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Android For The 21st Century Learning Media and Its Impact on Students

Conference Paper · October 2016

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Android For The 21st Century Learning Media and Its Impact on
1
Students 2 3
Nugroho Prasetya Adi , Rattiwizal Alpin Yulianto , Mahfuzi Irwan , Wahyu Maulana
Endris4
1
Physics Education, Graduate Program of Yogyakarta State University
2
Physics Education, Graduate Program of Yogyakarta State University
3
Non – Formal Education, Graduate Program of Yogyakarta State University
4
Biology Education, Graduate Program of Yogyakarta State University
nugrohoprasetyaadi@gmail.com

Abstract— The era of globalization is characterized by the development of

science very rapidly, particularly in the advancement of increasingly
sophisticated technology. Advances in technology can be seen from the
development of increasingly sophisticated mobile phone from generation to
generation. One type of mobile phone that is widely used by most people
this globalization era is kind of android. With a variety of features offered by
this type of smarth phone, allowing people to access the information needed.
A new breakthrough in the world of education is the use smarth phone type
of android as a medium of innovative learning for learning a subject, as well
as allowing students to access learning material anywhere and anytime
without being limited by a classroom. The development of media on android
smartphone can be used as a new breakthrough in classroom teaching and
learning process interesting and fun. The use of Android-based learning
media is one application of the learning styles of the 21th century. But a lot
of the impact of the use of android-based instructional media in teaching and
learning in class. One is addicted students to the smart phone itself. The
purpose of writing this article is to examine the use of Android as a learning
medium that supports the learning style of the 21st century, and to investigate
the impact of the use of type android phone smarth in the learning process.
Keywords: Android, Learning Media, Impact Use of Android.
I. INTRODUCTION
The era of globalization is characterized by the scientific progress very rapidly, especially in the field of
increasingly sophisticated technologies such as mobile phone progress. One type of mobile phone that is
used by most people this is an android globlalisation era. Android introduced the approach of higher and
more complete with variety of important applications that allows users to access information [14]. Android
is a software framework that includes overall mobile device and consists of an operating system,
middleware and key applications set [7]. A new breakthrough in the world of education by utilizing smart
phone is to be used as a kind of new media in teaching and learning. The results showed the use of media
types android in the learning process is able to provide a positive impact to the indicated increase in the
desire to learn new ones, and provide a major influence on students' psychological [8]. Reference [2]
explains that the use of the android system to help the learning process in schools has changed the primary
function of manufacture is used as a communication tool has turned into a means of socialization,
entertainment and learning. New features that have been developed in android devices designed to support
the teaching and learning environment that is modern. In this environment the teacher can convey the
material to be taught through personal wireless devices. This will add the computer-based teaching and
learning models. Mobile learning very quickly dispersed and allowed into one of the most efficient ways
to transmit the instruction of higher education in the future, and will be a need to examine the intent of the
design of teaching and learning [6]. Development of instructional media based android smartphone can be
used as a new breakthrough in the learning process interesting and fun class. The use of e-learning
environment based on Android to adapt to the learning styles of the students of the 21st century [3]. The
results of the study explained that the android-based mobile phone devices to support learning anywhere
and anytime without being limited by classroom. From the description above background, this paper will
discuss the use of android smartphones as a new breakthrough in the 21st century learning media education
and its impact on students. This paper is a scientific study that examines the theory - the theory of the
android smartphone use as a learning medium that helps in the process of learning and teaching.
II. METHODS
A systematic review and analysis was conducted from a data pool consisting of computerized
bibliographic databases (e.g., Wiley InterScience, SAGE, SDOL, and ERIC). The steps for
inclusion/exclusion criteria, data sources and search strategies, and data coding and analysis are discussed
below.
A. Data sources and search strategies
The studies included in this meta-analysis were located through a comprehensive search of publicly
available literature, mostly through manual electronic searches of the following databases: ERIC, Science
Direct Onsite (SDOS), SAGE Journal Online, ProQuest, Wiley Inter-Science, ACM Digital Library,
JSTOR, Elsevier Science (Elsevier)/SDOL, and informaworld. Manual searches were also conducted for
Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, Computer in Human Behavior, British Journal of Educational
Technology, Journal of Educational Technology & Society, and The International Review of Research in
Open and Distance Learning. Although search strategies varied depending on the tool used, search
terms included the keywords ―mobile learning‖ or ―M-learning‖ with ―instruct,‖ ―teach,‖ context-aware‖
―adaptive,‖ ―wireless,‖ ―situated learning,‖ or ―activities‖.
B. Data coding and analysis
Ten features related to the quality of study research methodology were coded including (a) research
purpose, (b) learner demographic (e.g., elementary, secondary, post-secondary, higher education, adult, or
disabled), (c) method (e.g., survey, experiment, etc.), (d) use of
mobile devices, (e) discipline-orientation (e.g., humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, formal
sciences, applied sciences and professional studies), (f) courses, (g) educational contexts (i.e., formal
learning, non-formal learning and informal learning), (h) learning outcome (i.e., positive, negative and
neutral), and (i) article citation counts. During data analysis, low-quality studies were excluded from the
synthesis. In the current analysis, a quantitative study was considered low quality and excluded if it did
not depict its methodological design features such as sample size and procedure. Qualitative studies were
excluded if they failed to provide a rich description such as mobile learning outcomes, or appeared to rely
more on the author’s experience rather than field observations.

