Pharmacy 3 Student Handbook

February 2018 Edition

While all reasonable efforts have been made to ensure that the information contained herein is correct at
the time of going to press, matters covered by this publication are subject to change.

The School of Pharmacy reserves the right to introduce such changes (including addition, withdrawal or
restructuring of papers and programmes) as it may judge to be necessary or desirable.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

2018 Calendar ...................................................................................................................... 5

Student Support Co-ordinators ............................................................................................. 6
Key Undergraduate Positions ............................................................................................... 7
Student Timetable ................................................................................................................ 8
Textbook List ........................................................................................................................ 9
Commonly Used Drug List Information ................................................................................11
Oral Examinations ...............................................................................................................12
Honours Programme ...........................................................................................................14

COURSE OUTLINES
PHCY 315 ...........................................................................................................................15
PHCY 340 ...........................................................................................................................17
PHCY 342 ...........................................................................................................................19
PHCY 343 ...........................................................................................................................21
PHCY 344 ...........................................................................................................................23
Generic Aims and Objectives of Quality Use of Medicines (QUM) Papers ..........................26
PHCY 345 ...........................................................................................................................27
Gastrointestinal Disorders Module (GI) ....................................................................30
Infectious Diseases Module (IN) ...............................................................................31
Cardiovascular - Respiratory Disorders Module (CVR) ............................................33
Endocrine Disorders Module (EN) ............................................................................34
PHCY 346 ...........................................................................................................................35

3
4
 2018 SCHOOL OF PHARMACY CALENDAR

First Semester

Semester 1 lectures begin....................................................................................................................... 26 Feb

Good Friday (holiday) .............................................................................................................................. 30 Mar
Mid-semester break begins ..................................................................................................................... 30 Mar
Easter Monday (holiday) .......................................................................................................................... 2 April
Otago Anniversary Day observed (holiday) .............................................................................................. 3 April
First semester resumes ............................................................................................................................ 9 April
ANZAC Day observed (holiday) ............................................................................................................. 25 April
First semester lectures finish ................................................................................................................... 1 June
Queen’s Birthday (holiday) ...................................................................................................................... 4 June
University mid-year exams begin ............................................................................................................ 6 June
University mid-year exams finish ........................................................................................................... 20 June

Second Semester

Semester 2 lectures begin (P2 & P3) ........................................................................................................ 9 July

Semester 2 lectures begin (P4) ............................................................................................................... 16 July
Mid-semester break begins ................................................................................................................ 25 August
Second semester resumes (P2 & P4) ............................................................................................ 3 September
Second semester resumes (P3) ................................................................................................... 10 September
Second semester lectures finish ...................................................................................................... 12 October
University end-of-year exams begin ................................................................................................. 17 October
Labour Day (holiday) ........................................................................................................................ 22 October
University end of year exams finish ............................................................................................... 10 November
School graduation function ............................................................................................................. 7 December
University graduation function ........................................................................................................ 8 December

5
 STUDENT SUPPORT CO-ORDINATORS DETAILS

Dr Shakila Rizwan Dr Allan Gamble

Room 421, Fourth Floor, Adams Building Room 420, Fourth Floor, Adams Building

Ph: 479-5410 Ph: 479-7324

Fax: 479-7034 Fax: 479-7034

Email: shakila.rizwan@otago.ac.nz Email: allan.gamble@otago.ac.nz

For urgent matters please contact Pharmacy Reception.

Unless your enquiry is urgent, you should make an appointment to see Dr Rizwan or Dr Gamble so that quality time can
be provided. The Student Support Co-ordinators handle a variety of enquiries from Year 3 students each year, on
topics such as:
 Difficulties (academic) with the year 3 course
 Illness
 Bereavements
 Family worries
 Financial difficulties
 Workload
 Stress
 Impairment advice
 Absence from classes
 Harassment
 Timetable difficulties
In a number of instances, a Student Support Co-ordinator is the best initial contact for being referred to the most
appropriate person to deal with your enquiry. In some circumstances, the Student Support Co-ordinator can also act
as an advocate for you.

If you have a complaint or concern about a particular staff member or paper, you should take it up with the staff
member concerned first. If you do not wish to do this, then discuss the matter with the Dean of the School. All
enquiries are treated confidentially. Complaints or concerns about individual staff members are not dealt with by the
School’s Student/Staff Liaison Meetings, but matters relating to a paper are. The Co-ordinator can offer general
advice but does not normally intervene regarding problems between individual staff and students.

University Study Assistance and Support Services

You should make yourself familiar with the services offered by the Student Learning Centre (located next to the
Central Library in the Information Services Building). The Centre provides study assistance by way of workshops
designed to help students improve their skills and strategies to become more effective and efficient learners. It is
also possible to make individual appointments to discuss study related concerns or receive practical guidance in,
for example, writing an essay, getting started on an assignment or improving time management. Contact details for
the Student Learning Centre are: ph: 479-5786; email: student-learning-centre@otago.ac.nz or web:
http://hedc.otago.ac.nz/hedc/sld.html.

The University also has a number of other support services available. Student Health and Disability Information &
Support Services provide valuable support and assistance. In addition the Māori Centre and the Pacific Islands
Centre offer tutorials and excellent support services to students. Information on these Services can be found at
http://www.otago.ac.nz/studentservices/index.html

6
 KEY UNDERGRADUATE POSITIONS
Director of Undergraduate Taught: Dr Arlene McDowell

Director of Admissions: Associate Professor June Tordoff

Examinations and Assessment Co-ordinator: Dr James Green

 Dr Green is the person to see if you have any assessment or examination issues to discuss.

