather, one may alter one’s interests to
maintain harmony.” As a sign of respect, Filipino children want to do well for the sake
of the family, follow parents’ advice about choosing a job or major in college and
lastly, make sacrifices for the family(Finlayson, 2009). For practicality reasons, it is
also reported that parents usually encourage careers that will not cost much money,
but at the same time, are stable sources of income. Careers in nursing, accounting,
and engineering are highly popular for Filipino families (Saysay, 2011).
In an online blog article by Angerman, family background is one of the major
factors to examine for those who seek career guidance. When talking about “family
background” issues, the extent of influence of the parents and the extended family
has on the person is at focus – both at positive and negative ways. This includes the
place where he grew up, the economic realities facing the family, illness, the
countries of origin, among others (Angerman, 2009).
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Job Opportunities
There are many opportunities that wait for every career that one wants to
pursue. Some people may stumble upon better occupation opportunities, thanks to
the strategies and steps that they follow. Investigating for career opportunities is well
worth taking time (Mind Tools, 2014). By doing this, one can discover opportunities
that are perfectly matched to his/her interests or skills, find out about promotions and
job openings before anyone else, and identify ways of expanding the knowledge and
skills needed for that career.
Opportunities exist for schools to take greater advantage of the fact that their
students are working by integrating employment and school experiences to the
benefit of adolescents’ vocational development. Guidance counselors can play a key
role in spearheading such efforts. Many youth do not see their jobs as connected
with their future work lives or as having any influence on their occupational
preferences. More can be done to develop internships and work-school cooperative
programs that might involve workplace visits or job shadowing, for example. Through
such programs, youth are exposed to the possibilities of working in particular kinds of
settings; they can learn about the requirements to fill certain kinds of jobs and do
particular types of tasks (Hamilton & Hamilton, 2000).
Opportunities in career choice would include academic settings, technical
schools, entry-level job openings, job shadowing, vocational guidance, job
placement, and industry contacts. Super (Super, 1957) stated, surprisingly enough,
that intelligence has little to do with getting entry-level positions; rather, maturity, as
in physical size and manner, is valued more by the employer than intelligence. An
academic background that closely meets the desired qualifications for a job is a
critical factor. Likewise shop skills are essential for some jobs in that they would
benefit someone pursuing a machine trades career.
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Extracurricular activities are beneficial to a job hunt. A record of clubs and
activities provides evidence of leadership and the ability to work in groups. The
careers most suited for someone with many extracurricular activities on her/his
resumé are sales, junior executive positions, and an educational career. Work
experience has been seen as the way a student demonstrates responsibility and
dependability. Those that are in the position to have the best contacts are students
with parents who hold supervisory or executive positions. Schools and employment
services have played a huge role, therefore, in the social mobility of students entering
the workforce. Schools and employment agencies have matched the qualifications of
the job to the education level of the career seeker, using computers, and eliminating
barriers of distance quite easily.
Related Studies
Factors Influencing Career Choices
In like manner with the study of La (2009) on factors influencing the
educational and career choices of senior high school students revealed that parent’
supports, school structure, gender and grade point average has considerable
influence on the Vietnamese Senior high school students’ educational and career
choice. In same year, Leonard (2009) study on high school students' course
selection decisions in South Carolina found out that parents and teachers are highly
influential in the course selection decision. In addition, Heilbronner (2011) claimed
that the greater number of the students manifested to proceed to STEM courses in
college. This is brought about with the quality, adequacy of preparations and
scholastic experiences of the students.
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Eremie, (2014), study on the comparative analysis of factors influencing
career choices among senior secondary school students in Rivers State, Nigeria. The
result showed that there were significant differences in the career preferences when
grouped according to their sex, parity, and parental influence. In addition,socio-
economic backgrounds were influential in participants' decisions to pursue a post-
secondary degree. Cultural factors, especially English fluency, were also relevant.
Several factors may be considered in selecting school and degree program
like quality education, the people from the environment, personal choice; and
accessibility of the school from students' residences. This study utilized a descriptive
type of research method with Freshman Maritime students as respondents. Findings
revealed that it is the personal choice of the students to enrol in maritime program in
Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas (LPU-B) with the support primarily
from their parents wherein quality education through being known as home of board
top-notches and its standards are considered big factor for their decision. They also
believed that finishing maritime education would bring them in employment abroad
which is basically the nature of duties and responsibilities of seafarers. High interest
towards the degree program is also manifested among the maritime students.
Maritime students graduated from public schools have significantly higher chance of
being influenced by people in choosing the school and degree program and they also
have significantly higher degree of interest towards the maritime program compared
to those graduated from private schools.
Problems Encountered in Implementing K-12 Program
This study provide possible options and the opportunities to be well oriented
and informed of the program offerings that would make them excel and successful.
This time, they will be orienting junior high school students to enter in the senior high
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school with properly selected academic track: Accountancy, Business and
Management (ABM) Strand; Humanities and Social Sciences Strand (HUMSS);
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) `Strand while other
colleges and universities will be offering other tracks based on the approval of the
Department of Education. The choice of career of the students is being influenced by
some factors from the social environment, mainly the parents as immediate family
who plays an active role in choosing the right education for their children
(Pafili&Mylonakis, 2011). As a sign of respect for the parents and culture of the
Filipinos, parents or the elderly are being consulted first by their children because
primarily they will be the one to provide the financial support to enter in college
(Laguador, 2013).
