Code No: 07A60303 R07 Set No.

2
III B.Tech II Semester Examinations,December-January, 2011-2012
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
Mechanical Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) What are different methods to increase the efficiency of the ideal gas turbine
cycle. Explain them with the help of T-s diagrams.
(b) With the help of a schematic diagram, explain the working of ideal reheat
cycle with perfect intercooling between the two stage compression. Represent
the process on T-s diagram. [8+8]

2. What is Degree of Reaction? Show that for a Parsons Reaction turbine, the fixed
and moving blades have same shape. [16]

3. Draw the Rankine cycle on T-S diagram using dry saturated steam and obtain an
expression for Rankine cycle efficiency.
[16]

4. The following observations were noted during the trial of a Surface Condenser:
Condenser Vacuum = 71 cm of Hg
Barometer reading = 76.5 cm oh Hg
Condenser temperature = 340 C
Hot well temperature = 28.50 C
Condensate mass flow rate = 1800 kg/hr
Air leakage = 1 kg/ 1000 kg of condensate
Quantity of cooling water = 57,500 kg/hr
Inlet temperature of cooling water = 8.50 C
Outlet temperature of cooling water = 260 C
Find

(a) Vacuum efficiency,

(b) Condenser efficiency,
(c) Quality of steam entering the condenser and
(d) Mass of air per m3 of condenser volume and mass of air per kg of uncondensed
steam. [16]

5. (a) The exit velocity from a jet unit is 650m/s for an air flow of 40 kg/s through
the unit. The aircraft is flying at 250 kmph. Calculate the thrust developed,
thrust power and the propulsion efficiency. Neglect the effect of the fuel.
(b) What are the different methods of transporting the propellants from their stor-
age tanks to the rocket motors? Explain them briefly with help of schematic
diagram.
[8+8]

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Code No: 07A60303 R07 Set No. 2
6. 1.2 kg/s of steam enters a nozzle at 12 bar and 2500 C and expands up to 2 bar.
Condensation does not occur while the steam is in the nozzle. Find the throat area,
degree of under cooling, degree super saturation, exit area, actual heat drop and
isentropic heat drop. [16]

7. Duraing a boiler trial the following data was obtained,

Durration of trial = 8hrs
Pressure of steam = 14 bar
Dryness fraction = 0.973
Feed Water evaporated = 26700kg
Temperature of water at inlet = 500 C
Coal used = 4260 kg
Calorific value of coal = 28900 kJ/kg
Air used /kg of coal = 17kg
Temperature of flue gases = 3440 C
Boiler room temperature = 210 C
Cp of flue gases = 1.1kJ/Kg-K
Determine,

(a) Boiler Efficiency

(b) Equivalent of evaporation
(c) Heat lost to flue gases in kJ/kg of coal and in percentage. [16]

8. A stage of turbine with Parsons blading delivers dry saturated steam at 2.7 bar
from the fixed blades at 90 m/s. The mean blade height is 40 mm, and moving
blade exit angle is 200 . The axial velocity of steam is 3/4 of the blade velocity at the
mean radius. Steam is supplied to the stage at the rate of 9000 kg/h. The effect
of the blade tip thickness on the annulus area can be neglected. Calculate.

(a) The wheel speed in r p m.

(b) The diagram power
(c) The diagram efficiency
(d) The enthalpy drop of the steam in this stage. [16]

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Code No: 07A60303 R07 Set No. 4
III B.Tech II Semester Examinations,December-January, 2011-2012
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
Mechanical Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) Write a short note on ‘bleeding of steam turbines’ and its significance.
(b) Write about classification of steam turbines. [8+8]

2. List out differences between Impulse and Reaction turbines. [16]

3. In a gas turbine plant, air is compressed from 1 bar and 150 C through a pressure
ratio of 4:1. It is then heated in a combustion chamber and expanded back to
atmospheric pressure of 1 bar in a turbine. Calculate the cycle efficiency and the
work ratio if a perfect heat exchange is used. The isentropic efficiencies of the
turbine and compressor are 85% and 80% respectively. [16]

