RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLASTIC WASTE AND SOIL POLLUTION

ALONG WITH WASTE MANAGEMENT

IN MALANG

To Fullfill the Course Assignment

Dasar - Dasar Ilmu Lingkungan (Basic of Environmental Science)

Which is Guided by Mr. Dr. Sueb, M.Kes

Presented after midterm exam

By :

Group 10 Offering G 2017

1. Hilda Dwi Anjani : 170342615583

2. Mita Berliana : 170342615544

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI MALANG

FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES
BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT
MAJOR S1 BIOLOGY
February 2018
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background
Some pollutants are natural material that either get in the wrong place or
become too concetrated in some places. Consider soil as an example. Soil can
become a pollutant by getting into water or air. Soil is also a part of the
environment that receive pollutans. Soil can depollute some materials by
decomposing them into harmless and products such as carbon dioxide and
water. Useful plant nutrients are often released by decomposition of pollutans.
But, there are some materials that are difficult or impossible to decompose.
Accumulation of such materials can pollute the soil (Loius & Frederick,
1979).
One of the causes of soil pollution is waste. Waste that is not properly
treated or even piling up the soil and even the dust in the soil can reduce the
soil fertility.
Indonesia, the world's second biggest contributor to plastic waste, is in a
state of emergency with regard to waste problems. Its decaying trash disposal
sites are struggling to cope with tens of millions of tons of waste every year (
Jong, 2015). The World Bank estimates that each of Indonesia’s 250 million
inhabitants is responsible for between 0.8 and 1kg of plastic waste per annum.
Indonesia’s commitment is part of the UN’s new clean seas campaign,
which aims to tackle consumer plastics through a range of actions – from
cutting down on single use plastics such as shopping bags and coffee cups to
pressuring firms to cut down on plastic packaging. But Indonesia’s target of a
70% reduction by 2025 is ambitious. Across the country’s 17,000 islands
there is poor public understanding of the problems created by plastic waste (
Langenheim, 2017 ).
Plastic pollution is just one of the threats to these ecosystems services, but
it’s a serious one. A recent study suggests that by 2050, there could be more
plastic than biomass in the world’s oceans ( Langenheim, 2017 ). Plastics
have entered the marine food chain and are already reaching our dinner
plates.
The research said that solid waste management practices. The main
categories of waste generated in households are fixed food (38%) and plastics
(37%). So plastic waste is a serious problem that must be addressed (Trasias
et. al, 2016)
Malang is one of the big cities in Indonesia in which its number of citizens
is growing every year and the amount of waste which is also increasing.
Regional growth and development in Malang give significant impact on
several development aspects including the environment. Population activities
and consumptions in urban and rural area have influence on waste increase.
The solid waste from households becomes problems of the community and
government. The increasing volume of the garbage was not balance with the
waste management program.
According to data published in the daily online newspaper Antara News,
the volume of domestic waste especially in Malang, during Ramadhan 2016
increased from ordinary days that average reached 600 tons to 680 tons per
day due to the popularity of takjil market in some points (Tri Ratomo, 2016).
According to daily newspaper online Surya Malang on 22 january 2018 ago,
Malang city government has promoted CCTV in road, bridge, market, and
other crowded place. But in fact all of this is not effective because of the lack
of human resources to monitor CCTV (Surya Malang, 2018).
1.2 Problem Formulation
Based on the background, the problems discussed can be formulated as
follows.
1. What are the impacts of waste problem in Malang?
2. How is proper solid waste management in Malang?
3. How is prevention of waste problem in Malang?

1.3 Purpose of the paper

Based on the problems, the goals that discussed can be formulated as follows.
1. Know what are the impacts of waste problem.
2. Know the dangers of toxins from waste.
3. Know how to prevention of waste problem
 CHAPTER 2
THEORITICAL REVIEW

2.1 Solid Waste

Solid waste means any garbage, refuse, sludge from a wastewater
treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control
facility and other discarded materials including solid, liquid, semi-solid, or
contained gaseous material, resulting from industrial, commercial, mining
and agricultural operations, and from community activities (Department of
Enviromental Conservation, 2014).
Example of solid waste include the following materials when
discarded, waste tires, septage, scrap metal, latex paints, furniture and
toys, garbage, appliances and vehicles, oil and anti freeze, empty aerosol
cans, paint cans and compressed gas cylinders, construction and
demolition debris, asbestos.
2.2 The Impact of Waste Problem
Garbage is a major problem when dealing with densely populated
populations in an area. Of course the population is directly proportional to
the waste problem. Plastic is often used as a wrapper. In everyday life we
often encounter plastic. This becomes a serious problem when the plastic
becomes garbage. Because the plastic is very difficult to decipher. Not
infrequently people choose to burn plastic waste or bury it in the soil. This
is not justified because burying plastic can reduce soil fertility. Most of the
food we eat is sourced from plants that live on the ground. If the soil is
infertile, it can not grow the plants for us to eat.
If the problem of plastic waste continues to be left, not only land
that will not fertile, public health is disrupted and lead to disruption of
social activities. Budget for guidance of garbage problem will be more
swell. But if the problem of waste can be given properly the environment
and public health will be saved, not only that, Malang will be more
advanced and can be an example for the City to do waste problems
properly (Lingkungan Hidup, 2016)

1. Human Health Impacts

The group at risk from the unscientific disposal of solid waste
includes the population in areas where there is no proper waste disposal
method or no proper disposal area, especially the pre-school children;
waste workers; and workers in facilities producing toxic and infectious
material. Other high-risk group includes population living close to a waste
dump and those, whose water supply has become contaminated either due
to waste dumping or leakage from landfill sites (UKessays, 2017).

