Ref.

(4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A

Project:

ILETKEN SEYIM HESAPLARI

Gilgel Gibe – II PROJECT
ETHIOPIA

Description:

400 kV SWITCHYARD
DESIGN
REPORT’s & CALCULATION’s

Subject:

Report on Calculations for Determination of Sag of

Strung Conductor and Their Stringing Tension

Note:
This report gives the values of conductor sag and the corresponding tension
in the conductor for different conditions of ambient temperature and wind on
the conductor.
 Sag Tension Calculation : Strung Conductor Page: 3 of 9

Handling: Unrestricted

Contents
page

1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 4

2. System Data...................................................................................................................... 7

3. Conductor, Insulator String and Installation Data.............................................................. 8

4. Attachments ...................................................................................................................... 8

5. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 8

6. References........................................................................................................................ 9

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(4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A
 Sag Tension Calculation : Strung Conductor Page: 4 of 9

Handling: Unrestricted

1 Introduction
In overhead line design and practice the determination of Sag and Tension values of the con-
ductor strung between two supports is quite significant. The span lengths to be practiced, the
height of the supports to be used and the strength of the supports required, are all direct func-
tions of the conductor sag and tension.

The general theory of sag-tension calculation is based on the fact that if a flexible stranded wire
of uniform weight is suspended at two points which may or may not be at the same level, the
conductor sags at a point and assumes a parabolic shape known as “Catenary Curve”, the ten-
sion in the curve being proportional to it’s length at all points.

The solution of Sag –Tension problems is actually the application of a few empirical formulae of
arithmetical expressions and culminating in a cubic equation that gives the parabolic curve of the
conductor catenary. The calculation is as under : -

Tension calculation:

In the application of sag tension data it is necessary to consider two sets of loading conditions:

It is necessary at the outset to determine the loading factors for both the conditions.

i) loading conditions of wind and ice at ș1 temperature

Loading factor q1 (W w2  W c2 / m 'c where,

Ww : Wind force on the conductor per unit length

Wc : Equivalent weight of conductor with wind load per unit length

m’c : Equivalent weight of the conductor per unit length without ice loading

ii) still air conditions with no wind or ice on the conductor

Loading factor q2 = 1

Let’s consider initial tension in the conductor at ș1 temperature be T1

Conductor tension a different temperature ș2 is determined as follows –

Let į : Equivalent weight of conductor per unit length per unit cross sectional area

D : Coefficient of linear expansion of conductor in per deg. C

E : Modulus of elasticity of the conductor in force per unit area

L : Span length of the conductor between the supports

The stress in the conductor (f2) at ș2 temperature is given by the expression :

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 Sag Tension Calculation : Strung Conductor Page: 5 of 9

Handling: Unrestricted

L2 G 2 q 2 E
f 22 [ f 2  ( K  D T 2  T 1 E )]
24
where,

L2G 2 q12 E
K = f1 - and,
24

q will be the loading factor (q1 for loaded condition & q2 for unloaded condition)

Now, working stress on the conductor at ș1 temperature

f1 = T1 / Ac (area of cross-section of the conductor)

Solving the expression the value of f2 is obtained.

Thus the conductor tension at ș2 temperature is determined as –

T2 = f2 x Ac

Sag calculation:

Legends:-

L = Span length of conductor

h1 = Height of shorter tower h2 = Height of longer Tower

h = Height of diff of towers

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permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for
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(4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A
 Sag Tension Calculation : Strung Conductor Page: 6 of 9

Handling: Unrestricted

D1= Sag at center of insulator catenary below end of string

D2= Sag at center of insulator catenary below end of support

D3= Conductor sag below end of insulator string

D = Total sag insulator plus conductor

RS = Length of insulator string

SP = Arc from insulator catenary center to end of string

S = Projected conductor span from maximum sag point on higher tower side

X = Half inclined length of conductor span

X3 = Projected length of insulator string

XP1= Point of max sag from lower tower

XP2= Point of max sag from higher tower

Now,

Expression for conductor catenary

a1 = T/ Weq ; where,

T is the tension at temperature ș0

Wc is the resultant load on the conductor

Expression for insulator catenary

a2 = (T x n)/ (Wi x Ns) ; where,

Wi = Weight of string / Length of string

n = no of sub-conductors in bundle

Ns= No of strings
1 T .h
Point of maximum sag from higher tower XP 2 L 
2 W c .L

Projected conductor span from maximum sag point on higher tower side

S = (XP2 - RS) * 1.0005

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 Sag Tension Calculation : Strung Conductor Page: 7 of 9

