SEMESTER-I

COURSE-I: GEOMORPHOLOGY

Unit-1
Concept of Geomorphology principles and their significance, cycle of erosion, Davis’
and Plank’ cycle of erosion, slope forming processes: Landslides, Soil creep and
Solifluction.Origin, structure and age of earth, methods of age determination, relative and
absolute age determinations-radioactivity, C-14 method, TL and OSL dating.
15 hours

Unit-2
Fluvial Agency: types of rivers, valley development – Base level and its varieties, graded
streams, cross profiles of valleys, classifications of valleys, drainage patterns and their
significance, erosion landforms and depositional landforms of streams. Morphometric
analysis of terrain and its significance, morphometric analysis of drainage basin and its
significance, statistical correlation methods for interpretation, the organization of
drainage system. 15 hours

Unit-3
Glaciers: types of glaciers, regimen of glaciers, nourishment of glaciers, wastage of
glaciers, major features resulting from glacial erosion and glacial deposition, glacio-
fluvial features, eolian agency, topographic effects of wind erosion, landforms of aeolian
deposition, piedmonts and piedmont problems, arid cycle of erosion. 10 hours

Unit-4
Karst topography: Important areas of karst, conditions essential for development of Karst,
features characteristic of karst region, origin of limestone caverns, karst geomorphic
cycle, marine erosion, topographic feature resulting from marine erosion and marine
depositions, classification of coasts. 10 hours

Recommended Books:
Bloom, A.L. (1979). Geomorphology – A systematic analysis of Late Cenozoic Landforms.
Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
Brown, G.C. and Baily, W.(1981). Earth Science.
E.J. Tarbuck, F.K. Luens. (2002). Earth Science, Prentice-Hall, NJ.
Emmons, W.H. Allison, I.S. Stauffer, C.R. and Thiel, G.A. (1960). Geology : Principles and
Processes, McGraw Hill Book Company, New Yark.
Gass, I.G. Smith, P.J and Wilson, R.L. (1979). Understanding the Earth – A Reader in Earth
Science. 2nd Ed. ELBS.
Holmes’ Principles of Physical Geology, (1993) 4th Ed. Chapman & Hall, London.
James S. Monroe, Reed Wicander. (2003). Physical Geology., Books/Cole, Thomnson
Learing, Australia.
L. Don Leet, Sheldou Judson, M.E. Kaurffman , (1992). Physical Geology. Prentice – Hall,
Inc., N.J.

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Leet, L.D. and Judson, S. (1969). Physical Geology, 3rd Ed. Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi.
Savinder Singh: Geomorphology Prayag Pustak Bhawan (1998)
Thornbury, W. D. (1984). Principles of Geomorphology. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi.
W. Kenneth Hamblin. (1996). Introduction to Physical Geology., McMillan Publishing Company,
New York

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

2
 COURSE-II: STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

Unit-1
Mechanical principles and properties of rocks and their controlling factors, theory of rock
failure, concept of stress and strain analysis in two and three dimensions, progressive
deformation, mohr circles, symmetry concept in deformation.
15 hours
Unit-2
Unconformities: types and recognition. Geometry of folds surface: Single and multi-
layered, super-imposed folding, classification of folds, types of folds, beta and pi
diagrams, mechanics of folding and buckling. 10 hours

Unit-3
Fractures and joints their nomenclature, age relationship, origin and significance. Causes
and dynamics of faulting, geometry of faults, classification and types of faults,
recognition of faults. 10 hours

Unit-4
Planar and Linear fabrics in deformed rocks, their origin and significance, concept of
petrofabrics and symmetry: objective, field and laboratory techniques, types of fabrics,
fabric elements and interpretation of fabric data on microscopic and mesoscopic scale.
Use of universal stage in petrofabrics, geometrical analysis of simple and complex
structures on macroscopic scale. 15 hours

Recommended Books: -
Bayly B (1992): Mechanics in Structural Geology. Springer-Verlag
Billings, M.P. (2003). Structural Geology. Prentice-Hall of India, New Delhi
Davis G H (1984): Structural Geology of Rocks and Region. John Wiley
Edition, Wiley.
Ghosh S K (1995): Structural Geology Fundamentals of Modern Developments.
Hubert MK (1972): Structural Geology. Hafner Publ Co. New York
John G. Ramsay, Martin I. Huber, (1983), The techniques of modern structural geology:
Volume 2: Folds and fractures
John Ramsey, (1983), The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology, Volume 1: Strain
Analyses
Moore E and Twiss RJ (1995): Tectonics. Freeman Pergamon Press
Price NJ and Cosgrove JW (1990): Analysis of Geological Structure. Cambridge
University Press

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.