2. Soil contamination
Soil contamination is caused by the presence of man-made
chemicals, the softness of the ground, having smelly soil vapor and other
alteration in the natural soil environment. This type of contamination
typically arises from the leaching of wastes from landfills or incorrect
disposal of industrial wastes to the soil. The most common chemicals
involved are petroleum hydrocarbons, solvents, pesticides, lead and other
heavy metals (UKessays, 2017).

3. Air pollution
The open burning of waste causes air pollution or greenhouse
effect. For example burning of rubber and plastic.Landfill gas (which is
produced by the decomposition of wastes) which can be explosive and
may harm people around on it if it is allowed to accumulate in confined
spaces (such as the cellars of buildings). Methane gas (one of the main
components of landfill gas) is much more effective than carbon dioxide as a
greenhouse gas, leading to climate change that may effect of destruction of
atmosphere of the earth or abnormality of weather condition (UKessays,
2017).

4. Affects our climate

As some waste decomposes, it releases greenhouse gases into the
atmosphere. Like trapping of heat on earth that may effect of abnormality
of weather condition like more storm or typhoon coming per year is
happening until now. The earth is suffering it already (UKessays, 2017).
2.3 Proper Management of Solid Waste

Proper waste management involves the use of garbage as a valuable

resource, usually by recycling items that don’t need to end up in a landfill yet.
Here are some ways to manage waste properly.

1. Source Reduction and Reuse

Reducing waste at the source is achieved by expanding recycling

efforts through creating recycling networks and providing on-site
food waste treatment facilities at residential and commercial
properties. The objective is to reduce the heavy reliance on raw
materials that are continuously getting depleted, in an effort to
conserve the environment.

2. Recovery and Recycling

Recovery involves the use of discarded items for other meaningful

uses. The discarded items usually have to go through a bit of
processing to extract or recover resources, or to transform them into
usable forms of energy such as fuel, electricity, or heat (Gorilla
Bins, 2016)

Recycling is the process of converting waste products into new

products to prevent energy usage and consumption of fresh raw
materials. Recycling is tied to the first point of source reduction,
and is the third component of the waste management hierarchy:
Reduce, Reuse, Recycle. In addition to reducing the creation of
new materials, recycling decreases energy usage, reduces air and
water pollution, reduces the volume of trash sent to landfills,
reduces greenhouse gas emissions and preserve natural resources
for future use.
3. Combustion/Incineration

Incineration or combustion is a type disposal method in which

municipal solid wastes are burned at high temperatures so as as to
convert them into residue and gaseous products. This means that the
residue occupies 20 to 30 percent of the landfill space that would
have been occupied by the solid waste, reducing the stress on
landfills. Also referred to as thermal treatment, this method can also
be used to generate heat, gas, and steam for power.

4. Composting

This is a natural bio-degradation process of organic wastes (kitchen

waste and plant remains) that converts them into nutrient-filled food
for plants. This is a common technique in organic farming, where
the organic materials sit in one place for months to allow for
decomposition.

5. Plasma Gasification

Plasma gasification is an emerging technology which can process

landfill waste to extract commodity recyclables and convert carbon-
based materials into fuels. It can form an integral component in a
system to achieve zero-waste and produce renewable fuels, whilst
caring for the environment ( Dogde, 2009 ). Plasma gasification
refers to the use of plasma torches as the heat source, as opposed to
conventional fires and furnaces. Plasma torches have the advantage
of being one of the most intense heat sources available while being
relatively simple to operate. Waste gasification typically operates at
temperatures of 1500C (2700F), and at those temperatures materials
are subject to a process called molecular disassociation, meaning
 their molecular bonds are broken down and in the process all toxins
and organic poisons are destroyed.

2.4 Prevention of Waste Problem

Our production and consumption lead to large quantities of waste.

An important element in work on eco‐cycles is therefore sustainable waste
management. Many are energy‐demanding to produce and contain
substances that exist in limited quantities. It is therefore necessary that we
manage joint resources in a long‐term manner to achieve sustainable
cycles in society. Consumption of energy for a product also has to be
weighed into the assessment. Producers must already take account of a
product’s environmental impact in a lifecycle perspective when it is
manufactured. Design and material selection, as well as energy
consumption in manufacturing and use must be taken into account. The
strategy is aimed at bringing about a society with non‐toxic
andresource‐efficient cycles. This includes prevention of waste, changed
patterns of consumption, more efficient production methods and waste
managemen wtith a greater focus on recycling.