Career Decision-Making Process Model
This present study explores the last phase of the Career Decision-Making
Process Model of Hirschi and Läge (2007) which is the after actual decision-making
which aims to determine, whether It is important for the institution to identify the
willingness of the students to pursue the program where interest can be used as
good indicator of career choice (Hirschi&Läge, 2008), so that if problems might occur
in their academic performance related to negative attitude, the result of this study
might be useful to explain the situation. Part of the study is the issue of the type of
high school where the Maritime students graduated either from public or private
secondary schools. Estevan (2014) emphasized that in Brazil, although there is an
improvement in the quality of public school which may also increase enrollment;
there are some students who prefer private education now choose public schools. In
the Philippines, based on personal observation that most parents transferred their
children from private to public schools due to the global economic recession which
parents working abroad become unemployed or they are receiving lesser amount of
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salary compared to their normal compensation. Some political challenges that the
country faced for the past and present administrations make the parents financially
affected.
Factors Influencing Students in Choosing Their Strands
This study also explores the differences on how these students from private
and public schools really value their college degree to become future seafarers to
seek greener pastures from other countries. Majority of the parents who can afford to
educate their children in private schools are those capable to sustain in paying high
tuition and other miscellaneous fees, projects, assignments and co-curricular
activities. The nature of student life in public school is different from private due to the
different levels of economic status which may somehow influence the attitude and
behavior of the students towards on how they look at the environment based on their
social orientation within their sphere. Student development can be equated from the
kind of activities and quality of life that a school can provide wherein the success of
every outcome still depends on how the students appreciate and apply the learning
from various experiences. It is a good insight for the academic institution to
determine the reasons of the students for choosing them as a training ground for
their college degree. if the maritime program is definitely the college degree that the
students under study really aspire to pursue, either personal choice or with consent
and approval from other people.
This serves as initial information to strengthen the services of the
respondents for the selection of school based on quality education, influence of
people, personal preference; and accessibility and proximity; to determine the level of
their interest towards maritime program; and test the difference between students’
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perception from private and public high school on the factors affecting their choice of
school and level of interest towards the maritime program.
Career Development
The present study is highly relevant to the one conducted by Garcez since
both studies concentrate on the students’ desire to succeed in the field of education
to be able to pursue their goals in the near future. These studies also give emphasis
on the career development that learners need to attain through self-esteem which is
part of the Senior High school Education Program. The difference lies on the
broadness of the topic. His study is more focused on setting career goals through
education while the present study stresses the course preferences in Senior High
School.
Career Needs
Moreover, the study conducted by Lethbridge has high relevance to the
present study since it also concentrates on assessing the career needs of senior high
school students. The present study also aims to evaluate these career needs of
Senior HS students through identifying their desired tracks according to their
perceptions. Factors such as school and home are discussed on both studies.
However, they differ in terms of the nature of respondents because her study
includes teachers, parents, counselors and administrators.
Influence of Personality on Career Choice
There are many methods for assessing personality type, and the most
common is the RIASEC model of the psychologist John L. Holland (Holland,1973),
which is developed from his study which postulates that people project self- and
world-of-work views onto occupational titles and make career decisions that satisfy
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their preferred personal orientations based on the premise that personality factors.
Holland’s model constitute of six basic personality types, namely: Realistic,
Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional. From the 6, the model
provides the possibility of a 720 different personality patterns. The results will show
the tendencies of a person to lean towards a certain type of personality, which would
provide a list of careers that might suit the person best.
Another study that establishes the influence of personality on career choice is
of Dr. Claudia Harzer and companions of University of Zurich (Harzer, et.al, 2012),
which focuses on the character strengths of an individual and how it affects their
career. From interviews of over 1,000 working people, their study shows that the
degree of positive experiences increases with the number of personal character
strengths, or so-called “signature strengths”, applied at work. This would imply that
understanding what roles a person are best suited to based on his/her personality is
what will make him/her the most happy at work.
In the study of Adecco(2015) ,there has been a lot of talk whether or not
passion is the sole way for choosing an individual’s career path. But there are other
significant factors that can influence the career path, not just passion. Several recent
studies shows that understanding the personality the individual’s own traits and
characteristics, rather than passion, are a key to career fulfillment and success. An
article posted by Adecco UK, a part of a Swiss multinational human resource
consulting company of the same name, states that it is worth finding out what type of
worker an individual is with the increasing of employers utilizing personality and
psychometric testing procedures to analyze the employee’s attributes beyond
qualifications. It is also stated in the article that choosing a job to which an individual
is inherently suited rather than just able to convince the interviewer that he/she is
interested in the position will make him/her a happier, more productive employee”.
17
Another study that establishes the influence of personality on career choice is of Dr.
Claudia Harzer and companions of University of Zurich (Harzer, et.al, 2012), which
focuses on the character strengths of an individual and how it affects their career.
From interviews of over 1,000 working people, their study shows that the degree of
positive experiences increases with the number of personal character strengths, or
so called “signature strengths”, applied at work. This would imply that understanding
what roles a person are best suited to based on his/her personality is what will make
him/her the most happy at work. As supported by the study of Mcquerry (2012), the
earning potential of your chosen profession is likely to be a factor that influences your
