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Executive Summary

Databases have become very important in past decades. The increases for the need of

databases has cause for the introduction of data warehouses which have helped organizations

in enhancing efficiently of managing organization. Relational databases and data warehouses

differ in their optimization. A relational database optimized for online transactions or OLTP

database records transactions in real time. It aims to automate clerical data entry processes of

a business entity. Furthermore, modification and deletion of data in the OLTP database are

essential and the semantics of the application used in the front-end impact on the organization

of the data in the database. The data warehouse does not cater to real time operational

requirements of the enterprise. The data warehouse is a storehouse of current and historical

data. It may also contain data extracted from external data sources. The main differences

between the structure of a relational database optimized for online transactions versus a data

warehouse optimized for processing and summarizing large amounts of data are the OLTP

being designed for real time business operations (Ravindranath, 2003). It is optimized for a

common setoff transactions, usually adding or retrieving a single row at a time per table. It is

optimized for validation of incoming data during transactions and uses validation data tables.

It supports thousands of concurrent users. Far as data warehouse goes, it is designed for

analysis of business measures by categories and attributes. It is optimized for mass loads and

large, complex, unpredictable queries that access many rows per table. The data warehouse is

filled with consistent, valid data. It requires no real time validation and only supports few

concurrent users relative to OLTP (Mladenic, 2003).

There is a difference between operational data and decision support data. Operational

data represent transactions as they happen in real time. Decision support data are a snapshot

of the operational data at a given point in time. Therefore, decision support data are historic,
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representing a time slice of the operational data. Operational and decision support data are

different in terms of transaction type and transaction volume. Whereas operational data are

characterized by update transactions, decision support data are mainly characterized by query

(read-only) transactions. Decision support data also require periodic updates to load new data

that are summarized from the operational data. Finally, the concurrent transaction volume in

operational data tends to be very high when compared with the low-to-medium levels found

in decision support data. Operational data are commonly stored in many tables, and the

stored data represent the information about a given transaction only. Decision support data

are generally stored in a few tables that store data derived from the operational data. The

decision support data do not include the details of each operational transaction. Instead,

decision support data represent transaction summaries; therefore, the decision support

database stores data that are integrated, aggregated, and summarized for decision support

purposes. The data models that govern operational data and decision support data are

different. The operational database’s frequent and rapid data updates make data anomalies a

potentially devastating problem (Ravindranath, 2003). Therefore, the data requirements in a

typical relational transaction (operational) system generally require normalized structures

that yield many tables, each of which contains the minimum number of attributes. In contrast,

the decision support database is not subject to such transaction updates, and the focus is on

querying capability. Therefore, decision support databases tend to be non-normalized and

include few tables, each of which contains many attributes.

This paper presents a new approach for advanced local energy planning based on a

Business Inelegance and data warehousing applying the SAP tool. The approach is co-

operative in two senses: first the actors co-operate during the planning process and secondly,

energy models with different scopes and objectives co-operate to reflect the different
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positions and views of the actors in the accompanying scientific analysis. The Business

Interline (BI) has been implemented with the decision support software SAP (System).

INTRODUCTION (Business intelligence)

BI applications may incorporate an assortment of segments, for example, forbidden reports,

spreadsheets, graphs, and dashboards. Very much outlined BI applications provide anybody

to take better decision by understanding their distinct resources in our association and how

they relate to each other. These advantages can help client databases, inventory network data,

faculty data, fabricating, information of item, deals and movement of promotion, and in

addition many other types of data basic to our operation. The term Business Intelligence

alludes to advances, applications and practices for the accumulation, incorporation,

examination, and introduction of business data. The reason for Business Intelligence is to

help better decision making. Basically, Business Intelligence systems are information driven

Decision Support Systems (DSS). Business Intelligence is infrequently utilized conversely

with preparation books, report and inquiry apparatuses and official data systems.

Importance of Business Intelligence tools or software solutions

Business Intelligence systems give recorded, current, and prescient perspectives of business

operations, regularly using data which has been collaborated in to an information distribution

centre or an information bazaar and once in a while working from operational information.

Programming equipment’s support announcing, intelligent cut up turn table examinations,

presentation, and factual data mining. Data handling deals, creation, monetary, and many

different wellsprings of business information for the purposes of cooperating business

execution administration. Data is regularly collected about distinct organizations on a same

platform that is known as benchmarking.

