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MIX PROPORTIONING OF M85 GRADE CONCRETE WITH A COMPRESSIVE

STRENGTH OF 60 MPa IN 7 DAYS

Conference Paper · December 2015

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 Paper ID: 40, presented and published in the proceedings of Three-Day Inter National Conference on
INNOVATIONS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING (IC-ISE-2015) Organised by Department of Civil Engineering,
University College of Engineering (A), Osmania University, Hyderabad at Hotel Katriya, No. 8, Raj Bhavan Road,
Somajiguda, Hyderabad, Telangana State, 500082 during 14 th – 16th December, 2015. Published by: University
Press, ISBN 978 8173719868

Mix Proportioning of M85 grade concrete with a Compressive

Strength of 60 MPa in 7 days

Markandeya Raju Ponnada,

Professor of Civil Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering,
Vizianagaram - 535 005, (A.P), India. markandeyaraju@gmail.com
B. Siva Prasad
P.G student in Structural Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering,
Vizianagaram - 535 005, (A.P), India. shivab.145@gmail.com

SYNOPSIS

This paper presents the mix proportioning of High Strength Concrete (HSC) of M85 grade with
60 MPa in 7 days. M55 (the maximum possible grade that can be designed) grade as per IS
10262: 2009 limiting maximum cement content to 450 kg/m3 of concrete was designed. Trials
adopting various mineral additives like silica fume and fly ash at various percentage levels such
as 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% etc.,. Were mixed and tested. Chemical admixtures like super
plasticizer and rapid hardening solution were also adopted in combination with mineral
admixtures at various dosages starting from 0.6% to 1.5% by weight of cement. The target
strength of 85 MPa in 28 days and 60 MPa in 7 days was achieved with w/c 0.34, cement content
438 kg/m3, 2.5% Silica fume and 1.2% of super plasticizer. Workability of fresh concrete and
other mechanical properties for hardened concrete were determined for 3, 7, 14, 28 days of
curing in potable water. Rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) value was determined after 28
and 90 days to establish the durability of this mix. The results indicate that the early strength is
low for higher percentage replacement of additives. However, the performance of the mix
designed was satisfactory in terms of mechanical properties.
KEYWORDS: High Strength Concrete, High Early Strength Concrete, Cement Replacement,

Mineral Admixtures, Chemical Admixtures, Rapid Chloride Permeability Test.

1

Mix Proportioning of M85 grade concrete with a Compressive

Strength of 60 MPa in 7 days

*Markandeya Raju Ponnada, **B. Siva Prasad

SYNOPSIS: This paper presents the mix proportioning of High Strength Concrete (HSC) of

M85 grade with 60 MPa in 7 days. M55 (the maximum possible grade that can be designed)

grade as per IS 10262: 2009 limiting maximum cement content to 450 kg/m3 of concrete was

designed. Trials adopting various mineral additives like silica fume and fly ash at various

percentage levels such as 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% etc.,. Were mixed and tested. Chemical

admixtures like super plasticizer and rapid hardening solution were also adopted in combination

with mineral admixtures at various dosages starting from 0.6% to 1.5% by weight of cement. The

target strength of 85 MPa in 28 days and 60 MPa in 7 days was achieved with w/c 0.34, cement

content 438 kg/m3, 2.5% Silica fume and 1.2% of super plasticizer. Workability of fresh concrete

and other mechanical properties for hardened concrete were determined for 3, 7, 14, 28 days of

curing in potable water. Rapid chloride penetration test (RCPT) value was determined after 28

and 90 days to establish the durability of this mix. The results indicate that the early strength is

low for higher percentage replacement of additives. However, the performance of the mix

designed was satisfactory in terms of mechanical properties.