III. DISCUSSION
A. Definitions of Android
Android was originally a specially designed operating system for smart phones and tablets, developed
into additional applications in televisions, game consoles, digital cameras, and other electronic devices.
Android is open has prompted the emergence of a large number of the application developer community
to use open source code as the basis for the project of making applications, by adding new features for
advanced users or operate Android on the device which was officially released by using another operating
system.
Android can master the global market share, led by products from Samsung, with a percentage of
64% in March 2013. In July 2013, there were 11 868 Android devices with various versions. Android's
success also make Android as the target of patent litigation "smart phone wars" among technology
companies. Until May 2013, there are 900 million Android devices have been activated worldwide, and
about 48 billion apps have been installed from Google Play.
B. Benefits of Android
If we talk about what the use of Android there are features that exist on Android such as:
a) Handset layout
This platform can be adapted to larger, VGA, 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on
OpenGL ES 2.0 specifications, and traditional smartphone layouts.
b) Storage
SQLite, a lightweight relational database, which can be used to store data.

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c) Connectivity
Android supports connectivity technologies including GSM / EDGE, IDEN, CDMA, EV-DO,
UMTS, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, LTE, and WiMAX NFC.
d) Message
SMS and MMS are available in the form of a message, including threaded text messaging and now
Android Cloud to Device Messaging (C2DM) is also a part of Android Push Messaging service.
e) Multiple language support
Android can support with several languages, making it more flexible..
f) Web browser
The web browser provided by Android is based on the open source WebKit layout coupled with
Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine.
g) Java Support
Java classes are compiled into Dalvik executable and run on Dalvik, the virtual machine specially
designed specifically for Android and optimized for battery-powered mobile devices with limited
memory and CPU.
h) Support media
Android supports the following audio / video / still media formats: WebM, H.263, H.264 (in 3GP or
MP4 container), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB (container 3GP), AAC, HE-AAC (in MP4 or 3GP
container), MP3, MIDI, Ogg Vorbis, FLAC, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP.
i) Streaming media support
Streaming media support in the form of RTP / RTSP streaming (3GPP PSS, Isma), progressive
download HTML (HTML5 <video> tag).
j) Additional hardware support
Android can use video / still camera, touch screen, GPS, accelerometer, gyroscope, barometer,
magnetometer, controls a special game, a proximity sensor and pressure, thermometers, accelerated
slightly blits 2D (with hardware orientation, scaling, pixel format conversion) and 3D graphics
accelerated.
k) Multi-touch
Android has native support for multi-touch which was initially available in handsets such as the
HTC Hero.
l) Bluetooth
Android supports Bluetooth A2DP, AVRCP, sending files (OPP), access the phonebook (PBAP),
voice dialing and sending contacts between phones.
m) video calls
Although Android is not able to support the original video calls, but some handsets have a
customized version of the operating system that supports both the UMTS networks (such as the
Samsung Galaxy S) or over IP.
n) multitasking
Android can do several tasks at once, or multitasking.
o) Feature-based voice
Android since its inception has been to provide Google search by voice, Voice actions for calling,
texting, navigation, etc. are supported on Android 2.2 onwards.
p) Withdrawal
Android supports the withdrawal, which allows the phone to be used as a wireless / wired Wi-Fi
hotspot.
q) screen capture
Android has native support for the ability to capture screenshots by pressing the power volume and
at the same time on Android devices.
C. Android as a Education Media
One type of mobile phone that is familiar today is android. Android introduced the approach of higher
and more complete with the availability of a variety of important applications [14]. Almost all walks of
life have to have android from both adults and children. Android is a software framework that includes
overall mobile device and consists of an operating system, middleware and key applications set [7].
Android applications provide features that are informative, and this is the feature that pamper users. If
you do a development on the features and more in this android app, then it will certainly attract more

