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By
SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI
B.Sc (Silver Medalist)
M.Sc (Applied Physics)
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WHAT WE WILL STUDY?
• BIOGRAPHIES
• EXPANSION
REIGN KINGS
240s–280 Sri-Gupta
319–335 Chandragupta I
335-380 Samudragupta
380–415 Chandragupta II
540–550 Vishnu Gupta
GUPTA(240-590 AD)
• The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire, existing from
approximately 240 to 590 CE. This period is called the Golden Age of
India.
• The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by Sri Gupta; the most
notable rulers of the dynasty were Chandragupta I, Samudragupta,
and Chandragupta II.
• The 5th-century CE Sanskrit poet Kalidasa credits the Guptas with having
conquered about twenty-one kingdoms, both in and outside India.
• The most likely time for the reign of Sri Gupta is c. 240–280. The
Murundas, who were feudal lords of Kushans, provided or granted land to
Sri Gupta. He can be considered the first person of Gupta's empire, but
not the founder of the empire.
• It is more likely that the marriage helped Chandragupta extend his political
power and dominions, enabling him to adopt the title Maharajadhiraja.
By
SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI
B.Sc (Silver Medalist)
M.Sc (Applied Physics)
Facebook: sid_Econnect
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SAMUDRAGUPTA(335-380)
• According to one theory, these three kings were vassal rulers who
rebelled against Samudragupta after the death of his father.
Samudragupta crushed the rebellion, and reinstated them after they
sought his forgiveness.
• Later, these rulers rebelled once more, and Samudragupta defeated them
again.Samudragupta dispatched an army to capture the scion of the
Kota family, whose identity is uncertain. The Kotas may have been
the rulers of present-day Punjab.
SOUTHERN CONQUEST
1 - Mahendra of Kosala
2 - Vyaghra-raja of Mahakantara
3 - Mantaraja of Kurala
4 - Mahendragiri of Pishtapura
5 - Svamidatta of Kottura
6 - Damana of Erandapalla
7 - Vishnugopa of Kanchi
8 - Nilaraja of Avamukta
9 - Hastivarman of Vengi
10 - Ugrasena of Palakka
11 - Kubera of Devarashtra
12 - Dhananjaya of Kusthalapura
NORTHERN CONQUESTS
1 – Rudradeva
2 - Matila
3 - Nagadatta
4 - Chandravarman
5 - Ganapatinaga
6 - Nagasena
7 - Achyuta-nandin
8 - Balavarman
RELIGION
• Pataliputra continued to be the capital of his huge empire but Ujjain too
became a sort of second capital. The large number of beautiful gold coins
issued by the Gupta dynasty are a testament to the grandeur of that age.
1 - Kalidasa
2 - Amarasimha
3 – Dhanvantari
4 – Ghatakarapara
5 – Kshapanaka
6 – Shanku
7 - Varahamihira
8 – Vararuchi
9 - Vetala Bhatta.
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GUPTA EMPIRE(BIOGRAPHIES)
By
SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI
B.Sc (Silver Medalist)
M.Sc (Applied Physics)
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KUMARAGUPTA(414-455)
• He was an able ruler and retained, intact, the vast empire, which extended
from Bengal to Kathiawar and from the Himalayas to the Narmada.
• It appears that these wars adversely affected the economy of the empire,
and the debased gold coinage of Skandagupta bears testimony to these.
Moreover, he appears to have been the last Gupta ruler to mint silver
coins in western India.
• The Sudarsana lake (originally built during the Maurya times) burst
due to excessive rains and in the early part of his rule his governor
Parnadatta and his son Chakrapalita got it repaired. The last known
date of Skandagupta is 467 A.D. from his silver coins.
LAST DAYS OF GUPTA EMPIRE
• The Guptas continued to rule till about 550 A.D., but by then their
power had already become very insignificant.
FALL OF GUPTA EMPIRE
• In the 480's the Alchon Huns under Toramana and Mihirakula broke
through the Gupta defenses in the northwest, and much of the empire in
the northwest was overrun by the Huns by 500.
• Soon after the invasions, the Gupta Empire, already weakened by these
invasions and the rise of local rulers such as Yashodharman, ended as
well. Following the invasions, northern India was left in disarray, with
numerous smaller Indian powers emerging after the crumbling of the
Guptas.
• The Huna invasions are said to have seriously damaged India's trade with
Europe and Central Asia. In particular, Indo-Roman trade relations, which
the Gupta Empire had greatly benefited from.
FALL OF GUPTA EMPIRE
• The Huna invasion probably disrupted these trade relations and the tax
revenues that came with them.Great centres of learning were destroyed,
such as the city of Taxila, bringing cultural regression.
• Religious functionaries were granted land, free of tax, forever, and they
were authorised to collect from the peasants all the taxes which could
have otherwise gone to the emperor.
• Religious grants were of two types: Agrahara grants were meant for the
Brahmanas which meant to be perpetual, hereditary and tax-free,
accompanied with the assignment of all land revenue.
• The Imperial Guptas couldn't have achieved their successes through force
of arms without an efficient martial system.
• The Guptas seem to have relied heavily on infantry archers, and the bow
was one of the dominant weapons of their army. The Indian version of the
longbow was composed of metal, or more typically bamboo, and fired a
long bamboo cane arrow with a metal head.
By
SIDDHANT AGNIHOTRI
B.Sc (Silver Medalist)
M.Sc (Applied Physics)
Facebook: sid_Econnect
•
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ART AND ARCHITECTURE
• The period saw the emergence of the iconic carved stone deity in Hindu
art, as well as the Buddha figure and Jain tirthankara figures, the latter
often on a very large scale.
• The two great centres of sculpture were Mathura and Gandhara, the latter
the centre of Greco-Buddhist art. Both exported sculpture to other parts of
northern India.
• The images of Siva, Vishnu and other Brahmanical gods are sculptured in
some of the finest panels of the Deogarh temple (Jhansi district).
1. The Puranas had existed much before the time of the Guptas in the
form of bardic literature; in the Gupta age they were finally compiled
and given their present form.
2. The period also saw the compilation of various Smritis or the law-
books written in verse. The Smritis of Yajnavalkya, Narada,
Katyayana and Brihaspati were written during this period.
3. The two great epics namely the Ramayana and the Mahabharata were
almost completed by the 4th century A.D.
LITERATURE
• He believed that the earth was sphere and rotated on its axis, and that the
shadow of the earth falling on the moon caused eclipses. He is also the
author of Aryabhattiyam, which deals with algebra, arithmetics and
geometry.
• Varahamihira, who lived towards the end of the fifth century wrote
several treatises on astronomy and horoscopy. His
Panchasiddhantika deals with five schools of astronomy, two of
these reflect a close knowledge of Greek astonomy.
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