Questions and Answers VIROLOGY
1. What is a virion? A
A. Nucleic acid and surrounding protein shell.
B. Major protein component of the shell of the core.
C. Single virus particle.
D. Membrane surrounding virus core.
2. What is the core? A.
A. Nucleic acid and surrounding protein shell.
B. Major protein component of the shell of the core.
C. Single virus particle.
D. Membrane surrounding virus core.
3. What is a capsid?
A. Nucleic acid and surrounding protein shell.
B. Single virus particle.
C. Major protein component of the shell of the core.
D. Membrane surrounding virus core.
4. What is the envelope?
A. Nucleic acid and surrounding protein shell.
B. Major protein component of the shell of the core.
C. Single virus particle.
D. Membrane surrounding virus core.
5. Viruses can survive outside of the cell.
A. True
B. False
6. Which of the following is (are) true concerning
viruses?
A. May contain DNA as the genetic material.
B. May contain RNA as the genetic material.
C. Protein shell has an envelope.
D. Protein shell does not have an envelope.
E. They are the smallest of all self-replicating
organisms.
7. Viruses can use which of the following as hosts?
A. Bacteria
B. Food
C. Protozoa
D. Plants
E. Animals
F. Algae
G. Fungi
H. Molds
8. Viruses can replicate in the:
A. Cytoplasm
B. Nucleus
C. Both cytoplasm and nucleus.
9. Viruses can result in acute death of the host.
A. True
B. False
10. Match the following terms with the definitions
below: Host Range, Susceptibility.1. The capacity of a
cell, tissue, or species to support virus replication -
qualitatative measurement - number of receptor
molecules and ability of host cell to support virus
replciation.2. The cells, tissues, species that a virus
can productively infect - absolute measurement -
determined by receptor availability for virus
binding/entry and presence of intracellular cell
factors to support virus replication.
A.
Host Range = 1, Susceptibility = 2.
B.
Susceptibility = 1, Host Range = 2.
C.
The definitions provided do not match the terms
given.
11. The capsid provides protection against:
A. Variations in light.
B. Variations in pH.
C. Variations in temperature.
D. Chemicial composition of the environment.
E. Antibody binding.
12. The virus' structure is a:
A. Dodecahedron.
B. Icosahedron.
C. Square.
D. Tetrakaidecagon.
E. Tetradecagon.
13. The viral envelope can protect against:
A. Chemicals.
B. Changes in pH.
C. Changes in temperature.
D. Changes in light.
E. Enzymes.
14. How do most viruses acquire
membranes/envelopes?
A. By the host cell phagocytizing the virus.
B. By generating it themselves.
C. Through glycosylation.
D. By budding through a host cell membrane.
15. Which of the following is true regarding virus
binding?
A. Requires specific protein receptors.
B. Requires specific lipids.
C. Requires specific carbohydrates.
D. Requires specific vitamins.
E. May limit host-cell range AND susceptibility.
F. May limit host-cell range but NOT susceptibility.
16. Which type of virus fusion/entry is defined as:
internalized into endosome - pH changes causes
conformation change in envelope proetin and fusion
with endosomal membrane and release into cytosol?
17. What are the possible mechanisms for virus
fusion/entry into the host cell?
A. Phagocytosis.
B. Endocytosis.
C. Fusion with nuclear membrane.
D. Penetration through plasma membrane.
E. Fusion with plasma membrane.
18. Enveloped viruses may enter the host cell
through:
A. Fusion with plasma membrane.
B. Penetration through plasma membrane.
19. Non-enveloped viruses may enter the host cell
through:
A. Fusion with plasma membrane.
B. Penetration through plasma membrane.
20. Replication of RNA viruses typically occurs in the:
A. Nucleus
B. Golgi
C. ER
D. Cytoplasm
21. What enzyme is used in the replication of
progeny genomic RNA molecules?
A. Viral specific RNA ligase
B. Viral specific RNA polymerase
C. Bacterial specific RNA polymerase
D. Bacterial specific DNA ligase
22. Replication of DNA viruses typically occurs in the:
A. Golgi
B. Cytoplasm
C. Nucles
D. ER
23. For enveloped viruses, assembly typically occurs
at the site of replication.
A. True
B. False
24. What are the ways the virus undergoes
budding/release?
A. Lysis.
B. Endocytosis.