Handling: Unrestricted

X1 = (a2 x S) / a1

Arc from insulator catenary center to end of string

§X ·
SP a2 . sinh ¨¨ 1 ¸¸
© a2 ¹
RSP = RS + SP
§ RSP ·
X2 a2 . sinh 1 ¨¨ ¸¸
© 2 ¹
a
Projected length of insulator string

X3 = X2 - X1

Half inclined length of conductor span

X = XP2 - X3

Sag at center of insulator catenary below end of string

ª X º
D1 a2 .«cosh 1  1»
¬ a2 ¼

Sag at center of insulator catenary below end of support

ª X º
D2 a2 .«cosh 2  1»
¬ a2 ¼

Conductor sag below end of insulator string

ª X º
D3 a1.«cosh  1»
¬ a1 ¼

Therefore, total sag in the conductor at ș° temperature under a conductor tension of T is

D4 = D3 + D2 - D1

For various cases sag and tension calculations has been done for 400kV switchyard. Please refer
attached sheets for results. Also refer sample calculation for Twin 954 MCM ACSR Cardinal con-
ductor in 87 m span.

2 System data
400kV AC Switchyard

Nominal System Voltage 400 kV

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permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for
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(4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A
 Sag Tension Calculation : Strung Conductor Page: 8 of 9

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System Frequency 50 Hz

Maximum Wind Pressure 700 N/m2

Altitude above sea level >1500 m

Maximum Site Temperature 500C
Daily Ambient Temperature 350C
Minimum Site Temperature -100C

3 Conductor, Insulator String & Installation Data

As per calculation sheets attachment enclosed in the report.

4 Attachments
Attachment-1: Calculation of Sag & Tension for Twin 954 MCM Cardinal ACSR Conductor with 87
Metres Span and Full Wind. (Jack Bus in Coupling Bay)

Attachment-2: Calculation of Sag & Tension for 96 Sq. mm GS Shield Wire with 87 Metres Span
and Full Wind.

Attachment-3: Calculation of Sag & Tension for Triple 954 MCM Cardinal ACSR Conductor with
35.5 Metres Span and Full Wind. (Phase ‘A’ of Transformer Feeder 4. on Tower
ET2)

Attachment-4: Calculation of Sag & Tension for Triple 954 MCM Cardinal ACSR Conductor with 40
Metres Span and Full Wind. (Phase ‘B’ of Transformer Feeder 2. on Tower ET1)

Attachment-5: Calculation of Sag & Tension for Triple 954 MCM Cardinal ACSR Conductor with 40
Metres Span and Full Wind. (Phase ‘C’ of Transformer Feeder 1. on Tower ET1)

Attachment-6: Detail Calculation of Sag & Tension for Twin 954 MCM Cardinal ACSR Conductor
with 87 Metres Span and Full Wind.

5 Conclusion
1. The maximum sag for the Jack Bus conductor at the Coupling bay is obtained as 3.542m at con-
ductor temperature of 500C. Adding the Phase – Phase clearance of 4.719 m (for Rod – Con-
ductor configuration) the distance is 4.719 + 3.542 = 8.261m. Now the total distance between
the Jack Bus conductor and Main Bus tube conductor as per Layout Section Drawing is 22 –
13.125 = 8.875m. Thus the design is OK from clearance point of view. The minimum and maxi-
mum value of conductor tension is obtained as 809.27 Kg (at 500C Still Air condition) and
1295.36 Kg (at -100C Full Wind condition) respectively. These values shall serve as input val-
ues for static initial tension in the Short Circuit force calculation on Strained Conductor. The

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permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for
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(4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A
 Sag Tension Calculation : Strung Conductor Page: 9 of 9

Handling: Unrestricted

swing of the strung conductor due to wind on conductor is given by the Sag Angle under Loaded
Condition as 52.700 .