1
Professor of Civil Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram - 535 005, (A.P), India.
markandeyaraju@gmail.com
P.G student in Structural Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram - 535 005, (A.P), India.
shivab.145@gmail.com
KEYWORDS: High Strength Concrete, High Early Strength Concrete, Cement Replacement,

Mineral Admixtures, Chemical Admixtures, Rapid Chloride Permeability Test.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL

Increasing progress in the applications of prestressed concrete in the construction industry has

generated interest in the High Strength Concrete (HSC). Successive increase in compressive

strengths of concrete over the past few decades resulted in changing definitions to high strength

concrete. ACI committee 363 defines HSC as “The concrete with specified compressive strength

equal to or greater than 40 MPa”. High strength concretes made by adding pozzolana like flyash;

blast furnace slag and silica fume are order of the day in the economic and environmental

perspectives. Blending pozzolana also makes concrete durable by reducing the permeability. The

only way to have low volume of pores is to ensure that the mix contains particles graded down to the

finest size. This is usually achieved by the use of pozzolana which fills the space between the cement

particles and aggregates. The mix must be sufficiently workable for the solids to be dispersed in such

a manner that dense packing is achieved. This also requires deflocculation of cement particles which

can be achieved by the use of suitable super plasticizer at a required dosage. The super plasticizer

must be compatible with the cement. Hence, low permeability and dense concrete result in durable

concrete. In the present investigations, mix design for HSC was carried out by using mineral and

chemical admixtures. The RCPT on High Strength Concrete was also carried out.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW

D. Karthik and J. Doraikkannan1 have conducted Experimental Investigation on silica fume and steel

slag in concrete. Ashfi Rahman and Harjinder Singh2 have studied the Effect of Mineral Admixtures
on Characteristics of High Strength Concrete. Harjinder Singh and Shikha Bansal3 performed studies

on Effect of Silica Fume on the Strength of Cement Mortar. It is reported that the compressive

strength of mortar improves when a part of cement/sand is replaced by certain percentage of silica

fume. Dr. Engr. Gana and Engr. Okoye4 presented a case study on Relevance of High Performance

Concrete Applications in Modern Civil Engineering Construction. Mezgeen Abdulrahman Rasoi5

conducted experimental investigation on Effect of Silica Fume on Concrete Properties and

advantages for Kurdistan Region, Iraq. Abudel Salam6 has studied effect of steel fiber and silica

fume on hardened concrete compressive and flexural strength. In this paper an attempt is made at

300°C to present the results of an experimental investigation carried out on fiber reinforced concrete.

Damgir et al., 7 presented a case study of split tensile strength of fiber reinforced concrete using silica

fume and steel fibers. Sesha phani et al.,8 conducted studies on effect of mineral admixtures on

durability properties of High Strength Self Compacting Concrete (HSSCC). Shanmugapriya and

Uma 9 carried out experimental Investigation on Silica Fume as Partial Replacement of Cement in

High Performance Concrete. Shanmugapriya and Uma10 have carried out experimental investigations

to assess the suitability of silica fume in high performance concrete. Vijaya Kishore11 studied the

performance of Ultra Strength Concrete. Faseyemi Victor Ajileye12 reported investigations on Micro

Silica (Silica Fume) as Partial Cement Replacement in concrete. Vinayagam13 performed

experimental investigation on High Performance Concrete using Silica Fume and Superplasticizer.

Sreenivasulu and Srinivasa Rao14 presented a case study on design of M100 grade concrete. Shankar

and Khadiranaikar 15 have studied RCPT on Geopolymer concrete. It is reported that as the grade of

concrete increases, the RCPT charges decreases. Chandramouli et al.,16 examined RCPT for

durability studies on glass fiber reinforced concrete. Yaqub and Imran Bukhari17 performed studies

on Effect of Size of Coarse Aggregate on Compressive Strength of High Strength Concrete. This
paper describes the influence of aggregate size on compressive strength of high strength concrete.

Sidhu18 performed studies on Early Age Behavior of Silica Fume Concrete.

3. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM

3.1 Materials Used

3.1.1 Cement: Ordinary Portland cement of 53 grade conforming to Indian standard IS 12269: 1987

was used for the present experimental investigation. Various properties of cement were determined

as per IS 4031: 1988 and the results are given in Table 1.