1. Resource Efficience
Resource efficiency is the proactive process of preventing spent materials
from entering air, land, or water. With this “up- stream” approach, we can
reduce or eliminate waste at the source and reduce the demand on natural.

2. Producer Responsibility
Producer responsibility exists for several products (packaging, waste
paper, cars, tyres, batteries and electrical and electronic products). The
purpose of producer responsibility is to reduce the quantity of waste,
increase recycling and achieve more environmentally sound product
development. All producer in Malang must be able to control the goods
produced and also the waste generated in the process of producing.
3. Prohibition of Landfilling Combustible and Organic Waste
Landfilling combustible often occurs not only in Malang, but also in other
cities. The purpose of these bonds is to improve the conservation of
resources and reduce environmental impact. The purpose of these bans is
to improve the conservation of resources and reduce environmental
impact. Certain types of waste should be landfilled for various reasons, for
example because the substances contained in the waste should not be
dispersed or because recycling is not possible in practice.

2.5 Profile of Klojen Malang City

Kelurahan Sukun is an urban village located in Sukun District,
Malang City. This kelurahan consists of nine RW (Rukun Warga) and 111
RT (Rukun Tetangga). Administratively, Kelurahan Sukun is surrounded
by other urban villages in Malang. To the north, Sukun Sub-district is
directly adjacent to Kelurahan Kasin, Kecamatan Sukun. To the east, this
kelurahan is also directly adjacent to Kelurahan Kasin, Kecamatan Sukun.
In the south, Sukun Sub-district is bordered by the Village
Bandungrejosari, Kecamatan Sukun. Then, to the west, this village is
adjacent to Tanjungrejo Urban Village, Kecamatan Sukun.
Klojen is a sub-district located in the center of Malang City. Klojen
is one of the three oldest districts in Malang since it was designated as
Township during the Dutch occupation. Klojen own name is said to have
been taken from the word Loji, which is a fort or large buildings in the
colonial period located in the Claket area.
Administratively, Klojen District is surrounded by four other
districts in Malang. To the north, Klojen District is directly adjacent to
Lowokwaru District and Blimbing District. While in the east, the district is
directly adjacent to Kedungkandang District. While in the south, Klojen
District is bordered by District Sukun. Then, to the west, the district is
bordered by District Sukun and Kecamatan Lowokwaru (Aikabara, 2015).
 CHAPTER 3

METHODS

3.1 Type of Research

The type of research we use is correlational research. We took data from the
growth of corn seeds on both soil samples. The soil samples we use are fertile
soils for comparison and contaminated soil by garbage taken from landfills.
Results from each sample, we combine.

3.2 Time and Location

Time :

Location : Sukun Landfill, Malang

3.3 Instrument

Tools : Pot, shovel

Ingredients : Soil, corn seed

The research was conducted in February 2018 in Malang City, East Java
Province with case study method to the problem of soil pollution caused by waste.
The pollution of soil around the landfill is unusual, even the usual problem, but it
is something we want to know. We want to know the quality of the land around
the landfill, especially from the soil fertility aspect. Soil fertility around the
landfill will be compared to the soil in the potted plants with the indicator is the
growth of the corn seeds that we will plant on both soil samples.We took soil
samples from potted plants and soil from the landfill area. Both of soil samples
will be planted with corn seeds, then we will observe and compare the growth of
corn seeds in both samples. The growth of corn seeds in both of samples will be
our data to see the development of each of these corn seeds.

3.2.Research hypothesis
 Based on our research, we have hypothesized that corn grown on soil from
potted plants will flourish and on soil from landfills will not grow because the soil
is contaminated. If the corn seeds planted on the soil from the landfill can grow,
the notion is that the quality of the plant is poor.
 REFERENCE

Aikabara. 2015. Profil Kecamatan Klojen Malang. (Online),

(https://ngalam.co/2015/12/30/profil-kecamatan-klojen-malang/) accesed 15
February 2018

Department of Enviromental Conservation. 2014. What is Solid Waste.

(Online), (http://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/8732.html) accesed 15 February
2018

Dogde, Ed. 2009. Plasma gasification: Clean renewable fuel through

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(http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2015/10/09/indonesia-state-waste-
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UKessays. 2017. Improper Waste Disposal - Effects of. Online,

(https://www.ukessays.com/essays/environmental-sciences/improper-waste-
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essay.php) accesed 22 February 2018

No. VARIABEL
1. the impacts of waste problem
1. Human Health Impacts

2. Soil contamination

3. Air pollution

4. Affects our climate

2. proper solid waste management 1. Source Reduction and
Reuse

2.recovery and recycling

 3.Combustion/Incineration

4. composting

5. Plasma Glasification
3. Prevention of waste problem 1. Resource Efficience

2. Producer Responsibility
3. Prohibition of
Landfilling Combustible
and Organic Waste