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Business Intelligence and Security

Business Intelligence is a moderately new term for the up and coming era of information

warehousing. While information warehousing is fundamentally worried with the combination

of immense measures of information over different business systems, Business Intelligence is

worried with how to utilize that incorporated information to settle on key business decisions.

Immediately, security turns into a worry at whatever point private corporate information is

gotten to. Stories of prominent information spills have been standing out as truly newsworthy

for quite a long time. Security has been such a solid concentration at Microsoft that it is one

of the four mainstays of Microsoft's Trustworthy Computing Initiative. Business Intelligence

information is typically displayed to clients by means of the corporate intranet or over email.

This enables IT specialists to exploit existing security foundations to help them in securing

their Business Intelligence information. These current security structures, when consolidated

with corporate strategies against the appropriation of touchy organization data are typically

enough to ease BI information condition. As a matter of first importance in the Microsoft

Business Intelligence stack is Microsoft SQL Server. SQL Server 2005 has gained

extraordinary ground at securing itself and the substance of its databases. The security

components of SQL Server include:

•Surface zone diminishment – at establishment, commonly unused parts are handicapped of

course, decreasing the odds that infections and programmers can exploit the system.

•Native encryption – information can be scrambled inside the database for included security

without requiring outer SSL testaments.

•Authentication – aggregate arrangement reasonable logins and endpoint-based verification.

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•Granular consents – making the authorizations more granular permits SQL Server clients

to work in a slightest special condition while as yet having the security consents to achieve

their assignments.

•User and pattern partitions – a disparity from SQL Server 2000 where a database protest's

blueprint name was the same as the database client who claimed it.

Environmental Issues (Climate Change) Study Applied with SAP

Two trends have characterized the last two years: ongoing climate change and increasing

competition in the energy markets. The latest IPCC reports have shown dramatically the

degree of climate change and have triggered intense international negotiations (Reuter,

1990). The increasing degree of deregulation of European energy markets creates a tendency

to consider environmental protection as a burden to competitiveness. It has become evident

to an increasing number of decision-makers, that society must develop a „culture of

sustainability "if we do not want to damage the possibility for future generations to satisfy

their needs in an irresponsible and irreversible way. Therefore the European Commission and

the national governments have started to create a policy framework which induces GHG

mitigation projects and fosters competition at the same time, a difficult task because of the

conflicting objectives.

In order to change the level of GHG emissions, specific actions to change technical

equipment or to influence consumer behavior has to be taken. These decisions are taken at

the local level, either by local authorities, private energy consumers, industry, agriculture,

tertiary sector or the energy providers in order to adapt to the changing conditions of the

political framework.

The Planning Objective and Philosophy

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Planning is regarded as a continuous process and not as a one-time-action. Planning is

not a prediction of the future but a tool that provides a rational basis for making decisions which

involve high investments with a long impact into an uncertain future. Planning is a dynamic

iterative process that includes economic, environmental and social concerns and attempts to

identify robust solutions.

BI is a planning methodology based on systems analysis embedded into a

communication and learning process for decision making. The objective of Business

Intelligence is to assist local communities, to achieve a sustainable development path, to protect

the environment, to avoid climate change, to reduce the energy costs through the rational use of

energy, to protect the natural resources and finally to increase the quality of living (Schlenzig,

1999).

BI is based on the following principles:

 Concrete actions for sustainable development start at the local level

 Sustainable Development is not possible without sustainable planning

 The interests of all important actors have to be respected

 Planning goal is an efficient consensus within conflicting interests

 Planning does not stop with a decision but accompanies project implementation

 Continuous monitoring is necessary to assure a constant quality increase

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A Project Embedded into a Communication Process

The Business Interline approach establishes an organizational set-up integrating

representatives from all relevant interest groups. From the beginning on it promotes

communication and fosters negotiation to resolve conflicting objectives. Figure 1 shows the

organizational set-up.

The steering committee is the initiator and host of the project and controls the

process. The steering committee can consist of representatives from the city authorities like

the planning commission or the agency for environmental protection and from the local

utility. The process manager is representing the institution that has initiated the project.