3
 First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

4
COURSE-III: THIRD: SEDIMENTOLOGY
Unit-1
Processes of Sedimentation. Fluid flow, origin of sediments. Modes of transport of
sediments. Classification and nomenclature of the common sediments (rudites, arenites
and argillites). Classification of sedimentary rocks. Origin, classification and
significance of primary, secondary and organic sedimentary structures. palaeocurrent
significance in quality assessment. 15 hours

Unit-2
Classification of sandstone, limestone and dolomite. Textures of sedimentary rocks and
their genetic significance. Granulometric analyses of clastic particles, statistical measure
and interpretation of nature of sediments. Diagenesis. 10 hours

Unit-3
Elements and types of depositional environments: Continental (Fluvial, lacustrine,
aeolian and glacial), Transitional and marine environments, Evaporates, and Volcano-
clastic sediments. 15 hours
Unit-4
Provenance and mineral stability. concept and types of sedimentary provenance, Heavy
minerals: their separation and utility in the provenance analyses. Sedimentary basins and
tectonic framework of sedimentation. 10 hours

Recommended Books:-
Allen, P. (1997), Earth Surface Processes. Blackwell
Blatt, H., Middleton, G.V. and Murray, R. (1972). Origin of Sedimentary Rocks. Prentice
Hall,
Davis, R A, (1992), Depositional Systems. Prentice hall
Einsels, G (1992), Sedimentary Basins. Springer Verlag
Friendman. G.M. and Sanders, J.E. (1978). Principles of Sedimentology. John Wiley,
New York.
Gokhale, N.W., (2009), Fundamental of sedimentary rocks, Cbs Publishers & Distributors
Pvt. Ltd
Greensmith, J.T. (1989), Petrology of Sedimentary rocks, 7th Edition, Unwin Hyman
Ltd.
Nichols, G. 1999: Sedimentology and Stratigraphy. Black well
Pettijohn, F.J. (1984). Sedimentary Rocks. CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
Reading H G. 1996: Sedimentary Environments. Black well
Sengupta, S 1997: Introductions of Sedimentology. Oxford IBH
Tucker, M., (1988). Techniques in Sedimentology. Blackwell, New York, University
Press, Cambridge.

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.

5
 First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

6
 COURSE-IV: MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY
Unit-1
Atomic structure, mineralogical properties and mode of occurrence of the following : -
i. Sulfides: (AX, A2X, and AX2 Types), Oxides (XO, X2O, XO2 X2O3 and XY2O4
types)
ii. Sulfates (anhydrous and hydrous) and, iii. Carbonates (calcite, aragonite and dolomite
groups). Classification of silicate structures. Isomorphism, Polymorphism, Exsolution .
10 hours
Unit-2
Atomic structure, chemistry, physical, and optical properties of the following rocks
forming mineral groups: Feldspar, Feldspathoid, Pyroxene, Amphibole, Mica and Zeolite.
Atomic structure, chemistry, physical and optical properties of the following rock
forming mineral groups: Garnets, Olivine, Quartz and its varieties, Epidote, Chlorite, and
Aluminosilicates (Kyanite, Sillimanite and Andalusite), Precious and Semi-Precious
Stones. 15 hours
Unit-3
nitesh
presentation
Principles of optics, Double refraction, Optical classification of minerals, Birefringence,
Determination of Refractive Index, Uniaxial and Biaxial Indicatrix, Determination of
interference colors and interference figures. 10 hours
Unit-4
Geochemical classification of elements, Radioactive decay scheme of U-Pb, Rb-Sr, K-Ar,
& Sm-Nb, Laws of Thermodynamics, concept of geochemical cycle, principles of ionic
substitutions in mineral, Goldschmidt rules of substitution and their modification.
composition of the Earth. 15 hours

Recommended Books:-
Dana, E.S. (1959). A Text Book of Mineralogy. Asian Ed., New Delhi.
Deer, W.A., Howie, R.A. and Zussman, J. (1966). An Introduction to the Rock-Forming
Minerals. Longman, England.
Gribble, CD.1993: Rutley’s Elements of Mineralogy.
Hoefs, j 1980: Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Springer Verlag
Kerr, P.F. (1959). Optical Mineralogy. McGraw-Hill, New York.
Klein, C and Huarlbut, CS. 1993 Manual of mineralogy. John Willey.
Klein, C. and Hurlbut, C.S. (1993). Manual of Mineralogy. John Wiley & Sons, New
York.
Mason, B 1991: Principles of Geochemistry.
Phillips, W.R. (1971). Mineral Optics. W.H. Freeman and Company. New York.
Phillips, WR and Griffin DT; 1986: Optical mineralogy. CBS
Winchell, A.N. (1959). Elements of Optical Mineralogy, vols. 1 & 2. Wiley Eastern,
New Delhi.

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.

