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Abstract
The emergence of security problems in Pematangsiantar becomes consideration in analyzing the social communication
program conducted by Satkowil (Regional Command Unit) of TNI AD (Indonesian National Army). The aim of this study
is to analyze the role of social communications of Satkowil TNI AD in strengthening the security of region in
Pematangsiantar. This research used qualitative methods. Primary data were collected through observation and
interview techniques. The result noted that the implementation of social communication by Satkowil of TNI AD is still
not going well. From the indicator of more intensive communication results that communication run by Satkowil of TNI
AD in Pematangsiantar is still limited to formal communication and unidirectional. As an indicator of communication
between the communicator and the communicant, some people assess the relationship of TNI AD, particularly non-
commissioned officers who supervise village (Babinsa), with the community is insufficient.
Introduction
Background
The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) established on August 17, 1945 and this
legacy need to be kept together. Indonesian people are alive today need to have awareness that in
order to establish an independent Indonesian state from the hands of the invaders required a long
and strenuous struggle, the sacrifice of body and soul. As the legacy of the founders of the nation
and the building process requires a heavy struggle, the concept of the unitary state becomes one of
the four pillars of nationality as stated by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).
Indonesia’s state doctrine instilled the idea that without the form of unitary state then
Indonesia will be more weak and easier to split. Therefore, appears a principle of “Bersatu Kita
Teguh, Bercerai Kita Runtuh” ("United We Stand, Divided We Fall"). The birth of this
understanding is based on the history of Indonesian Independence that has been plagued by the
first and second Dutch military aggression. The Dutch tried to weaken Indonesia by the
establishment of the Republic of Indonesia (RIS) on 2 November 1949. This is as a form of
Dutch recognition of Indonesia at the Round Table Conference (RTC) (Agung, 1973, p. 70).
Although on August 17, 1950 Indonesia regain its status as unitary state, the effort to maintain the
unity of Indonesia until now was not easy. Various security problems in some areas indicate the effort
or desire of a particular group to release some region from Indonesia. Examples of such groups are the
Islamic State of Indonesia (NII), the Free Aceh Movement (GAM), as well as the Free Papua
Organization (OPM) and the Republic of South Maluku (RMS), the latter two continuing their actions.
1 Postal Address: Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang, Indonesia. E-mail Address:
yusa.djuyandi@unpad.ac.id
6 | JSRP Yusa Djuyandi
The effort to maintain the integrity of NKRI is the duty and function of the Indonesian
National Army (TNI), but it also needs to be implemented together with the people. As a country
that applies the Universe Defense System (Sishanta), people also become an important element
in maintaining the integrity and resilience of the region. In order to prepare the people element
that can help the Army (TNI AD) in maintaining the resilience of the region, it is necessary to
socialize the importance of defending the country. By defending the country, the society is
actively participating in maintaining resiliency in their environment and with the realization of
the resilience of the region, the integrity of the Republic will be maintained.
The urban society increasingly becomes individualistic and tends to be indifferent toward their
social and political environments. This condition makes civil defense program to be perceived as a
foreign thing and considered unimportant. For instance, for some people the implementation of
reserve component program, which is one of the activities aiming at defending the country, is still
a polemic. The program is likely to be seen as a form of government policy in the new order era
that wants to be forced back in the reform era because some of urban communities tend to reject it.
Civil defense program is not only applicable through military service (reserve components),
but can also be implemented through a program of replanting Pancasila value and the unity of
the nation. With these programs, the community can become aware of its role in preserving the
integrity of the nation and participate actively in maintaining the regional security. To re-instill
public awareness about defending the country is not easy.
The efforts to strengthen the regional resilience by re-engaged the community as supporting
elements of the TNI has become the goal of TNI AD. Through the process of social communication,
TNI AD try to rebuild a positive interaction with the community by reiterating the importance of
defending the country to strengthen the resilience of the region. Social communication of TNI AD
has already begun in various regions in Indonesia. The social communication conducted in urban
areas is not easily realized compared to the rural community. This is considering the character of
today's urban society that is increasingly individualistic and pragmatic.
The social communication by TNI AD also happens in Pematangsiantar, North Sumatra.