3.1.2 Fine Aggregate: Natural River Sand conforming to IS 383: 1987 and IS 10262: 2009 was

used. The results of various tests on fine aggregate are given in Table 2.

3.1.3 Coarse Aggregate: Crushed granite course aggregate conforming to IS 383: 1987 was used.

The results of various tests on coarse aggregate are given in Table 3.

3.1.4 Fly Ash: Fly ash confirming to IS 3812: 1981 of Indian standard was used as pozzolana

admixture. Fly ash was obtained from NTPC Paravada, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh,

INDIA.

3.1.5 Silica Fume: Commercially available Silica fume was procured and used in the experimental

investigation from Industrial area, Autonagar, Gajuwaka, Visakhapatnam. Physical and Chemical

properties of silica fume are given in Table 4.

3.1.6 Super Plasticizers: In this investigation CONPLAST SP 430 super-plasticizer of FOSROC

Chemicals is used. The super-plasticizers used for the study conform to IS 9103: 1999. The

properties of this super-plasticizer are given in Table 5.

3.1.7 Potable Water: Ordinary potable tap water available in laboratory was used for mixing

and curing of reference concrete. It had a pH value of 7.1

3.2 Mix Design

M55 is the highest grade that can be designed by IS 10262:2009 and hence based on the

properties of ingredients they can be proportioned to obtain the maximum strength. This chapter

presents mix design of M55 grade concrete with different cement contents and w/c ratios as

shown in below table. Although all mix designs were presented here, the minimum with a

cement content of 450 kg/m3 and w/c ratios of 0.28, 0.3, 0.34 and 0.4 were designed and tested

for 7 days. Maximum strength was achieved at w/c ratio of 0.34, keeping it constant cement

content was increased to 500, 550 and 600 kg/m3 and mixes were designed and tested. The mix

design calculations that were performed for conducting this study are presented in Table 6. Both

chemical and mineral admixtures were used to achieve target strength.

3.3 Trail Mix Results

Percentage of silica fume and Fly-Ash were taken by Cement Weight and replaced in both fine

aggregate and cement. The dosage of Super plasticizer is X lt for 100 kg of Cement, Where X =

0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5 and 2 lt. The dosage of Rapid hardening Solution is 6 lt for 100 kg of

Cement and it is replaced by Water. It is assumed that maximum cement content would result in

maximum strength and hence fine aggregate and cement was replaced with mineral admixtures.

[1] From Table 7, the percentage of Fly-Ash is replaced in Fine aggregate, we can see that the

maximum early strength of 53.35 MPa is reached at 5% of fly-ash and the maximum density

of 2407 Kg/m3 at 5% fly-ash content.

[2] From Table 8, Silica fume is replaced in Fine aggregate, we can see the maximum early

strength of 52.3 MPa is reached at 2.5% of silica fume (by weight of cement) and the

maximum density of 2494 kg/m3 at 10% silica fume.

[3] From Table 9, to study the effect of Superplasticizer and determine its optimum dosage,

different percentages were considered for w/c of 0.34, we have known that the maximum
 early strength of 52.5 MPa attained at 0.25 dosages and maximum density of 2497 kg/m3 at

0.5 dosages.

[4] From above Table 10, the percentage of Silica fume is replaced in Fine aggregate and the

results were shown with the combination of super plasticizer. we can see that the maximum

early strength of 51.75 MPa at 2.5% of silica fume and maximum density of 2390 kg/m3 at

same silica fume content i.e., 2.5%.

[5] From Table 11, the dosage of Rapid Harding Solution (R.H.S) was used for different levels

i.e., 5 lt, 5.5 lt, 6lt for 100 kg cement. We can see that dosage of 6 lt for 100 kg cement was

given maximum strength and density.

[6] From Table 12, combination of R.H.S and Fly Ash were used at different cement contents. It

shows that the maximum strength and density was achieved at 600 kg/m3 of cement content

and 5% replacement of fly ash.

