Engineering Mechanics - is a branch of the physical

sciences that is concerned with the

state of rest or motion of bodies subjected to the action
of forces.
Fundamental Areas of Engineering Mechanics
1. Statics - is concerned with the equilibrium of a body
that is either at rest or moves with constant velocity.
- It is a study on effects of external forces on rigid bodies
2. Dynamics - study of external effects of forces in a
moving body
3. Strength of Materials – deals with relationship
between loads and their internal effects on a body
Dynamics - a branch of mechanics that deals with
body in motion

Dynamics is divided into two branches:

1. Kinematics - geometry of motion. Used to
define the motion of a particle of body without
consideration of the forces causing the motion
2. Kinetics – is the branch of mechanics that
relates the force acting on the body to its mass
and acceleration. It includes external forces to
cause a body to deflect or change in motion.
Kinds of Motion
1. Rectilinear Motion – particle moves along a
straight line
2. Curvilinear Motion – particle moves along
curved line

Rectilinear Kinematics. The kinematics of a

particle is characterized by specifying, at any
given instant, the particle’s position, velocity,
and acceleration.
Position.
 The straight-line path of a particle will be
defined using a single coordinate axis s,. The
origin O on the path is a fixed point, and from
this point the position coordinate s is used to
specify the location of the particle at any
given instant.
Position.
 Realize that position is a vector quantity since
it has both magnitude and direction. Here,
however, it is being represented by the
algebraic scalar s, rather than in boldface s,
since the direction always remains along the
coordinate axis.
Displacement.
 The displacement of the particle is defined as
the change in its position.
 For example, if the particle moves from one
point to another, the displacement is
Velocity. – is the time rate of change of
displacement
 If the particle moves through a displacement
s during the time interval t, the average
velocity of the particle during this time
interval is
Velocity.
 If we take smaller and smaller values of ∆𝑡,
the magnitude of ∆𝑠 becomes
 smaller and smaller. Consequently, the
instantaneous velocity is a vector defined as
v = lim ∆𝑠 ∆𝑡 or
∆𝑡=0
Acceleration. – the difference of velocities
divided by the elapsed time
 Provided the velocity of the particle is known
at two points, the average acceleration of the
particle during the time interval ∆𝑡 is defined
as
Acceleration.
The instantaneous acceleration at time t is a
vector that is found by taking smaller and
smaller values of ∆𝑡 and corresponding smaller
and smaller values of∆𝑣, so a = lim ∆𝑣 ∆𝑡 or
∆𝑡=0
Sample Problem
1. Initially, the car travels along a straight road
with a speed of 35 m/s. If the brakes are applied
and the speed of the car is reduced to 10 m/s in
15 s, determine the constant deceleration of
the car.
Sample Problem
1. Initially, the car travels along a straight road
with a speed of 35 m/s. If the brakes are applied
and the speed of the car is reduced to 10 m/s in
15 s, determine the constant deceleration of
the car.
Sample Problem
2Traveling with an initial speed of 70 km/h, a
car accelerates at 6000 km/h2 along a straight
road. How long will it take to reach a speed of
120 km/h? Also, through what distance does
the car travel during this time?
Sample Problem
3. A train starts from rest at station A and
accelerates at 0.5 m/s2 for 60 s. Afterwards it
travels with a constant velocity for 15 min. It
then decelerates at 1 m/s2 until it is
brought to rest at station B. Determine the
distance between the stations.
Kinematics of Rectilinear Motion Formulas

A. Uniform Motion (a =0)

𝑆 = 𝑉𝑡
S = distance or displacement travelled
V = uniform velocity
t = time interval
Kinematics of Rectilinear Motion Formulas
B. Uniform Acceleration (a =k)
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑜 + 𝑎𝑡

𝑉𝑓 2 = 𝑉𝑜 2 + 2𝑎𝑠

1 2
𝑠 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡
2
𝑉𝑓 = final velocity
𝑉𝑜 = initial velocity
t = time
a = acceleration
s = displacement
Kinematics of Rectilinear Motion Formulas
C. Free falling Body (a =g)
𝑉𝑓 = 𝑉𝑜 + 𝑔𝑡

𝑉𝑓 2 = 𝑉𝑜 2 + 2𝑔ℎ

1 2
ℎ = 𝑉𝑜 𝑡 + 𝑔𝑡
2
g = acceleration due to gravity
(+) when going down
( - ) when going up
g=
h = height
Sample Problem
4. A body moves north east 4km, then move
east 6km. Determine the displacement from
the original position.
Sample Problem
4. A body moves north east 4km, then move
east 6km. Determine the displacement from
the original position.

5. The velocity of an automobile starting from

rest is given by
𝑑𝑠 90𝑡
= , in ft/sec.
𝑑𝑡 (𝑡+10)
Determine the acceleration at 10 secs.
Sample Problem
6. A driver travelling at 50mph sees a wall at a
certain distance ahead. The driver applies the
brakes immediately (perception time is
3seconds) and begins slowing at 6m/s2 . If the
distance from the stopping point to the wall is
12m. How far was the car from the wall upon
perception?
Sample Problem
7. Two cars are travelling on the same speed of
70kph on a level ground. Car A decelerates at
the rate of 2m/s2 . Car A is 100m ahead of Car B
from instant up to the time B overtake A. How
far has B traveled?
Free Falling Bodies
In solving problems on falling bodies, a
specified direction (up or down) is assumed to
represent positive displacement. Velocity and
acceleration are positive when directed along
the positive displacement; they are negative
when pointing in the opposite direction.
Sample Problem

1. A stone is thrown vertically upward and returns

to earth in 10 sec. What was its initial velocity
and how high did it go?
2. A ball is dropped from the top of a tower 80ft
high at the same instant that a second ball is
thrown upward from the ground with an initial
velocity of 40 ft/s. When and where do they
pass, and with what relative velocity?