2. The maximum sag for the shield wire of 87m span strung on the tower peaks in the switchyard is
found to be 1.537 m at 500C (site maximum temperature). The maximum tension on shield wire
is 1025.27 Kg (at -100C Full Wind condition) which shall serve as input value for structural de-
sign.

3. The maximum value of sag obtained from calculation for the conductor strung at 22m level at the
take-off gantry of the transformer feeders to the Pylon Towers EH1 & EH2 at levels 28.75m,
36.25m and 43.75m are 8.327m, 16.190m and 25.341m respectively from the taller fixing point.
Thus the effective sag of the phase conductor are calculated as: Maximum Sag – Height differ-
ence of stringing points., i.e. –

8.327 – (28.75 – 22) = 1.577m,

16.190 – (36.25 – 22) = 1.940m,

25.341 – (43.75 – 22) = 3.591m

Thus the conductor sag is sufficiently small to cause any electrical hindrance from the clearance
point of view, and the design is safe.

6 References
1. Generation, Transmission and Utilization of Power – A.T.Starr

2. Technical Data sheet for ACSR Conductor: Manufacturer – HASCELIK.

3. Technical Data sheet for Disc Insulator: Manufacturer – SEDIVER

4. 400kV Layout C.2 Switchyard - Drawing No. (0)-G77700-S0019-S001-E

5. 400kV Switchyard Sectional Views – Drawing No. (0)-G77700-S0019-S002-E

6. OHL Layout C.2. Switchyard General Plan – Drawing No. (0)- G77700-S0019-S007-F

7. 400kV Switchyard Clearance Diagram – Drawing No. (2)-G77700-S0019-L057-A

Siemens Power Engineering Pvt. Ltd. The reproduction, transmission or use of this document or its contents is not
permitted without express written authority. Offenders will be liable for
damages. All rights, including rights created by patent grant or registration
of a utility model or design, are reserved.

(4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A
S (4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A

ATTACHMENT - 1

Calculation of Sag and Tension for Twin 954 MCM CARDINAL ACSR Conductor with 87 Meters Span
and Full Wind

Output of Sag Tension Calculation

Installation Data Conductor Data

Tower Span 87.0 m Type 954 MCM CARDINAL

Height Difference 0.0 m No. of Conductors 2 Nos.
Wind Load 700.0 N/m2 Diameter 30.42 mm
2
Ice Loading 0.0 kg/m Area 547.34 mm
Minimum Temperature -10.0 °C Conductor weight 1.8298 kg/m
Final Temperature 50.0 °C Ultimate Strength 15689 kg
Daily Temperature 35.0 °C Coeff. of Linear Exp. 1.93E-05 /°C
Height of Taller Tower 22.0 m Modulus of Elasticity 6.834E+09 kg/m 2
Height of Shorter Tower 22.0 m Spacer weight 2.7 kg
Number of Spacer 14
Insulator Data Chord length of cond. 77 m
Length of Dropper 18 m
Type F 160/170 Weight of connectors 5 kg
Strength 160 kN Net weight of Dropper 70.8728 kg
No. of Discs/String 28 Nos.
No. of Strings 2 Nos. Equivalent Weight 2.553 kg/m
String Weight 200 kg conductor with all
String Length 5 m static loads

Assumed Initial Tension 1100 kgs. at 35 °C and Full Wind

(per Conductor)