7
 First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

8
 COURSE-V: Practical: Structural Geology & Geomorphology

Structural geology
 Stereographic techniques and analysis of structural data
 strain measurement techniques
 Analysis and interpretation of geological maps
 Dip-Strike problems.
Geomorphology
 Determination of drainage parameters
 determination of average slope angle, Hill slope analysis

Recommended Books
Ragan, (2009), Structural Geology-An Introduction to Geometric Techniques, Second
Gokhle, N.W. (2008), Manual Of Geological Maps, Cbs Publishers & Distributors Pvt.
Ltd

COURSE-VI: Practical: Sedimentology, Minerology and Geochemistry

Sedimentology
 Detailed megascopic and microscopic study of sedimentary rocks
 grain size analysis,
Minerology
 Megascopic study of the common rock forming minerals of the groups mentioned
in theory, their physical properties and associations.
 Optical properties of minerals, order of interference of colors, extinction angle,
birefringence of minerals, pleochroic schemes. Optical study of important
minerals
Geochemistry
 Sample Preparation techniques

Recommended Books
Gokhale, N.W., (2009), Fundamental of sedimentary rocks, Cbs Publishers & Distributors
Pvt. Ltd
Pettijohn, F.J. (1984). Sedimentary Rocks. CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.
Kerr, P.F. (1959). Optical Mineralogy. McGraw-Hill, New York.

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 COURSE-VII: Geological Field Excursion

Field work shall consist of:

 Study of topographic maps and location, map orientation and bearing etc.
 Study of geomorphic features and landforms.
 Observations on outcrops. Measurement of planar and linear geologic features.
 Simple geologic contact tracing. Plotting of data with different symbols on maps.
 Geological traverse mapping in an area with variable lithologies.
 Drawing cross sections of the map prepared in the field. Construction of litholog
of the mapped area.
 Recognition of Igneous, sedimentary and deformational structures in the field.

It is mandatory for a student to maintain a systematic field diary and collect good geological
samples. A candidate, who does not attend the field work or fails to get pass marks in it, will have
to do the field work by joining the field tour of the same class in a subsequent year. The marks for
Field Work and Lab Work will be awarded by teacher who conducts the field work on the basis
of evaluation of field work, field report and viva voice examination of the same.

10
 SEMESTER -II

COURSE-VIII: IGNEOUS PETROLOGY

Unit-1
Origin of Magma. Factors affecting magma composition. Evolution of Magma by
Differentiation and Assimilation. Phase Equilibria of Monary (Silica), Binary (Mixed and
Eutectic) and Ternary (Ab – An – Di), (Fo – Fa – Silica) Silicate Systems.
10 hours
Unit-2
Classification of igneous rocks including IUGS system. Reaction principle. Reaction
Series. Textures of igneous rocks and interpretation of crystallization history. Layered
igneous structures. Petrographic provinces. 15 hours
Unit-3
Concept of mode and norm, Phase rule and concept of phase diagrams. Relationship of
magma types and tectonic settings. Origin of Granite: Magmatic and granitisation
processes. 10 hours

Unit-4
Classification, petrography, chemistry and petrogeness of komatites, ophioloites, Mid-
ocean ridge basalt (MORB); Ocean Isand Basalt (OIB), Continental flood Basalt
(CFB);Island arc magmatism, Continental arc magmatism, Granitoid rocks, Continental
rift magmas, Alkaline magmatism, Carbonatites, Lamprophyres, Kimberlites,
Anorthisites 15 hours

Recommended Books:-
Barker, D.S. (1993). Igneous Petrology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Best. M.G.(1986), Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Blat, H., Tracy, R.J. and Owens, B.E. (2006). Petrology: Igneous, sedimentary and
Metamorphic. 3rd ed. W.H. freeman and Company,NY.
Hyndman, D.W.(1985). Petrology of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks, Mc-Graw Hill,
N.Y.
Wilson, M., (1989). Igneous Petrogenesis, Unwin Hyman, Londan.
Winter, J.D.,(2001) An introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Prentice
Hall, New Jersey.
Note for Theory paper setter:
1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

11
 COURSE-IX: METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

Unit-1
Agents of metamorphism, Kinds of metamorphism, metamorphic assemblages and other
definitions. The concept of equilibrium and its application to metamorphic rocks; Phase
rule and its applications. Metamorphic reactions, Reaction mechanism and types.
15 hours
Unit-2
Evolution of facies concept; Metamorphic facies series and concept of paired
metamorphic belts. Pressure-Temperature-Time (P-T-t) models for metamorphism.
Regional metamorphism in relation to plate tectonics; Ocean floor metamorphism.
10 hours
Unit-3
Textures of contact metamorphism: granoblastic polygonal, decussate, nodular, skeletal,
high strain metamorphic textures, cataclasis and mylonitisation. Regional orogenic
metamorphic textures; deformation versus metamorphic mineral growth, Analysis of
polydeformed and poly metamorphosed rocks, Replacement textures and reaction rims.
10 hours
Unit-4
Metamorphic fluids and, metasomatic mineral growth, metamorphic fluids and
metasomatic processes, Geothermometer and Geobarometer. Experimental Petrology:
methods and techniques; Application of Experimental petrology to anatexis and
formation of granitic magmas; Charnockites and debate associated with charnockitic
rocks. 15 hours

Recommended Books:-
Best. M.G.(1986), Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.
Blatt, H., Tracy, R.J and Owens, B.E. (2006). Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary and
Metamorphic. 3rd ed. W.H. Freeman and Company. NY.
Bucher, K. and Frey, M. (1994). Petrogenesis of Metamorphic Rocks. (6th ed. of
Winkler’s Book), Spriger-Verlag, New York.
Hyndman, D.W.(1985). Petrology of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks, Mc-Graw Hill,
N.Y.
Turner, F.J. (1981). Metamorphic Petrology. McGraw Hill, New York.
Winter,.J.D. (2001) An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice
Hall, New Jersey.
Yardley, B.W.D. (1990). An Introduction to Metamorphic Petrology. ELBS, Longman, London.