Student Support Co-ordinators: Dr Shakila Rizwan

Dr Allan Gamble

Disabilities Officer: Dr James Green

Kaiārahi Māori (Māori Student Advisor): Lisa Kremer

Māori Pharmacy Student Clinical Tutor: Lisa Kremer

Pacific Island Student Advisor: Professor Pauline Norris

International Student Advisor: Dr Susan Heydon

P3 Dispensing Co-ordinator: Mrs Kate Farquharson

P3 Paper Co-ordinators
Course Title Co-ordinator
First Semester
PHCY 315 Human Disease Ms Cat Ronayne (Pathology)
PHCY 340 Essentials of Drug Action Dr Morgayn Read (Pharmacology & Toxicology)
PHCY 342 Drug Delivery Systems Dr Arlene McDowell
PHCY 343 Drug Disposition and Pharmacokinetics Dr Greg Walker
PHCY 344 Professional Pharmacy Practice A Dr James Green

Second Semester
PHCY 345 Quality Use of Medicines A Dr Hesham Al-Sallami
PHCY 345 Module Gastrointestinal (GI) Ms Lisa Kremer
PHCY 345 Module Infectious Diseases (IN) Professor Sarah Hook
PHCY 345 Module Cardiovascular - Respiratory (CVR) Dr Hesham Al-Sallami
PHCY 345 Module Endocrine (EN) Dr Ailsa McGregor
PHCY 346 Professional Pharmacy Practice B Mr James Windle

7
 STUDENT TIMETABLE
All Pharmacy students are expected to be available 8am-6pm Monday-Friday during semester time. We arrange
the Pharmacy timetable as much as possible before the start of the teaching year but due to the nature of our
teaching (e.g. we use a lot of outside experts in classes) we often have to move classes.

The School of Pharmacy has developed a web-based timetable to allow all students to see the most up-to-date
version of their timetable. All classes have been given session codes, which are printed in this handbook, the times
for these classes are available from the web timetable. All students should check the web timetable
(www.otago.ac.nz/pharmacy and select Student Timetables from the Quickfind drop-down list) each week for
their timetable for the coming week.

Each class has a session code, lectures are coded by a two digit number only, laboratories are coded with an ‘L’
and a two digit number, e.g. L01, workshops are coded with a ‘W’ and a two digit number, e.g. W02, tutorials are
coded with a ‘T’ and a two digit number, e.g. T03, CAL laboratories are coded with a ‘C’ and a two digit number,
e.g. C04, seminars are coded with a ‘S’ and a two digit number, e.g. S05.

The following rules have been set for the web timetable:
 Timetables are correct at 6 pm each Sunday.
 The timetable for each week is posted on the 6th floor noticeboard, by 8.30am each Monday morning.
 Any changes made after 6 pm Sunday will be emailed to students.
 If any changes are made on the same day (e.g. lecture cancellation due to illness), a text message will be
sent to all students who are listed on the eTXT system.

At the beginning of the year all cellphone numbers are downloaded from eVision. Therefore, if you wish to receive
the messages regarding late timetable changes you must ensure your cellphone number is listed on eVision. If you
do not want to be on the School eTXT list, please email the Undergraduate Administrator and she will remove your
number from the list. Please let the Undergraduate Administrator know if your cellphone number changes during
the year.

NOTE: You will be assigned to a specific group at the start of the semester and must stay in that group
for the whole of the year for all Pharmacy 3 papers.
If you need to attend a workshop or lab other than the one you are scheduled to attend, you must follow
the instructions for requesting a group swap, as outlined in the Student BPharm Handbook. You may not
attend another group’s workshop without permission (which will be granted only if it does not make that
group too big).
You will NOT normally be given permission to attend a laboratory class in a group other than
your own.

8
 TEXTBOOK LIST
Key: H Highly Recommended
R Recommended Reading

PHCY 315 HUMAN DISEASE

Kumar V., Abbas A.K., Aster J.C., Robbins S.L. (2018) Robbins Basic Pathology, 10th Edn, Elsevier/Saunders
(note: available on-line via the library website). H

PHCY 340 ESSENTIALS OF DRUG ACTION

Waller D.G., Renwick A.G. and Hillier K. (2010) Medical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 3rd edn, Elsevier. R

Neal M.J. (2012) Medical Pharmacology at a Glance, 7th edn, Wiley-Blackwell. R

PHCY 342 DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

Aulton M.E. (2007) Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form Design, 3rd edn, Churchill Livingston Elsevier. H

Perrie Y. & Rades T. (2010) Pharmaceutics – Drug Delivery and Targeting, Pharmaceutical Press, London. H

PHCY 343 DRUG DISPOSITION & PHARMACOKINETICS

Rowland, Malcolm and Tozer, Thomas, N., (2010) Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics:
Concepts and Applications, 4th edn. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. H

Sharget, Leon. Yu, Andrew B.C. & Wu-Pong, Susanna. (2012) Applied Biopharmaceutics and
Pharmacokinetics, 6th edn., New York: McGraw-Hill Medical R

PHCY 345 QUALITY USE OF MEDICINES (QUM) A

Lemke T.L. and Williams D.A. (2013) Foye’s Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, 7th edn, Lippincott, Williams &
Wilkins. R

Rutter P.and Newby D (2011) Community Pharmacy: Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd edn, Elsevier.R

Chisholm-Burns, M.A. et al (eds) Pharmacotherapy Principles and Practice, 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill Companies Inc,
USA, 2013 (or later). Available online via the University library. H

Australian Medicines Handbook 2016, Australian Medicines Handbook Pty Ltd: Adelaide R

Rang H.P. et al. (2011) Rang and Dale’s Pharmacology, 7th edn, Churchill Livingston H

(2012) or later The Healthcare Handbook, Pharmacy Today H

9
PHCY 346 PROFESSIONAL PHARMACY PRACTICE B
Pharmacy Law & Healthcare Ethics Required Reading
. Dietary Supplements Regulations 1985
· Medicines Act 1981
· Medicines Regulations 1984
Medicines (Designated Pharmacist Prescribers) Regulations 2013
· Misuse of Drugs Act 1975
· Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1977
· Pharmacy Council Code of Ethics 2011
Ram, S. & Chesney, K. (2014) Pharmacy Law Guidebook, 3rd edn, Thomson Reuters H

10
 COMMONLY USED DRUG LIST INFORMATION

During each module you should develop your own list of commonly used drugs. This list should also contain the
information essential for the safe and appropriate use of each drug using the following table as a guide.