Parties
City Steering Committee

Process Manager
Industry
Conflicting
Utilities
Objectives Project Manager

Interest Groups
Reference Group Working Group

Citizens

Figure 1: Organizational Set-up of Communication Process for Co-operative Planning

The reference group consists of dedicated representatives from various interest

groups, such as political parties, city council, municipal building authorities, real estate

agencies, industry, research institutes, energy utilities and citizen interest groups (agenda 21).

It may also contain external experts who can be invited to advise on specific issues of the

energy debate. The reference group meets 4 to 5 times during a project and advises on all

strategic decisions in the planning process.

The working group consists of energy and modeling experts in charge of the scientific

analysis throughout the project. These scientists perform the model runs for various scenarios
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in order to provide the hard facts for the evaluation of the strategies proposed by the steering

committee and the reference group. In addition, it is the task of the project manager to

organize the communication process and mediate in case of conflicting objectives.

The organizational learning experienced by all participants throughout the planning

exercise creates confidence in the results necessary for a broad endorsement of the strategy

that is finally decided.

Figure 2: Structure of a Co-operative Planning Project

A Well Defined Project Organization

The Structured Analysis Procedure SAP“ is used to structure the planning project into

distinct phases, milestones and feedback loops. Figure 2 shows that a project starts with a

pilot study analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of the system, focusing on the problems

and creating an overview of possible future strategies.

The main study serves to validate these strategies using computer models based on a

comprehensive representation of the whole energy system. In the decision phase, the results

are presented to the reference group. The area of the different boxes in the figure gives an

impression of the resource allocation within SAP (Edge & Sampaio, 2009).

The Structured Analysis Procedure SAP allows to set a clear focus within each of the
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different planning phases and ensures efficient progress of the project. Figure 3 shows a flow

chart of the different stages of an SAP project.

Figure 3: Phases of the Structured Analysis Procedure SAP

Planning is an iterative procedure that has to be reviewed when new problems arise,

values or perceptions change, additional aspects have to be considered, new technologies or

strategies become available, new information becomes accessible, improved analysis tools

are developed or the institutional framework changes.

Because of the many feedback links, SAP leads to a process of organizational learning

among all participants. New insights at each planning stage allow for iterative improvement

of the agreed strategy. BI thus uses SAP to systematically create a target-oriented strategy for

sustainable development.

A Co-operative Modeling System for the Analysis

A Business Interline system combines energy models available for the different

planning tasks and integrates them in a modular way through a central database management

system.

The SAP software developed at IER University of Stuttgart is such a BI. SAP

supports each step within the SAP planning process from problem definition down to
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monitoring the effectiveness of the implemented strategies.

 integrates all information relevant to planning

 structures the planning tasks according to SAP

 uses methodologies based on systems analysis

 automates the work flow for energy modeling

 visualizes findings and results as much as possible

 documents all working steps transparently

Figure 4 The Reference Energy System RES as Modeling Principle

Energy systems are represented in SAP in a standardized form as a network of

commodities and transformation processes, a flexible process-engineering oriented bottom-

up technique widely used for modeling energy systems (figure 4). The RES creates a

process-engineering oriented accounting framework which leaves a high degree of flexibility

for the evaluation of energy and environmental strategies.

SAP combines this methodology for energy system modeling with a user-friendly

relational database management system, that is similar to a time series oriented data-

warehouse. The central energy information system connects all energy models through a
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standardized interface and allows to manage the data independently from the models. Since

the database also supports the scenario technique used by energy models to derive robust

strategies, consistency is assured since all models share the same (common) assumptions of

the scenarios. The models can also pass the results between each other via the standardized

database. It is even possible to link external model calculations with Excel into the database.

The BI allows evaluating the impacts of a modeled strategy from the perspective of

different agents (the utility as a company, the city as a political body). In figure 4 the

electricity generating sector can be modeled from the utility perspective in much more detail

than the rest of the RES.

Figure 5 shows the architecture of the SAP software with the database management

system at the centre. The main SAP tools are the Navigator for data entry and retrieval, the

Case Manager for scenario management, the RES-Editor to manage reference energy

systems, the Analyst for creating Excel reports linked to the database, the Data Cube for

multidimensional analysis based on OLAP technology (Online Analytical Processing) and

the Excel-Interface to Export or Import data (Aldenderfer &. Blashfiel, 1985).