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.

12
 First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

13
 COURSE-X: PALEONTOLOGY

Unit-1
Concepts of taphonomy and biostartinomy. Principles of Paleoecology. Concept and
mechanism of speciation. Principles of biogeography. Detailed study of morphological
variation, classification, geological distribution to illustrate their use in biostratigraphy,
evolutionary theory and the environment reconstructions of the Phyllum Protozoa,
Coelentrate, Brachiopod, Mollusc, Arthropoda, Echinodermata.
15 hours

Unit-2
Techniques in micropaleontology. Principles and applications of SEM, EDX and cathode
luminiscence. Morphotaxonomy of Foraminifera, Conodonts, Radiolaria. Precambrian
and microbiota and its significance. 10 hours

Unit-3
Importance of microfossils in stratigraphy, determination of paleoclimate environments
and sea level changes in the geological past and the role of micropaleontology in oil
exploration. Introduction to Palynology. Significance of plant microfossils in
environment, biostratigraphy and oil exploration. Morphotaxonomy of stromatolites and
their geological significance.
15 hours
Unit-4
Major trends in vertebrate evolution. Indian pre-Tertiary vertebrates: geographic
distribution, affinities and paleogeographic implications. Indian Tertiary vertebrates and
Siwalik mammals. Human evolution and Indian fossil hominids. 10 hours

Recommended Books:-
Bignot, G., Grahm and Trottman (1985): Elements of Micropaleontoogy, London.
Clarkson, E.N.K. (1986). Invertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. ELBS. Londan.
Cushman, J.A. (1940). The Foraminifera their classification and use. Harvard Univ.
Press.
David Raup and Stanley (1985). Principles of Paleontology, CBS Pub, Delhi
Moore, R.C. Lalliker, C.G. and Fischer, A.G.(1952). Text book of Invertebrate
Paleontology
P.C. Jain and M.S. Anantharaman, (1983): Palaeontology: Evolution and Animal
Distribution, Vishal Publ.
Schrock, Twenhofel and Williams (1953). Principles of Invertebrate Paleontology, CBS,
Delhi.

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each

14
 from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

15
 COURSE-XI: STRATIGRAPHY

Unit-1
General Principles: Geologic Time Scale with International stage classification. Concept
of stratotypes, Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). Principles of Stratigraphy,
Facies concept in Stratigraphy: Walther’s law of Facies. Basic concept of Sequence
stratigraphy, magneto, seismic and chemo-stratigraphy. 10 hours

Unit-2
Precambrian Stratigraphy: Plate tectonics during Precambrian. Precambrian/ Cambrain
boundary with special reference of India. Sequence of major Precambrian events in terms
of rock record in Indian Stratigraphy. Early life and its stratigraphic significance.
Potential petroliferous basins of India and their brief stratigraphic framework.
15 hours

Unit-3
Phanerozoic Stratigraphy: Major plate movements during Phanerozoic, Subdivisions of
Phanerozoic upto stage level. Stratigraphic framework of Marine Paleozoic and Mesozoic
rocks of Himalaya with special reference to Kashmir and Spiti, marine Mesozoic rocks of
Peninsular India and their correlation with those of Himalaya. Depositional history of
Gondwana Supergroup. 10 hours

Unit-4
Stratigraphic framework of marine Cenozoic rocks of India. Stratigraphy of Siwalik
Supergroup. Recognizing criteria for major stratigraphic boundaries of Phanerozoic and
their GSSP’s. Permian/ Triassic, Cretaceous/Tertiary in Indian section. Continental
Quaternary deposits and their significance. 15 hours

Recommended Books:-
Doyle, P. and Bennett. M.R. (1996): Unlocking the stratigraphic Record, John Wiley and
Sons.
Dunbar, C.O. and Rodgers, j., 1957, Principls of stratigraphy. John Wiley and Sons
Gould, S.J. Osborne, R. and Tarling, D. (1966). The historical Atlas of Earth. A visual
exploration of the earth’s physical pat. Henry Holt & Company, N.Y.
Krishnan,M.S. (1982): Geology of India and Burma, C.B.S. Publ.
Kumar, R. (1985): Historical Geology and Stratigraphy of India, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
Naqvi, S.M. 2005. Geology and Evolution of Indian Plate from Hadean to Holocene-4Ga
to $Ka, Capital Pub., New Delhi.
Radhakrishnan and Vaidyanathan (2008), Geology of India, Vol. 1, & Vol. 2, Geological
Society of India, Bangalore.
Rogers, J.J.W. (1993), A history of earth, Cambridge University Press, UK.
Schoch, R.M., 1989, Stratigraphy: Principles and Methods, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New
York.
Note for Theory paper setter:
1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.