1. Name of the medicinal product.

2. Composition and appearance.

3. Pharmacological properties:

3.1 Mechanism of action and Pharmacodynamic properties

3.2 Pharmacokinetic properties

4. Clinical particulars:

4.1 Therapeutic indications

4.2 Dosage and method of administration
4.3 Contraindications
4.4 Adverse effects
4.5 Special warnings and precautions for use
4.6 Interactions
4.7 Fertility, pregnancy and lactation

5. Pharmaceutical particulars:

5.1 List of key excipients

5.2 Shelf life
5.3 Special precautions for storage including container

11
 ORAL EXAMINATIONS
The three QUM papers each have an oral examination as one of the final exams for the paper.

The aim of the oral examination is to assess your ability to ‘think on your feet’.

You will be assessed on your ability to:

 Communicate effectively in English at appropriate levels (e.g. to patients, doctors, pharmacists or other
colleagues) on matters relating to health and medications.
 Demonstrate an understanding of:
 diseases and conditions studied in this QUM including: the pathophysiology, effects of the disease on the
patient and appropriate drug treatment options;
 monitoring of drug treatment effectiveness;
 ways to minimise potential adverse effects of drug therapies; and
 provide information to the patient to optimise the use of prescribed medicines.
 Provide comprehensive pharmaceutical advice for OTC medicines (including providing advice on general
lifestyle and health promotion issues).
 Demonstrate a working knowledge of the legal requirements relating to the supply of medicines in New
Zealand and the New Zealand Pharmaceutical Schedule.
 Use the computer-based Toniq system to produce quality labels for two items on a prescription.

At the oral examination you will be required to work through a series of THREE stations in 30 minutes. You
are allocated approximately EIGHT minutes per station and time to move between stations (not necessarily in this
order). The timetable will be available prior to the day of the oral examination.

Station 1: Process a Prescription

Station 2: Patient Assessment Role-play
Station 3: Therapeutics

Station 1: Process a Prescription

 You will be assigned your computer and given your prescription containing two non-extemporaneous items.
 You will have to annotate your prescription, satisfying all legal requirements.
 Show all calculations of quantities to dispense and annotate the prescription accordingly.
 Print YOUR OWN two labels for the two items which you are dispensing on the day.
 Stick your labels and any extra CALs in the blank space provided on the prescription form.
 If you are having computer problems, ask for assistance as soon as possible.
 You DO NOT lose marks for computer/software malfunctions that are beyond your control.
 You must complete the two labels on the day of the exam on your own i.e. you CANNOT COPY any previous
labels, either your own or someone else’s.

12
Station 2: Patient Assessment Role-play

Assessment includes differential diagnosis and OTC treatments.

 An actor will be playing the part of the customer.
 You will greet the patient and take the role-play activity on from there. (It will be like the role-plays done in
class).
 You will be assessed on communication skills (verbal and non-verbal), how you gathered the information, your
knowledge of the condition and its management.
 At the end, the examiner may quiz you briefly, to clarify aspects of your role-play if it was not clear why you
did/did not do or say something.
 Blank medicines, boxes, bottles, etc will be available for you to use as props when counselling your “patient”.

Station 3: Therapeutics

You will be given ONE case scenario and approximately EIGHT minutes to discuss it.

Each scenario will contain a clinical case presentation.

You will be expected to tell us about the condition(s) being managed and the treatment used:

• Problems/conditions(s): pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, risk factors, diagnostics and potential
complications
• Options: treatment options, their advantages and disadvantages
• Plans: selection of therapy, and a monitoring and follow-up plan

The scenarios have been written to test your understanding of issues that have been raised during the semester in
Therapeutics workshops. However, some drugs may be included which are from workshops in earlier semesters if
relevant.

13
 BPHARM HONOURS PROGRAMME
Overview

The BPharm (Hons.) is a four year programme in which the fourth year presents a new challenge. As an Honours
candidate, you have taken all papers in the accredited BPharm course in your First, Second and Third Years. In the
Fourth year, you will take four papers among which a major change occurs in PHCY 480 (Honours Research
Project), which starts during the summer holiday period after your Third year. The primary aim of this paper is to
carry out an independent research project (dissertation) under the supervision of a staff member of the School of
Pharmacy. The paper is designed to allow you to develop your research and presentation skills. It is expected that
your research will generate new knowledge to inform Pharmaceutical Science and/or Pharmacy practice.

The main objectives of the Bachelor of Pharmacy Honours degree are:

 To provide additional learning opportunities for our outstanding students who have interest in research
careers.
 To facilitate access for our Pharmacy graduates into the PhD programme of Otago University.
 To provide an avenue for increasing the number of research students.

Entry to eligible students is offered in the third year of the BPharm programme. 1 July to 31 July: eligible P3
students who wish to be considered for the Honours programme will be asked to submit their application to the
Research Administrator. The BPharm Honours programme is a prerequisite entry to the PhD programme giving
students opportunity to experience research.