[7] From Table 13, combination of R.H.S and Silica Fume were used at different cement

contents. It shows that the maximum strength and density was achieved at 550 kg/m 3 of

cement content and 5% replacement of silica fume.

[8] From Table 14, combination of R.H.S, Silica Fume, Superplasticizer and Fly Ash were used

at different cement contents. Flyash and silica fume was replaced in cement content; R.H.S

was replaced in water content. The results shows that the target strength of 60 MPa in 7 days

was achieved with w/c 0.34, cement content 438 kg/m3, 2.5% Silica fume and 1.2% of super

plasticizer. So this mix is finalized for further work and the mix proportions for finalized

mixture are shown in Table 15.

The mix design was carried out as per IS 10262: 2009 and IS 456: 2000 and the mix proportions

for concrete of M85grade were achieved after a number of trial mixes. Identification mix proportions
and quantity of materials of concrete mixture are given in Table 8. For M85 grade concrete the

trials were carried out to improve strength and durability of the fresh concrete.

3.4 Workability

The workability tests were conducted on fresh concrete of finalized mixture and the values are given in

Table 16. It shows that the workability for this mixture is low.

3.5 Preparation of Specimens

The sizes of various specimens were adopted as per IS 516: 1959. Specimens were de-moulded

in 20 hours and cured as the top surface of the concrete in the mould was hard enough by then.

Spreading wet gunny bags over the mould for the 1st 20 hours after the casting was carried out for

the initial curing to avoid thermal cracks.

4. TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Split Tensile Strength of Concrete

Concrete cylindrical specimens are used to determine Split tensile strength of concrete and were

tested as per IS 516: 1959 and IS 5816: 1999. The split tensile strength of concrete at curing

periods of 7, 14 and 28 days are presented in Table 17.

4.2 Flexural Strength of Concrete

Flexural strength of concrete was determined by two points loading as per IS 516 (1959). The

flexural strength of concrete at curing periods of 7, 14 and 28 days are presented in Table 17.

4.3 Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

A typical stress and strain curve of concrete in compression is shown in Figure 1. The relation is

fairly linear in the initial stages but subsequently becomes non-linear reaching a maximum value

and then a descending portion is obtained before concrete finally fails. The curve is usually
obtained by testing a cylinder with a height-to-lateral dimension ratio of at least 2 (150 mm x

300 mm), the test being conducted under uniform rate of strain. If a uniform rate of strain is

adopted, it will not be possible to obtain the descending portion of stress and strain curve beyond

the maximum stress.

4.4 Rapid Chloride Permeability Test

For reinforced concrete structures, one of the major forms of environmental attack is chloride

ingress, which leads to corrosion of the reinforcing steel and a subsequent reduction in the

strength, serviceability, and aesthetics of the structure. A common method of preventing such

deterioration is to prevent chlorides from penetrating the structure to the level of the reinforcing

steel bar by using relatively impenetrable concrete. The ability of chloride ions to penetrate the

concrete must then be known for design as well as quality control purposes. One of the tests to

know this is RCPT (Rapid Chloride Permeability Test) conducted as per ASTM C 1202 (94).

RCPT is based on the principle that negatively charged chloride ions are attracted to a positive

electrode and consists of measuring the total charge passed through a sample over the six hours

test duration when a direct current potential difference of 60V is applied across the end of the

samples. The quality of material is quantitatively assessed based on the total charge passed

during the test, which is considered to be the measure of the chloride permeability of concrete.

Test results for the resistance to penetration of chloride ions into concrete of 28 and 90 days

after casting, measured in terms of the electric charges passed through the specimens in

Coulombs for M85 grade concrete. It is observed that most of the chloride ion permeability

values fall in the range of low (1000-2000 Coulombs) category. The charge passed through the

M85 grade concrete mixtures are 1840 Coulombs at the age of 28 days and 1120 coulombs at

the age of 90 days. The test values are shown in Figure 2.

