Cad Lab Manual

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Course Title : Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

Version / Date : Ver. 1 / August 2018
Prepared By
Ms. Anjali Gupta Ms. Nonika N
Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Global Academy Of Technology
Ideal Homes Township Rajarajeshwari Nagar, Bengaluru – 560 098.
LABORATORY CERTIFICATE
This is to Certify that Mr. / Ms. ……………………………………………………………………………..
bearing USN ……1GA .............................................................................................................of the
department of Civil Engineering has satisfactorily completed the course of experiments / programs in
............................................................................................................................................... prescribed
by Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, in the Laboratory of this College in the year
……………………….
Name & Signature of the Course Instructor
MARKS
Maximum Obtained
Signature
20
Head of the Department
Date:
PREFACE
This manual is designed in accordance to the new syllabus (2015-16) prescribed by
V.T.U for the fifth semester Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing Laboratory(15CV54)
The objectives of this manual is focused on how to use AutoCAD Software as a drawing tool to
draw objects and to develop drawings of Civil Engineering, which are essential for drafting and design
purpose.
.
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Computer Aided Building Planning and
Dept. of Civil Engineering Drawing / 15CV54
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PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)
Engineering Graduates will be able to:
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

fundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex engineering
problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze complex
engineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and

design system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and

research methods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering

solutions in societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms of the engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or

leader in diverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
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10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the
engineering community and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the
engineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a member
and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
Program Specific Outcomes ( PSOs)

PSO1. Comprehend, analyze and design alternatives for execution of civil engineering
facilities
PSO2. Apply standard codes of practice and schedule of rates for planning, design, quality
control, estimating and costing of Civil engineering projects.
PSO3. Evaluate buildings for resource conservation.
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Computer Aided Building Planning And Drawing
Subject Code : 15CV54 IA Marks 20

No. of Lecture Hrs / Week : 4 (1T+3P) Exam Hours : 03
Total No. of Practical Hrs. : 50 Exam Marks :80
Module 1
Drawing Basics: Selection of scales for various drawings, thickness of lines,
dimensioning, abbreviations and conventional representations as per IS: 962.
Simple engineering drawings with CAD drawing tools: Lines, Circle, Arc, Polyline,
Multiline, Polygon, Rectangle, Spine, Ellipse, Modify tools: Erase, Copy, Mirror, Offset,
Array, Move, Rotate, Scale, Stretch, Lengthen, Trim, Extend, Break, Chamfer and Fillet,
Using Text: Single line text, Multiline text, Spelling, Edit text, Special Features: View
tools, Layers concept, Dimension tools, Hatching, Customizing toolbars, Working with
multiple drawings
12 Hours
Module 2
Drawings Related to Different Building Elements:
Following drawings are to be prepared for the data given using CAD Software
a) Cross section of Foundation, masonry wall, RCC columns with isolated & combined
footings.
b) Different types of bonds in brick masonry
c) Different types of staircases – Dog legged, Open well
d) Lintel and chajja
e) RCC slabs and beams
f) Cross section of a pavement
g) Septic Tank and sedimentation Tank 12 Hours
h) Layout plan of Rainwater recharging and harvesting system

i) Cross sectional details of a road for a Residential area with provision for all services
j) Steel truss (connections Bolted)
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Note: Students should sketch to dimension the above in a sketch book before doing the
computer drawing
Module 3
Building Drawings: Principles of planning, Planning regulations and building bye-laws,
factors affecting site selection, Functional planning of residential and public buildings,
design aspects for different public buildings. Recommendations of NBC. Drawing of Plan,
elevation and sectional elevation including electrical, plumbing and sanitary services using
CAD software for:
1. Single and Double storey residential building

2. Hostel building
3. Hospital building
4. School building
5. Submission drawing (sanction drawing) of two storied residential building with access to
terrace including all details and statements as per the local bye-laws. 26 Hrs
NOTE:
1) Two full questions from module 2 each carrying 30 marks. Students have to
answer any one question.
2) Two full questions from module 3 each carrying 50 marks. Students have to answer any
onequestion
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GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
Course Details
Course Name : Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

Course Code : 15CV54
Course prerequisite : Building Materials and Construction Technology, RCC
Course Outcomes
1. Comprehend the basic principles of building
planning and drawings as per codal provisions.
2. Apply the tools of AUTOCAD software to prepare structural drawings of

various building components
3. Prepare plan, elevation and sectional drawings of residential buildings in

AutoCAD software
4. Execute plan , elevation and sectional drawings of hostel, hospital, school

buildings in AutoCAD software.
Course Outcomes
Co’s Course outcome PO CL Class

Session
CO1 Comprehend the basic principles of PO1 U 12 Hrs
building planning and drawings as per codal

Provisions.
CO2 Apply the tools of AUTOCAD software to PO1, AP 12 Hrs

PO5,
prepare structural drawings of various PSO 1,
building components
CO3 PO1, AP 13 Hrs

Prepare plan, elevation and sectional
PO5,
drawings of residential buildings in Auto PSO1,
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GLOB GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY
CAD software. PSO 2
CO4 Execute plan ,elevation and sectional PO1, AP 13 Hrs

PO5,
drawings of hostel, hospital, school PSO1,
buildings in AutoCAD software PSO2
 R-Remember
 U-Understand
 AP-Apply
 AN-Analyze
 E-Evaluate
 CR-Create
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CYCLE OF EXPERIMENTS
Sl. Experiment / Program Name

No.
AUTO CAD
01 Basics of AutoCAD: Drawing Tools and Modifying Tools.
02 Cross section of Foundation , masonry wall, RCC columns with
isolated & combined footings
03 Different types of bonds in Brick Masonry
04 Different types of Staircases -Dog legged and Open well Staircase.
05 Lintel and chajja.
06 RCC Slabs and Beams.
07 Cross-section of Pavement.
08 Septic Tank and Sedimentation tank
09 Steel truss (Bolted Connection)
10 Layout plan of Rainwater recharging and harvesting system
11 Single storey residential building- plan, elevation and sectional elevation
12 Double-storey residential building
13 Hostel building
14 Hospital building
15 School building
16 VIVA Questions
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CONTENTS
SL. PAGE
NO. NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT NO.
MODULE I
Basic AutoCAD Drawing Tools: Lines, Circle, Arc, Polyline,

Multiline, Polygon, Rectangle, Spline, Ellipse, Modifying Tools:
Erase, Copy, Mirror, Offset, Array, Move, Rotate, Scale, Stretch,
1.1 Lengthen, Trim, Extend, Break, Chamfer and Fillet Text: Single 14-31
line, Multi line, Spelling, Edit text, Special Features: View tools,
Layers concept, Dimension tools, Hatching, Customizing tool bars,
Working with multiple drawings.
MODULE II
To draw cross section of Foundation – masonry wall, RCC columns
2.1 32-37
isolated & combined footing using AutoCAD.
2.2 Different types of bonds in Brick Masonry 38
2.3 To draw Different types of Staircases using AutoCAD. 39-42
2.4 To draw Lintel and chajja using AutoCAD. 43
2.5 To draw RCC Slabs and Beams using AutoCAD. 44-47
2.6 Cross-section of Pavement. 48
2.8 Septic tank & Sedimentation tank 49-50
2.9 Steel truss 50
3.0 Layout plan of Rainwater recharging and harvesting system 52
3.1 Cross section of residential road 53
MODULE III
3.1 Single storey and two-storey residential building 54-56
3.2 School building 57
3.3 Hospital building 58
3.4 Hostel building 59
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1.DRAWING SOFTWARE
AUTOCAD
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1.1. Introduction
The AutoCAD software is launched by Autodesk. This software is mainly developed

initially for the drawing as before 1995 the drawings was done manually using mini-drafter
, therefore was very time consuming and making modifications was very difficult. It
version version was developed in 1982 and was called Comdex.
In order to execute the drawings on the field, one must be able to read the drawings.
AutoCAD makes it easier to draw and interpret the drawings. AutoCAD is a tool in which
we can draw and modify any type of drawings using different commands such as line,
rectangle, construction line etc. In AutoCAD we can do two dimensional as well as three
dimensional drawings.
This AutoCAD tool is very user friendly because we can do modify very easily and
copy the drawings ‘n’ number of times such that the original drawing can be retained as it is
in the same working window , this helps in keeping both old and revised drawings.
The use of AutoCAD has spread widely all over the world because of its simple in
user-friendly nature. AutoCAD has many versions such as AutoCAD 2000, 2001, 2002,
2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007,2008,2009, 2010,2011,2014,2016, 2017 and the latest being
2019. The file format of AutoCAD is .dwg
Applications of AutoCAD
 AutoCAD improves the productivity of the designer to visualize the product

and its component, parts and reduces the time required in synthesizing,
analyzing and documenting the design.
 AutoCAD system permits a more detailed engineering analysis and a larger
number of design alternatives can be investigated.
 The use of AutoCAD system provides better engineering drawings, more
standardization in the drawing, and better documentation of the design, few
drawing errors and legibility.
 AutoCAD serves as engineering drafting tool for designing various components,

while minimizing human errors.
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 AutoCAD’s innate features that enable its users to plan out architectural spaces, map them out
and can be used simultaneously with 3D Max, Maya and other design/animation tools when the
need arises. AutoCAD supports the use of DWG and DXF files which can be exported from its
interface to those of other advanced CAD applications to aid animation projects.
AutoCAD vs Manual Drawings

1. AutoCAD is easier to understand and is user- friendly.
2. AutoCAD is much faster than manual drawings. Hence, its less time consuming.
3. It is more accurate, therefore, errors are reduced.
4. Creating backups easier, hence no problem of storage.
5. Etransmit option in AutoCAD, enables the user to transfer his/her document easily to the client in
any part of the world.
6. Updation and modification is much easier.
Launching AutoCAD
Choose the AutoCAD icon from the desktop and double click.
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Graphical User Interface
Coordinate System
When specifying positions you can use Cartesian or Polar Coordinates. Cartesian
coordinates are simply a X value, a comma, and a Y value, for example: 100,100. Polar
coordinates are a Distance followed by a < symbol and an angle, for example: 10<25.
Angles are measured in degrees, with 0 = East and 90 = North. Any of these numbers can
have decimal values.
The Graphical User Interface (GUI) of AutoCAD contains the Quick Access Toolbar, Title Bar,
Ribbon, Status Bar, UCS icon, application menu, workspace etc.
1. Application Menu The application menu contains basic commands pertaining to the drawing as a
whole, such as Open, Save, Print, and Export.
2. Quick Access Toolbar is a customizable area of the interface where you can add your favorite or
frequently used commands.
3. Title bar contains the title of the project and the version of AutoCAD used.
4. Ribbon is below the title bar. The menus and toolbars have been replaced with the ribbon, which
helps you to find the commands quickly.
5. Drawing Area covers maximum space on the interface. All the drawings are drawn in this area.
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6. Command Bar is a palette where you can type in commands and view history of the commands.
7. View Cube is in the upper right, from which you can change the view and UCS. Just below that is
the NavBar that gives you controls for zooming, panning, orbiting, and more.
8. UCS Icon User Coordinate System is in the lower left hand corner which tell you the general
orientation. UCS helps to orientate the drawing with respect to the current co-ordinate system
and in particular, to know where the co-ordinate system origin is located.
9. Status Bar The Status bar displays some important details like the scheduling mode of new tasks
(manual or automatic)
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AUTOCAD TOOLS:
Command Description Option
DRAWING TOOLS:
1. Open Opens an existing file
Application menu Open
2. Units Allows you to set the unit

type (Architectural or
Application menu Utilities
Decimal), angle display
format (degrees-minutes- Drawing setup
seconds, or decimal
degrees), and precision of
the units,
3. Limits Changes the imaginary It sets lower left corner and upper
boundaries of the drawing,
right corner.
and controls whether
drawing can be made Type limits on the command bar.
outside of the boundaries.
If Limit- checking is ON,
drawing cannot be done
outside of limits.
4. Dimension style creates and modifies ----

-
dimension styles
5. Properties Controls properties of Select the and right click, the various
properties of the object will be
existing object displayed
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6. Line Used to draw straight line,  At command line just type L
between two specified and press enter
points  On the ribbon click on the
line icon.
Any of the above options can be
used to draw a line. AUTOCAD
will ask you to specify the first
point, click on a point and move the
mouse. AutoCAD will now ask
‘specify the next point or [undo]’.
Respond by clicking at another
point. AutoCAD will keep asking
‘specify the next point or [undo]’,
until you finish the command by
pressing Enter.
7. Construction Draws a line to full page at  At command line just type

line any angle. CL and press enter
or
 On the ribbon click on the
construction line icon.
8. Multiline Allows you to draw 1 to  On command line type ‘ml’

6 lines parallel to each
other, by specifying the
distance between the lines.
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9. Poly-line Creates a closed polyline  H sets the half-width of the

of a boundary by picking polyline segments
 U Undoes previous segment
an open area within an  W sets the width of poly-line
area enclosed by lines, segments
arcs or circles.
Unlike the standard line

they can have width and
they can follow curved
path. To draw poly-line
you need to give start and
end point. Other options
are to be selected only
after the first point
chosen.
10. Spline Allows you draw a curve.  On command line type spline.
You need to specify the

different points on the
screen and curve passing
through all the points will
be drawn.
11. Polygon Draws regular polygons  E Specifies size and rotation

of polygon by picking
with a specified number
endpoints of one edge
of sides. Polygons are  C Circumscribes polygon
around a circle
Polyline entities
 I Inscribes polygon within a
circle
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12. Arc Draws an arc. The default  A Included angle

 C Center point of arc
method of drawing arcs is
 D Direction angle of a line
selecting three points (so- tangent to the arc
called "3 point arc"),  E Endpoint of arc
 L Length of chord passing
which are the two thru both endpoints of the arc
endpoints of the arc and  R Radius
 S Start point of arc
some other point along its
locus. Other methods of
drawing an arc can be
specified by three letters,
such as SEA, which
means "Start Point, End
Point, and included angle.
13. Circle Draws a circle of any  2P Specifies circle by picking

2 points on the diameter
size. The default method
 3P Specifies circle by picking
is to pick a center point 3 points through which the
circle will pass
and pick a point on the
 D Allows entering the
radius or type the radius diameter dimension instead of
dimension, but other radius dimension
 TTR Specifies circle by
methods can be selected picking two lines, arcs or
circles for the circle to be
tangent to, and entering the
dimension of the radius
 <RET> Enters radius of circle
(the default)
14. Rectangle Draws a rectangle. You  ‘A’ on command line will
give you rectangle of
can select rectangle,
specified area. AutoCAD will
AutoCAD will ask you to ask you to specify the area.
When you enter area it will
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‘specify the first corner’, ask you specify the length.