Further information is outlined in the P4 Student Handbook and on the School website;
http://www.otago.ac.nz/pharmacy/undergraduate/bpharmhons/index.html

Honours Co-ordinator: Dr Shyamal Das

Email: shyamal.das@otago.ac.nz
Telephone: 479 4262
Room: 616

Administrator: Denise Botting

Email: pharmacy.research@otago.ac.nz
Telephone: 479 7271
Room: 709

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 COURSE OUTLINES

PHCY 315 HUMAN DISEASE

Duration: Semester 1
Points: 12
Paper Co-ordinator: Ms Cat Ronayne
Department of Pathology
Email: cat.ronayne@otago.ac.nz
Course Administrator: Justine Farquhar
Room G08, Ground Floor, Hercus Building
Email: justine.farquhar@otago.ac.nz Ph: 479 7441

Course email: pops.path@otago.ac.nz

A. Prescription:
The pathological basis of disease: necrosis, acute and chronic inflammation, immune responses and disorders,
healing, neoplasia, haemorrhage, thrombosis, and diseases of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, respiratory,
neurological and musculoskeletal systems.

B. Learning Aims and Objectives:

Generic
The aim of PHCY 315 is to transmit a solid understanding of the aetiology, the pathogenesis, morphologic changes
and clinical significance of human diseases relevant to the practice of Pharmacy.

Specific
By the end of this module, the students will:
 Understand the causes and features of cell death and have an overview of its clinico-physiological
repercussions.
 Recognise the causes and features of the acute and chronic inflammatory responses and their
pathophysiological importance.
 Understand how tissues heal and the consequences of scarring.
 Have an overview of the normal and abnormal immunological response.
 Understand the factors that lead to atheroma formation and the pathophysiological consequences of
atherosclerosis.
 Understand oncogenesis and the effects of neoplasia.

 Have an overview of the most common diseases of the blood, heart, endocrine system, bronchi and lungs,
gastrointestinal tract, kidney, liver, bone, joints and brain.

15
C. Workload Expectations:

Hours Derivation
Lectures 34 Approx 3 per week for 12 weeks
Tutorials 24 1 x 2 hr tutorial per week for 12 weeks
Subtotal 58

Non-Contact Hours
92
(for average student)

Total Number of Hours 150

D. Assessment Procedures and Submission Dates:

(i) In-course Assessment
Percentage Contribution to
Type of Task No. of Tasks Date
Final Grade
Tutorial Assessments 12 10% (take best 10 of 12) Weekly, via Blackboard
after tutorials

Thursday 26 April
Mid-semester exam 1 35%
6.30 - 8.00 pm

(ii) Final Examination

Type Duration Percentage Contribution to Final Grade
MCQ 3 hr 55%

(iii) A pass grade will be achieved by:

Passing the final examination with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% or greater.

16
PHCY 340 ESSENTIALS OF DRUG ACTION
Duration: Semester 1
Points: 12

Paper Co-ordinator: Dr Morgayn Read

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology
Email: morgayn.read@otago.ac.nz

A. Prescription:
Principles of general pharmacology and medicinal chemistry, including pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
with particular reference to drugs affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory and central nervous system, as required
for later studies in Pharmacy.

B. Learning Aims and Objectives:

Generic
The aim of this paper is to introduce and expand on the principles of Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry
required for later study in the BPharm degree.

Specific
This course covers the following areas:
 The basic principles of Pharmacology, including measurement of drug effects, drug receptors and
pharmacokinetics.
 The pharmacology of the chemical mediators of the autonomic nervous system (cholinergics and
adrenergics) as well as other chemical mediators (e.g. 5-HT, dopamine, nitric oxide etc).
 Cardiovascular pharmacology, including vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, lipid-lowering drugs and drugs used
to treat arrhythmias, heart failure, coagulation disorders and renal conditions.
 Central nervous system pharmacology, including sedative hypnotics, ethanol, anaesthetics, analgesics and
drug dependence.
 The pharmacology of pain, inflammation and allergy.
 The link between Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry.
 The pharmacokinetics and structure activity relationships in steroid hormones and drugs affecting the
central nervous system.

17
C. Workload Expectations:

Hours Derivation
Lectures 35 35 Lectures: 3 per week (approx.) for 12 weeks
Laboratories 15 5 Practicals: 1 x 3 hr (approx.) per fortnight
Subtotal 50

Non-Contact Hours
95
(for average student)

Total Number of Hours 150

D. Assessment Procedures and Submission Dates:

i) In-course Assessment
Percentage
Number of
Type of Task Contribution to Submission Date
Tasks
Final Grade
Formative feedback during practical 5 practical
Nil N/A
classes sessions
Drug Assignment 1 15% 2pm, Friday 11 May
Mid-Semester Test (MCQ) 1 15% Thursday 12 April

ii) Final Examination

Duration Percentage Contribution to Final Grade

3 hr (MCQ & Short Answer) 70%

iii) A pass grade will be achieved by:

Passing the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% or greater.

18
PHCY 342 DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS
Duration: Semester 1
Points: 12

Paper Co-ordinator: Dr Arlene McDowell

A. Prescription:
Physiological considerations and physicochemical principles underlying drug delivery and delivery system design,
particularly related to parenteral, oral, transdermal, pulmonary, ocular, nasal, buccal and veterinary delivery.
B. Learning Aims and Objectives:
Generic
The aim of this paper is to introduce students to the physiological, factors and physiochemical properties of the drug
and delivery system that influence drug release and absorption. The paper will help students develop skills in the
areas of critical thinking, problem solving, working with colleagues, practical skills and good laboratory practice.
Specific
By the end of this paper, students will be able to:
 Describe how the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of an organ/route (parenteral, oral, transdermal,
ocular, pulmonary, nasal and buccal) can influence delivery of a bioactive.
 Explain how the chemical structure and physical properties of a bioactive can influence absorption following
administration via the various routes.
 Determine how a delivery system can be formulated to enable control and optimise delivery of bioactives.
 Understand the different requirements for delivery of small and macromolecular bioactives.
 Appreciate the application and limitations of the various routes of drug delivery and drug delivery systems.
 Integrate the knowledge acquired in the various science-based papers taught in the second year of the
curriculum (Biopharmaceutical Chemistry A and B, Physical Pharmacy A and B, Biochemistry, Microbiology and
Physiology).
 Continue to develop analytical laboratory skills.
 Communicate knowledge in an appropriate scientific manner.

