2013-2014

B.Sc (Hons.) PHYSICS / II Sem.

Paper — PHHT - 203
(MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS II)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75

(Write your Roll No. on the top immediately on receipt of this question paper.)
Attempt Five questions in all including Q. No. 1 which is compulsory.

1. Do any five of the following: 5 × 3 = 15

(i) Determine the order, degree and linearity of the differential equation:
4
 d3y d2y dy
 3  + 2 + y dx = 0.
 dx  dx
(ii) If y1 and y2 are the two solutions of a homogeneous differential equation:
y′′ + p(x)y′ + q(x)y = 0,
 dy 
prove that c1y1 + c2y2 is also a solution of the equation.  here; y ' = 
 dx 
(iii) Check whether the following functions are linearly independent or not :
ex, xex, e–x
(iv) Find the maximum or minimum values of the function:
f (x, y) = y2 + 4xy + 3x2 + x3.
(v) Check whether the following differential equation is exact, if so, solve it:
 x 2x  x2
 e + dx − dy = 0.
y  y2
(vi) Prove the following property of Poisson Bracket:
[uv, w] = [u, w]v + u[v, w].
(vii) Using Lagrange method of undetermined multipliers, find the maximum and minimum
distance of the point (4, 6) from x2 + y2 = 4.
2. Solve the following differential equations:
dy
(a) + xy = x 2 y 3
dx
( )
(b) D 2 + 4 y = x sin 2 x.  5,10

( )
3. (a) Solve: D 2 − 4 D + 4 y = x3 + e x + cos 2 x.

d2y dy
(b) Solve: 2
+4 + 4 y = x2 ,
dx dx
1
where y(0) = 0 and y′(0) = . 7,8
2

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 d2y
dy
4. (a) Solve: (1 + x )+ (1 + x ) + y = 2sin[log (1 + x)].
2

dx 2 dx
(b) Using the method of undetermined coefficients, solve :
d2y
= 9x2 + 2x – 1. 9,6
dx 2
5. (a) Solve the following simultaneous equations:
dy
+ y = z + ex
dx
dz
+ z = y + 2ex.
dx
(b) Using the method of variation of parameters, solve:
d2y dy
2
− − 2 y = 4 x2 .  7,8
dx dx
6. (a) Derive Euler-Lagrange for a function f (x, y, y′).
(b) Show that the path followed by a particle in vertical plane in sliding from one point to
another in the absence of friction in the shortest time is a cycloid. 7,8
7. (a) A rectangular parallelopiped has a given surface area S. Determine its maximum volume
using Lagrange Method of undetermined multiplier.
(b) If
a3 b3 c3
u= + + ,
x2 y2 z2.
where x + y + z = 1, then prove that the stationary value of u is given by :

a b c
x = ,y= ,z=
a+b+c a+b+c a+b+c
8.
(a) Define Lagrangian brackets and prove that :
(i) {qj, qk} = 0
(ii) {Pj, pk} = 0 and
(iii) {qj, pk} = d jk.
(b) A block of mass m, connected at one end of the spring (spring constant k) is executing
SHM (Fig. 1). Write the Lagrangian and hence determine the time period of oscillation.
7,8
m
K

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 2013-2014
B.Sc (Hons.) PHYSICS / III Sem.
Paper —
(MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS III)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75

(Write your Roll No. on the top immediately on receipt of this question paper.)
Attempt Five questions in all including Q. No. 1 which is compulsory.
Attempt two questions from each Section.

1. Do any five  5×3

(a) Find the polar form of complex number z = – 3 – i,
(b) Determine the principal value of (1 + i)i.
(c) Check whether the function u = 3x2y + 2x2 – y3 – 2y2 is harmonic or not.
(d) Find the value of
sin 6 z
∫ π dz
c z −
6
if C : | z | = 1.
(e) Find the residue of
sin z
f (z) =
z2
at the pole z = 0.
(f) Prove that:
n ( n + 1)
P n' ( −1) = ( − 1)
n +1
.
2
(g) Using generating function, find H2(x).
(h) Find J 1 ( x)
−
2

Section – A
–1
2. (a) Find all the values of sin 2. 7
2
(b) Verify whether the function f (z) = e z is analytic or not. 8
3. (a) If f (z) is analytic inside and on a simple closed curve C, then prove that:
1 f ( z)
f (a) =
2πi ∫ z − a dz.  7
c

(b) If t > 0, prove that:

1 ze zt  t 2  −1
∫ ( z + 1)3
2πi 
dz = 

t −
2 
e ?
c
where C : | z | = 2. 4

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 (c) Locate and name all the singularities of the function
z
f (z) = z
e −1
in the finite z-plane. 4
4. (a) Using Taylor’s Theorem, find first three non-zero terms of f (z) = sec z, about z = 0. 7
(b) Expand
z
f (z) =
( z − 1)(2 − z )
in the Laurent series valid for:
(i)  | z | < 1 (ii) | z – 1| > 1. 4,4
5. Evaluate any two using Contour Integration:
∞
dx
(a) ∫
(x )
2 2
0 +4
2π
dx
(b) ∫ 5 + 4 cos x
0
∞
x sin 2 x
(c) ∫ x2 + 9
dx.  7.5,7.5
0

Section – B
6. (a) Discuss whether each of the points +1, 0, –1 is ordinary, regular singular point or irregular
singular point of the differential equation:
2y '
x2 (1 – x2) y′′ +
+ 4y = 0. 3
x
(b) Using Frobenius method, solve the differential equation:
xy′′ + y′ – xy = 0. 12
7. (a) Using generating, function of Bessel’s function, show that:
   sin (x sin q) = 2[J1 (x) sin q + J3 (x) sin 3q + J5 (x) sin 5q + .............]
and hence prove that:
   x cos x = 2[12J1(x) –32J3(x) + 52J5(x) – .............]. 5,2
(b) Derive the following recurrence relation:
2J′n(x) = Jn – 1(x) –Jn + 1(x). 4
(c) Using generating function prove that :
∞
Jn(x + y) = ∑ J p ( x)J n − p ( y ). 4
p=−∞

8.
(a) If
∞
f (x) = ∑ an Pn ( x), −1 < x < 1,
n=0

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 then show that:
1
2n + 1
2 −∫1
an = f ( x) Pn ( x) dx.

∞
Hence, expand f (x) = x2 + 5x – 2 in series of the form ∑ an Pn ( x).  3,4
n=0

[Given : P0(x) 1, P1(x) = x, P2(x) = (3x2 – 1)/2]

(b) Prove that the orthogonality condition for Legendre’s polynomial is given by:
1
2
∫ Pm ( x)Pn ( x) dx = δ m, n .  8
−1
2n + 1
H n ( x)
9. (a) Prove that is the coefficient of tn in the expansion of e2xt – t2 in ascending pow-
n!
ers of t, 7
(b) Show that the Rodrigue’s formula for Laguerre’s polynomial is given by:
ex d n
Ln (x) =
n ! dx n
( )
xn e− x .  8

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 2013-2014
B.Sc (Hons.) PHYSICS / II Sem.
Paper —
(MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS II)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 38

(Write your Roll No. on the top immediately on receipt of this question paper.)
Attempt one question from each section. Q. No. 1 which is compulsory.

1. Attempt any five parts: 5×2

(a) Find polar representation of z = −2 3 − 2i in terms or r and q.
(b) Solve the equation:
z3 + 2 = 0.
(c) Find the residue of the function:
z3
    f (z) =
z ( z 2 + 4)
at
    z = 0 and z = 2i.
(d) Express J2(x) in terms of J0(x) and J1(x).
(e) For Hermite polynomial Hn(n) prove that:
H′n(x) = 2nHn – 1(x)
(f) Determine the region in the z-plane represented by
   4 < |z + i| < 8.
(g) Obtain all values of ln ( 3 − i ) and find its principal values.

Section – A
2. (a) Prove that:
u = e–x (x sin y – y cos y)
is harmonic and find v such the function
f (z) = u + iv is analytic. 5
(b) Show that, if f (z) is analytic in a region R and on its boundary, then ∫ f ( z ) dz = 0. 2
C

3. (a) If f (z) is analytic in the entire z-plane and z = a is

a point in the z-plane, then prove that: 5
1 f ( z)
f′ (a) = ∫

2πi ( z − a ) 2
dz.  7

(b) Find the first four terms of Taylor series of the function: 2
f (z) = ln(1 + z) around z = 0.

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 Section – B
4. Using contour integration evaluate any two of the following: 31 2 × 2
+∞
sin x
(a) ∫ x
dx
−∞

∞
dx
(b) ∫ ( x 2 + 1) ( x 2 + 4)2
0
2π
dθ
(c) ∫ 3 − 2 cos θ + sin θ
0

5. (a) What is meant by singular points of a second order differential equation. 2

(b) Solve the following differential equation by Frobenius power series method: 5
yn + w2y = 0.