Implementation of social communication by Regional Command Unit (Satkowil) of TNI AD in
Pematangsiantar is interesting because the people, who are not only heterogeneous but also
individualist and have pragmatic thinking. The emergence of various security issues in this city
has also become a consideration for analyzing the social communication program of Satkowil by
the local TNI AD. As in the preliminary study, the police chief of Pematangsiantar stated that
the security issue is more complex especially with the increasing number of immigrants.
The research on social communication of TNI AD has been done by several researchers.
Ramses L. Tobing (2011) had brought up a study about The Conception of Social
Communication Implementation for Preparing Formidable Fighting Instrument to Prevent
Terrorism in Region. Likewise Jatmoko (2012), which has examined about Optimizing the Role
of District Military Command in Communication Activities social (Komsos) for the
Development of Regional (Study In Koramil 0502-06 / Kelapa Gading), and G. Siagian (2013),
which examines the Implementation Komsos Satkowil in order to establish Early Warning
System of Social Conflict Management. Other studies related to communication of TNI AD were
carried out by Baharuddin et al. (2014), where they conducted research on Information
Communication Strategy of Military Command VI/Mulawarman to Support Increased Image of
Army in Regional Military Command VI / Mulawarman.
Although there have been some studies on social communication by the TNI AD, none of
those studies were evaluating the Social Communication of Regional Command Unit (Satkowil)
of TNI AD in strengthening the regional resilience in Pematangsiantar. Therefore, this study
intends to raise social communication by Satkowil of TNI AD in Pematangsiantar.
Research Problem
Based on the background issue above, then the researcher formulated the problem as follows:
How is Social Communication by Regional Command Unit of TNI AD strengthening the
regional resilience in Pematangsiantar?
Social Communications of Regional Command Unit of Indonesian National Army … 7 | JSRP
Research Aim
The research aims to describe and analyze the role of the social communication of Regional
Command Unit of TNI AD in strengthening the regional security in Pematangsiantar.
Research Benefit
The benefit or advantages of the research can be classified into theoretical and practical benefits.
1. Theoretical benefit: this research is expected to be useful for the development of
science, particularly political science.
2. Practical benefit: This study is expected to be a means of learning to integrate the
knowledge and ability in understanding the social communication process done by
TNI AD and its impact on strengthening the regional security.
Theoretical review
Social communication, according to Muzafer Sherif (in Santoso, 2006, p. 36), is a social unit
consisting of two or more individuals who have held quite intense and regular social interaction.
So, among those individuals it already exists a division of tasks, structure, and certain norms.
Moreover, there are other experts who argued about the definition of social communication.
According to Astrid as quoted in Bungin (2009, p. 32), social communication is one of the more
intensive forms of communication. Communication occurs directly between the communicator and
the communicant, so it is two-way communication and aims to achieve social integration. Social
communication is also a process of socialization and for the achievement of social stability, social
order, and the continuation of the old and new values which are shared by a community. The social
communication is fostered, nurtured, and expanded through public awareness.
Of those two views, social communication was carried out regularly and has a specific
purpose. This assumption is also related to why the theory of social communication appears.
Littlejohn (2009, p. 901) explains that the starting point of social communication theory is from
the assumption that the interaction of humans was patterned, carried out systematically, and the
choice of interaction over time was not random. Their choice simple as to interact is based on
the nature of individual choice.
Littlejohn (2009, p. 901) also reveals that the social communication theory raises a series of
interrelated assumptions. It says that communication behavior has a pattern, can be studied, and
it is context-bound, multimodal, and multifunction. Because social communication is related to
communication behavior, according to Grant (2001, p. 2) there are important issues to be taken
into account from this perspective, such as: language, communication, and community.
For Indonesian army (TNI AD) social communication being built to the public can be used as
a strategy to strengthen the defense and resiliency. Based on Easterbrooks, Ginsburg & Lerner
(2013, p. 101) resilience comes from interactions between people and their environments. That
means, social communication carried out by the military to the people is important with a view
to resilience. Communication or interaction that is built by the military to the people, and carried
out in the long term is a form of a campaign that it is believed that can increase the resilience of
individuals and communities in order to strengthen the country's resilience. The same was done
by the United States which equipping its forces with the basic ability to build a strong
communication links (The Joint Chiefs of Staff, 2015, p. 7).
Research method
Research Design
This study used qualitative method with interview and observation techniques. The data
collection included primary and secondary data. This research method is selected and consider
appropriate because it is relevant and compatible with the research problems proposed through
a process of interpretation and meaning.
