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LAB 1: STUDY OF SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE

CONTROLLED RECTIFIER USING R-LOAD AND
RL-LOAD

Method · January 2017

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.28949.01760

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Ajay Singh
Khwopa College of Engineering, Bhaktapur, Nepal
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 #LAB 1
STUDY OF SINGLE PHASE HALF WAVE CONTROLLED RECTIFIER USING
R - LOAD AND RL - LOAD

OBJECTIVE
To familiarize with the SCR in controlled rectification with resistive (R) and inductive
(L) load.

APPRATUS REQUIRED
1. Thyristor Kit
2. Connecting Wires
3. Oscilloscope
4. Multimeter

THEORY
Single-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier using R - load
The single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier uses a single thyristor with a load and also
the output voltage and current waveform as shown in figure 1. In a positive half cycle of
source voltage ( 𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡), thyristor is forward biased and when gate current iG is
applied to the gate terminal at firing angle α then thyristor strarts to conduct. The output
voltage will appear from ωt = α to ωt = π. At ωt = π, thyristor goes turned OFF. In a negative
half cycle, ωt = π to ωt = 2π, thyristor is reverse biased and output voltage is zero during
this period. Therefore, by changing the value of firing angle (α) the output voltage can be
controlled.
The average output voltage is given by:
1 𝜋 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = ∫ 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼) (1.1)
2𝜋 𝛼 2𝜋
And rms value of output voltage is given by,

1 𝜋 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 1 1
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √ ∫ (𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin 𝜔𝑡)2 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = ((𝜋 − 𝛼) + sin 2𝛼) ⁄2 (1.2)
2𝜋 𝛼 2√𝜋 2
 Figure 1 Single Phase half wave controlled rectifier with resistive load

Single-Phase Half-Wave Controlled Rectifier using RL – load

The single-phase half-wave controlled rectifier uses a single thyristor with a RL load and
aslo the output voltage and current waveform as shown in figure 2. In a positive half cycle
of source voltage ( 𝑉𝑠 = 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡), thyristor is forward biased and when gate current iG
is applied to the gate terminal at firing angle α then thyristor starts to conduct. The output
voltage will appear from ωt = α to ωt = π. At ωt = π, thyristor goes turned OFF but current
does not decay to zero because of the energy stored in inductor. The negative voltage will
appear from ωt = π to ωt = β. The load current decays to zero at ωt = β and value of β
depends upon the ratio R/L. During ωt = β to ωt = 2π, the output voltage is zero during this
period. The angle β is called extinction angle and γ = (β – α) is called conduction angle.
The average value of output voltage is given by,
1 𝛽 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝑉𝑑𝑐 = ∫ 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 − cos 𝛽) (1.3)
2𝜋 𝛼 2𝜋

And the rms voltage is given by

1 𝛽 𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 1 1
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 = √ ∫ (𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥 sin 𝜔𝑡)2 𝑑𝜔𝑡 = {𝛽 − 𝛼 + (sin 2𝛼 − sin 2𝛽)} ⁄2 (1.4)
2𝜋 𝛼 2√𝜋 2

Figure 2 Single phase half wave controlled rectifier with resistive-inductive load
 OBSERVATION
1. Input Parameter
a. Input voltage …………..
b. Frequency .…………..
c. Cycle time period ...…………

2. Observation Table

Half wave controlled rectifier with R - load

Triggering Firing Observed Output voltage Theoretical Output Value
S.N.
Time (t) Angle (α) Avg. voltage rms voltage Avg. Voltage rms voltage
1
2
3
4
5

Half wave controlled rectifier with RL - load

Observed Output Theoretical Output Extinction
Triggering Firing voltage Value Angle (β)
S.N.
Time (t) Angle (α) Avg. rms Avg. rms Observed Calc
voltage voltage Voltage voltage
1
2
3
4
5

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