career path. You may find one aspect of your career that is more financiallyrewarding
than another, or that working your way through the ranks holds greater financial
incentive than staying in the same job.
Influence of Family on Career Choices
Parents influence career choices in a number of ways, for example, parental
support and encouragement. A study carried in Kenya reflects that when adolescents
require information on topics such as career planning, they consult their parents
(Edwards & Quinter, 2011). Although the study was similar to the current study in
terms of focus and objectives, the study used a qualitative approach which limits the
objectivity and generalisability of results. Another 19 study in Kenya also examined
the influence of parental support in their children’s careers (Korrir&Wafula, 2012)
however, the study was carried out to examine the factors that influence the choice of
careers in the hospitality industry in Kenya. The current study did not focus on a
particular career but careers in general and is carried out in Zimbabwe.
A study was conducted to investigate the influence of family background on
the academic performance of secondary school students in Nigeria. It was found that
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supportive parents are important for their children’s career decision making and for
the success of their careers (Barker & Clutter, 2010). (Bollu-steve&Sanni ,2013)
established that Nigerian parents influenced students’ performance and eventual
career choices. Despite the differences in the aims of these studies, they
acknowledged the importance of parental support of their children’s education and
career choices. The current study particularly focused on family influences on career
choices.
In a study conducted by Bregman and Killen (2008) it was documented that
adolescents valued parental influence and guidance in the area of career choice and
vocation development. It is important for parents to give students support and
encouragement to explore the many options available to find the best career fit.
According to Oladele (2009),some parents do not like to force their children,they
allow their children to make up their minds while they support them. This seems to be
an ideal approach while some other rely on theschool but give advice where
necessary. Stressesthat parents consciously set-up standards worthy of education
fortheir children and motivate them achievement oriented.
According to Hairston (2010) in “family role in career development”, says that
parent’s career aspirations and occupation aid children in selecting their career and
occupational goals and this influence their knowledge of occupations and familiarize
them with occupational roles and requirements. Parents want their children to
continue their occupation or to learn how to manage their business in the near future.
Influence of Job Opportunities on Career Choice
In the study conducted by Mind Tools (2014), there are many opportunities
that wait for every career that one wants to pursue. Some people may stumble upon
better occupation opportunities, thanks to the strategies and steps that they follow.
19
Investigating for career opportunities is well worth taking time. By doing this, one can
discover opportunities that are perfectly matched to his/her interests or skills, find out
about promotions and job openings before anyone else, and identify ways of
expanding the knowledge and skills needed for that career. As supported by the
study of Mcquerry (2012), opportunity may influence how students have perceived
their future in terms of the reasonable probability of a future in particular career fields.
The issue of poverty has played an important determining role in the opportunities
available to all. They want to take a strand that can help them easily to earn high
salary because they want a better future someday. Last in rankwas the respondents
would pursue a career that is timely in demand with a weighted mean of 3.88 and a
verbal interpretation of much influenced. According to respondents they prefer to
choose in demand courses for them to be able to find a job easily in the future. In
relation to the study of Mathay (2016), there are jobs offered after graduating senior
high school that is related to the field of your chosen career path.
Importance of Career Selection
Choosing a course track should consider different factors in order to have
virtuous decision. As observed most of the senior high school student has a course
that been chosen by parents they should take up. Most of them have the tendency
to lower grades because they found the course is not interested. There are different
effects on students if the course that they take is not relevant to the development that
they want. Some students who have the course that they don't want to tend to take
the course seriously and their goal will only to graduate.
There are several factors that impact the students from high school seniors'
decide in what course they should take. From the phases that have proposed by
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Jackson, which could affect students' decision in finding a decent course, there is still
a relevant factor in it. According to investigation, Career selection is one of many
important choices students will make in determining future plans. This decision will
impart them throughout their lives. The essence of who the student is will revolve
around what the student want to do with their life-longer work. The choice of career
has been a serious problem among the secondary school students in Negeria. No
matter what one's age is, the choice of career or desire is an important question for
everybody. A lot of students in secondary schools believe that their future is glorious
adventures in which they are bound to succeed. Many of them have the idea that
they would be able to work in the public or private establishment as soon as they
complete secondary school education.
A career choice is important because it determines their success in the next
stages of their life (PAMS, n.d). One of the tasks of high school students is to explore
and plan for their post-secondary career options. High school students are at the
exploration stage of career development. Many factors affect career choices of high
school students. Identifying these factors would give parents, educators, and industry
an idea as to where students place most of their trust in career selection process.
Some Specialized Strands offered in Senior High School
Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education;
students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school
capacity. Each student in Senior High School can choose among three tracks:
Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic
track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business Management (ABM);
Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS); and Science, Technology, Engineering,
21
and Mathematics (STEM). The choice of career track will define the content of the
subjects a student will take in Grades 11 and 12 (Official Gazette, 2012).
On the first semester SHS students were divided by their chosen strand.
However, for this second semester there are SHS students who opt to transfer to the
other strand. It is in this context that the proponents of the study would like to
determine the factors that influence SHS student of SCC in the choice of strand.
22
Synthesis of the Review Literature and Studies
The Studies and literature’s that are researchers provide are helpful tool to
