Whenever light (or any wave in general) goes from one medium to another, some of the energy of the

wave
is 'reflected' back through the first medium (at the same angle as the incident wave) and some of the
energy (may be) refracted (bent) through the second medium.

When light goes from a low refractive index medium to a high refractive index medium (such as air to
water), the reflection undergoes a 180 degree phase change.

Conversely, when light goes from a high refractive index medium to a low refractive index medium (such
as water to air) it DOES NOT undergo a phase change.

This is a general property of waves. See: Phase shift of 180 degrees on reflection from optically denser medium
The 'refracted' wave does not undergo a phase change either way.