Un l o a d e d L i n e L o a d e d L i n e

Temp Tension (kg) Sag Point Max. Sag Tension (kg) Sag Point (m) Max. Sag
(°C) (m) (m) (m)
-10 1005.51 43.500 2.856 1295.36 43.500 2.795
-5 983.80 43.500 2.919 1268.77 43.500 2.854
0 963.37 43.500 2.980 1243.65 43.500 2.911
5 944.10 43.500 3.041 1219.87 43.500 2.968
10 925.88 43.500 3.100 1197.32 43.500 3.023
15 908.64 43.500 3.158 1175.91 43.500 3.078
20 892.28 43.500 3.216 1155.55 43.500 3.132
25 876.74 43.500 3.272 1136.16 43.500 3.185
30 861.95 43.500 3.328 1117.66 43.500 3.238
35 847.86 43.500 3.382 1100.00 43.500 3.289
40 834.41 43.500 3.436 1083.11 43.500 3.340
45 821.56 43.500 3.490 1066.95 43.500 3.391
50 809.27 43.500 3.542 1051.45 43.500 3.440

Maximum Sag and Sag Point are measured from the Taller Tower
Sag of Loaded Line is at an angle of 52.70 Degrees to the vertical

Gilgel Gibe II Hydroelectric Project 1

S (4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A

ATTACHMENT - 2

Calculation of Sag and Tension for Single 96 sq. mm GS Shield Wire with 87 Meters Span and Full
Wind

Output of Sag Tension Calculation

Installation Data Conductor Data

Tower Span 87.0 m Type 96 mm2

Height Difference 0.0 m No. of Conductors 1 Nos.
Wind Load 700.0 N/m2 Diameter 12.7 mm
2
Ice Loading 0.0 kg/m Area 96.2 mm
Minimum Temperature -10.0 °C Conductor weight 0.799 kg/m
Final Temperature 50.0 °C Ultimate Strength 1410 Mpa.
Daily Temperature 35.0 °C Coeff. of Linear Exp. 1.10E-05 /°C
Height of Taller Tower 27.75 m Modulus of Elasticity 1.096E+10 kg/m 2
Height of Shorter Tower 27.75 m Spacer weight 0 kg
Number of Spacer 0
Insulator Data Chord length of cond. 87 m
Length of Dropper 0 m
Type F 160/170 Weight of connectors 0 kg
Strength - kN Net weight of Dropper 0 kg
No. of Discs/String - Nos.
No. of Strings 0 Nos. Equivalent Weight 0.799 kg/m
String Weight 0 kg conductor with all
String Length 0 m static loads

Assumed Initial Tension 800 kgs. at 35 °C and Full Wind

(per Conductor)

Un l o a d e d L i n e L o a d e d L i n e

Temp Tension (kg) Sag Point Max. Sag Tension (kg) Sag Point (m) Max. Sag
(°C) (m) (m) (m)
-10 854.36 43.500 0.885 1025.27 43.500 1.115
-5 820.71 43.500 0.921 995.40 43.500 1.149
0 788.77 43.500 0.959 966.81 43.500 1.183
5 758.52 43.500 0.997 939.48 43.500 1.217
10 729.97 43.500 1.036 913.37 43.500 1.252
15 703.06 43.500 1.075 888.46 43.500 1.287
20 677.75 43.500 1.116 864.71 43.500 1.322
25 653.97 43.500 1.156 842.08 43.500 1.358
30 631.66 43.500 1.197 820.52 43.500 1.394
35 610.74 43.500 1.238 800.00 43.500 1.429
40 591.13 43.500 1.279 780.46 43.500 1.465
45 572.76 43.500 1.320 761.86 43.500 1.501
50 555.53 43.500 1.361 744.15 43.500 1.537

Maximum Sag and Sag Point are measured from the Taller Tower
Sag of Loaded Line is at an angle of 56.52 Degrees to the vertical

Gilgel Gibe II Hydroelectric Project 1

S (4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A

ATTACHMENT - 3

Calculation of Sag and Tension for Triple 954 MCM CARDINAL ACSR Conductor with 35.5 Meters Span
and Full Wind
Phase 'A' of Transformer Fdr. 4 on Tower ET2