accomplish the study. The literature and study both foreign and local that
researchers, gathered is somehow connected to each other and is very helpful in
solving the problem of this researcher, that is to determine the factors that affect the
Taal Senior High School grade 11 students in choosing their strand.
The present study is highly relevant to the one conducted by Garcez because
the study of Garcez concentrate on increasing career development activities, which
includes setting career goals, students had a higher self-esteem while the present
study focused on the factors that affect the grade 11 students in choosing their strand
in Senior High School
It is also noted that there are similarities between the present study and the
one conducted by SiguanJr.,Almerino and Pabiton are highly related to the present
study because these are all centered on developing course preferences for better
occupation. The factors that may also influence their chosen specialization are also
discussed in these studies. However, the difference lies on some factors since one
ofthese studies is focused more on personal interests, abilities, skills and values. The
present study concentrates on the interests, skills, ambition, influence of others, age,
gender, economic status and strand choose. Generally, the studies conducted by
both foreign and local researchers are related to the present study.
23
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND PROCEDURES
This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study, the
research instrument used, the data gathering procedures, the scoring, and statistical
treatment of data.
Research Design
The research design used by the researcher is the descriptive method of
research. Descriptive method of research is the most widely used method for
researches that determine the current conditions and relations, viewed opinions and
beliefs, the process to be used and the possible effects, and developing trends.
According to Calderon (2008), as cited by Alberto et al (2011), descriptive
method is also known as statistical research, it describes data and characteristics
about the population or phenomenon being studied. This research method is used for
frequencies, averages and other statistical calculations. Often the best approach
prior to writing descriptive research, is conducting a survey investigation.
According to Manuel and Medeldescriptive research describes what is. It
involves the description, recording, analysis, and interpretation of the present nature,
composition or processes of phenomena. The focus is on prevailing conditions, or
how a person, group, or thing behaves or functions in the present. It often involves
some type of comparison or contrast.
24
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were randomly chosen from the different sections
of STEM, ABM, HUMSS, and TVL strands of Taal Senior High School. There were a
total of 222 grade 11 students which we used to be the respondents of this study..
The researchers used the proportional stratified random sampling technique were
thesample size of each stratum in this technique is proportionate to the population
size of the stratum when viewed against the entire population. This means that each
stratum has the same sampling fraction.
Data Gathering Instrument
The researchers used questionnaire as the main gathering instrument in
collecting significant data that related to the presented study. It is divided in to two (2)
parts. The first parts deals with the profile of the respondents and the second one is
the factors that affect Taal Senior High School Grade 11 students in choosing their
strand.
Preparation of the Questionnaire
The researchers read book, magazines, and thesis to formulate the
questionnaire. The questionnaire was conducted based on the statement of the
problem made. The researchers organized the ideas and came up with the first draft
of the questionnaire. It was presented to the research paper adviser for comments,
suggestions and recommendations. All corrections and suggestion were considered
in the final draft of the questionnaire. It was multiple equal to the number of
respondents.
25
Data Gathering Procedure
After the questionnaire was multiple, the researchers provide a letter seeking
permission from the Office-in-charge of Taal Senior High School.
After the permission was granted, the questionnaire were personally
administered to the randomly chosen two hundred twenty two (222) Students of
STEM, ABM, HUMSS and TVL strand in Taal Senior High School.
Scoring and Interpretation
The responses were tabulated, analyzed and interpreted using the following
code:
OPTION SCALE-RANGE VERBAL INTERPRETATION
5 4.5-5.0 Very Much Felt
4 3.5-4.49 Much felt
3 2.5-3.49 Moderately felt
2 1.5-2.49 Less felt
1 1.0-1.49 Not felt
Statistical Treatment of Data
The researcher applied the following statistical tools to treat and give clearer
meaning to the data gathered.
26
Ranking. This was used to determine the factors that affect the Taal Senior High
School grade 11 students in choosing their strand.
Percentage. This was used to find out the part of the whole in the profile of the
respondents.
(P)= F/N x 100
Where:
F= Frequency
N= Total number of respondents
P= Percentage
Weighted Mean.This used to quality the responses of each individual item and
the general responses for each part.
27
CHAPTER IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter includes the data analysis and findings of research study.
Researchers used table in presenting the data gathered from the respondents. In
addition, it includes the interpretation of all necessary information.
1. Demographic Profile of the Respondents
1.1 Gender
Table 1.1
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by Gender
GENDER FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANKING
Male 78 35% 2
Female 144 65% 1
Table 1.1 clearly shows that out of 222 respondents, 144 or 65% of them are
female and 78 respondents or 35% of them are male.
28
1.2 Strand
Table 1.2
Frequency and Percentage Distribution of the Respondents by Strand
STRAND FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE RANKING
STEM 8 4% 4
ABM 44 20% 3
HUMSS 80 36% 2
TVL 90 40% 1
Table 2 presents the distribution of respondents in terms of their chosen
strand. This shows that first in rank was from TVL with the highest percentage of
40% which means most of the respondents are from TVL students. It can be
concluded from the result above that most of the students of TSHS prefer TVL as
their chosen strand. It can also be noted that 36% of the respondents are from
HUMMS with the frequency of 80 out of 222 and 20% of the respondents are from
ABM students and the remaining 4% are from STEM students
2. Factors Affecting the Students in Choosing Their Strand
Career choice requires self –assessment. Students have to be well informed
to make wise decision about careers as information is crucial on making satisfying
career choice. There is a need to update information in order to reflect any changes
in the self-analysis or in goals. This study explores factors that influenced students in
choosing their strand for senior high school.
29
2.1 Personality
Personality helps a person in finding the career that he is inherently suited in
(Adecco UK, 2015). As his characteristics define his behavior at work, this may affect
his productivity.
The table below shows that personality is being put to consideration in choosing a
career that they will specialize on the strand that they preferred.
Table 2.1
Personality as Factor Affecting Studentsin Choosing their Strand
STATEMENT WEIGHTED VERBAL RANKING

