“The continuing Yellow and Red Alerts [in the Luzon grid] being experienced today may eventually

lead
to a serious power supply shortage in the next few years”

This year, National Grid Corporation of the Philippines issued a red alert—when demand was likely to
exceed available generating capacity—as early as April 10 due to forced and unplanned outages of
several coal-fired plants and capacity de- rating.

The ever-growing demand for electricity, but without the approval of contracts that allow the construction
of new electricity generators, may see “serious power supply shortage in the next few years,” according to
Manila Electric Co. chair Manuel V. Pangilinan.

Production of electricity relies on renewable resources

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRIFICATION

Electricity is the most versatile and easily controlled form of

energy. At the point of use it is practically loss-free and
essentially non-polluting. At the point of generation it can be
produced clean with entirely renewable methods, such as wind,
water and sunlight.
Electricity is weightless, easier to transport and distribute, and it
represents the most efficient way of consuming energy.
Electrification – conversion from using another form of energy
to using electricity – is a central tool. The IEC believes that
smart electrification – a core competence of the IEC – will be
one of the most significant factors in addressing the energy
challenge.
Energy must be produced in the most efficient1 and least
damaging way, without inhibiting economic development. This
can be achieved through renewable production, including hydro,
large increases in the efficiency of fossil-fuel-based generation
(including carbon capture), and advanced nuclear power.
Secondly, the delivered electrical energy must be used in the
most efficient2 and effective way. A realistic aim is a 30 %
reduction in the short term in the energy needed to accomplish
any one task and, longer term, much greater improvements. The
latter will be based on rethinking the tasks themselves, coupled
with advances due to research and development along lines that
can already be mapped out today.

A. PIEZOELECTRIC EFFECT
Piezoelectricity, also called the piezoelectric effect, is the ability
of certain materials to generate an AC (alternating
current) voltage when subjected to mechanical stress or vibration,
or to vibrate when subjected to an AC voltage, or both. The most
common piezoelectric material is quartz. Certain ceramics,
Rochelle salts, and various other solids also exhibit this effect.
There are various methods by which sound energy can be
converted to Electrical form. One way of conversion is by using
Piezoelectric materials. Piezoelectric materials show basic
(natural) polarization. Most of the piezoelectric materials are
ceramic in nature. For example, barium titanate, but there are
some polymeric materials that are used for special applications.
Piezoelectric materials are usually polycrystalline materials that
are categorized into sections of similar polarization (fields). Once
they are aligned, these domains produce a net polarization. If an
electric field is applied, the dipoles within the domains either
contract or expand (producing a change in the volume). If a strain
is applied, the dipoles are again forced to contract or expand, this
time producing a potential difference. Piezoelectric materials
have found applications as gas igniters, displacement transducer,
actuators, delay lines, wave filters, and as producers of ultrasonic
energy. Collections of piezoelectric elements have been used to
yield ultrasonic imaging equipment. This link between electricity
and mechanism forms the basis of the method for developing
conversion technique. The Piezoelectric materials have
established a platform for mechanical energy to be utilized in new
ways such as productions of high voltages, electronic frequency
generation and many other applications. -Joshi, Kumar,
Chaudhary and Mishra Neha Joshi1 , Dishant Kumar2 , Divam
Chaudhary3 and Vinod Mishra4 2017

B. PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS
Piezoelectricity essentially transforms Kinetic Energy into
Electrical Energy, and it is implemented in wide areas ranging
from energy-generating trains to electronic circuits that recycle
wasted heat energy. Piezoelectric materials are used for different
sensing as well as for generating electricity from vibrations in
road surfaces. In the aerospace industry, piezoelectric
components serve in moving parts of satellites, optical
positioning and for onboard corrections. Naturally occurring
Piezoelectric materials are - Berlinite, Sucrose, Quartz, Rochelle
Salt, etc. Piezoelectric materials play a vital role in generating
power which range is microwatt to milliwatt. It is one of the most
interesting methods of obtaining the energy surrounding a system
is to use piezoelectric materials. This distortion created by various
means are directly transformed to electrical charge by
piezoelectric effect.
C. MICROPHONE DIAPHRAGM
Microphone diaphragm is a thin membrane that moves in reaction
to sound pressure variation (sound waves). The diaphragm is a
critical ingredient in the microphone recipe. In fact, without a
movable diaphragm, a microphone would not be able to do its job
as a transducer. The coinciding motion of the diaphragm with
sound pressure is the first step in changing acoustic energy into
electrical energy.
D. USE OF DIAPHRAGM
Another method of conversion is the use of a Diaphragm. In our
daily life, we essentially come across many devices that help in
the purpose that is they convert the sound to electrical energy. A
microphone is an example of a transducer. It is a device that
converts the energy from one form to another. Sound energy
occurs as shapes of air pressure; the microphone changes this
energy into the form of electric current. The basic property of
sound is that sound is a mechanical wave. When sound travels
over any medium then it disturbs the particles of that specific
medium and these disturbances caused by the sound can be used
to produce electricity. Suppose we create a very thin curtain like
diaphragm which will get fluctuated by the oscillation and
pressure created by sound wave. A conductor will be attached to
it which will be placed between magnetic bars, these fluctuations
will create a movement in conductor which will affect the
magnetic field of the magnet. This will produce motional emf and
will generate voltage across it.
LITERATURE SURVEY
The sound creates the pressure. An oscillation of pressure is a
mechanical wave. Mechanical energy could be converted into
electrical energy using law of thermodynamics. Mechanical
strain converts into electric energy using piezo electric material.
This property
of piezoelectric material could be used to make a device which
would be able to sustainably convert the sound energy to electric
energy.
The piezoelectric effect is understood as the linear
electromechanical interaction between the mechanical and the
electrical state in some crystalline materials with no inversion
symmetry. The piezoelectric effect is the process of internal
generation of electrical charge resulting from an applied
mechanical force the capacity of piezoelectric materials to
receive any vibration and to convert that into electric signal
attracted many researchers who tried to implement circuits and
systems for converting pressure and vibrations into electric
power.
Microphone and piezoelectric devices are playing a good roll in
our less requirements power like these device generated less
power in micro watts and milli watts at the few cost.
Microphone has an unique ability to catch the sound and convert
it into electrical energy its diaphragm.
When sound vibrations is on it then it has strain and stressed so
that converted into the electrical energy and piezoelectric (PZT)
is made of crystalline structure materials which direct convert
mechanical to electrical energy and vice versa. This research
paper is on the two method of converting electrical energy like
piezoelectric and microphone by utilizing of wastes and
pollutions of noise and create reliable and useful energy sources.
Our daily life useable device charged by this.
Sound energy is converted into electrical energy by transducer.
Here the transducer as a microphone which is to many
application as like audience gathering, social gathering and
covey message to others persons etc. here That microphone
convert the sound energy into electrical energy at low level by
capacitor bank boost that energy and charge our gadgets.