5. CONCLUSIONS

1. The target strength of 60 MPa in 7 days was achieved with addition of 2.5% micro silica and

1.2% super plasticizer (Conplast SP430) by using cement content of 438.75 kg/m3.

2. It is observed by trail mixes, the admixtures gave more strength and workability to the

concrete. Fly ash dosage of 5-10% by weight of cement shows better results than higher

percentages of fly ash. Super plasticizer Conplast SP430 dosage of 0.9-1.2% shows better

values. Silica fume dosage of less than 5% by weight of cement shows better results than

higher percentages of silica fume for 60 MPa in 7 days.

3. 60 MPa of compressive strength of concrete in 7 days was achieved by use of optimum % (i.e.

2.5%) of silica fume which fills the space between the cement particles and between the

aggregates and the cement particles. However, 88 MPa in 28 days was achieved. So it was

considered as M85 grade High Strength Concrete.

4. Water cement ratio of less than or equal to 0.30 did not yield higher strengths, may be because

of the lack of enough moisture for hydration.

5. The split tensile and flexural strength of M85 concrete was increased by age of concrete and

the resultant values are more when compared with the theoretical value 0.7 fck. The flexural

strength results of M85 concrete were more when compare with split tensile strength results

of concrete. However, the performance of the mix designed was satisfactory in terms of

mechanical properties split tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity.

6. It is observed that most of the chloride ion permeability values fall in the range of low (1000-

2000 Coulombs) category.

6. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The authors thank to Y. Mahendra, G. Arun Kumar, B. Pallavi, Ch. Snehal and P. Venkatesh,

under graduate students of Civil Engineering, MVGRCE, Vizianagaram for their help in

experimental work.

7. REFERENCES

1. Karthik. D and Doraikkannan. J., “Experimental Investigation of silica fume and steel slag in

concrete”, International journal of Modern Engineering Research, Vol.5, Iss.1, jan.2015

2. Ashfi Rahman and Harjinder Singh., “Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Characteristics of

High Strength Concrete”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology,

Volume: 04 Issue: 02, Feb-2015/

3. Harjinder Singh and Shikha Bansal., “Effect of Silica Fume on the Strength of Cement

Mortar”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Volume: 04

Issue: 02, Feb-2015

4. Engr. Gana and Engr. Okoye., “Relevance of High Performance Concrete Applications in

Modern Civil Engineering Construction”, International Research Journal of Engineering

Science, Technology and Innovation (IRJESTI), (ISSN2315-5663) Vol. 4(1) pp. 19-24,

January 2015

5. Mezgeen Abdulrahman Rasoi., “Effect of Silica Fume on Concrete Properties and

advantages for Kurdistan Region, Iraq”, International Journal of Scientific and Engineering

Research, Volume 6, Issue 1, January-2015

6. Lina Abudel Salam., “Effect of Steel Fiber and Silica Fume on Hardened Concrete

Compressive and Flexural Strength”, Journal of Engineering and Development, Vol.19,

No.1, January 2015.

7. Damgir. R. M., “Split Tensile Strength of Fiber Reinforced Concrete Using Silica Fume and

Steel Fibers” International Journal of Advanced Technology in Engineering and Science,

Volume No.03, Issue No. 01, January 2015

8. Sesha phani., “Studies on Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Durability Properties of High

Strength Self Compacting Concrete”, International Journal of Research in Engineering and

Technology, eISSN: 2319-1163, pISSN: 2321-7308.

9. Shanmugapriya. T and Uma. R. N., “Experimental Investigation on Silica Fume as Partial

Replacement of Cement in High Performance Concrete”, The International Journal Of

Engineering And Science (IJES), Volume:2, Issue:5, Pages:40-45, 2013

10. Shanmugapriya. T and Uma. R. N., “Optimization of partial replacement of M-Sand by

Natural Sand in high performance concrete with silica fume”, International Journal of

Engineering Sciences and Emerging Technologies, Vol.2, pp. 73-80.