 ‘D’ on command line will
click on a point.
give rectangle with specified
AutoCAD will ask you dimensions. AutoCAD will
ask you specify the length and
to ‘specify the opposite
then width.
corner’, click on another
point.
15. Ellipses This command is used to  C Allows specification of
Center point of ellipse rather
draw ellipse. The first two
than first axis endpoint
points of the ellipse  R Allows specification of
determine the location and eccentricity rotation rather
than length of second axis
length of the first axis.
The third point determines
the distance between the
center of the ellipse and
the end point of the
second axis.
16. Donut Draws filled rings with  Select donut option from
menu
specified inside and
 It will ask you for inner
outside diameters diameter, specify it.
 Next it will ask for outer
diameter specify it.
MODIFYING
TOOLS
17. Erase Erases selected entity from
Type E on the keyboard and select
the drawing. the object you want to delete
18. Copy Draws a copy of selected M Allows multiple copies to be

objects using two methods -- made of an object
"base point" method, or ( in drawing which have similar
"displacement" method. object occurring many times such
as doors window will have to be
drawn a number of times, the
COPY command can be used
repeatable to save time.)
19. Mirror Reflects or makes mirror Type MI on the keyboard and select
image of existing or the object you want to mirror
designated entities about a
user-specified axis.
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20. Offset Creates a new line, polyline, <number> specifies offset

arc or circle parallel to the distance
entity and at a specified T "Through" allows specification
distance from it. of a point through which the
offset line, polyline, arc or circle
is to pass
21. Array Makes multiple copies of The operation of array varies
depending on type of array you
selected objects in a
choose. In rectangular pattern
rectangular (parallel with the AutoCADasks for the number of
rows (Horizontal) and
snap rotation) or circular
columns(Vertical) to be
pattern. Each resulting object constructed.
can be manipulated
independently.
22. Move Moves designated entities Type M on the keyboard and select
from their present location to the object you want to move
another location without
changing their size and
orientation.
23. Rotate Rotates the object around a  Select the objects to rotate,
then specify the base point
central rotation point.
about which the rotation is
to occur
 Specify the angle through
which the rotation should
occur
24. Stretch Allows moving a portion of  Allows lengthening or
shortens the object.
a drawing while retaining
 Crossing window or
their connections to other polygon must cross the
parts of the drawing. You objects you want to
stretch.
cannot stretch Blocks, Hatch  Any object lies completely
patterns, or Text entities, within the selection
window is moved.
however.  You need to enter the base
point and amount of
stretch.
25. Lengthening Increases or decreases the Type len on the keyboard
and select the object you
length of objects want to lengthen and by
how much.
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26. Trim Erases a portion of selected  AutoCAD will ask you for
cutting edge.
entities crossing the “cutting
 Once the cutting edge is
edge” specified by you. selected it will ask you for
object that you want to get
rid off.
 Select the object you will
get rid off it.
27. Extend Extends the length of a line,
arc, or polyline to meet a ----
specified "boundary”
28. Break Erases part of a line, arc or -----

circle, or splits it into two
lines
or arcs
29. Chamfer Creates a chamfer (a angled D Sets chamfer distances

line connection) at the P Chamfers an entire polyline
intersection of two lines
30. Fillet Constructs an arc of P Fillets an entire Polyline at the

specified radius between two vertices
lines, arcs, circles, or will R Allows setting of the fillet
create arcs of the specified radius. Default value is 0. Radius
radius at the vertices of a remains set until changed again
polyline. Radius of the arc to
be constructed may be set to
0, which will make a sharp
corner
31. Explode Separates a block, dimension
or hatch pattern into its -----
constituent entities or makes
a polyline into a series of
straight lines
32. Hatch Fills an enclosed area or <pattern-name> uses hatch pattern

selected objects with a hatch name from library file to fill
pattern, solid fill, or gradient designated area with a pseudo-
fill. block hatch entity -- can be
reduced to individual lines and
points by Exploding it.
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33. Pedit Allows editing of polylines C Closes an open polyline

which are already drawn D curves, or returns a Spline
curve to its control frame or series
of connected straight lines
E Edit vertices
F Fits curve to a polyline -- makes
a series of straight lines into a
curve which will pass through the
vertices
J Joins a line or arc or another
polyline to an open polyline
L Toggles line type generation to
be either a continuous pattern of
dashes passing through the
vertices, or a pattern which starts
and ends at each vertex
O Opens a closed polyline
S Uses the polyline vertices as a
frame for a Spline Curve -- type
of Spline Curve is set by the
Variable "Spline type."
34. Osnap Enables points to be can be transparent
precisely located on CEN Centre of arc or circle
reference points of existing END closest Endpoint of arc or
objects. This is the so-called line
"Running Mode" of OSNAP, INS Insertion point of Text or
which sets selection method Block
to run continuously until set INT Intersection of line, arc, or
to NONE (none) or until circle
overridden by selecting MID Midpoint of line, arc,
another "Interrupt Mode" rectangle side, or polygon side
OSNAP method from the NEA Nearest point selected by
cursor menu. Combinations aperture on line, polyline, arc, or
of OSNAP methods can be circle
used by selecting NOD Node (another name for a
a series of options separated Point)
by commas. For instance, if NON None -- used when a
you want ot always pick "Running OSNAP" is on to
either endpoints or temporarily turn off OSNAP
intersection points when selection
locating endpoints of lines, PER Perpendicular point to line,
you would issue the arc or circle -- when used with an
command as follows: arc or circle it will draw a line to
OSNAP <RET> END,INT the surface of the arc or circle
<RET> heading toward the center point
QUA Quadrant point of arc or
circle (top, bottom, right or left
side)
QUI Quick mode -- this is a
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modifier to one of the other

OSNAP options -- it will find the
first point that meets the
requirements, not necessarily the
closest point to the aperture.
TAN Tangent point to arc or
circle
35. Ortho Constrains drawing so that
only lines aligned with the
grid can be drawn, usually
means only horizontal or
vertical lines, however, if the
crosshairs are rotated
through the "Snap" "Rotate"
command sequence, the lines
drawn are constrained to
being parallel with the -----
crosshair rotation. Constraint
can be overridden by
snapping to a point or by
entering exact coordinates
for endpoints
36. Measure Places points (or, optionally, B specifies that a defined Block is
Blocks) at intervals along a to be used as a marker instead of a
selected line, polyline, arc or point.
circle. The interval distance
is given by the user. If points
are used as the marker to be
placed along the entity, they
are not visible unless the
Point type is set to type 3
with the PDMODE
command.
37. Scale Alters the size of existing R Resizes with respect to a
objects reference size
38. Text Draws text characters of any  Text is very important in

size with selected styles precision drawings such as
those produced by
AUTOCAD. Text is an
object on drawing, just
like line or circle. This is
open to same editing
commands like scale,
move and erase.
AutoCAD gives you two
options
 Single line.
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 Multiline or
39. Divide Places points along a line,  Select the object.
polyline, arc, or circle,  AutoCAD will ask you to
dividing it into the specified specify the number of
number of equal parts divisions or parts. Enter it
you get that object divided
into specified number of
segments.
40. Leader Draws a line or series of
lines with an arrow head
(commonly called a
"leader") to point to an
object to notate it. This
command will also prompt
you for the note at the end of
the leader line, but it will
allow only one line of text.
The most useful method of -------
using this command is to
simply draw leaders between
the object to be notated and
text that you create with the
DTEXT command
41. Linear Draws the dimension of a -------

line linearly
dimension
42. Aligned Draws a linear dimension

with the dimension line -------
dimension
parallel to the selected
dimension origin points.
This lets you align a
dimension with an angled
line that is not either exactly
horizontal or vertical
43. Angular Draws an arc and calculates
the angle between two non-
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parallel lines, and draws the

text and arrowheads. -------
Arrowheads are the standard
AutoCAD filled triangles,
regardless of your defined
Arrow Block
44. Base-line Continues a linear dimension
from the baseline (the so-
dimension -------
called "first extension line")
of the previous or selected
dimension. This is not
frequently used in
architectural dimensions
45. Centre Draws a pair of crossed lines
at the center of a circle or arc -------
on the current layer
46. Diameter Draws a dimension through

the center of a circle or arc,
calculating the diameter, -------
with one of the arrow heads
located at the point on the
circle or arc which is picked
47. Radius Draws the radius dimension
of an arc or circle from the
center to the point on its -------
locus where the arc or circle
was selected.
Function and Accelerator Keys
Sl.no FUNCTION KEY COMMAND
1. F1 Online Help
2. F3 Osnap ON/OFF
3. F6 Coords On/Off
4. F7 Grid On/Off
5. F8 Ortho On/Off
6. F9 Snap On/Off
7. F11 Object Snap Tracking ON/OFF
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8. Press CTRL + C To COPYCLIP
9. Press CTRL + V To PASTE CLIP
10. Press CTRL + G To turn GRID on/off
11 Press CTRL + N To create a NEW drawing
12. Press CTRL + O To OPEN an existing drawing.
13. Press CTRL + P to PLOT a drawing
14. Press CTRL + S To save a drawing.
15. Press CTRL + X To cut to Clipboard.
16. Press CTRL + Z To UNDO
17. Press CTRL + A To select all
AutoCAD Short Cuts

DRAWING COMMANDS
Sl.no COMMAND SHORT CUT
1. Line L
2. Multiline ml
3. Poly line pl
4. 3D Poly line 3d poly
5. Polygon pol
6. Rectangle Rec
7. Arc a
8. Circle c
9. Donut do
10. Spline spl
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11 Ellipse El
12. Block b
13. Write block w
14. Insert I
15. Hatch H
16. Text T
17. Dimension Dim
EDITING COMMANDs (modifying)
1. Change properties ch change
2. Erase E
3. Copy C
4. Mirror Mi
5. Offset O
6. Array Ar
7. Move M
8. Rotate Ro
9. Scale sc
10. Stretch S
11 Lengthen Len
12. Trim Tr
31
GLOB
13. Extend Ex
14. Break Br
15. Chamfer Cha
16. Fillet F
17. Explode X
18. Layer LA
19. Units UN
20. Zoom Z
21. Regen Re
Special features:
1. LAYERS:
An AutoCAD drawing can be constructed over several layers. A layer is like
transparent sheet of paper which holds drawing objects. For example, a drawing of plans of
house could be constructed as follows. The walls would occupy layer called “Walls”, the
doors and windows would be placed on layer called “fitting”, etc. when a drawing is
structured in this way you have control over numerous of works.
AutoCAD supplies you with one default layer named as “0” (Zero). Any other
layers must be created by you, the user, although you can assign as many layers as you like
to a drawing. A layer is not limited in number of objects it can hold. Each layer should have
a distinct name.
Layers always lie directly under each other and cannot be moved. Layer can be
made visible or invisible, and can be assigned colour or line type so that each object drawn
on the layer will be in specified colour and line type.
Often the colour of line type is used to indicate the thickness of a line. Even if the
printer/plotter device you use in monochrome, assigning colours to layers can be very
important.
28
Dept. of Civil engineering Computer Aided Building Planning and
Drawing / 15CV54
Setting up New Layer:
Here we will set up two layers called walls and fitting. To create a new layer, first
issue the layer command.
Command line: layer

Menu: format-- layer
1) In the layer properties manger dialogue box, click on new. Controls which layers are
displayed in the list here. Hold the names of all the layers setup for this drawing.
2) Type in a layer named “Walls” and press enter. The wall layer is now in place, click
on show details to see its properties.
3) Try creating a new layer called “fitting”
Assigning colour to layer:
Assigning a colour to a layer that everything drawn on that layer will take on that
colour.
1) Click on colour box in the colour column.

2) Click on the colour red for the walls layer in the select colour dialogue box. Click
on it.
3) Assign the colour green to the layer fitting.
Making a layer current:
A layer must be current before you can draw on it. To make the layer “walls”
current, carry out the following easy steps:
1) Click on the layer name in the layer properties manager dialogue box, then click on
current button
2) Click Ok to return to the Drawing editor
3) The object properties tool bars at the top of the screen, will show the name of the
current layer and its colour.
29
Drawing / 15CV54
Making layers visible or invisible:
AutoCAD allows you to switch a layer “off” (invisible) or “on” (visible).
Complex drawing may become cluttered, which can make it difficult to select objects for
editing or drawing. This clutter may be reduced by making a layer invisible, if you are not
working on it. When a layer is made invisible, the objects drown on it disappear from the
screen, but they still exist and part of the drawing. Layer which are invisible are not printed.
This has the advantage of allowing you to print selected layer of the drawing.
For example, a builder of house may not be interested in furnishing which an

interior designer has placed on the drawing. The furnishing layer can be made invisible and
the drawing is then plotted for builder.
Several layers can be made invisible if required. The icons for visible is a glowing
light bulb. Invisibility is shown by a dull light bulb.
2. LINETYPES:
The default line type in AutoCAD is continuous, everything you draw is shown
with a continuous line type. To draw with a dashed or dotted (or other) line type you need
to look in the two libraries of line types supplied.
How to access a line type:
The steps for using a line type are: firstly the line type must be loaded in AutoCAD from
library, and secondly set as current status.
How to use a line type:
Once a line type is loaded into AutoCAD, you are ready to use it by making it ‘current’.
That can be done in one of the following
 Assigning it to layer-this is called the By layer method
 Assign it to a block-this is called by block method
 Assign it to an object-to do this you just make the line type current and draw.
30
Drawing / 15CV54
How to load line type:
1) In the object properties toolbar click on the line type, control down arrow or type
line type at the command line.
2) Click on other. The line type manager is displayed.
3) Click on load.
4) Make sure acadiso.lin is in this box. If it is not then click on file and select it from
library list.
5) Click on the line type you want to load. - Try dash and click ok.
6) The line type is now loaded and added to the list in the line type manager dialogue
box. You may use the line type in your drawing now.
3. Dimension tools
In many application, a precise drawing plotted to a scale is not sufficient to
convey the desired information, annotation must be added showing the lengths of
objects or the distance or the angles between objects. Dimensioning is the process of
adding this annotation to drawing.
In order to understand the dimension features, it is necessary to know few

terms that are used very often
Dimension line: It is a line with arrows at the end which represents the extent of
given dimension.
Arrows: The symbol at the end of the dimension line may vary with the Indivials
preference. AutoCAD is very flexible in this feature allowing usual arrow block to
be replaced with ticks, dots etc. the size of which can be varied.
Extension lines: Generally dimension are drown a little away from measured
objects. In order to clearly specify the extent of measured dimension two straight
ines are drawn from the object perpendicular to the dimension line. These line are
known as extension lines.
Dimension text: This is the text that specifies the actual measurement. The default
text string accompanies the dimension is the one computed automatically by
AutoCAD. This text can be replaced with desired text or can be completely
suppressed. The dimension text style will be the current text style.
31
Drawing / 15CV54
Leader: Sometimes the dimension text may be moved a suitable place since it does
not fit near the object. In such cases a pointer line with an arrow at the end is
necessary between the objects and the text.
4. Blocks:
A block is a collection of objects that are combined into a single named object.
Some of these blocks are realistic representations of objects, some are symbols, and
one of them is an architectural title block for a D-size drawing. The term “Blocks”
is used in AutoCAD to describe repeatable items that you place in your
drawings. Also, sometimes called Symbols.
There are two main reasons why we use blocks in our AutoCAD drawings. The first
reason is speed, once we draw a symbol, we will never have to draw it again. We
have to select it and drop it into our drawing
The second reason is file size, using blocks will greatly reduce the file size of your
saved drawing sheet.
Creating Block:
1. Create the objects for the block.
2. Start the BLOCK command.
3. Enter a name for the block
4. Select the objects that you created for the block
5. Specify the block insertion point.
6. Choose Convert to block.
6. Click OK.
Saving the block:

1. Type wblock in the command bar.
2. Give a name to the block.
3. Click on browse and choose a location where you want to save the block.
4. Click OK.
29
Dept. of Civil engineering Drawing / 15CV54
Inserting Block:
1. Type I on the command bar.
2. Locate the file that you saved as a block.
3. Specify the insertion point
4. Click OK.
5. Dynamic Blocks:
Dynamic blocks contain rules, or parameters, for how to change the appearance of the block
reference when it is inserted in the drawing.
With dynamic blocks you can insert one block that can change shape, size, or configuration instead
of inserting one of many static block definitions. For example, instead of creating multiple interior door
blocks of different sizes, you can create one resizable door block.
6. To take the print
Click on plot from application menu. Choose the page size and click ok.
7. External reference (Xref)
You can insert any drawing file as an external reference or xref in the current drawing.
You can attach an entire drawing file to the current drawing as a referenced drawing (xref). With
xrefs, changes made in the referenced drawing are reflected in the current drawing. Attached xrefs
30
are linked to, but not actually inserted in, another drawing. Any changes to a referenced drawing are
displayed in the current drawing when it is opened or reloaded. Therefore, with xrefs you can build
drawings without significantly increasing the drawing file size.
By using referenced drawings, you can
 Coordinate your work with the work of others by referencing other drawings in your drawing to keep up
with the changes being made by other designers. You can also assemble a master drawing from
component drawings that may undergo changes as a project develops.
 Ensure that the most recent version of the referenced drawing is displayed. When you open your
drawing, each referenced drawing is automatically reloaded, so it reflects the latest state of the
referenced drawing file.
 Keep the names of layers, dimensioning styles, text styles, and other named elements in your drawing
separate from those in referenced drawings.
 Merge (bind) attached referenced drawings permanently with your current drawing when the project is
complete and ready to be archived.
31
CIVIL ENGINEERING DRAWINGS USING AutoCAD
1. Cross-Section of Foundation and Masonry Wall
Draw cross-section of a SSM foundation to be provided for a load

bearing wall of 230 mm thick in burnt brick masonry in superstructure
of a residential building for the following given details.
i) Width of the foundation=1 m

ii) Depth of the foundation below GL=1.05 m
iii) Thickness of PCC =150 mm
iv) Width of PCC=1000 mm
v) Width of plinth beam=300 mm
vi) Thickness of plinth beam=300 mm
vii) Thickness of DPC in 1:2:4= 25 mm
viii) Width of 1st footing above PCC =740 mm
ix) Width of 2nd footing above PCC=570 mm
x) Width of 3rd footing above PCC= 300 mm
xi) Depth of each footing = 300 mm
xii) Plinth level is 500 mm above the ground level.
32
33
2. Isolated RCC Column Footing

Draw sectional elevation, plan of footing reinforcement for an isolated RCC
column footing for the following given details:
i) Size of the column=300 X 400 mm
ii) Height of the column above GL=3200 mm
iii) Depth of footing = 800 mm at the column footing junction and reduces
to 250 mm at the end where it rests on concrete.
iv) Thickness of concrete bed= 200 mm
v) Size of footing=2000 X 2000 mm
vi) Longitudinal reinforcement in the column= 4 bars of 20 mm diameter.
vii) Transverse reinforcement= 8mm HYSD bars @ 200 mm c/c
viii) Footing reinforcement= a mesh of steel bars of 12 mm diameter placed
@150 mm C/C in both directions.
ix) Clear cover to column reinforcement= 40 mm
x) Clear cover to footing reinforcement=50 mm
xi) Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.
34
35
3. Combined RCC Column Footing

Draw sectional elevation, plan of footing reinforcement for a combined RCC
column footing for the following given details:
i) Size of the column=400 X 400 mm
ii) Size of footing=4000 X 2000 mm
iii) Depth of footing = 600 mm
iv) Thickness of concrete bed= 200 mm
v) Centre to centre distance between two columns= 2000 mm
vi) Longitudinal reinforcement in the column= 8 bars of 20 mm diameter.
vii) Transverse reinforcement= 8mm HYSD bars @ 200 mm c/c
viii) Footing reinforcement= Top mat 12 mm diameter placed @150 mm
and bottom mat 12 mm diameter placed @100 mm c/c.
ix) Clear cover to column reinforcement= 40 mm
x) Clear cover to footing reinforcement=50 mm
36
37
4. English Bond and Flemish Bond.
38
5. Dog-Legged Staircase
Draw plan and sectional elevation of dog legged staircase for the following
details given below.
i) Floor to floor height=3300 mm
ii) Stair room measures = 2000 X 4500 mm
iii) Width of the flight= 1000 mm
iv) Steps= Tread-250 mm, Rise-150 mm
v) Width of the landing = 1000 mm
vi) Thickness of RC slab supporting each flight= 150 mm.
vii) Main reinforcement in slab= 10 mm diameter bars at 150 mm C/C
viii) Distribution reinforcement= 6 mm diameter bars @ 200 mm C/C.
ix) Clear cover=25 mm & Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.
6. Open well Staircase

Design stair case for hospital building for the following data:
Stair case hall: 5.4m x 4.5m , Height of each floor : 3.45m, Thickness of floor slab:
150 mm
Width of stair: 1500 mm, Thickness of waist slab: 150 mm, Thickness of Landing
slab: 150 mm
Draw the plan and sectional elevation through first flight.
39
ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN MM

40
Open well Staircase
41
All Dimensions are in mm
42
7. Lintel and chejja

Draw a lintel and chejja for the following details given below.
i) Width of wall= 300 mm
ii) Depth of lintel 200 mm
iii) Projection of chejja= 1000 mm
iv) Depth of chejja at the free end= 75 mm
v) Main reinforcement in lintel= 3#10 bars
vi) Anchor reinforcement= 2#8 bars
vii) Clear cover=25 mm
viii) Transverse reinforcement= 6 mm dia 2LVS @200 c/c
ix) Reinforcement in chejja= 8 mm dia @150 mm c/c.(both ways)
x) Clear cover=15 mm
43
8. RCC slabs
a. One way slab

Draw plan and section along short span of one way slab for the following details
i) Dimensions of the room= 3000 X 9000 mm
ii) Thickness of slab= 150 mm
iii) Support thickness= 230 mm
iv) Main steel in slab= 10 mm dia bars @150 mm c/c
v) Distribution steel= 8 mm dia bars @250 mm c/c.
vi) Clear cover=15 mm
vii) Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.
44
b) Prepare plan and section along both spans for two slab for the following details
i) Size of the room= 4000 X 5500
iii) Support width=230 mm
iv) Main reinforcement along shorter direction= 10 mm dia bars @175 mm c/c
v) Main reinforcement along longer direction= 8 mm dia bars @ 250 mm c/c
vii) Use Fe 415 steel and M 20 grade concrete
45
9. RCC Beams
a) Singly reinforced beam

Draw longitudinal section and cross section of singly reinforced beam for the
following details
i) Size of the beam= 300 X 450 mm
ii) Support width= 230 mm
iii) Clear span= 3000 mm
iv) Tensile reinforcement= 3 bars of 16 mm diameter
v) Shear reinforcement= 8 mm diameter 2 LVS @150 mm c/c
vi) Anchor bars= 2 bars of 12 mm diameter.
vii) Steel used Fe 415 and concrete M 20.

46
b) Doubly reinforced beam

Draw longitudinal section and cross-section of the doubly reinforced beam for
the following details.
viii) Clear span= 6000 mm
ix) Size of the beam= 300 X 600 mm
x) Support width= 230 mm
xi) Tensile reinforcement= 3 bars of 20 mm diameter
xii) Compression reinforcement= 3 bars of 16 mm diameter
xiii) Shear reinforcement= 8 mm diameter 2 LVS @150 mm c/c
All Dimensions are in mm
47
10. Cross-section of Pavement
48
11. Septic Tank
49
12. Sedimentation tank
13. Steel Truss
Draw steel truss to a scale of 1:100 or as specified in the question
Draw half the section of steel truss as the remaining half is mirror copy and drawing
the entire length in 1:100 scales is not possible.
Draw the centre line of the truss horizontally to a length

of L/2 Divide this length into 3 parts (L/6) and mark the
points
Draw a line vertically from the right end of the centre line.
To an angle of 300 at the extreme left draw a line up to the point where this line reaches
vertical line drawn from right end of the centre line. This forms a triangle of the truss
Divide the inclined line into 4 equal parts. And mark the points.
Join the points from horizontal line and inclined lines as shown in the
figure All the lines drawn from the above steps are to be done as
centre line.
On either side of the centre line draw two lines parallel to it for a length of 150 mm or as
specified in the question (angle dimensions are 150 mm x 150 mm x 12 mm)
Draw gusset plates. Assume 12 mm dia bolts/rivets.
50
51
14. Rainwater Harvesting Layout
52
15. Cross Sectional details of a road for a Residential Area
Building Components:
53
16. Plan elevation and section buildings
a. Residential building
Draw plan, elevation and section for the residential building for the following
diagram.
54
b) Draw plan, elevation and section for the residential building for the
following diagram.
55
c) Draw plan, elevation and section for the double storey residential building
for the following diagram.
56
17. School Building
57
18. Hospital
58
19) Water Supply and Sanitary Layout for Residential Building
59
VIVA QUESTIONS
1. AutoCAD software belongs to which company?
2. What is the file format of Auto CAD?
3. What are different drawing tools?
4. What is the purpose of using multiline?
5. What is the use of ARC and what is the short cut for it?
6. Where do you use Spline in Civil Engineering Drawings?
7. What is the function of Object tracking?
8. What is the function of polar tracking?
9. What is the function of ortho mode and what is the short cut for it?
10. What is the function of Object snapping?
11. What are Different modifying tools?
12. What is application of fillet in civil Engineering Drawings?
13. What tool will you use for creating reinforcement in cross section?
14. What is the use of layers in drawings?
15. What is use of stretch tool?
16. What is the use of Scale and what is the Shortcut for it?
17. Which tool do you use for dimensioning?
18. What is the use of make block tool?
19. Explain the procedure for creating a set of objects having one object as reference?
20. How do you decide the Drawing limits for a drawing?
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Computer Aided Design Laboratory- Dr M.N.Shesha Prakash, Dr.G.S.Suresh,

Lakshmi Publications
2. Building Planning and drawing by Dr N. KumaraSwamy and A. Kameshwara Rao
3. AUTOCAD 2004- Sham Tickoo, A beginner’s Guide, Wiley Dreamtech India Pvt Ltd.
60
4. Civil Engineering Drawing - Chakraborthy

5. Reinforced Concrete Design-Pillai & Menon, TMH Education private
Limited.
CODE BOOKS
1. IS-456-2000:Plain and Reinforced Concrete- Code of practice.
2. SP-16(1980): Design aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS456-2000.
3. IS 962-1989: Code of practice for architectural and building drawing
4. National Building Code, BIS, New Delhi
56
Dept. of Civil engineering Computer Aided Design Lab / 10CVL58
Global Academy of Technology
Accredited by NAAC- ‘A’ grade
(Approved by AICTE, New Delhi and affiliated to VTU- Belagavi)
LAB MANUAL
Student Name :
USN :
Academic Year : 2018 – 2019 (EVEN SEMESTER)
Programme (UG/PG) : UG
Year / Semester : III Year/ VI Semester
Course Code : 15CVL67
Course Title : SOFTWARE APPLICATION LABORATORY
Prepared By
Mrs. Reshmi S Ms. Nonika N Ms. Anjali Gupta

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
GLOBAL ACADEMY OF TECHNOLOGY SOFTWARE APPLICATION LAB
Course Details
Course Name : Software Application Lab

Course prerequisite : Strength of Materials, Structural Analysis,
RCC, Surveying
Course objectives
This course will enable students to
1. Use industry standard software in a professional setup.
2. Understand the elements of finite element modeling, specification of loads and boundary
condition, performing analysis and interpretation of results for final design
3. Develop customized automation tools.
Course outcome
Subject code: 15CVL67 Subject: SOFTWARE APPLICATION LAB
COs COURSE OUTCOMES CL No. of

sessions
CO1 Apply the tools of STAAD Pro to show SFD, BMD and deflection AP 18
curves of beams, truss, portal frames and multi-storey structures.
CO2 Plan and schedule various activities of a project using MSP AP 9
software
CO3 Develop polygon features and decision maps for specific purpose AP 3
using ARC GIS
CO4 Apply the tools of EXCEL to design the various structural elements, AP 10
super elevation, curves and computation of earth work.
Department of Civil Engineering Sub Code: 15CVL67 Page 1

Sl.
No. Experiment / Program Name
STAAD-PRO
1 Analysis of Plane trusses.
2 Analysis of continuous beams
3 Analysis of 2D portal Frames single and multi storied.
MS-PROJECT
1 Creating activities and linking them
2 Creating WBS and assigning constraints
3 Defining and assigning resources
ARC GIS
1 Creating shape files for point, line and polygon features
2 Creating decision maps for specific purpose
MS- EXCEL
1 Computation of earth work
2 Design of horizontal Curve by offset method
3 Design of super elevation
4 Design of Singly Reinforced beam
5 Design of Doubly Reinforced beam
6 Design of one way slab
7 Design of two way slab

