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PREVENTION
Joshua McAfee C.F.E., C.F.I.
HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
First codification of law – 1800 BC – Hammurabi’s
Code
Modern Police Roots – Sir Robert Peel – in 1829 –
COP, Crime Prevention first started
1980, Association of Chief of Police, made crime
prevention as a standard police function.
CPO – Crime Prevention Officer – a public servant
with police powers.
LPO – Loss Prevention Officer – private sector
deriving authority from an employer.
LP FOUNDATION TOOLS
Five tools that form the foundation of a Loss
Prevention program.
1ST LP TOOL
RISK ANALYSIS – Estimating expected loss from a
specific threat – has 3 steps:
1. Loss Prevention Survey
2. Identifying vulnerabilities
3. Determining probability / frequency /
costs
Process leads to the Loss Prevent Profile.
LOSS EVENT PROFILE
LOSS EVENT PROFILE:
1. Type of Risk
2. Probability of Event
3. Criticality of Event
2ND LP TOOL
PLANNING – Results in a design for reaching
objectives – must fulfill organizational goals –
Respond to:
1. What is cost?
2. Is it practical?
3. Is it cost effective?
4. Will Management support strategy.
3RD LP TOOL
EVAULATION – A critical tool once program is
implemented. Ways to do this:
Risk Avoidance
Risk Transfer ( Buying Insurance)
Risk Abatement (Reduction)
Risk Spreading
Risk Acceptance (Wish for the best)
INSURANCE RATES
Insurance rates are dependent on two variables:
1. Frequency of claims
2. Cost of each claim
BONDS
BOND – Legal instrument where one party agrees to
indemnify another party if oblige incurs a loss from
the person bonded.
Type of Bonds:
1. Fidelity Bond – if bonded employee after
investigation to limit risk, violates the trust, the
insurance indemnifies the employer.
2. Surety Bond – Failure to perform as agreed
(Contract Bond)
INTERNAL THREATS
Next we will discuss internal threats and losses.
PREVENTION FROM INTERNAL
THREATS
Internal theft is the greatest on going threat to
business.
It is difficult to obtain accurate statistics as to
shrinkage attributable to employee theft.
Internal losses occur by several methods:
1. Pilferage – stealing in small quantities over a long
period.
2. Embezzlement – taking money/property entrusted
to their care.
3. Shrinkage – loss of inventory through any means.
WHY EMPLOYEES STEAL
Personal Problems
Environmental Influences
Rationalization
THEFT TRIANGLE
Motivation ( Desire or Need)
Rationalization
Opportunity
DANGER SIGNS
Counter productive behavior
Conspicuous Consumer
Financial Irresponsibility
Financially squeezed employee
Management Countermeasures
Internal Controls / Separation of responsibility
Auditing (Inspect what you expect)
Management Support
Policy and Procedural Controls
Hotline
Thorough Investigation
Confrontation with employee suspect
Prosecution
PHYSICAL COUNTERMEASURES
Access control
ID systems
Lock / Key Controls
Alarms
CCTV
Safes / Vaults
SAFETY
Lets review some LP safety issues.
SAFETY AND LP
Unsafe acts cause 85% of all accidents, unsafe
conditions cause the remaining 15%.
Incident – is anything from serious injury to a
breakdown in quality control
Accident – is an undesired event resulting in
physical harm to a person or damage to property.
ACCEPTABLE WAYS TO REMEDY
ACCIDENTS
Constant inspections
Job safety analysis
Early discovery of unsafe conditions
Identification of hazards
Investigation of all accidents and near misses as
soon as possible
HAZMAT
Hazardous Material Program:
1. Identify hazards that are present
2. Know how to respond to an incident
3. Set up necessary safeguards
4. Employee training
5. MSDS (Right to Know Program) in place
PLANNING AND BUDGETS
PLANNING
Planning – designed to fulfill organizational goals /
objectives. Can be:
Simple
Complex
Short term
Long term
Budgets
Top/down
Bottom/ up
dollar items
A BUDGET REQUIRES …..
A manager to operate the plan in three dimensions:
1. The operation /project must unfold as planned.
2. The operation / project must take place when
planned.
3. It will not exceed the planned costs.
BUDGET COSTS
Budget costs are classified under one three
categories:
1. Salary expenses
2. Sundry expenses – all non – salary expenses
3. Capital Expenses – which are physical
improvements, physical additions or major
expenditures for hardware, generally considered one
time expenses.
Thank You
I hope you found this LP review helpful.
I wish you all the best when you are taking your
exam.