11. Vijaya Kishore. K., “Ultra Strength Concrete” International Journal of Emerging trends in

Engineering and Development, Issue 2, Vol.4 (May 2012) ISSN 2249-6149.

12. Faseyemi Victor Ajileye., “Investigations on Micro Silica (Silica Fume) As Partial Cement

Replacement in concrete”, Global Journal of researches in engineering Civil and Structural

engineering, Volume 12 Issue 1 Version 1.0 January 2012.

13. Vinayagam. P., “Experimental Investigation on High Performance Concrete Using Silica

Fume and Superplasticizer”, International Journal of Computer and Communication

Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 2, July 2012

14. Sreenivasulu. A and Srinivasa Rao. K., “Design of M100 Grade Concrete”, Global J. of

Engg. and Appl. Sciences, 2012, Research Paper: Sreenivasulu and Srinivasa Rao, 2012:

Pp.183-185

15. Shankar and Khadiranaikar., “RCPT on Geopolymer Concrete”, International Journal of

Earth Sciences and engineering, Year: 2012, Volume: 5, Issue: 6.

16. Chandramouli., “RCPT Durability Studies on Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete”, Journal of

Engineering and Applied Sciences, Vol. 5(3) 67-71, 2010.

17. Yaqub. M and Imran Bukhari., “Effect of Size of Coarse Aggregate on Compressive Strength

of High Strength Concrete”, 31st Conference on our world in concrete and structures: 16 - 17

August 2006, Singapore, Article Online Id: 100031052

18. Sidhu. D. S., “Early Age Behavior of Silica Fume Concrete”, 26th Conference on our world

in concrete and structures: 27 - 28 August 2001, Singapore, Article Online Id: 100026071.

19. IS 383: 1987 Specification for coarse and fine aggregate from natural sources for concrete,

8th Reprint October 1991, Bureau of Indian Standards, and New Delhi.

20. IS 456: 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete, 4th Revision, Bureau of

Indian Standards, New Delhi.

21. IS 516: 1959 Methods of test for strength of concrete, Amendment No. 2, Reprint 1993,

Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

22. IS 5816: 1999 Splitting Tensile Strength of Concrete–Method of Test, Bureau of Indian

Standards, New Delhi.

23. IS 10262: 2009 Concrete Mix Proportioning Guidelines, Bureau of Indian Standards, New

Delhi.
24. IS 12269: 1987 Specification for 53 grade ordinary Portland cement, Bureau of Indian

Standards, New Delhi.

25. ASTM C 1202, Electrical Indication of Concrete’s Ability to Resist Chloride Ion Penetration,

Annual Book of American society for Testing Materails, Vol. C04.02, 1993.
7. TABLES AND FIGURES

Table 1 Properties of Cement

Sl. No Property Test Requirement of IS 12269: 1987

1 Fineness 4% Should be < 10%

2 Normal consistency 33%

3 Soundness 4 mm Should be < 10 mm

Setting Time 40 min Should be > 30 min

4
230 min Should be < 600 min

5 Specific gravity 3.15

28.5 MPa Should be > 27 MPa

Compressive
6 37.4 MPa Should be > 37 MPa
Strength
54.1 MPa Should be > 53 MPa
 Table 2 Properties of Fine Aggregate

Property Specific Gravity Fineness Modulus Grading

Value 2.71 2.64 Zone II

 Table 3 Properties of Course Aggregate

Property Specific Gravity Fineness Modulus Maximum Nominal Size

Value 2.71 2.64 10 mm

 Table 4(a) Chemical Properties of Silica Fume

Parameters Ignition loss SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO S C K2O Total

Values 0.36 95.5 0.35 0.61 0.41 0.12 2.15 0.50 100

Table 4(b) Physical Properties of Silica Fume

Parameters Density (g/cm3) Particle Size (µm) Specific Surface (m2/g)

Value 2.20 0.1 to 0.2 18 to 20

 Table 5 Properties of Super-Plasticizer (SP)

Physical Boiling Auto Explosive Water

H
Properties Colour P Odour
State Point/Range(°c) Flammability Properties Soluble