4. What are the different component efficiencies that are considered in Turbojet engine
for evaluating the performance? Briefly give their significance along with their for-
mulae. Also represent these component efficiencies on T-s chart while representing
the thermodynamic cycle for Turbojet. [16]

5. In a reheat steam cycle, the maximum steam temperature is limited to 5000 C. The
condenser pressure is 0.1 bar and the quality of turbine exhaust is 0.8778. Had
there been no reheat, the exhaust quality would have been 0.7592. Assumin ideal
processes, determine

(a) reheat pressure,

(b) the boiler pressure,
(c) the steam rate. The chemical formula for alcohol is C2 H6 O. Calculate the
stoichiometric air/fuel ratio by mass and the percentage composition of the
products of combustion per kg of C2 H6 O.
[16]

6. The following observations were noted during the trial of a Surface Condenser:

Condenser Vacuum = 70 cm of Hg
Barometer reading = 76.5 cm oh Hg
Condenser temperature = 350 C
Hot well temperature = 280 C
Condensate mass flow rate = 1800 kg/hr
Air leakage = 1 kg/ 1000 kg of condensate
Quantity of cooling water = 80,000 kg/hr
Rise in temperature of cooling water = 120 C

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Code No: 07A60303 R07 Set No. 4
Inlet temperature of cooling water = 150 C
Find

(a) Vacuum efficiency,

(b) Condenser efficiency,
(c) Quality of steam entering the condenser and
(d) Mass of air per m3 of condenser volume and mass of air per kg of uncondensed
steam. [16]

7. An impulse turbine is to develop 1000 kW with a steam consumption of 7.8 kg/hw-

hr. Steam being initial at 15 bar and 3000 C. If the throat diameter of each nozzle
is 1.0 cm, the exhaust pressure is 0.2 bar and 15% of the total heat drop is lost in
overcoming the friction in the diverging portion of the nozzle calculate

(a) Number of nozzles required, and

(b) the exit dia of each nozzle. [16]

8. During a boiler trial, following readings were noted

Steam pressure = 15 bar
Amount of water evaporated = 5400kg/hr
Condition of steam = 0.92
Feed water is supplied at 500 C
Determine the rate of coal consumption in kg/hr if η th = 70%
Assume Calorific Value of coal = 40000kJ/kg
Also determine the equivalent of evaporation from and at 1000 C in Kj/hr
If the Superheater is used then the temperature of steam leaving the super heater
is 2500 C .Find ηth=? Assume Cp for superheated steam as 2.27 kJ/kg-K. [16]

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Code No: 07A60303 R07 Set No. 1
III B.Tech II Semester Examinations,December-January, 2011-2012
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
Mechanical Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. (a) List out the relative merits and demerits of Jet and Surface Condensers.
(b) What is the function of a condenser in a steam power plant? clasify condensers.
[8+8]

2. (a) What is the need for Thrust Augmentation of Turbojet? Explain different
methods of thrust augmentation and their relative merits.
(b) With the help of a neat diagram explain the working of a Turbojet Engine.
[8+8]

3. Derive the expression for efficiency of Parson’s Reaction turbine. Make the neces-
sary assumptions. [16]

4. The inlet condition of steam to a convergent - divergent nozzle is 15 bar pressure and
2500 C temperature. The exit pressure is 0.4 bar .Assuming 85% nozzle efficiency
and throat area of 30 cm2 ,determine the exit area for the nozzle. [16]

5. In a steam turbine steam at 20 bar, 3600 C is expanded to 0.08 bar. It then enters
a condenser, where it is condensed to saturated liquid water. The pump feeds back
the water into the boiler. Assume ideal processes; find per kg of steam the net work
and the cycle efficiency. [16]

