GUIDED BY ; SUBMITTED BY ;

MISS : RESHMI MADHAVAN IZHAR ALI K

LECTURER IN CIVIL ENGINEERING Cs5 B
` Earthquake is shaking of the surface of earth.
earth
` Sudden release of energy.
` S i i activities.
Seismic i ii
` Earthquake forces random in nature and unpredictable.
` Different shaking intensities at different locations.
` Seismic analysis.
` P waves
waves.
` S waves.
` A i i
Anticipated
d earthquakes
h k parameters at the
h site.
i
` Geotechnical parameter of the site.
` Building structure parameters.
` Surface faulting
faulting, tsunamis,
tsunamis soil liquefaction,
liquefaction ground
resonance, landslide, and ground failure.
` Eith provoked
Either k d by
b the
th groundd shaking.
h ki
` Primary effects.
` S
Secondary
d effects.
ff
` Tertiary effects.
` 54% of the land is vulnerable to earthquakes.
earthquakes
` 200 million city dwellers in India will be exposed to
storm
t andd earthquakes
th k by b 2050.
2050
` Seismic zoning map of India given in the design code
[IS 1893-2002].
1893 2002]
` The earthquake zoning map India divides into 4.
` On the basis of external action.
action
` The behavior of structure or structural materials.
` T
Type off structurall model
d l selected.
l d
` Linear static analysis
` Nonlinear static analysis.
` Linear dynamic analysis
` Nonlinear dynamic analysis.
` The loading and response history are evaluated at successive time
increment, ∆t – steps.
` The most effective method for the solution of non linear response.
p
` A full time history will give the response of a structure over time
during.
` Time history analysis allows a complete analysis of various
components.
` An accelerogram of a certain earthquake considered to be a typical
seismic action.
` A complete accelerogram contains the record of the acceleration for
3 directions.
` Structure dynamic performance can be obtained
` Natural period and equivalent total gravity load of
structure.
t t
` Time history analysis can be calculated by modal
analysis.
l i
` Equation for modal analysis.

Where, p(t) = -mi

` Define the ground acceleration numerically at every
time.
` D fi th
Define the structural
t t l propertiesti
` Determine the natural properties and natural modes of
vibration.
ib ti
` Determine the modal components Sn of the effective
earthquake
th k force
f di
distribution.
t ib ti
` Combine the modal contributions to determine the total
response off the
h building.
b ildi
` It is the displacements between 2 consecutive stories
divided by the height of that storey.
` Th absolute
The b l t valuel off displacement
di l t off the
th storey
t
` Storey drift is designed for partition or curtain walls.
` S
Structural l glazing
l i or brick
b i k walls
ll on externall surfaces,
f
this could prove catastrophic.
` Estimation of the maximum expected lateral force.
force
` Calculation is depend on soil condition.
` The
Th totall design
d i forces
f or design
d i seismic
i i base
b shear
h Vb
is computed in accordanace with the IS code 1893-
2002
Vb = Ah x w
Where ; Ah = Z x I x Sa
2xRxg
WHERE ;

• Z – zone factor

• I – importance factor

• R – response reduction factor

• Sa /g – based on the type of soil

` Software SAP2000
` Live load on typical floors - 3.5 kN/m²
` Live load on terrace - 2 kN/m²
` Column size- 0.5mX0.5m
` Beam size - 0.23mX0.45m
` Slab thickness - 0.150m
` Brick wall thickness - 0.230m
` Density of concrete - 25 kN/m
kN/m²
` Density of brick wall - 20 kN/m²
` Modulus of elasticity for concrete - 25 kN/m²
` Modulus of elasticity for brick wall – 10.5 kN/m²
 MAGNITUD
SL NO EQ DATE E P.G.A.g
RICHER
SCALE
1 Bhuj,
j India 26-01-2001 6.9 0.110
2 Koyana, India 11-12-1964 6.5 0.489
3 Anza, USA 25-02-1980 4.7 0.110
4 Nahanni, Canada 23-12-1985 6.9 0.489
5 Northridge, USA 17-01-1994 6.7 0.489
SL NO INTENSITY MMI P.G.A.g SEISMIC ZONES AS
PER IS:1893-2000
IS:1893 2000

1 V 0.03-0.04 -
2 VI 0.06-0.07 2
3 VII 0.10-0.15 3
4 VIII 0 25 0 30
0.25-0.30 4
5 IX 0.50-0.55 5
6 X >0.60 -
 BASE SHEAR (kN)
SL NO INTENSIT
Y MMI BHUJI KOYANA ANZA NAHANNI NORTHRID
GE
1 V 40.268 56.87 96.479 145.774 106.544
2 VI 74.786 105.615 179.153 270.746 197.897
3 VII 143.80 203.112 344.554 520.643 380.542
4 VIII 316 37
316.37 446 84
446.84 757 985
757.985 1145 45
1145.45 837 214
837.214
5 IX 603.975 853.056 1447.07 2186.74 1598.34
6 X 690.247 974.926 1653.8 2499.11 1826.66
 BASE SHEAR (kN)
SL NO INTENSIT
Y MMI BHUJI KOYANA ANZA NAHANNI NORTHRID
GE
1 V 47.932 54.299 124.994 71.536 79.959
2 VI 89.028 100.874 232.111 132.834 148.504

3 VII 171 182

171.182 139 969
139.969 446 395
446.395 255 429
255.429 285 609
285.609
4 VIII 376.609 426.722 982.029 561.973 628.304
5 IX 718.996 817.659 1874.78 1072.83 1199.49
6 X 821.7 931.041 2142.61 1226.1 1370.82
 DISPLACEMENT(mm)
SL NO INTENSIT
Y MMI BHUJI KOYANA ANZA NAHANNI NORTHRID
GE
1 V 0 027
0.027 0 031
0.031 0 044
0.044 0 052
0.052 0 05
0.05
2 VI 0.05 0.058 0.082 0.097 0.093
3 VII 0.097 0.111 0.159 0.186 0.18
4 VIII 0.213 0.245 0.349 0.41 0.395
5 IX 0.407 0.467 0.666 0.782 0.755
6 X 0.465 0.534 0.762 0.894 0.863
 DISPLACEMENT(mm)
SL NO INTENSIT
Y MMI BHUJI KOYANA ANZA NAHANNI NORTHRID
GE
1 V 0.056 0.073 0.162 0.1 0.076
2 VI 0.104 0.135 0.3 0.186 0.141
3 VII 0 201
0.201 0 259
0.259 0 578
0.578 0 357
0.357 0 272
0.272
4 VIII 0.442 0.57 1.271 0.786 0.598
5 IX 0.843 1.088 2.426 1.5 1.141
6 X 0.963 1.244 2.772 1.715 1.304
` The same structure and load types are available in the
case linear statics.
` It iis ddefined
fi d ffor arbitrary
bit static
t ti load
l d case with
ith the
th
expectation of the moving load case.
` It allows
ll adopting
d ti initial
i iti l displacement
di l t from
f a selected
l t d
load case.
` It can bbe solved
l d onlyl the
th modald l decomposition
d iti method.
th d
` Only one time function may be used to determine time
i bili off a given
variability i l d case.
load
` The seismic response namely base shear,
shear storey drift,
drift
displacement.
` Th time
The ti history
hi t is
i realistic
li ti method
th d usedd for
f seimic
i i
analysis.
` Ti history
Time hi t analysis
l i isi the
th step
t by
b step
t procedure
d
where the loading and response history are evaluated at
successive time increments.
increments