C. Budding out of plasma membrane.
D. Fusion with nuclear membrane.
E. Exocytosis.
25. The majority of viruses are life-threatening.
A. True
B. False
26. Match the following types of persistent
infections with the definitions below: Chronic
infections, latent infections.1. Virus is detectable in
tissue samples, multiplying at a slow rate; symptoms
mild or absent.2. After a lytic cycle, virus enters a
dormant phase; generally not detectable, no
symptoms; can reactivate and result in recurrent
infections.
A. Chronic infections = 1, Latent infections = 2.
B. Latent infections = 1. Chronic infectionsC.
The definitions given do not match the terms given.
27. What is the best target for the treatment of viral
diseases?
A. Infected animals.
B. Unique viral enzymes.
C. Unique viral DNA.
D. Infected host sells.
28. Which of the following are unique viral enzymes
that are targeted for treatment?
A. Interferons.
B. Reverse transcriptases.
C. Kinases.
D. Polyglycols.
29. Which of the following is true regarding
Ribavirin?
A. Synthetic nucleoside of guanosine.
B. Approved in US for respiratory syncytial virus
(RSV) and in combination with alpha-interferon for
hepatitis C virus (HCV)
C. Has only one, specific mechanism of action.
D. Has in vitro activity against a broad range of both
RNA and DNA viruses
30. Single Stranded, enveloped DNA viruses cause
infections in humans.
A. True
B. False
31. Which of the following is not an enveloped DNA 40. Which HSV-1 produces fever blisters, cold sores
virus? and is the most common recurrent HSV-1 infection
A. Herpes viruses A. Herpes labialis
B. Pox viruses B. Herpetic gingivostomatitis
C. Hepadnaviruses C. Herpetic keratitis
D. Adenoviruses
41. Which treatment option is specifically activated
32. Poxviruses replicate by HSV induced thymidine kinase enzyme
A. On a plasmid A. Acyclovir
B. In the Cytoplasm B. Famciclovir
C. Within the nucleus C. Penciclovir
D. Valacyclovir
33. Which of the following has the largest genome E. Topical medications
of all human viruses
A. Poxvirus 42. Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV) is transmitted by
B. Herpesvirus A. Respiratory droplets
C. Hepadnavirus B. Oral-fecal route
D. Adenovirus C. Direct contact
D. Sexual transmission
34. Which of the following small poxes is most
viruletn 43. Cytomegalovirus – CMV is transmitted via
A. Variola major A. Saliva
B. Variola minor B. Respiratory mucus
C. Neither they have the same virulency C. Cervical secretions
D. breast milk
35. Humans are susceptible to monkeypox, E. Urine
mousepox, and cowpox F. Semen
A. True
B. False 44. Transmission of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) can be
direct, oral contact and contamination with saliva
36. Herpesviruses replicates A. True
A. In the cytoplasm B. False
B. Within the nucleus
C. In a plasmid 45. By mid-life, 90-95% of all people are infected
with Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
37. Herpesviruses are large enveloped icosahedral A. True
dsDNA B. False
A. True
B. False 46. Over 70% of MS patients show signs of which
infection
38. Which of the following is not a herpesvirus? A. HSV-1
A. Herpes simplex 1 B. HSV-2
B. Herpes simplex 2 C. EBV
C. Adenovirus D. HHV-6
D. Varicella zoster virus E. HHV-7
E. Epstein-Barr virus
F. Roseola 47. Hep A, B and C are all RNA viruses.
A. True
39. HSV-2 can only be spread when lesions are B. False
visible.
A. True 48. HBV has an unusual genome containing both
B. False double- and single-stranded DNA
A. True
B. False B. False.
59. Which of the following is (are) true concerning
49. The Adenoviruses are spread by viruses?
A. Respiratory secretions
B. Sexual contact
May contain DNA as the genetic material.
C. Ocular secretions
D. Fecal-oral
May contain RNA as the genetic material.
50. All HPV types increase risk for developing
reproductive cancer
Protein shell has an envelope.
A. True
B. False
Protein shell does not have an envelope.
51. Parvoviruses only cause disease in animals.
They are the smallest of all self-replicating organisms
A. True
B. False 60. How do most viruses acquire
membranes/envelopes?
52. The virus that causes influenza is a DNA virus.
A. True
B. False By the host cell phagocytizing the virus.