MEAN INTERPRETATION
1. My personality fits best 4.03 2.5

in my chosen career that I
would take from this strand. Much Influenced
2. My traits and 4.03 2.5

understanding of them will
give me an advantage on Much Influenced
landing to my pursued
career.
3. I am more productive in 3.86 5

the career that I practice
due my traits. Much Influenced
4. My attributes are ideal 4.05 1

for the career that I will
focus on. Very Much Influenced
5. I discover where I am 3.94 4

passionate about.
Much Influenced
Average Weighted Mean 3.99 Much Influenced
30
The table shows that the students are much influenced by personality factors
in choosing a strand as supported by the average weighted mean of 3.99.
As gleaned on the table, students are very much influenced by their personal
attributes with the weighted mean of 4.05. It was supported by the study of Adecco
(2015) there has been a lot of talk whether or not passion is the sole way for
choosing an individual’s career path. But there are other significant factors that can
influence the career path, not just passion. Several recent studies shows that
understanding the personality the individual’s own traits and characteristics, rather
than passion, are a key to career fulfillment and success. An article posted by
Adecco UK, a part of a Swiss multinational human resource consulting company of
the same name, states that it is worth finding out what type of worker an individual is
with the increasing of employers utilizing personality and psychometric testing
procedures to analyze the employee’s attributes beyond qualifications. It is also
stated in the article that choosing a job to which an individual is inherently suited
rather than just able to convince the interviewer that he/she is interested in the
position will make him/her a happier, more productive employee”. Another study that
establishes the influence of personality on career choice is of Dr. Claudia Harzer and
companions of University of Zurich (Harzer, et.al, 2012), which focuses on the
character strengths of an individual and how it affects their career. From interviews of
over 1,000 working people, their study shows that the degree of positive experiences
increases with the number of personal character strengths, or so called “signature
strengths”, applied at work. This would imply that understanding what roles a person
are best suited to based on his/her personality is what will make him/her the most
happy at work. As supported by the study of Mcquerry (2012), the earning potential
of your chosen profession is likely to be a factor that influences your career path. You
may find one aspect of your career that is more financially rewarding than another, or
31
that working your way through the ranks holds greater financial incentive than staying
in the same job.
2.2 Family or Relatives
Many Filipinos do take upon the parents or relatives suggestion on what they
should specialize when they grow up. Some parents suggest careers that wouldn’t
cost that much and the same time, are stable sources of income.
Table 2.2
Family or Relatives as Factor Affecting Students in Choosing Strand