Output of Sag Tension Calculation

Installation Data Conductor Data

Tower Span 35.5 m Type 954 MCM CARDINAL

Height Difference 6.8 m No. of Conductors 3 Nos.
Wind Load 700.0 N/m2 Diameter 30.42 mm
Ice Loading 0.0 kg/m Area 547.34 mm 2
Minimum Temperature -10.0 °C Conductor weight 1.8298 kg/m
Final Temperature 50.0 °C Ultimate Strength 15689 kg
Daily Temperature 35.0 °C Coeff. of Linear Exp. 1.93E-05 /°C
Height of Taller Tower 28.75 m Modulus of Elasticity 6.834E+09 kg/m 2
Height of Shorter Tower 22.0 m Spacer weight 2.7 kg
Number of Spacer 5
Insulator Data Chord length of cond. 25.5 m
Length of Jumper 5 m
Type F 160/170 Weight of connectors 4 kg
Strength 160 kN Net weight of Jumper 31.447 kg
No. of Discs/String 28 Nos.
No. of Strings 2 Nos. Equivalent Weight 2.417 kg/m
String Weight 200 kg conductor with all
String Length 5 m static loads

Assumed Initial Tension 225 kgs. at 35 °C and Full Wind

(per Conductor)

Un l o a d e d L i n e L o a d e d L i n e

Temp Tension (kg) Sag Point Max. Sag Tension (kg) Sag Point (m) Max. Sag
(°C) (m) (m) (m)
-10 174.59 31.483 8.224 234.46 31.472 7.924
-5 173.76 31.418 8.233 233.35 31.407 7.932
0 172.95 31.353 8.241 232.26 31.343 7.940
5 172.14 31.290 8.250 231.18 31.280 7.948
10 171.35 31.227 8.258 230.11 31.217 7.956
15 170.56 31.166 8.267 229.06 31.156 7.964
20 169.79 31.105 8.276 228.03 31.095 7.972
25 169.03 31.045 8.284 227.00 31.035 7.980
30 168.27 30.986 8.293 226.00 30.976 7.988
35 167.53 30.927 8.301 225.00 30.918 7.996
40 166.80 30.870 8.310 224.02 30.861 8.004
45 166.07 30.813 8.318 223.05 30.804 8.012
50 165.36 30.757 8.327 222.09 30.748 8.020

Maximum Sag and Sag Point are measured from the Taller Tower
Sag of Loaded Line is at an angle of 53.35 Degrees to the vertical

Gilgel Gibe II Hydroelectric Project 1

S (4)-G77700-S019-L062-A

ATTACHMENT - 4

Calculation of Sag and Tension for Triple 954 MCM CARDINAL ACSR Conductor with 40 Meters Span
and Full Wind
Phase 'B' of Transformer Fdr. 2 on Tower ET1

Output of Sag Tension Calculation

Installation Data Conductor Data

Tower Span 40.0 m Type 954 MCM CARDINAL

Height Difference 14.25 m No. of Conductors 3 Nos.
Wind Load 700.0 N/m2 Diameter 30.42 mm
Ice Loading 0.0 kg/m Area 547.34 mm 2
Minimum Temperature -10.0 °C Conductor weight 1.8298 kg/m
Final Temperature 50.0 °C Ultimate Strength 15689 kg
Daily Temperature 35.0 °C Coeff. of Linear Exp. 1.93E-05 /°C
Height of Taller Tower 36.25 m Modulus of Elasticity 6.834E+09 kg/m 2
Height of Shorter Tower 22.0 m Spacer weight 2.7 kg
Number of Spacer 6
Insulator Data Chord length of cond. 30 m
Length of Jumper 5 m
Type F 160/170 Weight of connectors 4 kg
Strength 160 kN Net weight of Jumper 31.447 kg
No. of Discs/String 28 Nos.
No. of Strings 2 Nos. Equivalent Weight 2.359 kg/m
String Weight 200 kg conductor with all
String Length 5 m static loads

Assumed Initial Tension 175 kgs. at 35 °C and Full Wind

(per Conductor)