Section – C
6. (a) Prove the recurrence relation: 3
x J′n(x) = n Jn(x) – x Jn + 1(x).
(b) Find the solution of: 4
1 − 2a  2
(a − p c ) 
2 2
y" + y ' + (bc x c −1 ) 2 +  y = 0.
x  x2 
7. (a) Prove that: 5
   (n + 1)Ln + 1(x) = (2n + 1 – x)nLn(x) – Ln – 1(x).
(b) Prove that: 2
Ln(0) = 1.

Section – D
8. Solve two dimensional wave equation for a circular membrane of radius ‘a’ oscillating sym-
metrically about origin, specifying the relevant boundary and initial conditions. 7
∂v
9. (a) Derive the heat conduction equation = h 2∇2 V,
∂t
where symbols, have their usual meaning. 3
(b) Consider variable 1-dimensional linear heat flow in a rod with boundary conditions:
Temperature = 0 at x = 0 and x = s for all values of time and temperature. = F (x) for
t = 0. Find the temperature of the rod at any time. 4

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 2013-2014
Delhi University
B.Sc (Hons.) PHYSICS / III Sem.
Paper —
(MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS II)

Time : 3 Hours Maximum Marks : 75

(Write your Roll No. on the top immediately on receipt of this question paper.)
Q. No. 1 which is compulsory. Attempt five questions in all.

1. Do any five : 5×3=15

(a) Prove that

mπx mπx θ m ≠ n
1 
∫−1 cos L
cos
L
dx = 
 L m = n
(b) State Dirichlet conditions for expansion of a periodic function in a Fourier series.
(c) Evaluate the value of [– 5/2], given that [1/2] = π
(d) Prove that
Jn(x) = (– 1)nJn(x)
for n = 1, 2, 3, .........
(e) Write appropriate partial differential equations applicable to the following:
(i)  Small transverse vibrations of a taut, flexible violin string
(ii)  Vibrations of the stretched circular membrane of a drum.
(f) Prove that:
   Pn(–1) = (–1)n
(g) Show that Bessel’s equation:
x2y′′ + xy′ + (x2 + n2)y = 0
is transformed into :
x2y′′ + xy′ + (l2x2 – n2)y = 0
if x is replaced by lx, where l is a constant
2. (a) Classify the following function as even, odd, or neither even nor odd and expand it in a
Fourier series:
− x − 2 < x < 0

f (x) =  Period = 4.  10
 x 0< x<2
(b) Making use of Parseval’s identity corresponding to the Fourier series of the above
functions. Show that:
1 1 1 π4
4
+ 4 + 4 + .............. =  5
1 3 5 96
3. (a) Solve Hermite’s differential equation by Frobenius method:
y′′ – 2xy′ + 2ny = 0.
given n is an integer. 12
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 (b) Discuss whether each of the points x = + 1, 0, – 1 is ordinary, regular singular points or
irregular singular point of the differential equation:
(1 – x2)y′′ + x(1 – x)y′ + (1 + x)y = 0. 3
4. (a) Obtain Rodrigue’s formula for Legendre polynomials:
n
1 d
( )
n
Pn(x) = n
x2 − 1
n! dx
Evaluate the value of P3(x) using Rodrigue’s formula. 10
(b) Expand:
f (x) = x2 + 5x – 2
in a series of the form:
∞
∑ n = 0 an Pn ( x).

[Given : P (x) = 1, P (x) = x. P (x) =

(3 x 2
) ]
−1
5
0 1 2
2
5. (a) Using generating function of Bessel’s function verify that: 6
(i)  cos(x sin q) = J0(x) + 2J2(x) cos 2q + 2J4(x) cos 4q + .........
(ii)  sin(x sin q) = 2J1(x) sin q + 2J3(x) sin 3q + 2J5(x) sin 5q + .........
(b) Establish that:
Γ ( m) Γ ( n)
b(m, n) = ; m, n > 0  5
Γ ( m + n)
(c) Evaluate:
∞
∫0 4
xe − x dx. 4

6. (a) Find Fourier series expansion of the output of a full wave rectifier. 8
(b) Show that:
2  sin x − x cos x 
J 3 ( x) =   .  7
2
πx  x
7. Find the amplitude u(r.f.t) of a vibrating circular membrane of radius ‘a’ satisfying the wave
equation:
1 ∂ 2u
∇2u − = 0.
v 2 ∂t 2
Here ‘v’ is the phase velocity of the wave fixed by elastic constants. 15

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