19
C. Workload Expectations:

Hours Derivation
Lectures 32 32 x 1 hr lectures
Laboratories 15 1 x 3 hr laboratories, fortnightly for 10 weeks

Tutorial 1 1 x 1 hr tutorial

Subtotal 48

Non-Contact Hours
102
(for average student)

Total Number of Hours 150

D. Assessment Procedures and Submission Dates:

i) In-course Assessment
Percentage
Type of Task Number of Tasks Contribution to Final Submission Date
Grade
At end of laboratory
Laboratory manuals
4 20% classes for laboratories
and questions
2-5

ii) Final Examination

Duration Percentage Contribution to Final Grade

3 hr 80%

iii) A pass grade will be achieved by:

Passing the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% or greater.

20
PHCY 343 DRUG DISPOSITION & PHARMACOKINETICS
Duration: Semester 1
Points: 12

Paper Co-ordinator: Dr Greg Walker

A. Prescription:
Drug disposition and pharmacokinetics principles, pharmacokinetics and dose regimen optimisation; factors
responsible for inter- and intra-subject variation in pharmacokinetics.

B. Learning Aims and Objectives:

Generic
This paper is designed to introduce the student to the principles of pharmacokinetics, to the factors influencing inter-
and intra-subject variability and to the techniques by which pharmacokinetics may be applied to optimise drug
dosing. The laboratories and workshops seek to introduce students to the methodology of in vitro and in vivo
experimentation, data analysis and interpretation. Emphasis is placed on the fundamentals of good experimental
design and on scientific writing in the laboratories. Evaluation of pharmacokinetic literature is an important
component of the workshops.
Specific
After successfully completing this paper, students should be able to:
 Describe and discuss techniques by which drug disposition and pharmacokinetics may be investigated.
 Describe and discuss drug and patient factors which influence pharmacokinetic profiles and parameters (the
patient factors include age, genetics, pregnancy, disease, diet and other drugs) and the importance of these for
therapeutic outcomes.
 Outline the factors influencing drug bioavailability and be able to discuss issues related to lack of bioequivalence
of oral dose forms and to discuss the effect of food and dietary components on oral bioavailability. Discuss
techniques used to establish bioequivalence and controversies concerning these procedures; discuss
advantages and disadvantages of dissolution bio waivers.
 Be able to simulate plasma concentration-time profiles from single dose and multi-dose administration.
 Describe techniques by which known or estimated parameters of drugs can be used to optimise dose regimens
or to assist in the development of alternative drug delivery systems.
 Outline the implications of pharmacokinetic profiles for therapeutic drug monitoring procedures and
interpretation.
 Carry out simple laboratory projects, with attention to experimental design and data analysis and prepare
scientific reports relating to these.
 Make simple pharmacokinetic calculations and dose regimen determinations.
 Be able to evaluate pharmacokinetic literature.

21
C. Workload Expectations:

Hours Derivation
Lectures 30 30 x 1 hr lectures
Laboratories 9 1 x 3 hr laboratory, fortnightly for 6 weeks
Tutorials 3 2 x 1½hr tutorials
Workshops 4 2 x 2 hr workshops
Subtotal 46

Non-Contact Hours
104
(for average student)

Total Number of Hours 150

D. Assessment Procedures and Submission Dates:

i) In-course Assessment
Number of Percentage Contribution to
Type of Task Submission Date
Tasks Final Grade
Laboratory reports To be advised at laboratories and
3 30%
(labs 1, 2 & 3) on Blackboard

ii) Final Examination

Duration Percentage Contribution to Final Grade

3 hr 70%

iii) A pass grade will be achieved by:

Passing the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% or greater.

22
PHCY 344 PROFESSIONAL PHARMACY PRACTICE A
Duration: Semester 1
Points: 12

Paper Co-ordinator: Dr James Green

A. Prescription:
Sociological underpinnings of professional practice, including cultural awareness, health/illness, concordance,
internationalisation; and professional areas of practice.
B. Learning Aims and Objectives:
Generic
The overall aim of this paper is to introduce the student to the professional practice of pharmacy. The paper will help
the student develop skills in the area of critical thinking, communication and working with colleagues, communication
and working with members of the public, information retrieval, evaluation and dissemination and critical appraisal of
research proposals and reports.
Specific
By the end of this paper, students should be able to:

Social Pharmacy
 Understand the process of behaviour change, including interventions to improve the use of medicines on the
individual and group level.
 Discuss the factors which are important in influencing patient compliance and the ways in which community
pharmacists can improve medication compliance.
 Understand the importance of cultural understandings of health, illness and medicines, and the use of
traditional and alternative medicine.
 Discuss the different roles and activities of community pharmacists and the factors that have led to the types of
pharmacies found in different parts of the world.
 Discuss issues in the provision of healthcare and medicines in developing countries.

Medicines Information
 Understand the principles of medicines information including searching and evaluating the literature.
 Analyse information requests and provide valued and relevant advice on drug therapy.