3
attention and interest of users. The benefits are no less important when it is developed for education in
Indonesia, especially physical education. \
The development of technology has provided an advantage in education that encourages students to
learn anytime and anywhere without being limited space and time [4]. The studies conducted have
provided benefits and convenience by applying mobile technologies (such as personal digital assisstants,
smartphones, and laptops) to the learning activities in various subjects such as science, social science, and
linguistics [4] [18] [10] [19] [20] [16] [9]. Mobile phone has a wide range of features simple and
continue to evolve over time: mobile phones not only for just a communication [11]. Students and
teachers in learning to access the Internet, send and receive text messages and then check email and video
chat from the hands of students and teachers.
Reference [1] conducted a study on the use of Mobile Learning on teacher education. Six playing
findings emerged: (a) there is an increasing trend in integrating mobile learning in teacher education
Contexts; (B) theoretical and conceptual perspectives are scarcely Reported; (C) variations exist in
perceptions, attitudes and usage patterns; (D) engagement with mobile learning and devices is primarily
Reported as being beneficial; (E) the challenges were scarcely Reported; and (f) Several pedagogical
affordances integration into mobile learning support teacher education settings.
Reference [5] found that "introducing new forms of teaching (Mobile Learning) Make students spend
more time in working on that subject, Comparing to the other subject. Also overall students' results are
becoming better ". Learning that will make students saturated monotonous and lackluster in the learning
process. So, we need new innovations in learning so enthusiastic students in the course. "Meanwhile the
new technology Gives new chances to students and to teachers to train Reviews their ingenuity [15]".
Evaluation and analysis of research on mobile learning until now showed positive results. However
[15] [17] states that the technological devices used in the study should be seen as a supporter and can not
replace the existing learning tool. In addition, not all types of learning content and learning activities
appropriate for technology devices [12].
D. Meximazing Android as Education Media
These features are provided in a very supportive learning Android because it is very useful to help
students understand the subject matter. This feature also allows teachers to explain the lessons learned
through the media, so the teacher does not need to explain repeatedly. Teachers need to choose the type
of media or features that will be used in learning so that teaching and learning can be maximized. Some
factors to consider in order to use Android Master becomes more leverage in learning as a learning
medium, namely:
a. Choosing the Appropriate Application
Using android maximally necessary adjustments between the proper application used by the subject
matter to be taught.
b. The Usefulness of the Aplication
The selected applications should be obvious usefulness, so do attempts to use it optimally. If the user
does not know the usefulness of the application to be used, this will cause confusion and learning
objectives can not be achieved effectively and efficiently.
c. How to operate this Application
If we are going to use a medium the most important thing is to know how to operate the media to be
used. Can we imagine if we did not know how to operate a media that will be used in teaching, might just
be ridiculed by his teacher. A subject matter that should be more easily understood if it is delivered
through the media would be very difficult to understand the students if the teacher does not mastered how
to use the media or applications used. Therefore, we must know how to use the application to be used so
that the use of media can be efficiently and effectively.
d. Advantages and disadvantages of the Application
Advantages and disadvantages of the application used must be known for the user who will use the
application to learning so that learning is more effective and can reduce the negative impacts of the
application used.
e. Whether or not the application is easy to use
Good learning media is media that can be easily operated so that the teacher is not confusion and more
time efficient. Some applications or learning media is difficult to operate the teachers feel complicated.
It will interfere with learning and learning objectives can not be achieved easily. Therefore, a teacher
must know whether an application to use easy to operate or not.

4
 f. The effectiveness and efficiency of Application
Teachers need to choose the medium of learning to be more effective and efficient. If learning to work
effectively and efficiently, the learning objectives will be easily achieved and students can better
understand the material presented.
These factors can be a guide teachers in implementing android application as a learning medium.
Application of android apps are also expected to contribute to the achievement of learning objectives..

E. Advantages and Disadvantages

a. Advantages
1. Android is open source but free in use, all the applications made for android phones are not as
free, depending on the manufacturer.
2. Smartphone android at designated to facilitate internet access especially sosial.Jika networking
buddies just want to use the smartphone for nelpon and sms just happens to be mubassir.
3. Android smartphone is equipped with a variety of features for social networking and internet
access
b. Disadvantages
1. Many people who first once using Android will feel confused operate it. Most people think that
the sophistication of Android Smartphone cause confusion for users in pengoperasikannya.
2. On the Android OS, data synchronization and email were behind the system, thereby pulse
Android users would automatically be used. However, these events can be minimized by shutting
down internet connection.
3. Data access is not restricted and has no compression, so that they can be hurt when a user of
downloading large files.
F. Overcoming the Negative Impact of the Use of Android As Media Education
The use android as a medium of learning will bring both positive and negative impacts. The positive
impact that the presence of the teacher assisted learning media in his teaching, because through a medium
of learning students can more easily understand the material presented. The negative impact that the
difficulty teachers to monitor the use of android by students. Android provides many features, so it is
possible that students turn to other features not related to learning. This is certainly a problem for the
teacher in the classroom condition.
How to overcome the negative impact of a media that is used so as not to interfere with or impede the
learning process needs to be minimized. Teachers need to supervise children in the use of android
applications, because if not supervised children can open applications that are not good and can interfere
with learning. In addition, teachers should also continue to combine teaching, do not always use the
media or applications that remain creative teachers and students do not become dependent.

IV. CONCLUSION
The development of technology has given new innovations in education so that students can learn
anytime and anywhere without being limited space and time. Studies of the technology that has brought
benefits and convenience by applying mobile technologies (such as digital personal assisstants,
smartphones, and laptops) to the learning activities in various subjects such as science, social science, and
linguistics. The technological devices used in the study should be seen as a supporter and can not replace
the existing learning tool. In addition, not all types of learning content and learning activities appropriate
for the device technology. So that the necessary measures as the spearhead education teachers in selecting
appropriate technologies with their lessons. Developing technology in education must continue to be
made for the creation of a quality education.

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