Un l o a d e d L i n e L o a d e d L i n e

Temp Tension (kg) Sag Point Max. Sag Tension (kg) Sag Point (m) Max. Sag
(°C) (m) (m) (m)
-10 131.39 39.8 16.153 178.50 39.8 15.840
-5 131.10 39.8 16.156 178.10 39.8 15.843
0 130.81 39.8 16.159 177.70 39.7 15.845
5 130.52 39.7 16.162 177.31 39.7 15.848
10 130.23 39.7 16.165 176.92 39.7 15.851
15 129.94 39.6 16.168 176.53 39.6 15.853
20 129.66 39.6 16.171 176.14 39.6 15.856
25 129.38 39.5 16.174 175.76 39.5 15.859
30 129.10 39.5 16.177 175.38 39.5 15.862
35 128.82 39.5 16.180 175.00 39.4 15.865
40 128.54 39.4 16.184 174.62 39.4 15.868
45 128.27 39.4 16.187 174.25 39.4 15.871
50 127.99 39.3 16.190 173.88 39.3 15.874

Maximum Sag and Sag Point are measured from the Taller Tower
Sag of Loaded Line is at an angle of 53.65 Degrees to the vertical

Gilgel Gibe II Hydroelectric Project 1

S (4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A

ATTACHMENT - 5

Calculation of Sag and Tension for Triple 954 MCM CARDINAL ACSR Conductor with 40 Meters Span
and Full Wind
Phase 'C' of Transformer Fdr. 1 on Tower ET1

Output of Sag Tension Calculation

Installation Data Conductor Data

Tower Span 40.0 m Type 954 MCM CARDINAL

Height Difference 21.75 m No. of Conductors 3 Nos.
Wind Load 700.0 N/m2 Diameter 30.42 mm
Ice Loading 0.0 kg/m Area 547.34 mm 2
Minimum Temperature -10.0 °C Conductor weight 1.8298 kg/m
Final Temperature 50.0 °C Ultimate Strength 15689 kg
Daily Temperature 35.0 °C Coeff. of Linear Exp. 1.93E-05 /°C
Height of Taller Tower 43.75 m Modulus of Elasticity 6.834E+09 kg/m 2
Height of Shorter Tower 22.0 m Spacer weight 2.7 kg
Number of Spacer 7
Insulator Data Chord length of cond. 30 m
Length of Jumper 5 m
Type F 160/170 Weight of connectors 4 kg
Strength 160 kN Net weight of Jumper 31.447 kg
No. of Discs/String 28 Nos.
No. of Strings 2 Nos. Equivalent Weight 2.389 kg/m
String Weight 200 kg conductor with all
String Length 5 m static loads

Assumed Initial Tension 115 kgs. at 35 °C and Full Wind

(per Conductor)

Un l o a d e d L i n e L o a d e d L i n e

Temp Tension (kg) Sag Point Max. Sag Tension (kg) Sag Point (m) Max. Sag
(°C) (m) (m) (m)
-10 85.84 39.5 25.308 115.96 39.5 24.985
-5 85.76 39.5 25.311 115.85 39.5 24.988
0 85.68 39.5 25.313 115.75 39.5 24.990
5 85.60 39.5 25.316 115.64 39.5 24.993
10 85.52 39.5 25.319 115.53 39.5 24.996
15 85.44 39.4 25.322 115.42 39.4 24.998
20 85.36 39.4 25.325 115.32 39.4 25.001
25 85.28 39.4 25.327 115.21 39.4 25.004
30 85.20 39.4 25.330 115.11 39.4 25.007
35 85.12 39.4 25.333 115.00 39.4 25.009
40 85.05 39.4 25.336 114.89 39.4 25.012
45 84.97 39.3 25.339 114.79 39.3 25.015
50 84.89 39.3 25.341 114.68 39.3 25.018

Maximum Sag and Sag Point are measured from the Taller Tower
Sag of Loaded Line is at an angle of 53.49 Degrees to the vertical

Gilgel Gibe II Hydroelectric Project 1

S (4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A

ATTACHMENT - 6

Calculation of Sag and Tension for Twin 954 MCM CARDINAL ACSR Conductor with 87 Meters Span and Full Wind