MEAN INTERPRETATION
1. My parents and/or relatives

Somewhat
took the same career that I 3.19 4
Influenced
would pursue.
2. Preferences are made by a

Somewhat
relative since they will provide 3.29 3
Influenced
for the expenses.
3. My family will give me

support on the chosen career 4.23 Much Influenced 1
for me.
4. I believe that they are the

one who are responsible to
3.50 Much Influenced 2
choose a career since they
may know what is best for me.
5. My parents occupation
Somewhat
determine my choice of 3.06 5
Influenced
career.
Somewhat
Average Weighted Mean 3.45
Influenced
32
Table 2.2 presents the family and relatives as factor affecting students in
choosing a strand with a composite mean of 3.45 and a verbal interpretation of
somewhat influenced. This means that first in rank was the family of the students will
give them support on their chosen career with a weighted mean of 4.23 and a verbal
interpretation of much influenced. In a study conducted by Bregman and Killen
(2008) it was documented that adolescents valued parental influence and guidance
in the area of career choice and vocation development. It is important for parents to
give students support and encouragement to explore the many options available to
find the best career fit. According to Oladele (2009),some parents do not like to force
their children,they allow their children to make up their minds while they support
them. This seems to be an ideal approach while some other rely on theschool but
give advice where necessary. Stressesthat parents consciously set-up standards
worthy of education fortheir children and motivate them achievement oriented.
Last in rank was the parents occupation that determine the student choice of
career with a weighted mean of 3.06 and a verbal interpretation of somewhat
influenced. As a result, according to Hairston (2010) in “family role in career
development”, says that parent’s career aspirations and occupation aid children in
selecting their career and occupational goals and this influence their knowledge of
occupations and familiarize them with occupational roles and requirements. Parents
want their children to continue their occupation or to learn how to manage their
business in the near future.
33
2.3 Job Opportunities
There are many opportunities that surround the career as a person wants to
pursue. Being investigative with opportunities makes them discover more and those
opportunities would make career life better.
Table 2.3
Job Opportunities as aFactorAffecting Students in Choosing their Strand

MEAN INTERPRETATION
1. There are abudant 3.99 3.5

opportunities I can avail from
the career I would pursue. Much Influenced
2. The strand that I chose will 4.17 2

help me to find a suitbale career
easily. Much Influenced
3.The career that I would 3.88 5

pursue is timely in-demand.
Much Influenced
4. I am fully aware of the 3.99 3.5

oppotunities that surround the
career that I seek. Much Influenced
5. The career that I chose will 4.18 1