VTU Lab Evaluation
EXTERNAL
SL.NO ACTIVITY MARKS

2015
SCHEME 6th
SEMESTER
1 Write-Up 15
2 Conduction 50
3 Viva Voce 15
TOTAL 80
INTERNAL
SL.NO ACTIVITY MARKS
2015 SCHEME
6th SEMESTER
Average of Weekly
1 12
Entries
Internal Assessment
2 8
Reduced To
TOTAL 20

EVALUATION SHEET
Sl. Experiment / Program Name Total

Record Evaluation
No Marks
Signature Date
Conduction Writing Viva Voice
(8) (2) (2) 12
STAAD-PRO
1. Basics of STAAD Pro
2. Analysis of Plane trusses.
Analysis of continuous
3.
beams
Analysis of 2D portal
4. Frame (Single and Multi
storied)
MS Project
Creating Activities and
1.
Linking them
Creating WBS and
2.
Assigning Constraints
Defining and Assigning
3.
Resources
ARC GIS
Creating Shape Files for
1. Point, Line and Polygon
features.
Creating Decision Maps
2.
for Specific Purpose.
MS Excel
1. Basics of MS Excel
Computation of Earth
2.
Work
3. Design of Super Elevation
Design of Horizontal
4.
Curve by Offset Method
Design of Singly &
5.
Doubly Reinforced Beam
Design of One Way &
6.
Two Way Slab

CONTENTS
SL.
NO. NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE NO.
STAAD-PRO
1 Analysis of Plane trusses 12 – 26
2 Analysis of Portal frames 27 – 38
3 Analysis of Continuous Beam 39 - 47
4 3D analysis of multistoried frame structures 48- 54
MS- PROJECT
5 Introduction to MS Project, Features & Examples 55- 77
ARC GIS
6
Introduction to GIS & Features 78- 87
MS- EXCEL
7 Introduction to MS Excel 88 - 97
8 Computation of earth work using trapezoidal rule 98-99
9 Design of horizontal Curve by offset method 100 - 103
10 Design of super elevation 104-105
11 Design of Singly Reinforced beam 106 - 107
12 Design of Doubly Reinforced beam 108-110
13 Design of one way slab 111 - 113
14 Design of Two way slab 114 – 117
15 Viva Questions 118 – 119
16 References 120

1. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
SOFTWARE-(STAAD Pro)

2.1 Introduction
STAAD Pro is a widely used software for structural analysis and design from Research
Engineers International. It is simple to use and user friendly. No prior knowledge of the
language of the program is necessary to get started.
2.2. Basics of STAAD Pro software
The STAAD Pro software consists of the following:
• The STAAD Pro Graphical User Interface (GUI): It is used to generate the model, which
can then be analyzed using the STAAD engine. After analysis and design is completed, the
GUI can also be used to view the results graphically.
• The STAAD Analysis and Design engine: It is a general - purpose calculation engine for
structural analysis and integrated steel, concrete, timber and aluminum design.
The objective of this manual is to familiarize the user with the basic principals involved in the
implementation of the various analysis / design facilities offered by the STAAD engine. As a
general rule, the sequence in which the facilities are discussed follows the recommended
sequence of their usage in the input file.
• Input Generator
The user communicates with STAAD through an input file. The input file is a text file
consisting of a series of commands which are executed sequentially.
• Types of Structures
A structure can be defined as an assemblage of elements. STAAD is capable of analyzing and
designing structures consisting of both frame, plate/shell and solid elements.
• Unit Systems
The user is allowed to input data and request output in almost all commonly used engineering
unit systems including MKS, SI, and FPS.
• Structure Geometry and Coordinate Systems

A structure is an assembly of individual components such as beams, columns, slabs, plates etc.
In STAAD, frame elements and plate elements may be used to model the structural
components.

Global Coordinate System

The following coordinate systems are available for specification of the
Structure geometry.
Conventional Cartesian coordinate system
Cylindrical Coordinate System Reverse
Cylindrical Coordinate System
Local Coordinate System
A local coordinate system is associated with each member.
• Finite Element Information
STAAD is equipped with a state -of-the art plate/shell and solid finite element.
• Member Properties
The following types of member property specifications are available in STAAD:

PRISMATIC property specifications Standard steel shapes from built- in
section library User created steel tables - TAPERED sections
Through ASSIGN command
• Member / Element Release

STAAD allows releases for both members and elements
• Truss / Tension / Compression
In STAAD, the MEMBER TENSION or MEMBER COMPRESSION command can be used
to limit the load direction the member may carry
• Tension / Compression - only Springs

In STAAD, the SPRING TENSION or SPRING COMPRESSION command can be used to
limit the load direction the support spring may carry.
• Cable Members
Cable members may be specified by using the MEMBER CABLE command.
• Member Offsets
Some members of a structure may not be concurrent with the incident joints thereby creating
offsets. This offset distance is specified in terms of global or local coordinate system.

• Material Constants
The material constants are: modulus of elasticity (E); weight density (DEN); poisson's ratio
(POISS); co-efficient of thermal expansion (ALPHA); composite damping ratio; and beta angle
(BETA).
• Supports
STAAD allows specifications of supports that are parallel as well as inclined to the global
axes.
• Master / Slave Joints
The master / slave option is provided to enable the user to model rigid links in the structural
system.
• Loads
Loads in a structure can be specified as joint load, member load, temperature load and fixed
end member load
• Load Generator
STAAD is equipped with built - in algorithms to generate moving loads and lateral seismic
loads on a structure.
Analysis Facilities
The following PERFORM ANALYSIS facilities are available in STAAD -
Stiffness analysis / Linear static analysis * - Second order static analysis
Dynamic analysis
• Member End Forces
Member end forces and moments in the member result from loads applied to the structure.
These forces are in the local member coordinate system.
• Multiple Analyses
Structural analysis / design may require multiple analyses in the same run. STAAD allows the
user to change input such as member properties, support conditions etc. in an input file to
facilitate multiple analyses in the same run.
• Steel / Concrete / Timber Design

Extensive design capabilities are available in STAAD for steel, concrete and timber
sections.
• Footing Design

A footing design facility capable of designing individual footings for user specified
supports is available.
• Printing Facilities
All input data and output may be printed using PRINT command available in STAAD.
• Miscellaneous Facilities
STAAD offers the following miscellaneous facilities for problem solution:
Perform rotation : After the geometry has been specified, this command can be used to rotate
the structure shape through any desired angle about any global axis. - Substitute: Joint and
member numbers may be redefined in STAAD through the use of the SUBSTITUTE command.
Calculation of Centre of Gravity: STAAD is capable of calculating the centre of gravity of the
structure.
The basic steps involved in modeling, analyzing and designing a structure are:
Starting the program

Creating a new structure
Creating joints and members
Specifying member properties
Specifying material constants
Specifying member offsets
Printing member information
Specifying supports
Specifying loads
Specifying the analysis type
Specifying post - analysis print commands
Specifying steel design parameters
Performing analysis and design
Viewing the output file
Verifying results on screen - both graphically and numerically.
STAAD.Pro screen has five major elements as discussed below:
• Menu bar: Located at the top of the screen, the Menu bar gives access to all the
facilities of STAAD.Pro.
• Toolbar: The dock able Tool bar gives access to the most frequently used commands.
Main Window: This is the largest area at the centre of the screen, where the model and the
results are displayed.

Page Control: The Page Control is a set of tabs that appear to the left of the Main
Window.
Data Area: The right part of the screen is called the Data Area, where different dialog boxes,
tables, list boxes, etc. appear depending on the type of operation one is performing.
STAAD Pro offers several "Modes" of operation. These modes may be accessed
through the Mode menu from the Menu bar. The tabbed items in the Page Control
area change depending on the current Mark. A check mark beside the menu item
indicates that the specific menu item is selected.
• Modeling: In the modeling(Pre-processing) mode, the user generates the model

geometry, specifies loads, supports, etc.
• Post Processing: The Post Processing mode allows the user to perform post-analysis
result verification, query, report generation, etc.
• Interactive Design: The Interactive Design mode allows the user to perform
structural component design in the STAAD.Pro graphical environment.
• Piping: The Piping mode allows the user to view ADLPIPE geometry along with
structure geometry in the STAAD.Pro graphical environment.
• Page Control: The Page Control option allows the user to toggle the Page Control
tabs on and off.

1. Analyse the truss shown below
To start with
1. Click on STAAD PRO
2. Click on new file in the “New” dialogue box
3. Click on ” Truss “ . Check the units in Meter & Kilo-Newton
4. Click on ” Next

5. Select Open Structure Wizard
6. Select Truss model.

To select parameter
7. Click on Howe roof
8. Merge model with STAAD PRO

9. Paste prototype model
X=0 ,y=0,z=0 ok
10. View from +z

TO SPECIFY MATERIAL CONSTANTS

11. Click on General- Material In Side Menu
Select Steel –Assignment Method- Assign To View- Yes
TO SPECIFY THE PROPERTIES, SUPPORTS,LOADS

12. Select General – Property- Section Database – Steel - Indian

(i) Top Chord Members 2 Isa 75x75x10mm, Bottom Chord Members 2 Isa 80x80x10mm
Using 10mm Thick Gusset Plate
(Ii) Intermediate Tension Member Isa 55x55x5mm, Intermediate Compression Member Isa
45x45x5mm
13. Assign the Properties To The Truss
14. To Assign The Specification, General- Specification- Beam – Truss- Add- Assign The Truss
To Whole Structure

15. To Assign Support General- Support- Select Pinned & Fixed But – Add- Assign The Support
To Truss.
16. To Apply the Given Loads, General- Load & Definition – Load Case Details – Add-Primary
Loading
17. Select Load Case 1- Add-Self Weight=-1 Add
18. Nodal Loads- Specify Load Values – Add, Assign for Required Nodal Points
19. Close
TO ANALYSE THE STRUCTUTRE

20. Click On Commands- Analysis- Perform Analysis- No Print – Ok
TO DESIGN STEEL TRUSS

21. Click on Design- Steel design
22. Select IS 800 from “current code list” at the top of the data
23. Click on Select Parameters
24. Clear all Selected parameters by clicking ok
Select Fyld, Ratio, Track to the Selected Parameters by clicking ok

25. Click on Define Parameters – Specify values for selected parameters – Add – Assign the
defined Parameters to the Truss Members
26. Click on Commands- Check code- Take off – Add- Assign
27. Close
TO VIEW ANALYSIS RESULTS

28. Click on Mode – Go to Post Processing Mode- Done Select
the required load cases – Apply – Ok

29. Results – View Value – Beam Results – Axial - Ends









2.Analyse the Portal frame shown below
To start with
1.Click on STAAD PRO
3. Click on “Plane” . Check the units in Meter &Kilo-Newton
4. Click on ” Next “

5. Add “Beam “ , Finish
6. Close Snap /Beam mode

7. Click on Geometry Enter
X Y Z Coordinates
NODE X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 0 3 0
3 4 3 0
4 4 0 0
8. Click on Geometry – Add beam – Add beam from point to Point

Add beams from 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, display the member numbers


Select Concrete–Assignment Method- Assign to View- Yes

TO SPECIFY THE PROPERTIES, SUPPORTS, LOADS

10. Select General – Property- Define – Rectangle – YD= 0.45-ZD=0.23
11. To Assign Support General- Support- CREATE- Select FIXED – Add- Assign The
Support to node 1 &2

12. To Apply the Given Loads, General- Load & Definition – Load Case Details – Add-
Primary Loading
15. MEMBER LOAD - UNIFORM LOAD- W1- ADD, Assign for Required MEMBER
16. Close

18. Analyze- Run Analysis- Go to Post Processing Mode- SELECT LOAD CASE-
APPLY-OK
19. Click on Post processing –BEAMS- FORCES (SHEAR FORCE –FY, BENDING
MOMENT MZ)
20. RESULTS- VIEW VALUE, Take Shear force & Bending Moment

(i) BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM
(ii) SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM







3. Analyse the Continuous beam shown below
To start with
3. Click on “Space” . Check the units in Meter & Kilo-Newton
4. Click on ” Next “
5.Add “Beam “ , Finish

6. Close Snap /Beam mode
7. Click on Geometry Enter
X Y Z Coordinates
NODE X Y Z
1 0 0 0
2 3 0 0
3 7 0 0
4 10 0 0
8. Click on Geometry – Add beam – Add beam from point to Point

Add beams fro 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, display the member numbers

Select Concrete–Assignment Method- Assign To View- Yes

TO SPECIFY THE PROPERTIES, SUPPORTS,LOADS
10. Select General – Property- Define – Rectangle – YD= 0.45-ZD=0.23
11. To Assign Support General- Support- CREATE - Select PINNED – Add- Assign The
Support to node 1,2,3,4.
To Apply the Given Loads, General- Load & Definition – Load Case Details – Add-Primary
Loading
Load Case: 1
Add
15. MEMBER LOAD - UNIFORM LOAD/ LINEARLY VARYING LOAD - ADD, Assign
for Required MEMBER
16. Close
18. Analyze- Run Analysis- Go to Post Processing Mode- SELECT LOAD CASE-
APPLY-OK
19. Click on Post processing –BEAMS- FORCES (SHEAR FORCE –FY, BENDING
MOMENT MZ)
20. RESULTS- VIEW VALUE, Take Shear force & Bending Moment
(i) BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

(ii) SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM







ANALYSIS OF MULTISTOREY BUILDING

(G + 4 RESIDENTIAL BUILDING)
To Start with
3. Click on “Space” .Check the units in Meter & Kilo-Newton
4. Click on “Next”
5. Add “Beam “, Finish
6. Create Nodes and add Members
7. Use translation repeat to replicate the floors
8. Assign Properties, Beam = 0.2m x 0.4m, Column = 0.4m x 0.4m

9. Assign Supports, Fixed Support
10. Assign self weight, live loads and define Seismic & Wind loads

11. Go to Run analysis and view output file to analyze the results i.e BMD, SFD and deflection
in the members.





2. PROJECT MANAGEMENT
SOFTWARE- MICROSOFT
PROJECT (MSP)

1.1. Introduction
Microsoft Project or MSP is a project management software program developed by Microsoft.

It helps the project manager in developing a plan, assigning and allocating the resources to tasks,
updating and tracking progress, managing the budget, and analyzing workloads.
The core products or editions of MSP are:
1. Microsoft Project Standard
2. Microsoft Project Professional
3. Microsoft Project Server
Sl No MSP Standard MSP MSP

Professional Server
1. It has been designed It has been It has been

for home and small developed for large designed for
business corporations. developing
requirements. business
collaboration.
(Mainly for
Portfolio
Management)
2. It does not contain It contains features It has a collection
features like Team like Team Planner , of database.
Planner , Inactive Inactive Task
Task
3. Flexible and Flexible and Unfamiliar- The
Familiar Familiar user must have a
user account before
they could log on
to the Project
Server

1.2 Features of MSP
MSP helps to build schedules with tasks and resources, the extensive formatting features
organizes and formats the plan’s details, track actual work against the plan, share status,
and take corrective action when things get off track.
Fluent interface (Ribbon): Commands are organized in logical groups that are collected
together under tabs. The menus and toolbars have been replaced with the ribbon, which
helps you
to find the commands quickly.
The Backstage view: All the tools you need to work with your files are accessible from
one location.
In the Option tab , you can enter, review or change preferences controlling how MSP
works
and appears.
Manually Scheduling: Begin creating manually scheduled tasks and don’t worry about
automatic scheduling of tasks as it can be changed at any point of time in the project.
Timeline view: It is automatically displayed above other views, showing the overview of
the
entire schedule.
Team Planner (MSP Professional Only): It has been added to get a greater clarity of
how the
team members are performing and where there is over allocation. You can also move
tasks by
simple drag and drop action see task names as well as resource names.
Inactive Task (MSP Professional Only): You can make a task inactive and still present
them
in the project. By doing this there will be no effect in the project schedule.
Easier View Customization: Managing and manipulating views has become easier. It
provides
how you project is presented and controlled.