16
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

17
 COURSE-XII: Practical: Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology
 Study of hand specimen of various igneous and metamorphic rocks
 Microscopic study of mineralogical and textural characteristics of igneous and
metamorphic rocks
 Calculations of norms, normalized plots of trace elements and rare earth elements
and their interpretations.

Recommended Books:
Hyndman, D.W.(1985). Petrology of Igneous and Metamorphic Rocks, Mc-Graw Hill,
N.Y.
Blatt, H., Tracy, R.J and Owens, B.E. (2006). Petrology: Igneous, Sedimentary and
Metamorphic. 3rd ed. W.H. Freeman and Company. NY.

COURSE-XIII: Practical: Paleontology & Stratigraphy

Paleontology
 Palaeoenvironments and taphonomy of assorted specimens,
 Study of paleoecology and functional morphology of various fossils.
 Morphotaxonomical study of common planktonic foraminiferal taxa.
 Morphological study of phylum given in theory
Stratigraphy
 Interpretation of paleogeographic maps of all geological periods.
 Study of specimens of rock types of Indian formations (lithotype/structure/fossils)
and geological age inference.
Recommended Books:
Schrock, Twenhofel and Williams (1953). Principles of Invertebrate Paleontology, CBS,
Delhi.
P.C. Jain and M.S. Anantharaman, (1983): Palaeontology: Evolution and Animal
Distribution, Vishal Publ.

18
 SEMESTER- III

COURSE –XIV: GEODYNAMICS

Unit-1
Earth’s surface features. Seismology: seismic waves, intensity and isoseismic lines,
earthquake belts. Earthquake zones of India, Seismograph, causes of earthquake. Internal
structure of the Earth, Palaeo-magnetism, method of anticipating earthquakes with radon
emanation etc, earthquake early warning systems. 15 hours

Unit-2
Isostasy: Development of the concept, Isostatic anomalies, Isostatic models.
Geosynclines: Classification and evolution of Geosyncline, causes of subsidence and
upliftment. Continental drift: Development of the concept, Taylor’s and Wegner’s
theories of continental drift, evidences of continental drift and polar wandering.
15 hours
Unit-3
Concept of plate tectonics, types of plate boundaries, features of convergent and
divergent boundaries, causes of plate motion, dynamic evolution of continental and
oceanic crust. Sea floor spreading, morphological features of ocean floor.
10 hours
Unit-4
Tectonics of Precambrian Orogenic belts of India, formation of mountain roots, structure
and origin of the Alpine- Himalayan belt and Applachian-Caledonian belt.
10 hours
Recommended Books:-
A.K., Biyani, (2007), Dimensions of Himalayan Geology
Condie, K.C. (1984). Plate Tectonics & crustal Evolution. Pregamon Press, London.
Cox, A. (1973). Plate tectonics and Magnetic Reversal. W.M. Frauman & Co. San
Francisco.
Hodgson, J H: Earthquake and Earth’s Structures. Prentice Hall
Holmes, Doris L and Arthur: Holmes’ Principles of Physical Geology, (1993) Chapman
& Hall, London.
Keary, P and Vine, F.J. (1990). Global Tectonics. Black well scientific publications,
Oxford
Martin H P Bott: The Interior of the Earth. Edward Arnold
Wyllie, Peter J: The Dynamic Earth. Wiley

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.

19
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

20
 COURSE –XV: HYDROGEOLOGY

Unit-1
Distribution of water: surface and subsurface. Hydrological cycle, precipitation and its
types. Ground water: Origin, importance, occurrences and subsurface reservoirs. Hydro-
stratigraphic units. Water table contour maps. 10 hours

Unit-2
Geological factors governing the occurrence of ground water. Porosity, permeability,
specific yield, specific retention, hydraulic conductivity, storage coefficient, aquifers and
their classification. Groundwater flow: confined, unconfined, steady, unsteady, and radial
flow, forces causing flow. Darcy’s Law, 10 hours
Unit-3
Water level fluctuations: causative factors and their measurements, methods of pumping
test and analysis of test data. Ground water quality: estimation and methods for various
uses, Hydrochemical facies, groundwater quality map of India. Water contaminants and
pollutants: problems of arsenic and fluoride, salt water intrusion in coastal aquifers,
remedial measures. 15 hours

Unit-4
Artificial recharge of groundwater, rain water harvesting; water well technology: well
types, drilling methods, construction, design, development and maintenance of wells.
Water management in rural and urban areas, surface and subsurface geophysical and
geological methods of groundwater exploration, ground water problems with special
reference to geological setting in India with special reference to northern region.
15 hours

Recommended Books:-
Davis SN and De Wiest RJM, 1966: Hydrogeology. John Wiley
Felter CW, 1990: Applied hydrogeology. Merrill
Freeze RA & cherry JA, 1979: Ground Water. Prentice Hall
Goutham Mahajan: Groundwater survey and Investigation.
Karanth KR 1987: Ground Water Assessments - Development and managements.
Raghunath NM, 1982: Ground Water. Wiley Eastern
Subramaniam V, 2000: Water. Kingston Publ London Tata McGraw Hill
Todd DK 1980: Ground Water Hydrology. John Wiley

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.

