International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 6 Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2019

RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

Measuring of Water Quality Parameters Using Internet of Things

(IOT)
Y. Yamini Priya [1], K. Padma Priya [2]
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering [1]
Professor of ECE [2]
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
University College of Engineering, JNTUK, and Kakinada
Andhra Pradesh - India

ABSTRACT
Pollution of water resources is a serious issue. The water parameters like Power of Hydrogen (pH), temperature, turbidity,
conductivity, flow rate are to be measured. This paper proposes a low cost real-time water monitoring system using Internet of
Things (IoT).At Present water is tested in two ways. One way is in laboratory and another way is using chemicals. In the
proposed method Arduino UNO board is used to which different sensors are connected to measure the water parameters. In this,
Arduino UNO is the core controller. It processes the data and the output values are viewed in an LCD display and a mobile app.
Keywords: — Arduino UNO, Internet of Things, LCD, Sensors, Turbidity, Conductivity, Flow rate.

I. INTRODUCTION
Degradation of water resources is a serious problem now-a-
days. About 90 percent of ground water is polluted due to
human activities. India and China are two countries facing
high levels of water pollution. By drinking the polluted water
there is a chance of getting diseases like cholera, typhoid,
diarrhoea etc., Due to water pollution, nearly 1.8 billion
people are accounted to death worldwide. It necessitates the
reduction of water pollution which requires measurement of
different water parameters. So a low cost real time water
monitoring system is developed with different sensors. Here,
different parameters like temperature, pH, conductivity,
turbidity, flow rate are measured. Temperature defines
whether the water is hot or cold, pH is the measure of acidity
of water, Turbidity is the measure of suspended particles in
the water, Conductivity is the ability of water to pass the
electrical current, Flow sensor is used to measure the flow rate
of a liquid. The typical parameters ranges for good quality
water are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Parameters of Water
Parameter Range
Temperature 10-20ͦc
pH 7 parameters from wastewater was implemented using
Turbidity 1-5(ntu)
Conductivity 200µs/cm-800µs/cm
Flow rate 450 pulses per litre
Here the data values are collected from the sensors and
these are given to the Arduino UNO board, this Arduino UNO
converts the analog input values in to digital output values,
processes them and the output values are displayed on an LCD
board and an android mobile phone. This IOT water quality
monitoring system has worked on data collection, data
analysis, and communication.
II. RELATED WORKS
Real-time water quality monitoring using Internet of
Things in SCADA by K.Saravanan, E.Anusuya, Raghavendra
Kumar and Le Hoang Son 2018[1] develops a new
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system
that integrates with the Internet of Things (IoT) technology for
real-time water quality monitoring. Water quality monitoring
system using Zigbee network was used to send data to a target
area by Satish and Amrutha in 2013[2]. Water temperature,
pH and dissolved oxygen level are measured and collected
using IoT –based sensors by pranata et al 2017[3]. Another
real-time, in-pipe water monitoring using electrochemical and
optical sensors was implemented to assess water
contamination in drinking water distribution systems (lambrou
et al.2014)[4]. IoT-based monitoring sensors to detect water
parameters (e.g., pH, Conductivity, dissolved oxygen and
turbidity) were proposed in Kerala state (Ramesh et al.
2017)[5]. Cloud based Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN)
scheme to monitor the pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen
ThingSpeak platform (Zakaria and Michael 2017)[6].
III. PROPOSED SYSTEM
This paper develops a real-time low cost water
monitoring system using different sensors. This system uses
four sensors for measuring the values of temperature, pH,
turbidity, conductivity and flow rate. These sensors are
interfaced with an Arduino UNO board. This Arduino board
itself consists of an inbuilt analog to digital conversion (ADC)

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 6 Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2019
circuit and by using an node micro controller unit (Node MCU) principle of Hall Effect. All the connections can be observed
the results are displayed on LCD and an mobile app (Blynk). in the pin diagram shown in figure 3.