Backwards Compatibility: It is compatible with previous versions of MSP.
1.3 Graphical User Interface (GUI):

The startup screen- Project’s start screen appears. Here you can quickly open a plan that
was
recently opened, open some other plan, or create a new plan based on a template or to
create
a new project, click on Blank document.
The GUI of MSP contains the Quick Access Toolbar, Title Bar, Ribbon, View Bar,
Timeline, Status Bar Quick Access Toolbar is a customizable area of the interface where
you can add your favorite or frequently used commands.
1. Title bar contains the title of the project and the version of MSP used.
2. Ribbon is below the title bar. The menus and toolbars have been replaced with the
ribbon, which helps you to find the commands quickly.
3. Gantt Chartis a combination of the entry table and the bar chart. It’s the main
working area of the project. The entry table contains columns like task name,
duration, start, finish etc. The bar chart represent the time span of each task against a
calendar timescale.

4. View Bar shows the different views available such as the network diagram, gantt
chart, calendar etc.
5. Timeline is automatically displayed above other views, showing the overview of the
entire schedule.
6. Status Bar The Status bar displays some important details like the scheduling mode
of new tasks (manual or automatic)
1.3 Important Definitions

1. Task or Activity- It’s the basic unit of the project. Project consists of a number of
clearly recognizable processes or operations for its completion. It consumes time and
resources. It is represented by arrows in the forward direction.
2. Predecessor-
3. Successor-
4. Events- It is the state between completion of a preceding activity and the beginning of
the succeeding one. It has no duration. It is represented by a circle or an ellipse.
5. milestone-
6. Dummy Activity- It does not represent any specific operation or process. It has zero
duration and consumes no resources.
7. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) – It is a hierarchical structure that is used to
organize tasks for reporting schedules and tracking costs

8. Network – It shows the sequence and interdependence of activities in a project in a

diagrammatic form using standard symbols.
9. Critical Path –
10. Critical activity-
11. Early Start Time (EST) - This is the earliest time an activity can be started.
11. Float
12. Resource-
13. Constraint-
CALENDAR
Base Calendar Project Calendar Task Calendar Resource Calendar
Standard
24 Hours
Night Shift
Base Calendar:
Used as a template of project, task & resource Calendar. Contains three types.
1) Standard Calendar: Working from Monday to Friday. Timing is 8 AM- 5
PM. Only one of the base calendars serves as the project calendar.
2) 24 Hours Calendar: NO non-working time.12:00 AM to 12:00 PM, 7
days/week
3) Night Shift: Monday night to Saturday morning, from 11 P.M to 8 A.M., with one hour
break (3AM-4AM) each day.
Project Calendar
The calendar which is assigned for a project is known as project calendar.
Task Calendar
Tasks have their own calendars. By default tasks are scheduled based upon the project calendar.
Resource Calendar
For each resource that you enter, project creates individual resource calendars based on the
settings in the standard calendar.

Define Calendar
ProjectProperties group click change working time click new calendar name the
calendar ok select the days u want to change detail tab editing calendars
refer work weeks and exception.
Assign calendar in Gantt chart
Right click in Gantt chart Non-Working TimeCalendar OK.
Assign calendar to Project
Project Properties group Project Information Calendar.

Assign task calendar to Project

View menu click Gantt chart task name field select the task which u want to
assign a calendar task information advanced tab in calendar box select the calendar for the task.
Assign resource calendar to Project
Resource sheet resource name field select resource to whom/ which a calendar to be assigned
resource information change working time tab in base calendar box click the calendar
you want to assign to the resource.
Fiscal year can set in File options schedule.

TASK
Task is an activity performed to achieve the required work and is the basic unit of the project.
Abbreviation Appears like
m min
hhr hours
d day
wwk week
mo month
TASK MODE
Manually Scheduled Auto Scheduled
MANUALLY SCHEDULED
Default mode is manually scheduled mode. The manually scheduled task placed anywhere in
your schedule& project won’t move it.
CTRL+SHIFT+M

AUTO SCHEDULED MODE

It provides a highly structured means of managing the project schedule. Project calculates te
earliest and latest dates for tasks for the optimal schedule.
CNRTL+SHIFT+A
INACTIVE TASK
This can remain part of schedule but those tasks do not affect the project schedule or resource
availability, so that you do not lose their information. When u need u can reactive the task later.
Task schedule inactive task.
RELATIONSHIP
A Relationship establishes the dependency between any two tasks.
 FS- Finish to Start.
 FF-Finish to Finish.
 SF – Start to Finish.
 SS – Start to Start.
Lead
Lead time is overlap between tasks that have a dependency. In project, the lead time as
negative lags time.
LAG
Lag time is a delay between tasks that have a dependency.

We can enter the dependencies in 4 ways.

 We can assign directly in the column
 Select two tasks and select link task from schedule group
 Place mouse pointer on the centre of the predecessor until the mouse cursor turns into
a4- way arrow. Left click and drag up or down until it changes to a link image.
 Select task information predecessors assign predecessor.
CRITICAL PATH
A critical path is a series of tasks that will push out the project’s end date if the tasks are
delayed.
SLACK
The amount of slack in your schedule indicates how long tasks can be delayed before other tasks
or the project finish dates are affected.
SLACK
FREE SLACK TOTAL SLACK
Free Slack
It’san amount of time a tsk can be delayed before it delays successor tasks.
TOTAL SLACK
It’s the amount of time a task can be delayed before it delays the completion date of the project.it
can be + ve or –ve.
The task with 0 slack is considered a critical task. if a critical task is delayed, the project finish
date is also delayed.
Format tab select critical tasks in bar styles.
In entry table identify critical task
Format menu critical task Text styles in format select items to change as
critical select colour.
WBS
It is a hierarchical structure that is used to organize tasks for reporting schedules and tracking
costs.
WBS CODES
It is alphanumeric codes that identify each task’s unique place in the outline.
TWO TYPES
 Outline Number.
 Custom WBS Code.

OUTLINE NUMBERS
Projects calculate outline numbers for each task based on the outline structure of the task list.
Outline numbers consist of numbers only, and cannot edit them.
CUSTOM WBS CODE
Define one set of custom codes per project and display it in the WBS field. Each level of
WBS code represents an outline level in the task list .The levels of the code can be represented in
Uppercase/ Lowercase letters, numbers/ characters depending on which you specify for each
level in the code mask when you create the WBS code.
CONSTRAINTS
1) Restriction set on the start or finish date of task.
2) Constraints tie tasks to the projects start or end or to specific dates.
3)Dependencies tie tasks to the timing of other tasks in the project.
CONSTRAINTS
Semi Flexible
Flexible Constraint Inflexible Constraint
Constraint
Project can change the start & finish dates of a task. As soon as possible is the default
constraint. No constraint date is associated with flexible constraints.
 ASAP
 ALAP

SEMI FLEXIBLE CONSTRAINTS

A task has a start or finish date boundary. Within the boundary, project’s has the scheduling
flexibility to change the start & finish dates of task.
 Start no earlier than
 Start no later than
 Finish no earlier than
 Finish no later than
INFLEXIBLE CONSTRAINTS
A task must begin or end on a specific date.
 Must start on
 Must finish on
Setting Constraint
Task tab properties group information task information dialog box
advanced tab in the constraint type box select any one in constraint date box
type or select any one date.

RESOURCES
Three Types
 WORK RESOURCE:
It indicates the people or equipment that consumes time when
working on a task.
 MATERIAL RESOURCE:
Material resources are the consumable items are used to
complete tasks in project.
 COST RESOURCE:
Its represents a financial cost associated with a task that you need to account for.
 We can also set up a resource as a budget resource, this helps to estimate costs of a
project.
 Project doesn’t allow you to enter any cost information for a budgeted resource on the
resource sheet.
ENTER RESOURCE NAME

Task tab view click Gantt chart select resource sheet (OR)
Resource tab team planner select resource sheet (OR)
In Gantt chart before the zoom slider Resource Sheet icon is present.
Assigning Resources to Task

 View Gantt chart.
 In the Task Name Field select the task to which you want to assign a resource.
 Resource tabAssignments Group assign Resources button to open the Assign
Resources Window.
 Select the resource you want to assign from the resources name list of the assign
resource dialog box.

Remove Resource from Task

 View Gantt chart
 In Task Name field, select the task to which u want to remove.
 Resources tab Assignments group Assign resources button to open the assign
resources window.
 Select the resources you want to remove from the Resource name list of the assign
resources dialog box then click Remove
Replace Resource from Task

 Select the Task in Task Name field in Gantt chart.
 Click Assign resources.
 In the Resource name column, select the resource that you want to replace.
 Click Replace.
 In the Replace resource dialog box, click the resource that you want to replace and then
click OK.
Another way to assign Resources

 In Gantt chart just right click and select the Show Split.
 It contains the Resource column then select and Assign the resource to the task.

SPLIT THE TASK

We can split the tasks into two or more segments.
 Select the task.
 Go to Task tab in Schedule group Split task.
BASELINE
A baseline is the snapshot of your project that you take when you complete the planning
phase, or sometimes at the end of some other critical phase. The baseline is a set of data saved in
the same file where you track actual progress data.
We can use the set baseline dialog box to save up to 11 baselines and interim plans for our
project.
 Set up the Baseline project that you want to save.

 Go to project tab Schedule group Set Baseline.
 From the drop- down menu that appears, click set Baseline Set Baseline Dialog Box.
 Open the Set Baseline Select the Baseline.
Click OK.
USING INTERIM PLANS

You can use the baseline in different ways. You can refer it as your original estimate and
compare it with actual results at the end of the project.
Setting Interim Plan
 Select various Tasks to include in the Interim plan.

 Go to Schedule group and from the drop- down menu that appears Set
Baseline. The baseline dialog box appears.
 Select the set interim plan option button. Project makes the copy and into fields
available.
 Open the Copy list. You will opened the into list, which contains basically the same
choices as you will find the copy list.
 Select Schedule Start/ Finish from the copy drop- down list to copy the current start
finish dates.
 Open the drop- down lists for the into field and select an item, such as Start 1/Finish
1, to copy the dates into new fields, thus creating an interim plan.
 Select the entire project option button to create an interim plan for whole project, or
choose the selected tasks option button to create an interim plan that retains the
original interim plan or baseline information for any tasks that you didn’t select, yet
saves new baseline information for the tasks that you have selected.
 Click OK to save the interim plan.
CLEARING a BASELINE or INTERIM PLAN

 Project tab Schedule group Set Baseline button.
From the drop- down menu that appears, choose clear baseline. Project displays the clear
baseline dialog box. In this dialog box, you can choose to clear a baseline plan or an interim plan
for the entire project or for the selected tasks.







3. USE OF GIS IN CIVIL

ENGINEERING PROBLEMS

Surveying:
Surveying is the branch of civil engineering which deals with measurement of relative positions
of an object on earth’s surface by measuring the horizontal distances, elevations, directions, and
angles.
Advanced Surveying is unimaginable without the use of electronic equipment and information
technology. Surveying with conventional systems has been completely replaced with advanced
automated systems. Total Station, Global Positioning System (GPS), Remote Sensing and
Geographical Information System (GIS) have all become an inextricable part of surveying.
Remote Sensing:
Remote sensing is the process of detecting and monitoring the physical characteristics of an area
by measuring its reflected and emitted radiation at a distance from the targeted area without
physical contact with the target object
Geographical Information System:
Geographic Information Systems is a computer-based tool that analyzes, stores, manipulates and
visualizes geographic information, usually in a map.Surveyors depend on a variety of software
and technology to gather existing information, collect new information, analyze data, produce
plans, manage projects, and deliver accurate data. Geographic information system (GIS)
technology brings this functionality and more to one place, providing a central location to
conduct spatial analysis, overlay data, and integrate other solutions and systems. GIS is built on a
database rather than individual project files, enabling surveyors to easily manage, reuse, share,
and analyze data, saving them time.
Application of Remote Sensing in Civil Engineering
1. Resource Exploration
2. Environmental study
3. Land use
4. Urban sprawl
5. Vegetation Index
6. Site investigation
7. Archaeological Investigation
8. Natural Hazards

9. Climate Change etc.
Application of GIS in Civil Engineering:

1. Planning
2. Data Collection
3. Analysis
4. Construction
5. Operations
6. Mapping
Data Storage in GIS software (ArcGIS):

Data storage in GIS software will be in the form of point, line and polygon.
There are different GIS software’s; Example- ArcGIS, Micro station, Arc Map, MapInfo,
PG Steamer, Global Mapper etc. Among all these ArcGIS by ESRI is widely used.
GIS software (ArcGIS) organizes the data, both spatial and attribute, in a form which
permits it to be quickly retrieved for updating, querying, and analysis. Most GIS software utilizes
proprietary software for their spatial editing and retrieval system, and a database management
system (DBMS) for their attribute storage. Typically, an internal data model is used to store
primary attribute data associated with the topological definition of the spatial data. Most often
these internal database tables contain primary columns such as area, perimeter, length, and
internal feature id number. Often thematic attribute data is maintained in an external DBMS that
is linked to the spatial data via the internal database table.
Toposheet:
Survey of India produces the topographic maps of India. These maps are produced at
different scales. In order to identify a map of a particular area, a numbering system has been
adopted by the Survey of India.
Scale of toposheet:
A map on a scale of 1:5,000 means that the size of the objects on map is 1/5000 of their
size on the ground. Similarly, a map on a scale of 1:50,000 mean that the size of the objects on
map is 1/50000 of their size on the ground.
As the map on the scale of 1:5000 shall show the objects on map bigger (as well as smaller

objects not visible earlier shall become visible) than those shown by 1:50,000 scale map
therefore it is a large scale map.
In GIS softwares, either we can use toposheet as base map or we can also use remotely sensed
satellite images or Ariel photographs for further analysis.
In case of both topo-sheets and remotely sensed images, we need to rectify, register and give the
projection for image or the map for further analysis.
Raster and Vector data:
Raster datas are made-up of grids and pixels
Ex: Satellite images or Arial Photographs
Vector data:
Vector datas are made up of Points lines and polygons.
In order to create different thematic maps, we need to make use of these raster data to create
vector data upon that.
Shapefile in ArcGIS:
A shapefile is a simple, non-topological format for storing the geometric location and attribute
information of geographic features. Geographic features in a shapefile can be represented by
points, lines, or polygons (areas). The workspace containing shapefiles may also contain Data
base tables, which can store additional attributes that can be joined to a shapefile's features.
Map registration in ArcGIS:

1. Start ArcGIS
2. Add toposheet by clicking on Add data option
3. Click Yes and then OK. Now go to Customize-Toolbars-Georeferencing
4. Now zoom your map and check the coordinates printed on the corner of the toposheet.
Now go to georeferencing toolbar and click add control points.
5. Now click on the corner of the toposheet and add X & Y. X will be longitude and Y is
latitude
6. Now enter the coordinates. But before entering convert degree minutes seconds to
decimal degrees
7. Now move the left bottom corner and add control point.