21
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

22
COURSE –XVI: FUEL GEOLOGY
Unit-1
Origin of coal. physico-chemical characterization: proximate and ultimate analyses rank,
and varieties of coal, macroscopic ingredients and microscopic constituents (maceral,
lithotypes and microlithotypes). Indian and international classification of coal.
10 hours
Unit-2
Preparation of coal for industrial purpose (coal washing), coal carbonization (coke
manufacturing), coal gasification and coal hydrogenation, briquetting of coal. Geological
features of coal seams. geology of the productive coal fields of india, methods of coal
prospecting, estimation of coal reserve, elementary idea about coal mining methods, coal
bed methane. indian coal deposits 15 hours
Unit-3
Origin, migration and accumulation (oil-traps) of petroleum and natural gas. kerogene.
Geology of the productive oil fields of India. position of oil and natural gas in India.
15 hours
Unit-4
Atomic minerals: mode of occurrence, association and distribution in India, methods of
prospecting, productive horizons in India, nuclear power stations of the country and
future prospects 10 hours

Recommended Books:-
Dahlkamp FJ 1993: Uranium Ore Deposits. Springer Verlag
Durrance EM, 1986: Radioactivity in Geology: Principles and Applications.
Ellis H Holson GD and Tiratsoo E N, 1985: Introduction of petroleum Geology. Gulf Pub
North FK 1985: Petroleum Geology. Allen and Unwin
Selley RC, 1998: Elements of Petroleum Geology. Academic Press
Singh MP 1998: Coal and Organic Petrology. Hindustan Publications ND
Tissot BP and Welt DH 1984: Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. Springer Ver

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabu. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

23
 COURSE –XVII: REMOTE SENSING AND GIS

Unit-1
Concept and principles of remote sensing. Electromagnetic spectrum, types of
Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) energy used in Remote Sensing. Remote Sensing
sensors and platforms, advantages of Remote Sensing. Reflectance of minerals,
vegetation, rocks and water. 10 hours

Unit-2
Aerial photography, types of aerial photographs, aerial photo interpretation-tone, texture,
pattern, shape, size, drainage. Different satellite exploration programmes and their
characteristics: LANDSAT, SPOT, IRS etc. Image interpretation techniques.
10 hours
Unit-3
Application of Photo Geology and Remote Sensing in the Study of Glaciology,
Geomorphology, Lithology and Structural features and Hydrogeology studies. Case study
of tracing path of major paleochannel systems of Himalaya and its foreland like vedic
Saraswati River with the help of Remote Sensing and Geomorphological evidences.
15 hours
Unit-4
Introduction of Geographical Information System, Components of GIS, Vector and
Raster models, idea about various GIS softwares being used in Geology. Applications
and advantages of Geographic Information System 15 hours

Recommended Books:-
Bonham Carter: (1994) Geographic Information Systems For Geoscientists: Modelling
With GIS, Pergamon.
Lillesand, T.M. and Kiefer, R.W., (1987). Remote Sensing and Image Interpretation,
John Wiley
Miller, V.C., (1961). Photogeology, Mcgraw Hill.
Pande, S.N., (1987).Principles and Application of Photogeology. Wiley Easter Ltd.
R.P. Gupta, (2003), Remote Sensing Geology, Springer
Ray, R.G., (1969). Aerial Photographs in Geologic Interpretations, USGS Prof. Paper 373
S. Kalyanramana, (2000), Saraswati, Babasaheb Apte Samarak samiti, Banglore
Sabbins, F.F., (1985). Remote Sensing-Principles & Applications, Freeman
Saraswati River- A perspective (2009), Proceedings International Conference, Saraswati
Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana.
Valdiya, K.S., (2002), Saraswati, The River that disappeared, Indian Space Research
Organization

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.

24
 First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

25
COURSE-XVIII: Practical: Hydrogeology and Fuel Geology

Hydrogeology
 Preparation and interpretation of water table contour maps, hydraulic gradient,
sub-surface geological sections, hydrographs, pumping testing data,
hydrochemical maps and facies diagrams

Fuel Geology
 Megascopic characterization of coal, uranium and thorium bearing minerals and
rocks
 Megascopic study of cores and well cuttings.
 Exercises based on source rock, reservoir and traps, well logging and reserve
estimation.
 Case studies of petroliferous basins of India, Coal petrography

Recommended Books:
Todd DK 1980: Ground Water Hydrology. John Wiley
Singh MP 1998: Coal and Organic Petrology. Hindustan Publications ND

COURSE-XIX: Practical: Geodynamics and Remote Sensing, GIS

Geodynamics
 Maps of earthquake zones of India, orogenic belts of India, tectonic divisions of
India
Remote Sensing and GIS
 Identification of various parameters such as tone, texture, size, shape, association
for different rock types, sedimentary, igneous, metamorphic
 Interpretation of Satellite imageries for lithology, soil, groundwater and glaciers.
 Spectral signatures of various terrains and study of environmental problems like
deforestation and degradation
 Introduction of GIS soft wares.