8 | JSRP Yusa Djuyandi
Data Sources
The data sources were obtained from the primary and secondary data. The primary data were
taken from interviews and observations. Secondary data is captured through the study of
documentation and literature. This research only uses relevant data.
The informants were selected based on purposive technique, that only those who understand
this study were used as informants. The interviews conducted on a number of informants from
Commando Unit Area (Satkowil) of TNI AD and the public, such as:
a. Military Resort Command (Korem) Territorial Assistant of East Coast,
b. District Military Commander 0207/Simalungun,
c. Students of AMIK Tunas Bangsa (2 delegation),
d. Students of Simalungun University (USI) (2 delegation),
e. Chairman of FKPPI from Raya District,
f. Chairman of the Panca Marga Youth Organizations, and
g. 2 delegations from farmer group in Pematangsiantar.
the reform era, Babinsa should be able to position as a part of the people and not as the opposite.
The approach pattern of Babinsa in New Order era, which emphasizes the repressive and
supervise/spying activities, can no longer be applied.
The activity of Babinsa in the New Order era, that tends to control or spy on people have made the
TNI AD distant with people. Even the TNI AD has become a tool to retain the authorities’ power. In
the reform era, the pattern needs to be changed by putting back the correct concept of oneness of the
TNI AD and the people. It means TNI AD is part of the society. The closeness of TNI AD and the
people need to be built on the basis of kinship, so that there is a strong bond them. When the fondness
and the bond grow stronger, the communication will go smoothly without obstacles and suspicion.
Then, the effort to build the regional resilience will also be achieved.
The nature of the communication between the communicator with communicant according to
the authors is not only in the form of delivering messages and influencing the communicant, but
also how to establish good two-way interaction without putting one party above the other. The
dominance of one party in social communication process to strengthen the regional resilience,
particularly communicator, will cause communicant keeping the distance with the
communicator, which, in this case is the TNI AD personnel.
Conclusion
Social Communication by the TNI AD is a program with the aim to assist TNI AD in
strengthening the regional resilience. The implementation of social communication by TNI AD
has been done in all cities and regions in Indonesia engaging the regional command unit. From
the results of research and analysis, it was concluded that the implementation of social
communication by Regional Command Unit TNI AD in Pematangsiantar is still not going well.
As regards the intensity, the social communication run by Satkowil TNI AD in Pematangsiantar
in general is still limited to formal and one-way communication. This shows that the social
communication is not yet done intensively. With a view to the communicator and the
communicant, some people assess the relationship of TNI AD, particularly Babinsa, with the
community is still insufficient. Although there is still a drawback, the social communications by
Satkowil TNI AD in Pematangsiantar aimed to achieve social integration. With the existing
problems in the implementation of social communications, the Satkowil of TNI AD in
Social Communications of Regional Command Unit of Indonesian National Army … 11 | JSRP
Pematangsiantar needs to consider several things such as, implementing social communication
outside the formal and official forums and strengthening the relationship between the community
and TNI AD. TNI AD personnel especially Babinsa (non-commissioned officer who supervise
village) needs to get closer to the community.
References
1. Agung, I. A. (1973). Twenty Years Indonesian Foreign Policy: 1945-1965. The Hague:
Mouton and Co.
4. Easterbrooks, M.A, Ginsburg, K., & Lerner, R.M. (2013). Resilience among Military Youth.
The Future of Children, 23(2), pp. 99-120. https://doi.org/10.1353/foc.2013.0014
10. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (2015). The National Military Strategy of the United States of
America 2015. The United States Military’s Contribution to National Security, June
2015. Retrieved May 25, 2015, from
http://www.jcs.mil/Portals/36/Documents/Publications/2015_National_Military_Strategy.pdf.
11. Tobing, R.L. (2011). Konsepsi Penyelenggaraan Komsos Untuk Menyiapkan Alat
Juang yang Tangguh dalam Rangka Mencegah Terorisme di Daerah [Conception of
Komsos Implementation Komsos for Preparing the Advaced Combat Tool in Order to
Prevent Terrorism in the Region]. Retrieved May 25, 2015, from
http://www.tniad.mil.id/images/pdf/karmil-letkol-ramses.pdf.