.
Fig1: Overview of Blockdiagram
A .Block diagram
This is the proposed architecture block diagram. After
Monitoring water the values sensed by different sensors are
directly given to the core controller that is Arduino UNO, then
this controller processes the data and displays the output in an
LCD display. It uses an Node MCU unit it is an open source
IOT platform by using this, displays the output values. A relay
module is used which is an electrically operated switch, a step
down transformer is used as a power supply unit. Fig 3: pin diagram of proposed system.

IV. RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS

In this water quality monitoring system, once the
core controller is switched on, the sensors get activated and
collect data. The water temperature readings may vary
according to the increase and decrease of water temperature.
The parameters pH, temperature, turbidity, conductivity and
flow rate are monitored continuously and measured values are
displayed since the default system is set in continuous mode.
Observational Setup can be shown in figure 4.

Fig2: Proposed System Block diagram.

B. Pin diagram

In this pin diagram all connections are mainly given to the

Arduino UNO board, as it is the core controller of the system.
Temperature of the water can be measured by the LM35
sensor, the analog output value is directly proportional to the
temperature. pH value can be calculated by using Fc-28 sensor
which has a comparator in it. Based on the comparator output Fig4: Experimental setup.
pH value of water is calculated. Conductivity can be measured The output values of water parameters can be
by using two copper wires which are immersed in water. observed in an LCD display which is directly connected to the
Turbidity is measured by using DTH11 sensor. Flow rate can equipement.That can be seen in the figure 5.
be measured by using YF-S201 sensor. It mainly works on the

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 International Journal of Engineering Trends and Applications (IJETA) – Volume 6 Issue 4, Jul-Aug 2019
Fig5: output values diaplayed on an LCD.
Output values are observed in blynk app, which is a
platform with iOS and Android apps to control Arduino,
Raspberry Pi over the internet.
1. Download blynk app for Android or iOS.
2. Get the Authentication token.
3. Install blynk library.
Fig6:Output values observed in an Blynk app
ISSN: 2393-9516
V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
The proposed Water quality monitoring system monitors
water quality parameters automatically at low cost which does
not require any man power and it increases the efficiency in
water distribution and monitoring. With this, the water quality
testing is likely to be more economical, convenient and fast.
Internet of things (IOT) and its services are becoming part of
our life. This system also has good flexibility. Just by
replacing few sensors and changing relevant software
programs, this system can also be used to monitor other
parameters.
REFERENCES
[1] K. Saravana, E. Anasuya, Raghavendra Kumar, Le
Hong Son(2018),Real-time Water quality monitoring
using Internet of Things in SCADA , Environ Monit
Asses(2018).
[2] Satish.T, Amrutha.,(2013). Water quality monitoring
system using Zig Bee based wireless sensor network,
IEEE conference on automation, computing,
communication, control and compressed
sensing,(pp.281-285),IEEE.
[3] Pranata, A. A., Lee, J.M.,& Kim, D.S.,(2017).
Towards an IoT-based water quality monitoring
system with broker less pub/sub architecture. In local
and metropolitan area networks, LANMAN, IEEE
international symposium,(pp. 1-6),IEEE.
[4] Lambrou, T.P., Anastasiou, C.C., Panayiotou, C.G.,
& Polycarpou, M.M (2014). A low-cost sensor
network for real-time monitoring and contamination
detection in drinking water distribution systems.
IEEE Sensors Journal, 14(8), 2765-2772.
[5] Ramesh, Maneesha V., et al.(2017). Water quality
monitoring and waste management using IoT. Global
Humanitarian Technology conference (GHTC), (pp.
78-82), IEEE.
[6] Zakaria, Y.,& Michael, k. (2017). An integrated
cloud-based wireless sensor network for monitoring
industrial waste water discharged into water sources.
Wireless Sensor Network for monitoring industrial
waste water discharged in to water sources. Wireless
sensor network,9(8) 290-298.
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