53. Which Influenza Envelope Proteins facilitate By generating it themselves.

binding to host cells and fusion
A. Hemagglutinin (H)
B. Neuraminidase (N) Through glycosylation.
C. M2
/By budding through a host cell membrane
54. Which Influenza Envelope Proteins assist in viral
budding and release 61. Which of the following are unique viral enzymes
A. Hemagglutinin (H) that are targeted for treatment?
B. Neuraminidase (N)
C. M2
Interferons.
55. Which type of influenza only undergoes antigenic
drift and is not known to undergo antigenic shift Reverse transcriptases.
A. A
B. B
C. C Kinases.

56. Antigenic SHIFT in Influenza A is what causes the Polyglycols.

new seasonal strains we see most years
A. True 62. Which of the following is not true regarding
B. False viruses? C

57. Antigenic SHIFT (recombination of whole genes A. May be DNA, RNA, Single, or Double-stranded
or DNA segments) is what causes pandemics with B. All are obligate intracellular parasites
Influenza A C. All have a protein capsid and envelope
A. True D. Release virions during cell lysis or budding
B. False E. All are true
58. Orthomyovirus (RNA virus that causes
influenza)replication occurs in the cytoplasm. 63.
A. True
What type of immunity is most responsible for D. Viremia
fighting viral infections? B E. All
A. Humoral Immunity
B. Cell-Mediated Immunity 70.Adenoviidae, Poxviridae, and Herpesviridae are: C
C. Innate Immunity A. Single-stranded DNA virus
D. All B. Single-stranded RNA virus
C. Double-stranded DNA
64. How are viruses different from bacteria? A and B D. Double-stranded RNA
A. Viruses do not replicate by binary fission E. Mixed-stranded DNA
B. Viruses are smaller
C. Viruses are obligate intracellularly 71.Which of the following is mixed-stranded? D
D. A and B A. Reoviridiae
E. All B. Rhabdoviridae
C. Poxviridae
65. D. Hepadnoviridae
Which is not true regarding adsorption? C E. Parvoviridae
A. Virus attaches to host membrane
B. Process is random and reversible 72. Why is parvovirus dangerous?
C. Requires ATP
D. Nonenveloped viruses attach via exposed capsid Because parvovirus easily travels from cats to
regions humans.
E. All are true Because parvovirus easily travels from pets to
children.
66.Viruses are classified according to all of the
following except : C Because parvovirus, in any species, is highly
A. Type of replication contagious.
B. Structure of virion
C. Host required for survival Because parvovirus easily travels from dogs to
D. Type of nucleic acid humans.
E. Structure of virus
73. Viruses in the Poxviridae family are mainly:
67.
Square shaped
Which is not true regarding capsids? D
A. Composed of repeating subunits Brick shaped
B. Able to self-assemble into virions
C. Helical structure has fixed number of subunits and Teardrop shaped
is spherical in shape
Circular
D. Only A and B
74. The process in which two viruses mix and match
E. All
parts of their genome is called _____.
68. A particular virus' genetic material first needs to genetic diversity
be copied into positive sense SS-RNA (Single Strand
RNA). What type of virus is this? C genetic reassortment
A. SS Positive-Sense RNA
B. SS Negative-Sense RNA antigenic shift
C. DS RNA genetic deviation
D. DS DNA 75. When he was six years old, Cody was infected
with chicken pox. Since recovering, Cody has been
69 Primary replication of the virus takes place before immune to the disease. What has happened to
spread. This happens with: B Cody that would explain his immunity?
A. Neural spread
B. Hematogenous spread Artificially acquired active immunity
C. Tissue spread
 Artificially acquire passive immunity
Naturally acquired passive immunity
Naturally acquired active immunity
76. Marek's disease is commonly associated with:
Chickenpox
Turkeypox
Cancer formation in chickens thanks to a virus
from the Herpesviridae family
Rabies anti-viral treatment must be started
within the first two weeks.
There is no medication. The vaccine relies on
the body's antibodies and immune system to kill the
virus.
81. How are astroviruses typically spread?
Via rodents
Contact through broken skin

A rash in young children Orofecal route

A painful rash in older humans Respiratory system

82. What are Measles caused by?
77. Western equine encephalitis is a virus mainly Poxviruses
transmitted by:
Morbilliviruses
A mite
Mortalliviruses
A tick
Influenza
A mosquito

A gnat 83. Hepatitis E is usually transmitted:

A midge By eating undercooked meat

78. Which of the following is NOT infected by By contaminated water
parvovirus?
Through the respiratory system
A cat
By organ transplants
A human adult

A child 84.Viruses of which family have a herringbone

appearance?
A tree
Retroviridae
79. RNA viruses replicate in the: Parapoxviridae
Mitochondrion Paramyxoviridae
Cytoplasm Parainfluenza
Endoplasmic reticulum 85. Which of the following is a common target for
anti-HIV drugs?
Nucleus
80. Why is vaccination before or after a possible AIDS
rabies bite essential? The Baltimore virus
Antibiotics are only partly effective. Reverse transcriptase
To prevent the virus from causing cancer. All of the answers are correct
To prevent the virus from causing permanent Monomers
paralysis of the legs.
86. Adenoviruses that infect humans sometimes
have which type of inclusion body?

Cowdry type B

Cardry type B

Catdry type B

Cawdry type B