Communication
 Appreciate what is involved in the communication process and its implications for interactions with different
types of people.
 Have a greater awareness of self and others through peer and tutor interaction, feedback and evaluation.

Dispensing Practical Classes

 Systematically approach dispensing procedures including legality and safety of prescription, compounding,
labelling, packaging, checking of extemporaneous preparation and communication with patients and prescribers.

23
C. Workload Expectations:

Hours Derivation
Lectures 28 Approximately 2 per week for 12 weeks (& 2 dispensing lectures)
Seminars and Workshops 25 5 x 2 hr seminars, 5 x 3 hr workshops
Laboratories 18 12 x 1.5 hr laboratories per week
Subtotal 71

Non-Contact Hours
79
(for average student)

Total Number of Hours 150

D. Assessment Procedures and Submission Dates:

(i) In-course Assessment
Percentage
Type of Task No. of Tasks Contribution Submission Date
to Final Grade
Social pharmacy - individual 1 20% Friday 4 May
Medicines information 1 10% Monday 21 May
During laboratory
Dispensing pre-lab quizzes 8 5%
sessions 2-4 & 6-10
During laboratory
Competency assessments 2 10%
sessions 5 & 11
Communication (peer evaluation) 1 Pass/fail Friday 23 March
Communication (small group work) 1 Pass/fail In workshop 3
Communication Practical Assessment 1 10% In workshop 4

Smoking Cessation IPE 1 5% TBA

(ii) Final Examination – written

Percentage Contribution to Final
Content Duration
Grade
Social Pharmacy (SP) 33%
1.5 hr
(90 min)
Dispensing 7%

(iii) Final Examination – practical

Percentage Contribution to Final
Content Duration
Grade
Practical Dispensing (2 x competency
2 x 1.25 hr 6%
assessments)

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(iv) A pass will be achieved in this paper by:
 Passing the TWO dispensing competency assessments.
 Passing the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% or greater.

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Generic Aims and Objectives of Quality Use of Medicines
(QUM) Papers
Generic
Students undertaking these papers will develop skills that will enable them to:
 Identify and solve problems.
 Develop a reflective attitude.
 Assess, integrate and use information from a wide variety of sources.
 Communicate clearly with patients, health professionals and the general public.
 Take initiatives and be self-directed.
 Work effectively in teams as well as individually.
 Adapt easily to change/cope with ambiguity.
 Make decisions and accept responsibility for them.

Knowledge-based skills

Students undertaking these papers will develop skills that will enable them to:
 Describe the structure and function of body systems.
 Describe several pathological conditions of body systems.
 Discuss the drugs used to treat these conditions from pharmacological, pharmacokinetic, structure activity,
formulation, economic and behavioural perspectives.
 Recommend the most appropriate medicine for an individual patient to achieve a defined therapeutic objective,
recognising risk factors for individual patients and populations.
 Describe the pharmaceutical and legal requirements for appropriate quality assurance, (storage, control,
dispensing and distribution of particular medicines).
 Describe the counselling and pharmaceutical care of the patient to maximise the quality use of the treatment
selected.

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PHCY 345 QUALITY USE OF MEDICINES A
Duration: Semester 2
Points: 50

Paper Co-ordinator: Dr Hesham Al-Sallami

A. Prescription:
Drug, disease and patient factors involved in the pharmacotherapeutic management of infections, gastrointestinal,
cardiovascular, respiratory and endocrine disorders.

B. Introduction:
The overriding aim of the School of Pharmacy is to produce graduates who are able to acquire, integrate and use all
of the information they will need to care for the patients they will encounter in their professional environments. In
order to achieve this, the School has recently revised its curriculum. The first part of its three year in-School
programme lays the foundations of knowledge, the second enables students to expand and integrate this
knowledge, chiefly through the three large integrating papers, generically entitled Quality Use of Medicines (QUMs),
of which this is the first. Each QUM consists of a series of modules that will focus on either the treatment of
disorders of specific body systems or on an integrating, holistic approach to the treatment of medical problems. In
each module, the emphasis will be on the integration of all aspects of the problem or disease state and its drug (and
non-drug) treatments, in the context of the individual patient and, where appropriate, the population as a whole. In
this way, the QUMs will integrate the pharmaceutical, clinical and social sciences relevant to each case and enable
students to develop the skills that they will need to identify and solve problems in a range of different health-related
situations.

Each QUM introduces and integrates material from a number of different specialities such as pharmacology, clinical
pharmacy, community pharmacy practice and medicinal chemistry, to name just a few. The emphasis in an
individual module will vary according to the nature of the condition(s) under investigation. Some, for example, may
lend themselves to a detailed investigation of the structure-activity relationships within a group of therapeutically
useful drugs. Others may contain very little of this type of medicinal chemistry. Some require intensive tuition in the
specific communication skills required to promote and maintain the health of patients. Others will contain very little of
this patient-focussed approach.
.

27
C. Intended Learning Outcome:
To identify the components of a care plan.

Pharmaceutical care plans are individualised/patient-focused treatment strategies developed by Clinical

Pharmacists.

A care plan involves the following processes:

- Assessment of the patient

- Formulation of a treatment option
- Enacting this treatment option
- Monitoring the patient’s outcomes
- Reflection on outcomes

Return to “assessment of the patient” and continue the cycle.

D. Structure of Paper:
QUM A consists of FOUR modules:

1. Gastrointestinal disorders (GI)

2. Infectious diseases (IN)
3. Cardiovascular disorders – Respiratory (CVR)
4. Endocrine disorders (EN)

E. Staffing of Paper:
Each module is co-ordinated by a different member of the School of Pharmacy academic staff and is taught by a
team of people from Pharmacy and other departments within and outside the University.