Detail Calculation
A
Site Data

Tower Span L 87 m
Height Difference h 0m
2
Wind Pressure Pw 71.36 kg/m
Ice Loading W ice 0 kg/m
Final Temperature T2 50 °C
Initial Temperature T1 35 °C
Height of Taller Tower h2 22 m
Height of Shorter Tower h1 22 m

Conductor Data

Type 954 MCM CARDINAL

No. of Conductors n 2 Nos.
2
Diameter Dc 0.03042 m
2
Area Ac 0.00054734 m
Equivalent Weight of conductor m's 2.553 kg/m
Ultimate Strength 15689 kg
Coefficient of Linear Expansion D 0.0000193 /°C
Modulus of Elasticity E 6834000000 kg/m2

Assumed Initial Tension 1100 kg

(Per Sub-Conductor)

Insulator Data

Type 280X170
Strength 160 kg
Insulator/String 27.63157895 No.
No. of Strings Ns 2 No.
String Weight Ws 199.6052632 kg
String Length RS 5m
B
1 Wind Force on the per unit length of Conductor
W w = Dc x Pw = 2.171 kg/m

2 Resultant Force on Conductor (due to weight & wind load)

W2 (ms' ) 2  (Ww ) 2 = 3.351 kg/m

3 Loading factor for wind and ice

q1 = (m's )2  (Ww)2 / m's = 1.31

Loading factor in still air q2 = 1.00

4 Equivalent Weight of the conductor per unit length per unit area of cross-section

G= m's / Ac = 4664.377 kg/m/m2

C Tension under Unloaded Condition (At 50 °C)

1 Tension in the conductor at a particular temperature = Stress in the conductor at that temperature
x Area of cross-section of the conductor

2 Stress in the conductor (f2) at temperature T2 can be determined from the expression :

Gilgel Gibe II Hydroelectric Project 1

S (4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A

ATTACHMENT - 6

Calculation of Sag and Tension for Twin 954 MCM CARDINAL ACSR Conductor with 87 Meters Span and Full Wind

f2 [ f2 -{ K - D(T2 - T1) E} = L G q2 E / 24
2 2 2 2
…………..(1)

K = f1 - L2 G2 q1 E / 24 f1
2 2
3 Where, …………..(2)

Let, G = L2 G2 q1 E / 24
2
4 = 8.08E+19

Now, working stress on conductor at temperature T1

5 f1 = T1 / Ac = 2009719.74 kg/m2

6 => K = ( f13 - G) / f12 = -17992452.12

7 The expression as per eqn. ..(1) is re-organised as :

f23 - f22 { K - D(T2 - T1) E} = L2 G2 q22 E / 24 …………..(3)
Now,
K - D(T2 - T1) E = -19970895.12
L2 G2 q22 E / 24 = 4.69E+19

 ! Solving Equation ..(3) f2 = 1478552.30 kg/m2

Therefore, the Tension (T) for Unloaded Line at 50°C is

8 T= (f2 x Ac) = 809.27 kg

D Tension under Loaded Condition (At 50 °C)

1 Stress in the conductor (f2) at temperature T2 can be determined from the expression :

f22 [ f2 -{ K - D(T2 - T1) E} = L G q12 E / 24

2 2
…………..(4)

K = f1 - L2 G2 q1 E / 24 f1
2 2
2 Where, …………..(2)

Let, G = L2 G2 q1 E / 24
2
3 = 8.08E+19

Now, working stress on conductor at temperature T1

4 f1 = T1 / Ac = 2009719.74 kg/m2

3 2
5 => K = ( f1 - G) / f1 = -17992452.12

6 The expression as per eqn. ..(1) is re-organised as :

f23 - f22 { K - D(T2 - T1) E} = L G q12 E / 24
2 2
…………..(5)
Now,
K - D(T2 - T1) E = -19970895.12
L2 G2 q12 E / 24 = 8.08E+19

 ! Solving Equation ..(3) f2 = 1921021.31 kg/m2

7 Therefore, the Tension (T) for Unloaded Line at 50°C is (f1 x Ac)
T= (f2 x Ac) = 1051.45 kg

E Sag under Unloaded Condition (At 50 °C)