Not
Slight/ Not
Result Liquid Brown 7-8 >100°c Applicabl Soluble
Faint Applicable
e
 Table 6 Mix Proportions for Mix Designs

Mix Cement Fine Coarse

W/C Water Mix
Sl.No Design Content Aggregate Aggregate
Ratio (lt) Proportion
No (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (kg/m3)

1 1 0.28 450 1065.69 908.01 126 1:2.36:2.01

2 2 0.30 450 1052.46 896.72 135 1:2.33:1.99

3 3 0.34 450 1026.54 874.36 153 1:2.28:1.94

4 4 0.40 450 987.21 840.83 180 1:2.19:1.86

5 5 0.34 500 979.83 834.62 153 1:1.95:1.66

6 6 0.34 550 930.15 792.45 187 1:1.69:1.44

7 7 0.34 600 882.9 751.95 204 1:1.47:1.25

TRAIL MIX RESULTS

Table 7 Fly- Ash Results (by weight of cement) (W/C = 0.34, Cement = 450 kg)

Fine Coarse Compressive

Sl. Water Fly-Ash Density
aggregate aggregate strength (MPa)for 7-
3
No (lt) (kg) (kg/m )
(kg) (kg) days

11.25
1 1015.29 874.36 153 2285 33.15
(2.5%)

33.75
2 992.79 874.36 153 2379 49.0
(7.5%)

45
3 981.54 874.36 153 2369 47.9
(10%)

22.5
4 1004.04 874.36 153 2407 53.35
(5%)

67.5
5 959.04 874.36 153 2369 43.32
(15%)
 Table 8 Silica Fume Results (by wt of cement) (W/C = 0.40, Cement = 450 kg)

Fine Coarse Silica Compressive

Sl. Water Density
aggregate aggregate Fume strength (MPa) for 7-
3
No (lt) (kg/m )
(kg) (kg) (kg) days

112.5
1 874.71 840.83 180 2381 38.95
(25%)

2 807.21 840.83 180 180 (40%) 2333 28.3

3 897.21 840.83 180 90 (20%) 2420 36.85

4 852.21 840.83 180 135 (30%) 2361 31.15

5 964.71 840.83 180 22.5 (5%) 2457 46.8

11.25
6 975.96 840.83 180 2473 52.3
(2.5%)

7 942.21 840.83 180 45 (10%) 2494 41.1

 Table 9 Super Plasticizer Results (W/C = 0.34, Cement = 450 kg)

Fine Coarse Super Compressive

Sl. Water Density
aggregate aggregate plasticizer (lt) strength (MPa) for
No (lt) (kg/m3)
(kg) (kg) 7-days

1 1026.54 871.7 153 0 (0% D) 2452 50.65

1.125 (0.25%
2 1026.54 871.7 153 2471 52.5
D)

3 1026.54 871.7 153 2.25 (0.5% D) 2497 49.35

4 1026.54 871.7 153 4.5 (1% D) 2478 51.85

 Table 10 Silica-Fume + Super Plasticizer (Cement = 450 kg)

Compr
Super
Fine Coarse Silica strength
Sl. W/C Water plasticizer Density
aggregate aggregate fume (MPa) for
3
No Ratio (lt) (lt) (kg/m )
(kg) (kg) (kg) 7-days

11.255 2.25 (0.5%

1 0.4 975.96 840.83 180 2460 51.75
(2.5%) D)

45 2.25 (0.5%
2 0.34 981.54 874.36 153 2340 38.35
(10%) D)

22.5 1.13 (0.25%

3 0.3 1029.96 896.72 135 2340 34.15
(5%) D)

22.5 6.75 (0.75%

4 0.28 1043.19 908.01 126 2390 46.65
(5%) D)
 Table 11 Rapid Hardening Solution (R.H.S) Results (W/C = 0.34)