F. Timetable of Paper:
Details of dates, times, locations etc of all lectures, workshops, laboratories and other activities are summarised in
each Module course-book as well as being available from the Student Timetables link on the Quickfind menu on the
School of Pharmacy website. Please be aware that, while your individual timetable may appear to have relatively
few contact teaching hours (usually about one third of the total expected workload for each module), you will be
expected (required!) to undertake a lot of work on your own, in the non-contact hours. You will not be able to cope
with the expectations of the paper as a whole if you do not put in this time.

G. Assessment of Paper:

Type of Assessment Description Percentage Contribution

In-course Assessment See individual module outlines 40%
Examination (40 min) Oral 10%
Examination A (2 hr) MCQ/Short Answer 20%
Examination B (3 hr) Essays/Expanded Questions 30%

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 To pass this paper you must achieve passes in ALL FOUR assessments:

In-course:  20% (out of a possible 40%)

Oral  5% (out of a possible 10%)
Examination A  10% (out of a possible 20%)
Examination B  15% (out of a possible 30%)

A pass grade will be achieved by: passing each of the final exams with a mark of 50% or greater AND an
overall mark of 50% or greater.

Assignment details are included in this Student Handbook and in the course-books provided for each module.

29
 PHCY 345 MODULE 1: GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS (GI)

Module Co-ordinator: Ms Lisa Kremer

A. Learning Objectives:
By the end of this module, students will be able to:
 Explain the pathophysiology and presentation of common conditions of the gastrointestinal system: (dyspepsia,
gastric reflux, travel sickness, gastroenteritis, constipation, haemorrhoids, peptic ulcer, irritable bowel syndrome
and inflammatory bowel disease (Ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease).
 Explain the treatment goals for these conditions and the appropriateness of drug and non-drug treatment.
 Evaluate, where relevant, the pharmacological, chemical and physicochemical properties, and mechanisms for
medication delivery of prescription and non-prescription medicines for these conditions.
 Advise on stability, storage/disposal and toxicological issues relating to these medicines.
 Make therapeutic recommendations for patients with common gastrointestinal disorders.
 Communicate treatment recommendations to the patient and/or prescriber, as appropriate.
 Recommend appropriate outcome measures and monitoring parameters for resolution or control of these
conditions.
 Assess the patient’s need for appropriate over-the counter (OTC) products or referral to a doctor.
 Learn how to construct scenarios as role-plays to present to the class as a means of demonstrating your
understanding of the subject matter.
 Critique a primary literature article on pharmacokinetics and present in a group of 3-4 students.

B. Total Student Workload during this Module:

Contact time (Lectures 12 hr, Workshops 21 hr) 33 hr

Preparation and additional private study 71 hr
Total 104 hr

C. Assessment:

Task Percentage Date

Presentations 10% In Workshop GIW05 Thursday 19 / Friday 20 July

30
PHCY 345 MODULE 2: INFECTIOUS DISEASES (IN)

Module Co-ordinator: Professor Sarah Hook

A. Learning Objectives:
By the end of this module, students will be able to:
 Explain the pathophysiology and clinical presentation of selected infections, including tuberculosis, pneumonia,
malaria, meningitis and common childhood eye, ear and mouth infections.
 Explain the treatment goals for these infections and evaluate the appropriateness of drug and non-drug
treatments for individual patients.
 Assess the patient’s need for appropriate over-the counter (OTC) products or referral to a doctor.
 Make recommendations on choice of medicine and dosing regimens for patients with common infections.
 Recommend appropriate outcome measures and monitoring parameters for resolution or control of these
conditions.
 Communicate treatment recommendations to the patient and/or prescriber, as appropriate.
 Evaluate, where relevant, the pharmacological, chemical and physicochemical properties, and mechanisms for
medication delivery of prescription and non-prescription medicines for the treatment and prevention of the
selected infectious conditions.
 Explain the biological and societal basis of antimicrobial therapy resistance.
 Discuss the epidemiology of infectious diseases in New Zealand.
 Explain and evaluate the processes involved in vaccination and vaccine development.
 Evaluate and communicate the risk and benefits of vaccination for prevention of selected infectious conditions.
 Understand the principles behind aseptic manipulations and be able to perform basic aseptic manipulations and
calculations.
 Learn how to construct scenarios as role-plays to present to the class as a means of demonstrating your
understanding of the subject matter.

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B. Self-Directed Learning Workload:

Assignment Hours Content

Medicinal Chemistry 25 hr TBC
Total 25 hr

C. Student workload:

Contact time (lectures 20 hr, workshops 17 hr, laboratories 2 hr) 39 hr

Preparation/Revision 91.5 hr
Assignment 25 hr
Total 155.5 hr

D. Assessment:

Type Percentage Due Date

Integrated Assignment 10% 9 August

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PHCY 345 MODULE 3: CARDIOVASCULAR - RESPIRATORY
(CVR)

Module Co-ordinators: Dr Hesham Al-Sallami

A. Learning Objectives:
By the end of this module, students will be able to:
 Understand the physiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
 Understand the pathophysiology and presentation of conditions of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
 Describe, where relevant, the pharmacological, chemical and physicochemical properties of prescription, non-
prescription, and complementary treatment options for these conditions.
 Describe appropriate outcome measures and monitoring parameters for resolution or control of these
conditions.
 Apply a patient-centred approach to managing these conditions.
 Advise on self-care measures in patient management.
 Communicate these recommendations to the patient and/or prescriber, as appropriate.
 Discuss the mechanisms for medication delivery involved in the treatment of cardiovascular and respiratory
disorders.

