Petrology Formulae For more visit: https://geologyconcepts.

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1. Lever rule
 Binary phase diagram:
𝑤𝑜 −𝑤𝑙
 % 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 = × 100
𝑤𝑠 −𝑤𝑙
𝑤𝑠 −𝑤𝑜
 % 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 = × 100
𝑤𝑠 −𝑤𝑙

 Ternary phase rule, in the fig.

X is bulk composition
At point L
𝑎
 % 𝑐𝑟𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑎+𝑏 × 100; 𝑎 = 𝐿𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑋𝐶
𝑏
 % 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 𝑎+𝑏 × 100; 𝑎 = 𝐿𝑋 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 = 𝑋𝐶
At point M,
𝑀𝑋
 % 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 = × 100
𝑀𝑁
𝑁𝑋
 % 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 = 𝑀𝑁 × 100
𝑁𝐶
 % 𝐴 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 = × 100
𝐴𝐶
𝐴𝑁
 % 𝐶 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 = × 100
𝐴𝐶

2. The Phase Rule for Metamorphism:

 F =C+2-P
where F = the variance of the system or number of degrees of freedom,

C = the number of components in the system,

and P = the number of phases (minerals) present.

the 2 stands for the two independent variables, Pressure and Temperature.
  For divariant assemblage, Area in P-T diagram, F = 2
 For univariant assemblage, Line in a P-T diagram, F = 1
 For invariant assemblage, point in a P-T diagram, F = 0

3. Thermodynamics:
 Clausius - Clapeyron Equation:

𝑑𝑃 ∆𝑆
( )=
𝑑𝑇 ∆𝑉

where ΔS = the change in Entropy of the reaction = ΣSproducts - ΣSreactants

and ΔV = the change in Volume of the reaction = ΣVproducts - ΣVreactants

𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 𝑏𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠 𝑢𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑢𝑚 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦

𝑜𝑟 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑢𝑠 𝑇𝑒𝑚𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚.

 ΔG = ΔH – TΔS

 ΔG = the change in Free Energy of the reaction = ΣGproducts - ΣGreactants

 ΔH = the change in Enthalpy of the reaction = ΣHproducts - ΣHreactants
 ΔS = the change in Entropy of the reaction = ΣSproducts - ΣSreactants

In general, ΔG, ΔH, ΔS, and ΔV are dependent of Pressure and Temperature, but
at any given T & P

 If ΔG < 0 (negative) the chemical reaction will be spontaneous and run to

the right,
 If ΔG = 0 the reactants are in equilibrium with products,
 and if ΔG > 0 (positive) the reaction will run from right to left.