Fine Coarse Compressive

Sl. Cement Water R.H.S Density
aggregate aggregate strength (MPa) for
3
No (kg) (lt) (lt) (kg/m )
(kg) (kg) 7-days

1 450 1026.5 874.36 130.5 22.5 2423 45.6

2 450 1026.5 874.36 126.0 27.0 2474 51.35

3 450 1026.5 874.36 128.3 24.7 2339 35.9

 Table 12 Fly Ash +Rapid Hardening Solution Results (W/C = 0.34)

Fine Coarse Compressive

Sl. Cement Water R.H.S flyash Density
aggregate aggregate Strength (MPa)
No (kg) (lt) (lt) (kg) (kg/m3)
(kg) (kg) for 7-days

45
1 450 981.54 874.36 126 27 2320 43.85
(10%)

30
2 600 852.90 751.95 168 36 2576 53.8
(5%)

27.5
3 550 902.65 792.45 154 33 2513 46.5
(5%)

25
4 500 954.83 834.62 140 30 2542 43.1
(5%)
 Table 13 Silica Fume +Rapid Hardening Solution Results (W/C = 0.34)

Fine Coarse Silica Compressive

Sl. Cement Water R.H.S Density
aggregate aggregate fume Strength (MPa)
3
No (kg) (lt) (lt) (kg/m )
(kg) (kg) (kg) for 7-days

27.5
1 550 902.65 792.45 154 33 2504 53.75
(5%)

25
2 500 954.83 834.62 140 30 2560 51.05
(5%)

22.5
3 450 1004.04 874.36 126 27 2370 49.1
(5%)
 Table 14 Silica Fume + Fly Ash + SP + Rapid Hardening Solution Results

(15cm*15cm*15cmsize)

Comp
Wat Fly
Sl. W/C Cement FA CA SF SP R.H.S Density strength
er Ash
No Ratio (kg) (kg) (kg) (kg) lt (lt) Kg/M3 (MPa)
(lt) (kg)
for 7days

22.5
1 0.34 427.5 1026.4 874.2 153 0 (0%) 0 0 8370 52.7
(5%)

11.2 0 1.2
2 0.34 438.1 1026.4 874.2 153 0 8150 61.3
(2.5%) (0%) %

22.5
3 0.34 427.5 1026.4 874.2 126 0 (0%) 0 27 7640 49.7
(5%)

11.2 0
4 0.34 438.7 1026.4 874.2 126 0 27 7700 41.15
(2.5%) (0%)

12.5 0 1.1
5 0.34 487.0 979.83 834.6 140 30 8313 48.7
(2.5%) (0%) %

0 1.2
6 0.34 500.0 979.83 834.6 140 0 (0%) 30 8382 45.15
(0%) %

25 1.0
7 0.34 475.0 979.83 834.6 140 0 (0%) 30 8240 50.95
(5%) %

0 1.2
8 0.34 500.0 979.83 834.6 140 0 (0%) 30 8410 49.8
(0%) %
 Table 15 Mix Proportions for Finalized Mixture

Fine Coarse Silica Super W/C

Material Cement Water
Aggregate Aggregate Fume Plasticizer ratio

Wt per 438.75 153

1024 kg 874 kg 2.5% 1.2% 0.34
m3 kg liters
 Table 16 Tests on Workability

Slump Compaction Factor Vee-Bee Test

20mm 0.73 4sec (3cm)

Low Medium Medium

Table 17 Split Tensile and Flexural strengths of concrete

Age 7 days 14 days 28 days

Split Tensile Strength (N/mm2) 5.28 7.08 7.77

Flexural Strength (N/mm2) 6.84 8.79 10.39

 Figure 1 Stress – Strain Curve for concrete

50

40
Stress (N/mm2)

30

20

10

0
0 0.0005 0.001 0.0015 0.002 0.0025 0.003 0.0035 0.004 0.0045 0.005

Strain

Figure 2 RCPT for Concrete

2000

1500

RCPT
1000
VALUE
(Coulombs)
500

0
28 DAYS 90 DAYS
AGE (Days)

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