Recommended Books:
Condie, K.C. (1984). Plate Tectonics & crustal Evolution. Pregamon Press, London.
R.P. Gupta, (2003), Remote Sensing Geology, Springer
Ray, R.G., (1969). Aerial Photographs in Geologic Interprtations, USGS Prof. Paper 373
Bonham Carter: (1994) Geographic Information Systems For Geoscientists: Modelling
With GIS, Pergamon.

26
 COURSE-XX: FIELD WORK

The field work would consist of:

 independent geological mapping in an area with variable lithologies,
 construction of a litholog of the mapped area,
 Study of regional geology including the study of rocks, minerals and fossils of
geologically important areas.

A candidate, who does not attend the field work or fails to get pass marks in it, will have to do the
field work by joining the field tour of the same class in a subsequent year.
The marks for Field Work and Lab Work will be awarded by teacher who conducts the field work
on the basis of evaluation of field work, field report and viva voice examination of the same.

27
 SEMESTER-IV

COURSE –XXI: ENGINEERING GEOLOGY

Unit-1
Importance of geology in civil engineering. Merits and de-merits of civil engineering in
folds, faults, and joints affected area. Engineering properties of rocks test of rocks used as
foundation sites, building stones, aggregates, and as ballast. 15 hours
Unit-2
Dam and its parts, types of dam, Geological consideration for the selection of a dam site,
Reservoir: Geological consideration, capacity of reservoir, water tightness and
influencing factors. Silting and de-silting of reservoir. 10 hours
Unit-3
Geological consideration in major engineering projects: construction of tunnels,
highways, bridges and canals, lining of tunnel. Landslide: classification, causes, effects,
and prevention. Asesimic designing-seismicity in India and earthquake resistant
structures. 10 hours

Unit-4
Problems of Groundwater in engineering projects. Geotechnical case study of major
projects in India viz; Bhakra Nangal Project, Nagaarjunsagar project Andhra Pradesh etc.
15 hours

Recommended Books:-
Arora, D.S. (1988).Geology for Engineers, Mohindra Capital Publishers, Chandigarh
Bell F G, 1999: Geological Hazards. Rout ledge
Kryine, D.H. and Judd, W.R. (1998). Principles of Engineering Geology, CBS Edition, Delhi.
Parbin Singh: Engineering and General Geology. KatsonPubl House
Ramnathan RM: Engineering Geology. Anuradha Agency T N
Reddy, D.V. (1995). Engineering Geology for Civil Engineers, IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.
Richey JE: Elements of Engineering Geology. Sir Issac Pitman & Sons
Sharma, S.K. (1965). A text book of building construction. S Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi.
Sumit K 1992: Environmental Hazards. Routledge
Trefethen NC: T B of Geology and Engineering Geology. Mc Millan

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc

28
 COURSE –XXII: EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICS

Unit-1
Introduction to geophysics. Shape and size of earth. Gravitational field of the earth.
Variation of gravity on the earth’s surface. Principles of gravity methods and instruments
used. Gravity field surveys. Corrections applied to gravity data. The Bouguer anomaly.
Regional and residual anomalies. Gravity anomaly maps and their interpretation.
15 hours
Unit-2
Geomagnetic field of the earth. Magnetic properties of rocks. Principles of magnetic
methods. Instruments of magnetic surveying. Fluxgate magnetometer, Proton precision
magnetometer, alkali vapour magnetometer. Field surveys and data reductions.
Aeromagnetic surveys. Electrical methods: basic principles. Electrical surveying, self
potential and resisitivity surveying. Field procedures; profiling and sounding.
15 hours

Unit-3
Seismic methods: principles and instruments used. Seismic velocity and interpretation of
seismic data. Seismic reflection and refraction methods. Application in mineral and
petroleum exploration. 10 hours

Unit-4
Brief outline of various well logging techniques : self potential and resistivity logs,
radioactive logs, induction logs, caliper logs, sonic logs, bore hole video. Well logging
applications in petroleum, groundwater and mineral exploration. 10 hours

Recommended Books :-
Dobrin, M.B., (1976). Introduction to Geophysical Prospecting. Mcgraw Hill. London.
Lowrie, W. (1997). Fundamental of Geophyiscs, Cambridge Univ. Press. London.
Parasnis, D.S., (1975). Principles to Applied Geophysics. Chapman and Hall. N.Delhi
Sharma, P.V., (1986). Geophysical Methods in Geology. Elsevier, London
Sharma, P.V., (1987). Fundamentals of Geophysics, Cambridge Univ. Press London
W.M. telford, Applied Geophysics, Tata, Mcgraw Hill
Note for Theory paper setter:
1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