B. Total Student Workload:

Contact time (lectures 27 hr, workshops 30 hr, laboratories 5 hr) 62 hr
Preparation and additional private study 160 hr
Total 222 hr

C. Assessment:

Type Percentage Date

MCQ Test 10% 21 September

Presentation 10% 26 & 27 September

33
PHCY 345 MODULE 4: ENDOCRINE DISORDERS (EN)
Module Co-ordinator: Dr Ailsa McGregor

A. Learning Objectives:
By the end of this module, students will be able to:
 Understand the pathophysiology of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the thyroid and the pancreas
and recognise the following conditions involving their malfunction: diabetes, hypo and hyperthyroidism,
Addison’s disease and Cushing’s disease.

 Describe the pharmacological and physicochemical properties of prescription and non-prescription drugs and
complementary options for treating the above conditions.

 Apply knowledge of the above to recommend optimal management strategies for patients.

B. Total Student Workload:

Contact time (lectures 14 hr, workshops 14 hr) 28 hr

Preparation and other private study 76 hr
Total 104 hr

34
PHCY 346 PROFESSIONAL PHARMACY PRACTICE B
Duration: Semester 2
Points: 10

Paper Co-ordinator: Mr James Windle

A. Prescription:
Application to pharmacy practice of the key provisions of laws specifically pertaining to pharmacy; bioethical
principles relevant to the healthcare environment of the profession; principles of economic evaluation in healthcare
and personnel management in pharmacy practice; application of these principles to pharmacy practice.

B. Learning Aims and Objectives:

Generic
The Pharmacy Law & Healthcare Ethics portion of this paper is intended to provide continuing education in the legal
framework within which pharmacy practice is undertaken and in the analysis of ethical issues in pharmacy practice,
thus expanding the information and understanding acquired in PHCY 263 and preparatory to the final year in this
subject.
The management portion of this paper is intended to provide students with introductory knowledge into human
resource management, including employment regulations and staff retention.
The healthcare economic evaluation section will provide students with an opportunity to understand and critically
appraise economic arguments proposed to support healthcare intervention, e.g. new drugs or professional service
developments.
The pharmacy placement will provide students with an opportunity to experience pharmacy practice in what will be
for most of them a novel environment within a rural or provincial locality.
Specific
By the end of this module, students will be able to:
 Understand and apply the key provisions of Medicines Act 1981, Medicines Regulations 1984, Misuse of Drugs
Act 1975, Misuse of Drugs Regulations 1977, Dietary Supplements Regulations 1985, Medicines (Designated
Pharmacist Prescribers) Regulations 2013, and the Pharmacy Council Code of Ethics 2011 that govern the
practice of pharmacy in New Zealand to a wide range of situations that might occur in the everyday working
environment.
 Discuss fundamental bioethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice in relation to
the healthcare environment of the profession and have acquired some familiarity with the implications of other
approaches to bioethics for selected contemporary issues.
 Understand the process of economic evaluation and consider the implications of financial decision making
around healthcare.
 Understand the use and application of pharmacoeconomics within the pharmaceutical industry and government
health organisations.
 Understand socioeconomic constraints on health care access, delivery and outcomes.
 Understand the regulatory environment for managing people as well as issues associated with employee
retention.
 Describe the importance of cultural understandings of health, illness and medicines, cultural practices, and the
use of traditional and alternative medicine.

35
 Describe factors that contribute to Māori health and Māori health outcomes including major determinants of
health.
 Identify how Māori culture and cultural practices affect health-related behaviour and interactions with the
health system.
 Describe Māori models of health and discuss how these models may be applied when working with Māori
individuals, whānau and communities.
 Actively participate in cultural practices associated with marae and be able to describe the role of the marae in
health and wellbeing of Māori.
 Describe the working environment of a rural/provincial community pharmacy, with particular respect to its
staffing structures and responsibilities; patient clientele and professional interactions between pharmacy staff
and its customers.
 Demonstrate pharmacy practice and advice skills within a particular New Zealand rural/provincial setting.

C. Workload Expectations:

Hours Derivation
Lectures 20 1 or 2 per week for 12 weeks
Workshops 22 11 workshops during semester + 1 Marae visit
Placement 35 On-site observation, annotating and practice
Subtotal 77

Non-Contact Hours
48
(for average student)

Total Number of Hours 125

NOTE: Community Placement

Each student will be allocated to a rural/provincial community pharmacy for their placement
experience. Students will be given the opportunity to identify their preferred placement before the end
of Semester 1 (the ballot for places being conducted in the same manner as will be the hospital
placements later in semester 2). Although the School will assist with the identification of inexpensive
accommodation, students should be aware that the cost of this, and travel to the placement site, will be
their responsibility. Please do not make travel bookings for your placement (both the Rural and
Hospital placements), until it has been finalised with the school.
Placement dates:
EITHER the week beginning 27 August OR the week beginning 3 September.

36
D. Assessment Procedures (provisional) and Submission Dates:
(i) In-course Assessment: contributes 30% to final grade
Percentage
Type of Task No. of Tasks Contribution to Final Submission Date
Grade
Placement logbook 1 10% Tuesday 11 September
Pharmacy Law – individual checkouts 3 9% During law workshops
Hauora Māori
1 Nil (competence only) TBA
 Presentation of mihimihi/pepeha
1 Nil (competence only) TBA
 Reflective writing exercise (brief)

(ii) Final examination: contributes 70% to final grade

Content Duration Percentage Contribution to Final Grade

Pharmacy law 20%
Healthcare ethics 13%
3 hr
Management 18%
Healthcare economic evaluation 19%
(iii) A pass grade will be achieved by:
 Passing the final exam with a mark of 50% or greater AND an overall mark of 50% or greater.
 Satisfactory completion of the placement components to this paper.
 Satisfactory completion of the cultural competency components of this paper.

37