1 For Conductor Catenary,a1 = T/m's = 316.99 m

where, T= 809.27kg

2 For Insulator Catenary, a2 = (T1 x n)/(W i x Ns) = 20.27 m

W i = Weight of string / Length of string

Gilgel Gibe II Hydroelectric Project 2

S (4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A

ATTACHMENT - 6

Calculation of Sag and Tension for Twin 954 MCM CARDINAL ACSR Conductor with 87 Meters Span and Full Wind

3 Point of Maximum Sag from higher tower

1 T .h
XP2 L ' = 43.50 m
2 m s .L

4 Projected conductor span from maximum sag point on higher tower side
S = (XP2 - RS) * 1.0005 = 38.52 m

5 X1 = (a2 x S) / a1 = 2.46 m

6 Arc from insulator catenary center to end of string

SP = a2 sinh (X1/a2) = 2.47 m

7 RSP = RS + SP = 7.47 m
§ RSP ·
8 X2 a2 . sinh 1
¨¨ ¸¸ = 7.31 m
© a2 ¹
9 Projected length of the insulator string
X3 = X2 - X1 = 4.85 m

10 Half inclined length of the conductor span

X = XP2 - X3 = 38.65 m

11 Sag at center of insulator catenary below end of string

ª X º
D1 a2 .«cosh 1  1» = 0.15 m
¬ a 2 ¼
12 Sag at center of insulator catenary below end of support
ª X º
D2 a2 .«cosh 2  1» = 1.33 m
¬ a 2 ¼
13 Conductor sag below end of insulator string
ª X º
D3 a1.«cosh  1» = 2.360 m
¬ a1 ¼
14 Total sag of insulator plus conductor
D 4 = D 3 + D 2 - D1 = 3.542 m

F Sag under Loaded Condition (At 50 °C)

1 For conductor catenary, a1 = T/W 2 = 313.77 m

where, T= 1051.45kg

2 For Insulator Catenary, a2 = (T1 x N)/(W i x Ns) = 26.34 m

W i = Weight of string / Length of string

3 Point of Maximum Sag from higher tower

1 T .h
XP 2 L  = 43.50 m
2 W 2 .L
4 Projected conductor span from maximum sag point on higher tower side
S = (XP2 - RS) * 1.0005 = 38.52 m

5 X1 = (a2 x S) / a1 = 3.23 m

6 Arc from insulator catenary center to end of string

SP = a2 sinh (X1/a2) = 3.24 m

7 RSP = RS + SP = 8.24 m
§ RSP ·
8 X2 a2 . sinh 1 ¨¨ ¸¸ = 8.11 m
© a2 ¹

Gilgel Gibe II Hydroelectric Project 3

S (4)-G77700-S0019-L062-A

ATTACHMENT - 6

Calculation of Sag and Tension for Twin 954 MCM CARDINAL ACSR Conductor with 87 Meters Span and Full Wind

9 Projected length of the insulator string

X3 = X2 - X1 = 4.88 m

10 Half inclined length of the conductor span

X = XP2 - X3 = 38.62 m

11 Sag at center of insulator catenary below end of string

ª X º = 0.199 m
D1 a2 .«cosh 1  1»
¬ a2 ¼

12 Sag at center of insulator catenary below end of support

ª X º
D2 a2 .«cosh 2  1» = 1.259 m
¬ a2 ¼

13 Conductor sag below end of insulator string

ª X º
D3 a1 .«cosh  1» = 2.380 m
¬ a1 ¼

14 Total sag of insulator plus conductor

D 4 = D 3 + D 2 - D1 = 3.440 m
G Sag Angle under Loaded Condition (At 50 °C)

Sag angle at full wind from vertical

-1
H tan (W 2 / m's) = 52.70 deg

Summary of Results :

Temperature = 50 °C
Tension of Unloaded Line = 809.27 kg
Sag of Unloaded Line = 3.542 m
Tension of Loaded Line = 1051.45 kg
Sag of Loaded Line = 3.440 m

Gilgel Gibe II Hydroelectric Project 4