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Figure 5 The Architecture of the SAP Software

The top layer of SAP locates the models that can be used for energy systems analysis.

INCA allows a detailed dynamic investment calculation for the comparison of investments in

different power plants.

The PlaNet is a linear network model that creates an accounting framework to calculate

energy and emission balances combined with a detailed cost calculation.

TIMES is a mathematical modeling scheme for representing, optimizing and

analyzing energy systems on a flexible time and geographic scale. It follows the RES bottom-

up systems engineering approach which allows a detailed technical description and economic

evaluation of the energy system. It has been developed under the auspices of the International

Energy Agency (IEA/ETSAP) and can be used e.g. to determine cost-efficient mitigation

strategies for energy-related emissions, i.e. to minimize the total discounted system cost for

given energy demand and a limitation on CO2 emissions.

PROFAKO is the SAP optimization model for optimal load dispatching of utilities

based on mixed Integer linear programming. PROFAKO allows for load forecasting based on

artificial neural networks, contract benchmarking and portfolio optimization, including

typical futures electricity contracts.

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The Xtractor is a standardized interface which allows managing input data and results

of generic GAMS models.

IKARUS offers a consistent, complete and validated Energy Database for Ger- many

which can be used in SAP for data import.

The Energy Information System ENIS contains economic data, energy data, technical

data, and environmental data, which can be visualized by tables and graphs. ENIS can be

used to build up tailor-made information systems, which can share the data among all SAP

planning modules.

The intended GIS interface for local energy planning allows to directly connect GIS-

related data to RES oriented planning modules and to visualize results.

A Continuous Monitoring and Controlling Process

The main result of co-operative planning is a local/regional energy plan. During the

implementation steps of this energy plan the real trends should be compared continuously

with the anticipated development and the plan corrected if necessary.

After the implementation phase the planning process shifts to a monitoring phase.

Continuous monitoring and evaluation is necessary to detect significant changes in the

prerequisites of the systems environment for the local energy system. Such changes can make

it necessary to adjust some of the goals and parts of the action plan which may have been

based on other assumptions. A monitoring activity could be a yearly report to the decision

makers (BEO, 1999).

Reporting formats can be easily adopted to new reporting periods. Updating the

database does not require modeling skills. The information system is designed for regular

(e.g. yearly) reporting. Finally it is possible to access the information system via Internet, a

perfect mean to publish trends and results and to attract public awareness.

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Case Studies for Business Intelligence (BI)

BI has been applied in various case studies. SAP has been used for local energy

planning in Mannheim, Wiernsheim, Stuttgart and Lissabon (Expo‘98). Ongoing projects for

co-operative planning are taking place in Rottweiler and Friedrichshafen (Germany). Co-

operative planning has also been applied within other projects of the IEA Annex 33 “Advanced

Local Energy Planning” in Cities of Italy, Holland and Sweden. In these projects the

MARKAL software was used (IEA-Annex, 1994).

Recommendation

Energy and environmental planning have to be embedded into a communication and

mediation process in order to reflect the often conflicting objectives of the actors.

Otherwise, it will not be possible to achieve an action plan endorsed by a broad consensus.

To avoid, that a planning study “ends” in large reports which “rest on the shelf”, planning

must be an ongoing exercise. This requires tools supporting “sustainable planning”, i.e.

tools which support continuous improvement and controlling process. In the future,

planning tools for energy and environmental planning will have to be used in a similar way

as business tools for accounting and controlling in companies, i.e. on a regular basis. BI

systems such as SAP which combine the strengths of modern data management systems

with the flexible analysis capabilities of different systems engineering methodologies may

help to reach this target.

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OTHER LINKS

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http://www.analyticsnews.datafactz.com/2014/10/03/using-business-intelligence-for-

security-analysis-and-fraud-detection/

https://www.microsoft.com/betaexperience/nlarchive/bexp2/issue_6/Business%20Intellig

ence%20and%20Security.aspx

http://www.computerworld.com/article/2565116/business-intelligence/securing-

business-intelligence.html

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http://www.nalashaa.com/claim-analysis-fraud-detection-business-intelligence/

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