29
 COURSE –XXIII: ORE GEOLOGY

Unit-1
Modern concepts of ore genesis. Global metallogeny as related to crustal evolution in
space and time. Ore deposits and plate tectonics. Fluid inclusions and their significance in
ore geology. 10 hours
Unit-2
Mineral deposits associated with igneous (ultramafic, mafic, alkaline, felsic, mafic-
felsic), sedimentary (clastic, chemical, biochemical), metamorphic (contact and regional)
rocks vis a vis India and world classic examples. 15 hours
Unit-3
Some typical mineral deposits of the world such as residual, supergene enriched, black
smokers, Mn nodules and porphyry deposits. Resources and reserves and their
classification. 10 hours
Unit-4
Strategic, critical and essential minerals. India’s status in mineral production. Changing
patterns of mineral consumption. Importance of minerals in national economy. National
Mineral Policy. Mineral Concession Rules. Marine mineral Resources. 15 hours

Recommended Books:-
Craig, J.M. and Vaughan, D.J., (1981). Ore Petrography and Minerology, John Wiley.
Evans, A.M., (1993). Ore Geology and Industrial Minerals. Blackwell. Blackwell Sc.
Pub. London.
Guilbert, J.M. and Park, Jr. C.F., (1986). The Geology of Ore Deposits. Freeman Com.
NY.
Jense, M.L., Bateman, and A.M. (1981): Economic Mineral Deposits, John Wiley and
Sons.
Krishnaswamy, S. (1979): India’s Minerals Resources, Oxford and IBH Publ.
Sharma, N.L. and Ram, K.V.S. (1972): Introduction to India’s Economic Minerals,
Dhanbad Publ.
Sinha, R.K. & Sharma, N.L. (1988). Mineral Economics, 4th Edn Oxford & IBH. N.
Delhi
Smirnov, V.I. (1976). Geology of Mineral deposits Mir Publishers, Moscow.

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

30
COURSE –XXIV: ENVRONMENT GEOLOGY

Unit-1
Fundamental concepts of Environment Geology, natural ecosystems on the Earth and
their natural inter relations (Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere).
Environment aspects of natural resource development; water resources, mineral
resources, soil resources, fossil fuels. 15 hours

Unit-2
Natural hazards: landslides, floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, water logging, pollution,
their source, types and movement in air, soil, water and rocks, pollution of rivers, lakes
and groundwater remedial measures. 10 hours

Unit-3
Environment issues related to the silting of dams, reservoirs, lakes and remedial
measures, watershed management, concept of small dams waste disposal practices and
management. 10 hours

Unit-4
Environment management: impact assessment of degradation and contamination of
surface water and groundwater quality due to industrialization and urbanization. Disaster
management preparation of EIA. Climate change governance working and findings of
intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC). 15 hours
Recommended Books:-
Bell, F.G., (1999). Geological Hazards, routledge, Londan.
Bermtt, M.R. and Doyle, P. (1999), Environmntal Geology, John Willey & Sons, N.York.
Bryant, E., (1985). Natural Hazards, Cambridge University Press. London
Keller, E.A., (1978). Environment Geology, Bell and Howell, U.S.A.
Patwardhan, A.M., (1999). The Dynamic Earth System, Prentice Hall
Smith, K. (1992). Environment Hazards. Routledge, London.
Subramaniam, V., (2001). Textbook in Environmental Science, Narosa International.
Valdiya, K.S., (1987). Environment Geology-Indian Context. Tata Mcgraw Hill. N.Delhi.

Note for Theory paper setter:

1. Each question paper for end-semester examination will be of 80 marks.
2. The examiner should set nine questions in all. First Question will be compulsory
and should be from the entire syllabus. Examiner should set two questions each
from all the four units and the candidate is required to attempt one from each unit.
First question will carry 20 marks and remaining four questions will be of 15
marks each.
3. Internal assessment of 20 marks will be distributed as follows:
a. 5 marks for attendance
b. 15 marks for class tests, assignments and presentations etc.

31
 COURSE-XXV: Practical: Engineering and exploration geophysics
Engineering Geology:
 Study of properties of common rocks with reference to their utility in engineering
projects,
 Study of maps and models of important engineering structures as dam sites and
tunnels.
 Interpretation of Geological maps for landslide problems.
Exploration Geophysics:
 Interpretation of seismic and resistivity data,
 study of gravity data maps and their interpretation
 Interpretation of bore hole logs.

Recommended Books:
Bell F G, 1999: Geological Hazards. Rout ledge
Parbin Singh: Engineering and General Geology. KatsonPubl House
Sharma, P.V., (1986). Geophysical Methods in Geology. Elsevier, London

COURSE-XXVI: Practical: Ore Geology and Environment Geology

Ore Geology
 Megascopic study of structure and fabrics of different ores and their associations.
 Mineralogical and textural studies of common ore minerals under ore-
microscope.
Environment Geology
 Case studies of environment related problems. Study of seismic and flood-prone
areas of India.
 Study of environment impact of air pollution, groundwater, landslides,
deforestation, cultivation, and building construction in specified areas.

Recommended Books:
Krishnaswamy, S. (1979): India’s Minerals Resources, Oxford and IBH Publ.
Sinha, R.K. & Sharma, N.L. (1988). Mineral Economics, 4th Edn Oxford & IBH. N.
Delhi
Valdiya, K.S., (1987). Environment Geology-Indian Context. Tata Mcgraw Hill. N.Delhi.

32