8. Now repeat this all process for the remaining corners on the right side.
9. Now go to the geo referencing choose Rectify which will create a whole new geo
referenced raster image.
10. Choose your desired format & output location and then click on save.
Map Projection in ArcGIS:

1. Click on Arc Toolbox button in either Arc Map or Arc Catalog to open the Arc Toolbox
window.
2. Expand Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature
3. Double-click Project Wizard (shapefiles, geo databases).
4. Click the Browse button next to Input Dataset or Feature Class. Browse to the dataset to
project and click Add.
5. lick Select Coordinate System > Select the coordinate system for the resulting projected
file, or Import it from an existing dataset that already has the correct projection defined
for it.
6. Click Apply, click OK, and click Next
Creation of Shapefiles in ArcGIS:

1. Open ArcCatalog
2. Navigate to your project folder
3. From the menu, click File-New-Shapefile
4. Give your shapefile a name and select a geometry based on what type of features you are
trying to draw
5. Use the Edit button to select the coordinate system that you are using in your ArcGIS
project
Editing the Shapefile
1. Add your shapefile to your ArcGIS project
2. Open the Attribute Table of your shapefile
3. Using the Attribute Table Options button, use the Add Field button to add fields you want
to keep track of. For example, if plotting metro stations, you may want to add a field for
the name or number of the stop.

4. Optional: Set the symbology of your fields now. This will save time later when creating
features.
5. Turn on the Editor toolbar by going to Customize-Toolbars-Editor
6. Click on the Editor button and push Start Editing
7. Make sure your shapefile is selected in the Create Features window on the right
8. The bottom of this window shows the different construction methods available for your
shapefile. Click on one to start drawing. You’ll notice that your cursor turns into a cross.
9. Click on your map to place a vertex. You can place multiple vertexes to trace a route on
your map.
10. When finished drawing, right click and select Finish Sketch, alternatively you can push F2
11. To edit the attribute table for the feature you just created push the Attributes icon on the
Editor Toolbar.
12. All the editable fields for the feature you just created will appear. This way you can label
your features as you create them
13. When you’re done creating features click on the Editor button on the Editor toolbar and
select Save Edits, and then Stop Editing
14. The symbology of the shapefile you just created can be manipulated like any other
shapefile





4. USE OF EXCEL IN CIVIL

ENGINEERING PROBLEMS

3.1. Introduction to M.S EXCEL

3.2. Basics of M.S EXCEL
Overview of spreadsheets
A spreadsheet consists of cells. Each cell has a name derived from the cell‟s Column
and Row. i.e. Cell B2 is in column B, second row

Each workbook (file) consists of sheets.

Each sheet has columns names from A through Z, then AA through AZ, BA through
BZ, and so on. The last column is IV.
There are 65,536 rows in one sheet.
Worksheets
Adding Sheets
To add another sheet to the workbook, from the menu choose Insert, Worksheet.
Deleting Sheets
To delete a worksheet, with the right mouse button, click on the sheet name. A
menu will appear with the option of deleting the worksheet.
Renaming Sheets
To rename a worksheet either double click on the sheet name and type in the new
name
or
with the right mouse button, click on the sheet name. A menu will appear with the
option of
renaming the worksheet.
Help
Context Sensitive
“Help” is context sensitive. Clicking on the help button in any dialogue box will bring up the
help for that topic.
will also bring up help.
In “Help”, any words in green are called HOT SPOTS. If the hot spot has a solid
underline, clicking on it will hyperlink to another page. If the hot spot has a
dashed underline, clicking on it will bring up a pop-up, usually a definition.
Enter Data - Keyboard Shortcuts

After entering data into a cell, use the Arrow Keys

instea
d of the
Enter Key to confirm the data in the cell and move to the next cell.
-or-Block off the area needed for data entry, start entering the data hitting
enter after each entry. Note: As soon as an arrow key is pressed, the block is
removed.
Edit Data - Keyboard Shortcuts

To make changes to a cell without having to retype the whole cell,
click on the formula bar with the mouse to make changes using the
formula bar, press enter when done
Change View
Zoom - to change the view use the zoom control on the toolbar or
from the menu choose View Zoom

then make the desired choices in the zoom dialogue box.
Note: Changing the view does not change how the document will print. It only
changes how the data is displayed on the screen.
Select Cells/Ranges

A Range is a group of cells in a rectangle with all cells touching.
Mouse:
click and drag across cells
Click on the first cell, hold the shift key, and click on the last cell of the desired
range
Click on the row name to select the whole row from column A to IV
Click on the column name to select the whole column from row 1 to 65536
Clicking on the button above the row names and to the left of the column names will
select the whole spread sheet.
Keyboard:
Use the combination of shift and arrows to select cells
Click in the first cell, then with the shift key held down, click in the last cell.
Select Non Contiguous Cells/non-Ranges
Hold down the control key while using the mouse to click on desired cells
Basic Formulas
Formulas in a spread sheet to the math in the following order:
() Anything in the parentheses first
^ Powers
*/ Multiplication and Division
+- Addition and Subtraction i.e. 5+3*2 = 11 (5+3)*2 = 16
Basic Functions
A function has three parts:
An equal sign, the function name, and the function‟s arguments enclosed in
parentheses
(necessary even if the function has no arguments.
i.e=SUM(range or elements)
=NOW()

Auto Sum
The sum function has a button on the toolbar for quick entry
Creates the =SUM () function guessing at the range need for the arguments.
These ranges may be changed.
Errors
Circular Reference Error
A Circular Reference Error occurs when the total is included in the range of a formula
#Value Error
A #Value Error occurs when the formula is created that tries to calculate something
other than a number.
#Ref Error
A #Ref Error occurs when a cell is trying to reference a cell that does not exist.
######## display in cell
When a cell fills with pound signs instead of the number it means the cell width is too
small. The number is still there for calculating purposes.
Fill Down
Click on the cell to be copied. Place the mouse over the little black square in the
Bottom right corner of the cell. A cross hair will appear. Drag the cross hair in the
direction to be copied

Relative/Absolute Addressing
An Absolute Address does not change in the relation to where it is copied. A Relative
address will adjust the address by adding one to every row copied down, and adding one
to every column copied to the right. Moving up, or to the left will subtract a row or
column.
Place a $ before either row, column., or both to make it absolute.
$A1 The $ before the column keeps the column from changing. The column is
absolute, the row is relative.
A$1 The $ before the row keeps the row from changing. The column is relative, the
row is absolute
$A$1 The$ before both the column and row makes the whole address an absolute
address.
Save a Document/File

Use the file save button on the toolbar. (Brings up the save as dialog box the first
time a document is saved. After that, it does a quick save.)
File - Save (Brings up the save as dialog box the first time a document is saved. After
that, it
does a quick save.)
File - Save As
Open a Document/File
Use the file open button on the toolbar.

File Open on the menu.
Print Preview
Use the Print Preview button on the toolbar From the
menu choose File - Print Preview
Set Print Area

Select area to be printed
From the menu choose File-Print Area

To remove the Print Area, from the menu choose File-Print Area – Clear All
Print Areas
Printing a Document

On the toolbar select the print button

From the menu choose File-Print
Note: Choosing File-Print from the menu will give you more control over the printing
process.

3.3. Use of spread sheet for the Civil Engineering problems
COMPUTATION OF EARTHWORK
A Railway embankment of formation width 10m is to be built with side slope of 1V :2H. The Ground is
horizontal in the direction transverse to the centre line. Length of embankment is 150m, the centre height
of the embankment at 25m intervals are given : 1.8m,3.3m, 4.2m,2.9m,2.6m,2.2m .calculate the volume
of earth work.
DATA
Total length of embankment 150 m

Common distance L 25 m
Formation width B 10 m
Side slope S 2
SOLUTION
Depth(m
Sl. ) Area(m2)
Distance(m)
No.
d Bd+Sd2
1 0 1.8 24.48 A1
2 25 3.3 54.78 A2
3 50 3.6 61.92 A3
4 75 4.2 77.28 A4
5 100 2.9 45.82 A5
6 125 2.6 39.52 A6
7 150 2.2 31.68 A7
Volume of earth work

V
Prismoidal
1 Rule (L/3)[(A1+A7)+4(A2+A4+A6)+2(A3+A5)] 7983 m3
Trapezoidal
L[((A1+A7)/2)+A2+A3+A4+A5+A6]
2 Rule 7685 m3
FORMULA USED TO CALCULATE

VOLUME
Prismoidal Rule ($D$5/3)*((D11+D17)+4*(D12+D14+D16)+2*(D13+D1
5)
Trapezoidal Rule ($D$5)*(((D11+D17)/2)+D12+D13+D14+D15+D16)


DESIGN OF HORIZONTAL CURVES
Two road having a deviation angle of 45 degree at apex point V are to be joined bya 200m
radius circle curve. If the chainage of the apex point is 1839.2m . Calculate the necessary
data to set the curve by 1. Ordinates form long chord at 10m intervals 2. Radial and
perpendicular offset from every full station of 30m along the tangent.
DATA
Radius of the curve R 200 m
Deviation angle, ∆ 45 Degree
0.79 Radian ∏∆/180
Chainage at apex 1839.2 m
SOLUTION
Length of tangent 82.843 Rtan(∆/2)
Chainage @ T1 1756.357 m
Length of long chord, L 153 2Rsin(∆/2)
Chainage of forward tangent T2 1909 T1+L
Y=√(R2-X2)-√(R2-
Offset from long chord (L/2)2) m
1. OFFSET ROM LONG CHORD

Distance 'X' from mid-point Ordinate 'Y' in Distance 'X' from mid-point in
in (m) (m) (m)
0 15.22 0
10 14.97 -10
20 14.22 -20
30 12.96 -30
40 11.18 -40
50 8.87 -50
60 6.01 -60
70 2.57 -70
76.5 0.02 -76.5
2. RADIAL OFFSET FROM TANGENT
Radial offset from tangent Ox=√(R2+x2)-R
−X −Y X
-82.84 16.48 82.84
-60 8.81 60
-30 2.24 30

0 0.00 0
3. PERPENDICULAR OFFSET FROM TANGENT
Perpendicular offset from

tangent Ox=R-√(R2-x2)
−X −Y X
-82.84 17.96 82.84
-60 9.21 60
-30 2.26 30
0 0.00 0
OFFSET FROM LONG CHORD

16.00
15.00
14.00
13.00
12.00
11.00
10.00
Ordinate, y
9.00
8.00
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Distance, X

RADIAL OFFSET FROM TANGENT

0
-120 -90 -60 -30 0 30 60 90 120
-2
-4
-6
ORDINATE, Y
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
DISTANCE, X
PERPENDICULAR OFFSET FROM TANGENT

0
-120 -90 -60 -30 -2 0 30 60 90 120
-4
-6
ORDINATE, Y
-8
-10
-12
-14
-16
-18
-20
DISTANCE, X


2. DESIGN OF SUPER ELEVATION
The design speed of a highway is 80 kmph. There is a horizontal curve of radius 200 m on a certain location.
Calculate the superelevation needed to maintain this speed. If the maximum super elevation of 0.07 is not to
be exceeded, Calculate the maximum allowable speed on this horizontal curve as it is not possible to increase
the radius. safe limit of transverse coefficient of friction is 0.15.
DATA
Radius of the curve R 200 m
Design speed V 80 kmph
SOLUTION
Super elevation, e 0.142 e=V2/225R
eActual 0.07 If e>0.07, then e=0.07
Maximum allowable value of e is to be limited to 0.07
Check for the value of friction developed

Friction, f 0.18 f=(V2/127R)-0.07
As this value is greater than the maximum allowable safe friction co-efficient i.e,0.15 and also the radius
cannot be increased, the speed has to be restricted.
Maximum allowable speed Va 74.75 Va=√(27.94R)
Hence the speed may be restricted to less than 74kmph or say 70kmph at this curve


DESGIN OF SINGLY REINFORCED BEAM
DATA
Fck 20 N/mm2
Fy 415 N/mm2
Mu 40 KN-m
Width of beam,b 230 mm
Depth of beam,D 300 mm
Clear cover 'd' 25 mm
SOLUTION
Effective depth of beam,d 275 mm
Refering IS:456-2000, Xu max/d for balancing section= 0.48
2
Mulim =0.36Xumax/d*(1-(0.42*(Xumax/d))bd fck
Mulim 47994059.52 N-mm
Mulim 47.99405952 KN-m
Mu<Mulim, Desgin the section as under reinforced section

