EAPP
ACADEMIC VS. NON-ACADEMIC TEXT
ACADEMIC
- takes a long time to publish
- made by professionals
- uses formal language
- specific
- proper punctuation marks
- includes references
NON-ACADEMIC
- can be published right away
- made by the mass, public
- uses casual, slang language
- informal
OUTLINES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIES
OUTLINE
- a plan or a summary of a writing object
- map/shape of your essay
- structure of an academic paper
- main headings are encoded with roman
numerals with supporting arguments marked by
capital
letters
o Topic Outline
- do not exceed 3 words
- key words, phrases o Sentence Outline
- complete sentences
BIBLIOGRAPHY
- a list of materials that were used or will be
used in the composition of an
academic/professional piece
- found at the end of text
- arranged alphabetically
- APA: American Psychological Association
- MLA: Modern Language Association – used
in humanities
TRADITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY: APA
FORMAT
• Article from academic journal
Surname, I. & Surname, I. (Year of Publication).
Title of the article (sentence case). Journal
(Capitalized first letter). Volume # (Issue #), pages
(w/o pp.).
• Book
Surname, I. (Year of Publication). Title of book
(sentence case) (edition). Place of Publication:
Publisher.
• Article from anthology
Surname, I. (Year of Publication). Title of the
Article (sentence case). Editors (I. Surname and I.
Surname). Title of the Book (capitalized first
letter). Place of Publication: Publisher.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
- written either on set of cards, table, or simply
typed.
- includes summary/abstract, findings,
recommendations
PARAPHRASING AND SUMMARIZING
PARAPHRASING – process in which a writer
restates the insights found in reference using his
own words
- 80% - 90% of summary
- rules: use third person (he, she, they)
- no quotation marks
- add information
- signal words: explained, stated, said, asserts,
according to
SUMMARIZING – synopsis or digest of the
essence of an entire text
- reviews, literary critique
- gist, key ideas, main point
- broad overview
 - larger selections to bare essentials
- includes citations
PLAGIARISM

• Direct - word for word transcription of a

selection
• Self-plagiarism - occurs when a student submits
his own previous work, or mixes parts of
previous work without permissions from all
professors involves
• Mosaic - student borrows phrases from a source
without using quotation marks
• Accidental - person neglects to cite their
sources, misquotes their sources or
unintentionally paraphrase a source by a using
similar words