6. A simple gas turbine operating on Brayton cycle has air inlet temperature of 270 C,
pressure ratio of 9 and the maximum cycle temperature of 7270 C. What will be the
improvement in the cycle efficiency and the output if the turbine process is divided
into two stages each of pressure ratio 3 with intermediate reheating to 7270 C. [16]

7. In a certain boiler installation a chimney of 42.5 m height producesproduces a

natural drought equivalent of 33.25 m of hot gas column .Boiler house temperature
is 330 C. The mass of air supplied per kg of fuel is 19 kg determine,

(a) Temperature of gas leaving the chimney

(b) Temperature of flue gases and corresponding draught for maximum discharge.
[16]

8. (a) Explain the function of the blading of a reaction turbine and explain its sig-
nificance.
(b) A certain stage of a Parsons turbine consists of one row of fixed blades and
one row of moving blades. The details of the turbine are given below: The
mean diameter of the blades = 68 cm

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Code No: 07A60303 R07 Set No. 1
R P M of the turbine = 3,000
The mass of the steam passing per sec = 13.5 kg
Steam velocity at exit from fixed blades = 143.7 m/s
The blade outlet angle = 200
Calculate the power developed in the stage and gross efficiency, Assuming
carry over co-efficient as 0.74 and the efficiency of conversion of heat energy
into kinetic energy in the blade channel as 0.92. [16]

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Code No: 07A60303 R07 Set No. 3
III B.Tech II Semester Examinations,December-January, 2011-2012
THERMAL ENGINEERING-II
Mechanical Engineering
Time: 3 hours Max Marks: 80
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
?????

1. Prove that the maximum efficiency of a single stage reaction steam turbine is given
by the expression.
2 cos2 α1
ηb max = 1+cos 2 α1

Where α 1= nozzle angle.

State any assumptions you make and explain when it can be used. [16]

2. (a) What are the advantages of Gas turbines over steam turbines?
(b) With the help of a schematic, explain the working of a regenerative gas turbine
cycle and represent the processes on T-s diagram. [8+8]

3. Explain the working of a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine with Pump Pressuriza-
tion System.
[16]

4. Steam expands isentropically through a nozzle from 15 bar to 490 kPa with initial
dry-saturated state. Calculate the exit velocity, neglecting initial velocity. If 10%
heat is lost in friction, calculate the percentage reduction in velocity and improve-
ment in the final quality of the steam. [16]

5. One kg of ethane (C2 H6 ) is burned with 90% of theoretical air. Assuming complete
combustion of hydrogen in the fuel determine the volumetric analysis of the dry
products of combustion. [16]

6. A reaction turbine runs at 3000 RPM and the steam consumption is 20000 kg/hr.
The pressure of the steam at a certain stage is 2 bar, its dryness fraction is 0.93
and the power developed by the stage is 50 kW. The discharging blade angle is 200
for both the fixed and moving blades and the axial velocity of the flow is 0.72 times
the blade velocity. Find the rotor mean diameter and the blade height. Take the
tip leakage of steam as 8%. Neglect the blade thickness. [16]

7. A steam turbine discharges 5500 kg of steam per hour at 350C and a dryness
fraction of 0.9. The air leakage is estimated to be 18 kg/hr. At the suction of air
pump, temperature is 320C and the temperature of condensate is 300C. Find,

(a) The vacuum gauge reading

(b) Capacity of air pump
(c) Loss of condensate in kg/hr

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Code No: 07A60303 R07 Set No. 3
(d) The quantity of cooling water required if the rise in the temperature of cooling
water is limited to 100 C. [16]

8. A boiler generates steam at 18 bar and 3250 C feed water is supplied at 41.450 C
.The thermal efficiency of the boiler is 80% .It uses furnace oil of C.V 45500 kJ/kg.
The steam is supplied to a turbine producing 100kw power, having a specific steam
consumption of 10 kg/hr-kω.Calculate the furnace oil consumption in kg/hr and
equivalent of evaporation.
[16]

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