Calculate area of steel required,
Mu=0.87fy*Ast*d*(1-(Ast*d*(1-(Ast*fy/b*d*fck))
Ast=(0.5*fck*b*d/fy)*(1-sqrt*(1-(4.6*Mu/fck*b*d2)))
Ast 478.0349879
Consider 12mm dia 12
Area of each bar,Ast 113.04
No of bars 4.23
provide 4-12mm Dia Bars 2-12mm T&B


DESIGN OF DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAM

Solution:
Fck 20 N/mm2
Fy 415 N/mm2
Mu 80 KN-m
Width of Beam,b 230 mm
Depth of Beam,D 350 mm
Clear cover d' 25 mm
Effective depth of beam,d 325 mm
Refering IS :456-2000, Xu max/d for balancing section = 0.48,156
Mulim =0.36 Xumax /d*(1-(0.42*(Xumax/d))bd2fck
Mulim = 67033025.28 N-mm
Mulim = 67.0330 KN-m
Mu>Mulim, Design the section as Doubly reinforced section.
M2=Mu-MuLim
M2 12.97 KN-m
Mu-MuLim = fsc*Asc(d-d') Where Fsc is design stress in compression for
reinforcement
Area of compression steel
xumax=0.48*d 156.00 mm
Strain =0.0035(Xumax-dl)/Xumax
strain= 0.002939103
Corresponding fsc 347 N/mm2
Where xumax is limiting value of xu
Asc= Area of compression steel
d'= depth of compression reinforcement from the compression face
Calculation of area of steel required IS:456-2000
Mu -Mulim=fsc*Asc(d-d'),
Asc=Mu -Mulim/(fsc*(d-d')) 124.5627 mm2
Selecting diameter of the bar = 12 113.04
No Of Bars 1.1
Provide 2 bars of 12mm Dia
2
Total area of compression steel = Asc 226 mm
The total area of tensile steel shall be obtained from following equations
Ast=Ast1+Ast2
where Ast= Area of total reinforcement

Ast1= Area of tensile reinforcement for singly reinforced szection for mu limiting values
Ast2=Asc*fsc/(0.87*fy)
Ast1= (0.5*fck*b*d/fy)*(1-sqrt*(1-(4.6*Mu/fck*b*d2)))
Ast1= 914 mm2
Selecting diameter of the
bar = 16mm 200.96
Ast2= 217
Ast=Ast1+Ast2 1131 mm2
Selecting diameter of the bar = 16 200.96
No of bars = 6
Provide 6 bars of 16mm Dia on tension face


DESIGN OF ONE WAY SLAB
Design a one way slab with a clear span of inner distance 3.5m X 8m simply supported
over an 230mm thick wall to support a live load of 4kN/m2 floor finish 1.5kN/m2 adopth
M20 grade of concrete and Fe415 grade of steel. Take d'=20mm.
DATA
Live load 4 kN/m2
Floor finish 1.5 kN/m2
Fck 20 N/mm2
Fy 415 N/mm2
d' 20 mm
room
3.5 * 8 m
dimension
SOLUTION
ly 8 m
lx 3.5 m
ly/lx 2.285714286 m
Design as one way slab
Assume slab thickness as 150mm
D= 150 mm
Taking dia of bars as 10 mm
d= 125 mm D-d'-dia of bars/2
Calculation of load
Dead load on slab = 3.75 kN/m2
Live load 4 kN/m2
total = 9.25 kN/m2
Ultimate load = total*1.5 = 13.875 kN/m2
Effective span (le)

le = clear span + wall thickness/2 + wall thickness/2 = 3.73 m
OR
le = clear span + d 3.63 m

le is least value of above two le= 3.625
Calculation of Bending moment and Shear force

Mu = Wl2/8 = 22.79 kN-m
Vu = Wl/2 = 25.15 kN-m
Check for depth

d= √(Mu/0.138*Fck*b) = 90.87 mm
provided d= 125 > required value of d Hence Safe
Area of steel required

Ast = Ast=(0.5*fck*b*d/fy)*(1-√(1-(4.6*(Mu/fck*b*d2))))
Ast = 556.68 mm2
Spacing of 10mm dia bars = ((∏/4)*102/Ast)*1000 = 141 mm

Provide 10 dia bars at 150 mm center to center as main reinforcement
Minimum steel required = 0.12% of b*D 180 mm2

Provide 8 dia bars at 300 mm center to center as distribution bars
Check for shear reinforcement

Vu = 25.15 mm
Tv = Vu/bd = 0.20 N/mm2
100Ast/bd = 0.45 N/mm2
Tc = 0.46
Tc>Tv SAFE


DESIGN OF TWO WAY SLAB

Design a slab for a room 4mX6m simply supported along 230mm thick wall.
The corners are prevented from lifting the slab is used for residential
purpose take live load as 2kN/m2 , floor finish as 1.5kN/m2. use M20 and
Fe500 use mild exposure for cover.
Data
Live load 2 kN/m2
Fy 500 N/mm2
Fck 20 N/mm2
d' 20 mm
SOLUTION
ly = 6 m
lx = 4 m
ly/lx = 1.5
So design as Two way slab
Assume slab thickness as 150 mm

D= 150 mm
Dia of bars 10 mm
Using
Clear cover 20 mm
d= D-Clear cover-dia of bars/2
d= 125 mm
Load Calculation
Dead load on
D*b*25 = 3.75 kN/m2
slab =
Live load = 2 kN/m2
Floor finish = 1.5 kN/m2
Total = 7.25 kN/m2
Ultimate load = total*1.5 10.875 kN/m2
Effective span for shoter side

lx = 4.125 clear span + d in m
lx = 4.23 clear span+wall thickness/2+wall thickness/2

Effective span for longer side

ly = 6.125 clear span + d in m
ly = 6.23 clear span+ wall thickness/2+wall thickness/2
least among above 2 value of

lx = 4.125 m
lx
least among above 2 value of
ly = 6.125 m
ly
ly/lx = 1.48
To find the bending moment

άx = 0.0882
άy = 0.056
Moment along shorter span

Mx=ὰxWulx2 16.32 kN-m
Moment along longer span

My=ὰyWulx2 10.36 kN-m
Check for Depth

√(Mu/0.138*Fck*b)
d= 76.90
=
provided d= 125 > required value of d Hence Safe
Check for area of steel along shorter span

Ast = Ast=(0.5*fck*b*d/fy)*(1-sqrt*(1-(4.6*(Mu/fck*b*d2))))
Ast = 320.90 mm2
Spacing of 10mm dia bars = ((∏/4)*106/Ast)*1000 = 245 mm

Provide 10 dia @ 200 mm c/c
Check for area of steel along longer span

Ast = Ast=(0.5*fck*b*d/fy)*(1-sqrt*(1-(4.6*(Mu/fck*b*d2))))
Ast = 217.54 mm2
Spacing of 10mm dia bars = ((∏/4)*106/Ast)*1000 = 360.86 mm

Provide 10 dia @ 300 mm c/c

Torsion or Corner steel

3/4 * (+ve max midspan +ve steel
Area of torsion steel =
area)
Area of torsion steel = 240.68 mm2
No of 8 dia bars = Area of torsion steel/Area of 8 dia bar
No of 8 dia bars = 4.79
provide 5 no. of 8mm dia bars as torsion steel


VIVA QUESTIONS
STAAD Pro Software.
1. STAAD Pro Software belongs to which company?

2. What is the long form of STAAD Pro?
3. What is the file extension of STAAD software?
4. Which method or concept is used to develop STAAD pro Software?
5. What are different areas of STAAD pro GUI?
6. What are the different steps followed for analyzing any structure using any
structural analysis software?
7. What do you mean by modeling?
8. What do you mean by Pre Processing?
9. What is the meaning of Post Processing?
10. How do you create different supports in STAAD pro?
11. What are the material properties required to be given for the members?
12. What are the different types of Cursers available in STAAD Pro?
13. What is the procedure for application of Loads in STAAD pro?
14. Why do you need to define different load cases in STAAD Pro?
15. What are different types of loads available in STAAD pro?
16. What different commands required to be given before analysis of structure?
17. What are different modes available in STAAD Pro?
18. In which mode the results can be visualized?
19. How do you debug errors and warnings?
MS EXCEL software:
1. Which company owns MS Excel Software?

2. What is the file extension of MS Excel?
3. How can you wrap the text within a cell?
4. How do you initiate a calculation/Formula in MS Excel?
5. How you can sum up the Rows and Column number quickly in the excel sheet?
6. How you can add a new excel worksheet?

7. How you can resize the column?

8. What is IF function in excel?
9. What does a red triangle at the top right of a cell indicates?
10. What filter will you use, if you want more than two conditions or if you want to
analyse the list using database function?
11. What is the benefit of using formula in excel sheet?
12. How cell reference is useful in the calculation?
13. What is the sequence of operating mathematical operation in Excel?
14. What does a LOOK UP function searches in the MS Excel?
15. What do you mean by a Workspace?
16. . How do you rearrange the data in ascending or descending order?
17. What is the short cut key to highlight the entire column?
18. Which would you choose to create a bar diagram?
19. You accidentally erased a record in the sheet. What command can be used to restore it
immediately?
20. What is the AutoComplete feature of Excel?

REFERENCES:
1. Strength of Materials: R K Bansal

2. Structural Analysis 1 & 2: S.S Bhavikatti
3. Design of Reinforced Cement Concrete: N Krishna Raju
4. Highway Engineering: S.K.Khanna and C.E.G Justo
5. Project management by Neeraj Kumar Jha
6. Reference book by CADD centre
7. Remote sensing and software geographical information system: Anji Reddy
8. Fundamentals of geographic information systems / Michael N. DeMers

GLOBAL ACADEMY OF
TECHNOLOGY
Rajarajeshwari Nagar, Bengaluru – 560 098.
DEPARTMENT OF civil ENGINEERING
LAB MANUAL
Student Name :
USN :
Academic Year : 2018 - 2019(ODD SEMESTER)
Programme (UG/PG) : UG
Year / Semester : VII
Course Title : COMPUTER AIDED DETAILING OF
STRUCTURES
Prepared By
1. KARTHIK. S (Asst Prof) 2.VARUNA KOTI (Asst Prof)

VISION
Become a premier institution imparting quality education in engineering and

management to meet the changing needs of society
MISSION
M1. Create environment conducive for continuous learning through quality
teaching and learning processes supported by modern infrastructure
M2. Promote Research and Innovation through collaboration with industries
M3. Inculcate ethical values and environmental consciousness through holistic

education programs
1
Dept. of Civil engineering Computer Aided Detailing of Structures / 15CVL77
VISION
To become a leading department oriented to serve the basic wants of human
being related to food, air, shelter and transportation, by providing quality
education.
MISSION
M1. Create a favorable environment for learning, teaching & continuous
improvement for implementation of various civil engineering facilities.
M2. Promote professionalism, innovation and research through collaboration
with industries to realize cost and resource effective, stable, quality structures.
M3. Inculcate environmental consciousness and ethical values through
interconnected training programs to ensure sustainability and client
satisfaction.
Program Educational Objectives (PEO'S)

The program educational objectives of civil engineering are, to enable students for
1. PEO-1: Developing careers in government and private civil engineering organizations
and other professionally related domains.
2. PEO-2: Pursing higher studies and research to develop innovative solutions and
technologies in civil engineering and other multi disciplinary areas.
3. PEO-3: Improving professional and personal traits aligned to professional ethics and
environmental compulsions.
4. PEO-4: Professional leadership and successful entrepreneurship.
2
PROGRAM OUTCOMES (POs)

Engineering Graduates will be able to:
1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science,
engineeringfundamentals, and an engineering specialization to the solution of complex
engineering problems.
2. Problem analysis: Identify, formulate, review research literature, and analyze

complexengineering problems reaching substantiated conclusions using first principles of
mathematics, natural sciences, and engineering sciences.
3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems

anddesign system components or processes that meet the specified needs with appropriate
consideration for the public health and safety, and the cultural, societal, and environmental
considerations.
4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and

researchmethods including design of experiments, analysis and interpretation of data, and
synthesis of the information to provide valid conclusions.
5. Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques, resources, and
modernengineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to complex engineering
activities with an understanding of the limitations.
6. The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual knowledge to
assesssocietal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the consequent responsibilities
relevant to the professional engineering practice.
7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering

solutionsin societal and environmental contexts, and demonstrate the knowledge of, and
need for sustainable development.
8. Ethics: Apply ethical principles and commit to professional ethics and responsibilities and
norms ofthe engineering practice.
9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or

leader indiverse teams, and in multidisciplinary settings.
3
10. Communication: Communicate effectively on complex engineering activities with the

engineeringcommunity and with society at large, such as, being able to comprehend and
write effective reports and design documentation, make effective presentations, and give
and receive clear instructions.
11. Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and understanding of

theengineering and management principles and apply these to one’s own work, as a
member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in multidisciplinary environments.
12. Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and ability to engage
inindependent and life-long learning in the broadest context of technological change.
Program Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

PSO1. Comprehend, analyze and design alternatives for execution of civil engineering
facilities.
PSO2. Apply standard codes of practices and schedule of rates for planning, design quality
control, estimating & costing of civil engineering projects.
PSO3. Evaluate the buildings for resource conservation.
4
COMPUTER AIDED DETAILING OF STRUCTURES
Subject Code : 15CVL77 IA Marks : 20

No. of Practical Hrs / Week : 03 Exam Hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hrs. : 40 Exam Marks :80
Module-1 Detailing of RCC Structures
1. Beams-Simply supported, cantilever, continuous.

2. Slab-One-way, Two way and One-way continuous
3. Staircase-Doglegged
4. Cantilever Retaining wall
5. Counter Fort Retaining wall
6. Circular water tank, Rectangular water tank.
Module-2 Detailing of Steel Structures
1. Connections-Beam to beam, beam to column by bolted and welded connections.