help me to have a stable job
and high salary. Much Influenced
Average Weighted Mean 4.04 Much Influenced
Table 2.3 shows the job opportunities as factor affecting students in choosing
a strand with a composite mean of 4.04 and a verbal interpretation of much
influenced.
34
First in rank was that the career that they chose will help them to have a
stable job and high salary with a weighted mean of 4.18 and a verbal interpretation of
much influenced. As a result, this was followed by the strand that they chose will also
help them to find a suitable career easily with a weighted mean of 4.17 and a verbal
interpretation of much influenced.In relation to the study conducted by Mind Tools
(2014), there are many opportunities that wait for every career that one wants to
pursue. Some people may stumble upon better occupation opportunities, thanks to
the strategies and steps that they follow. Investigating for career opportunities is well
worth taking time. By doing this, one can discover opportunities that are perfectly
matched to his/her interests or skills, find out about promotions and job openings
before anyone else, and identify ways of expanding the knowledge and skills needed
for that career. As supported by the study of Mcquerry (2012), opportunity may
influence how students have perceived their future in terms of the reasonable
probability of a future in particular career fields. The issue of poverty has played an
important determining role in the opportunities available to all. They want to take a
strand that can help them easily to earn high salary because they want a better future
someday. Last in rankwas the respondents would pursue a career that is timely in
demand with a weighted mean of 3.88 and a verbal interpretation of much
influenced. According to respondents they prefer to choose in demand courses for
them to be able to find a job easily in the future. In relation to the study of Mathay
(2016), there are jobs offered after graduating senior high school that is related to the
field of your chosen career path.
35
CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter presents the summary of the study, the findings based on
the results, the conclusions from the findings and the recommendations drawn by the
researchers.
SUMMARY
The main instrument in collecting primary data is questionnaire. It was
employed to come up with the factors concerning in choosing strand of the student.
The researchers also employed the use of books, unpublished, journals, internet and
the past studies that conducted by the previous researchers. The obtained data were
treated statistically using simple ranking and weighted mean.
Specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 Gender;
1.2 Strand?
2. What are the factors that affect the students in choosing their strand?
2.1Personality;
2.2 Family or Relatives and
36
3. What action plan may be proposed in correctly choosing a strand in Senior High
School?
Descriptive method was used in this study, descriptive method of research is
a fact finding study with the adequate and accurate interpretation of findings. It
supports the present fact concerning the nature and states of any kind of
phenomena. The study attempted to determine the factors affecting the Taal Senior
High School Grade 11 students in choosing their strand. The respondents of the
study were 222 Grade 11 students of Taal Senior High School in the school year
2018-2019. The proposed action plan that we have are the activities and programs
like career guidance program, information seminar and career week that can help the
students to be informed and guided in choosing a strand or career.
FINDINGS
1.The Demographic Profile of the Respondents
1.1 Gender
The demographic profile of the respondents in terms of gender found out that
female have the highest percentage, out of 222 respondents 65% of them are female
with the frequency of 144 students and 78 of the respondents or 35% of them are
male.
1.2 Strand
The data showed thatfirst in rank was from TVL strand with the highest
percentage of 40% which means that most of the respondents are from TVL
students. It can be concluded from the data gathered that most of the students of
37
TSHS prefer TVL as their chosen strand. It can also be noted that 36% of the
respondents are from HUMMS with the frequency of 80 out of 222 and 20% of the
respondents are from ABM students and the remaining 4% are from STEM students.
2.The Factors that Affects the Student in Choosing their Strand
2.1 Personality
Personality considered as one of the factors that affects the student in
choosing their strand, students are very much influenced by their personal attributes
with the weighted mean of 4.05. There has been a lot of talk whether or not passion
is the sole way for choosing an individual’s career path. Personality focuses on the
character strengths of an individual and how it affects their career. From interviews of
over 1,000 working people, their study shows that the degree of positive experiences
increases with the number of personal character strengths, or so called “signature
strengths”,applied at work. This would imply that understanding what roles a person
are best suited to based on his/her personality is what will make him/her the most
happy at work.
2.2 Family and Relatives
Family and relatives is also factor that affects the student. Family of the
students will give the students support on their chosen career with a weighted mean
of 4.23 and a verbal interpretation of much influenced. Adolescents valued parental
influence and guidance in the area of career choice and vocation development. Last
in rank with verbal interpretation of somewhat influenced, the parents’ occupation
determines the choice of career of the student.
38
2.3Job Opportunities
Job Opportunities is one of the factors in choosing strand. First in rank was
that the career that they chose will help them to have a stable job and high salary
with a weighted mean of 4.18 and a verbal interpretation of much influenced. Last in
rank was the career that they would pursue is timely and in demand with a weighted
mean of 3.88 and a verbal interpretation of much influenced. The earning potential of
your chosen profession is likely to be a factor that influences your career path. You
may find one aspect of your career is more financially rewarding than another, or that
working your way through the ranks holds greater financial incentive than staying in
the same job. Your personal financial needs are also likely to influence the career
choices you make. Opportunity is the third factor that has shaped career choices for
students. Opportunity may influence how students have perceived their future in
terms of the reasonable probability of a future in particular career fields. The issue of
poverty has played an important determining role in the opportunities available to all.
CONCLUSION
Based on the findings of the study the following conclusions are drawn.
1. Most of the respondents are female and are from TVL strand.
2. The students are much influenced by personality and existing job
opportunities in choosing a career or strand.
3. There are suggested activities and programs to help students be informed
and guided about choosing a strand.
39
RECOMMENDATION
Based on the findings and conclusion presented the following recommendation are
suggest.
1. Students must choose their strand according to their interest talents and
skills.
2. Students should take advice from knowledgeable person that can be decent
or relevant to their situation.
3. The proposed action plan must be tried and implemented to help and guide
the students in choosing a strand or career.
40
Factors Affecting Taal Senior
High School Grade 11
Students in Choosing
their Strand
Name (optional):__________________________
Address: ________________________________
Part 1: Demographic Profile of the Respondents
Direction: Please answer the following questions by putting a check mark on
corresponding answer.
1.1 Gender 1.2 Strand

___Male ___STEM
___Female ___ABM
___HUMSS
___TVL
Directions: Based on the given categories, rate the following factors that affecting
Taal Senior High School Grade 11 students in choosing their strand. Please check
the box that corresponds to your answer.
5 – Very Much Influenced
4 – Much Influenced
3 – Somewhat Influenced
2 – Less Influenced
1 – Not Influenced
41
2.1 Personality
Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
1.My personality fits best in my chosen
career that I would take from this strand.
2. My traits and understanding of them will
give me an advantage on landing to my
pursued career.
3. I am more productive in the career that
I’ll practice due to my traits.
4. My attributes should be ideal for the
career that I would focus on.
5. I discovered where I am passionate
about
2.2 Family/Relatives
1. My parents and/or relatives took the

same career that I would pursue.
2. Preferences are made by a relative since

they will provide for the expenses.
3. My family will give me support on the

chosen career for me.
4. I believe that they are the one who are

responsible to choose a career since they
may know what is best for me.
5. My parent’s occupation determinemy

choice of career.
42
2.3 Job Opportunities
1.There are abundant opportunities I can
avail from the career I would pursue.
2. The strand that I chose will help me to
find a suitable career easily.
3. The career that I would pursue is timely
in-demand.
4. I am fully aware of the opportunities that
surround the career that I seek.
5.The career that I chose will help me to
have a stable job and high salary.
43
Dr. Babylyn C. Gonzalvo
OIC Principal of Taal Senior High School
Taal, Batangas
Dear Ma’am,
Greeting of Peace!
We are ABM students of Taal Senior High school currently conducting a
research entitled “Factors That Affect the Taal Senior High School Grade 11
Students in Choosing their Strand” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for
Practical Research II.
Corollary to this, we are asking for your assistance and approval in allowing
us to distribute our questionnaires to the selected students of Taal Senior High
School.
Rest assured that any information given will be used exclusively in this
research and will be treated with outmost confidentiality. Any help that you will extend
to us will be highly appreciated.
It is hope that this request will merit your utmost consideration and approval.
Thank you very much!
Very truly yours,
WincelleAlmazan
Arvin Luistro
Josephine Arcibal
LorbenAbijay
Wendell Reyes
Researchers
Noted by:
Ms. Diana Lyn Habungan
Teacher – Practical Research II Approved by:
Dr. Babylyn C. Gonzalvo
OIC Principal of Taal Senior High School
44
Dear Respondents,
Good day!
Congratulations for being the one of the respondents to answer the
questionnaire for Practical Research II of the undersigned students of Taal senior
High school with the title “Factors That Affect the Taal Senior High School Grade
11 Students in Choosing their Strand”.
Corollary to this, we would like to request your cooperation by accomplishing
the attached questionnaire to gather the data needed for this study.
Rest assured that your response will be treated with utmost confidentiality
and will be used for this research only.
Thank you and God bless!
Very truly yours,
WincelleAlmazan
Arvin Luistro
Josephine Arcibal
LorbenAbijay
Wendell Reyes
Researchers
45

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CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

In 2011, the Department of Education has made the historic implementation

higher education, employment, or entrepreneurship.

Senior High School is two years of specialized upper secondary education;

students may choose a specialization based on aptitude, interests, and school

Academic; Technical-Vocational-Livelihood; and Sports and Arts. The Academic

track includes three strands: Accountancy, Business, and Management (ABM);

Humanities, and Social Sciences (HUMSS); and Science, Technology, Engineering,

In order to keep up with other countries in terms of knowledge and

competence in different fields, the Philippines has adopted the K to 12 learning

by adding 2 years on secondary education level. The additional 2 years is

with other students when he or she goes to college.

perseverance in pursuing their studies. With the curricular offerings of private

established in educational marketing through image building while helping and

Strand is a consistent thread running through a course offer irrespective of its

subject content. STEM is an educational program developed to prepare primary and

basic concepts of financial management, business management, corporate

opportunities in agriculture, electronics, and trade.

2. What are the factors

2.2Family or Relatives and

2.3 Job Opportunities?

choosing a strand in Senior High School.

the following objectives are taken into considerations:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

2.2 Family or Relatives and

2.3 Job Opportunities?

in Senior High School?

Significance of the study

significance to the following: students, parents, and future researchers.

make every student more prepared in their future study.

decision in their life courses.

To future researchers. This study will use as a reference material and a

is related to the factors that affect the students in choosing a strand.

Scope and Delimitations of the Study

following in the conduct of the study.++

financial management, business management, corporate operations, and all things

accounting which could be sales manager, human resources, marketing director,

to do or to achieve something, typically requiring determination and hard work.

Family.This term refers to a group that is blood related consisting of parents

influence of family background on the academic performance of secondary school

related courses in college.

Opportunities. This term refers to favorable juncture of circumstances. In

thisstudy, opportunities would refer to the circumstances favorableemployment or

in terms of the reasonable probability of a future in particular career fields.

key to career fulfillment and success.

under their career pathway specialization.

abilities that one possesses.

STEM. This term refers to an educational program developed to prepare

science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Science, Technology,

focus on advanced concepts and topics.

irrespective of its subject content.

COCs (Certificates of Competency) and NCs (National Certifications) which would be

requirement and competency-based assessment of TESDA. Students in this strand

employability after graduation from SHS.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Implementation of K-12 Program

primary goal of the program is to prepare secondary students to master the

prefer technical-vocational and other tracks.

Tips on choosing the right track and strand for SHS

of society’s most important responsibilities. Growth-promoting environments provide

supervision (harvard.edu, 2017).