2. Built up columns with lacings and battens
3. Column bases and gusseted bases with bolted and welded connections
4. Roof truss- welded and bolted
5. Beams with bolted and welded
6. Gantry Girder.
5
Course Details
Course Name : Computer Aided Detailing of Structures

Course prerequisite : Design of RCC Structures, Design of Steel
Structures
Course objectives
1. Comprehend the tools of AutoCAD software
2. Generate civil engineering drawings using AutoCAD software.
3. Comprehend the tools of AutoCAD software for detailing of RCC structures and
steel connections with required scale factors and sections of drawings.
Course outcome
Subject code: 15CVL77 Subject: COMPUTER AIDED DETAILING OF

STRUCTURES
No. of
COs COURSE OUTCOMES CL
sessions
Apply the tools of AUTOCAD software for structural detailing of
CO1 AP
various structural elements. 20
CO2 Prepare detailed structural steel connections. AP
20
**
 R-Remember
 U-Understand
 AP-Apply
 AN-Analyse
 E-Evaluate
 CR-Create
6
Sl.
Experiment / Program Name
No.
MODULE-1
1 Beams-Simply supported , cantilever and continuous
2 Slab-One-way ,Two way and One-Way continuous
Different types of Staircases -Dog legged staircase and Open well

3 Staircase.
4 Cantilever Retaining wall
5 Counter Fort Retaining wall
6 Circular water tank, Rectangular water tank.
MODULE-2
Connections-Beam to beam, beam to column by bolted and welded

7 connections.
8 Built up columns with lacings and battens
Column bases and gusseted bases with bolted and welded connections
9
10 Roof truss- welded and bolted

11 Beams with bolted and welded
12 Gantry Girder.
7
VTU Lab Evaluation Process

EXTERNAL INTERNAL
SL.NO ACTIVITY MARKS SL.NO ACTIVITY MARKS

2015
SCHEME 7th 2015 SCHEME
SEMESTER 7th SEMESTER
1 Write-Up 05 Average of Weekly

1 10
Entries
2 Conduction 70 Internal Assessment
2 10
3 Viva Voce 05 Reduced To
TOTAL 80 TOTAL 20
NOTE:
Student has to answer two questions.
1. Two questions shall be asked from each module
2. One full question shall be answered from each module
3. Each question carries 40 marks.
8
EVALUATION SHEET
Marks Obtained
Sl. Page
Experiment / Program Name TOTAL Signature
No. No. TUTOR CONDUCTION
MARKS(5) RECORD(10)
MODULE-1
01 Beams-Simply supported , cantilever

and continuous
Slab-One-way ,Two way and One-

Way continuous
02
Different types of Staircases -Dog

legged staircase and Open well
03
Staircase.
04 Cantilever Retaining wall
05 Counter Fort Retaining wall
06 Circular water tank, Rectangular
water tank.
MODULE-2
07 Connections-Beam to beam, beam

to column by bolted and welded
connections.
08 Built up columns with lacings and

battens
09 Column bases and gusseted bases
with bolted and welded
connections
10 Roof truss- welded and bolted
11 Beams with bolted and welded

12 Gantry Girder.
9
CONTENTS
SL
NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT PAGE NO
NO.
Basic AutoCAD Drawing Tools: Lines, Circle, Arc, Polyline,Multiline,

Polygon, Rectangle, Spline, Ellipse, Modifying Tools:Erase, Copy, Mirror,
Offset, Array, Move, Rotate, Scale, Stretch,Lengthen, Trim, Extend, Break,
12-29
Chamfer and Fillet ,Basic AutoCADText: Single line, Multi line, Spelling, Edit
text, Special Features:View tools, Layers concept, Dimension tools,
Hatching,Customizing tool bars, Working with multiple drawings.
1 To draw cross RCC Beams using AutoCAD. 30-31
2 To draw RCC Slabs using AutoCAD. 32-33
3 To draw Different types of Staircases using AutoCAD. 34-36

4 To draw Cantilever Retaining wall. 37-38
To draw Counter fort Retaining wall.
5 39-44
To draw Rectangular and circular water tank.
6 45-46
To draw connections- Beam to beam, beam to column by bolted and welded
7 connections.
47-49
8 To draw Built up columns with lacings and battens 50-51
To draw -Column bases and gusseted bases with bolted and welded
9 connections 52-53
10 To draw- Gantry girder 53-54
11 To draw-Beams and Roof truss with bolted and welded 54-56
12 Review Questions & References 57-60
13 Applications of CAD 61
10
1.1. Introduction
BASICS AUTOCAD
The auto cad software is generated by Autodesk Company. This soft ware is mainly
developed initially for the drawing because before 1995 the drawings is to be done using
mini-drafter and the drawing is to take lots of time and especially if any slight modification
to be done it was very difficult to redo the work
Especially for the structural drawings done by detailer would not understand very
easily to bar bender for this reason compulsory an engineer have to be in the site for reading
out the drawings and to explain them and it was to tedious work to do it.
Auto cad is a tool in which we can draw any type of drawings using different commands
which are available in the software such as line, rectangle, construction line etc. In auto cad
we can do drawings 2 Dimension or 3 dimensions.
This AutoCAD tool is very user friendly because we can do modify very easily and
copy the drawings into n number of times such that the original drawing can be retained as
its in the same working window , this helps in keeping both old and revised drawings as its.
The AutoCAD has now very vastly spread all over the world because of its simple
in use and user-friendly Now a days the auto cad is available in different version such as
auto cad 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006,
2007,2008,20092010,2011,2014,2016,2017and 2018 as up to now .we are using , AUTO
CAD 2018 Version.
Launching AutoCAD
1. Choose Start from the Windows program manager.
2. Choose Programs, Autodesk, and AutoCAD version.
3. Click the AutoCAD for Windows icon.
4. Choose the AutoCAD icon from the desktop.
11
Coordinate Systems
When specifying positions you can use Cartesian or Polar Coordinates. Cartesian
coordinates are simply a X value, a comma, and a Y value, for example: 100,100. Polar
coordinates are a Distance followed by a < symbol and an angle, for example: 10<25.
Angles are measured in degrees, with 0 = East and90 = North. Any of these numbers can
have decimal values.
AUTOCAD TOOLS:
Command Description Option
DRAWING TOOLS:
1. Open Opens an existing file ---
2. Units Allows you to set the unit

type (Architectural or
Decimal), angle display
format (degrees-minutes-
seconds, or decimal
degrees), and precision of
---
the units,
3. Limits Changes the imaginary It sets lower left corner and upper
boundaries of the
12
drawing, and controls right corner.

whether drawing can be
made outside of the
boundaries. If Limit-
checking is ON, drawing
cannot be done outside of
limits.
4. Dimension style creates and modifies -----

dimension styles
5. Properties Controls properties of Select the and right click

existing object
6. Line Used to draw straight  At command line just type L

line, between two and press enter
specified points  On the tool bar click on the
line icon.
Any of the above options can be
used to draw a line. AUTOCAD will
ask you to specify the first point,
click on a point and move the
mouse. AutoCAD will now ask
‘specify the next point or [undo]’.
Respond by clicking at another
point. AutoCAD will keep asking
‘specify the next point or [undo]’,
until you finish the command by
pressing Enter.
7. Construction Draws a line to full page  At command line just type

line at any angle. CL and press enter
 On the tool bar click on the
construction line icon.
Any of the above options can
be used to draw a line
13
8. Poly-line Creates a closed polyline H sets the half-width of the

polyline segments
of a boundary by picking
 U Undoes previous segment
an open area within an  W sets the width of poly-line
area enclosed by lines, segments
<RET> Exits the P-line command
arcs or circles.
The following options are available
Unlike the standard line only as long as you are drawing in
they can have width and Line mode:
 A Switches to the Arc mode
they can follow curved to allow integration of arcs
path. To draw poly-line into the polyline
 C Closes the polyline with
you need to give start and straight segment
end point. Other options  L Segment length (continues
previous segment)
are to be selected only The following options are available
after the first point only as long as you are in the Arc
mode:
chosen.  A Included angle
 CE Center Point
 CL Closes with arc segment
 D Starting direction
 L Chord length, or switches to
line mode
 R Radius
 S Second point of 3-point arc
9. Multiline Allows you to draw 1 to  On command line type ‘ml’

6 lines parallel to each
other, by specifying the
distance between the
lines.
10. Polygon Draws regular polygons  E Specifies size and rotation

of polygon by picking
with a specified number
endpoints of one edge
of sides. Polygons are  C Circumscribes polygon
Polyline entities around a circle
 I Inscribes polygon within a
circle
14
11. Arc Draws an arc. The  A Included angle

default method of  C Center point of arc
 D Direction angle of a line
drawing arcs is selecting tangent to the arc
three points (so-called "3  E Endpoint of arc
 L Length of chord passing
point arc"), which are the thru both endpoints of the arc
two endpoints of the arc  R Radius
 S Start point of arc
and some other point
along its locus. Other
methods of drawing an
arc can be specified by
three letters, such as
SEA, which means "Start
Point, End Point, and
included angle.
12. Circle Draws a circle of any  2P Specifies circle by picking
2 points on the diameter
size. The default method
 3P Specifies circle by picking
is to pick a center point 3 points through which the
and pick a point on the circle will pass
 D Allows entering the
radius or type the radius diameter dimension instead of
dimension, but other radius dimension
 TTR Specifies circle by
methods can be selected picking two lines, arcs or
circles for the circle to be
tangent to, and entering the
dimension of the radius
 <RET> Enters radius of circle
(the default)
13. Rectangle Draws a rectangle. You  ‘A’ on command line will
give you rectangle of
can select rectangle,
specified area. AutoCAD will
AutoCAD will ask you to ask you to specify the area.
When you enter area it will
‘specify the first corner’,
ask you specify the length.
click on a point. Autocad  ‘D’ on command line will
will ask you to ‘specify give rectangle with specified
dimensions. AutoCAD will
the opposite corner’, ask you specify the length and
click on another point. then width.
15
14. Spline Allows you draw a curve.  On command line type spline.
You need to specify the

different points on the
screen and curve passing
through all the points will
be drawn.
15. Ellipses .  C Allows specification of

Center point of ellipse rather
than first axis endpoint
 R Allows specification of
eccentricity rotation rather
than length of second axis
16. Donut Draws filled rings with  Select donut option from
menu
specified inside and
 It will ask you for inner
outside diameters diameter, specify it.
 Next it will ask for outer
diameters specify it.
MODIFYING
TOOLS
17. Erase Erases selected entity from -----
the drawing.
18. Copy Draws a copy of selected M Allows multiple copies to be

objects using two methods -- made of an object
"base point" method, or ( in drawing which have similar
"displacement" method. object occurring many times such
as doors window will have to be
drawn a number of times, the
COPY command can be used
repeatable to save time.)
19. Mirror Reflects or makes mirror
image of existing or
designated entities about a
user-specified axis.
20. Offset Creates a new line, polyline, <number> specifies offset
arc or circle parallel to the distance
entity and at a specified T "Through" allows specification
distance from it. of a point through which the
offset line, polyline, arc or circle
is to pass
16
21. Array Makes multiple copies of The operation of array varies

depending on type of array you
selected objects in a
choose. In rectangular pattern
rectangular (parallel with the auto cad asks for the number of
rows (Horizontal) and columns
snap rotation) or circular
(Vertical) to be constructed.
pattern. Each resulting object
can be manipulated
independently.
22. Move Moves designated entities

from their present location to
another location without ------
changing their size and
orientation.
23. Rotate Rotates the object around a  Select the objects to rotate,
then specify the base point
central rotation point.
about which the rotation is
to occur
 Specify the angle through
which the rotation should
occur
24. Stretch Allows moving a portion of  Allows lengthening or
shortens the object.
a drawing while retaining
 Crossing window or
their connections to other polygon must cross the
parts of the drawing. You objects you want to
stretch.
cannot stretch Blocks, Hatch  Any object lies completely
patterns, or Text entities, within the selection
window is moved.
however.  You need to enter the base
point and amount of
stretch.
25. Lengthening Increases or decreases the -----
length of objects
26. Trim Erases a portion of selected  Autocad will ask you for
cutting edge.
entities crossing the “cutting
 Once the cutting edge is
edge” specified by you. selected it will ask you for
object that you want to get
17
rid off.
 Select the object you will
get rid off it.
27. Extend Extends the length of a line,
arc, or polyline to meet a ----
specified "boundary”
28. Break Erases part of a line, arc or -----

circle, or splits it into two
lines
or arcs
29. Chamfer Creates a chamfer (a angled D Sets chamfer distances

line connection) at the P Chamfers an entire polyline
intersection of two lines
30. Fillet Constructs an arc of P Fillets an entire Polyline at the

specified radius between two vertices
lines, arcs, circles, or will R Allows setting of the fillet
create arcs of the specified radius. Default value is 0. Radius
radius at the vertices of a remains set until changed again
polyline. Radius of the arc to
be constructed may be set to
0, which will make a sharp
corner
31. Explode Separates a block, dimension
or hatch pattern into its -----
constituent entities or makes
a polyline into a series of
straight lines
32. Hatch Fills an enclosed area or <pattern-name> uses hatch pattern

selected objects with a hatch name from library file to fill
pattern, solid fill, or gradient designated area with a pseudo-
fill. block hatch entity -- can be
reduced to individual lines and
points by Exploding it.
33. Pedit Allows editing of polylines C Closes an open polyline

which are already drawn D curves, or returns a Spline
curve to its control frame or series
of connected straight lines
E Edit vertices
F Fits curve to a polyline -- makes
a series of straight lines into a
curve which will pass through the
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vertices
J Joins a line or arc or another
polyline to an open polyline
L Toggles line type generation to
be either a continuous pattern of
dashes passing through the
vertices, or a pattern which starts
and ends at each vertex
O Opens a closed polyline
S Uses the polyline vertices as a
frame for a Spline Curve -- type
of Spline Curve is set by the
Variable "Spline type."
34. Osnap Enables points to be can be transparent
precisely located on CEN Centre of arc or circle
reference points of existing END closest Endpoint of arc or
objects. This is the so-called line
"Running Mode" of OSNAP, INS Insertion point of Text or
which sets selection method Block
to run continuously until set INT Intersection of line, arc, or
to NONE (none) or until circle
overridden by selecting MID Midpoint of line, arc,
another "Interrupt Mode" rectangle side, or polygon side
OSNAP method from the NEA Nearest point selected by
cursor menu. Combinations aperture on line, polyline, arc, or
of OSNAP methods can be circle
used by selecting NOD Node (another name for a
a series of options separated Point)
by commas. For instance, if NON None -- used when a
you want ot always pick "Running OSNAP" is on to
either endpoints or temporarily turn off OSNAP
intersection points when selection
locating endpoints of lines, PER Perpendicular point to line,
you would issue the arc or circle -- when used with an
command as follows: arc or circle it will draw a line to
OSNAP <RET> END,INT the surface of the arc or circle
<RET> heading toward the center point
QUA Quadrant point of arc or
circle (top, bottom, right or left
side)
QUI Quick mode -- this is a
modifier to one of the other
OSNAP options -- it will find the
first point that meets the
requirements, not necessarily the
closest point to the aperture.
TAN Tangent point to arc or
circle
19
35. Ortho Constrains drawing so that

only lines aligned with the
grid can be drawn, usually
means only horizontal or
vertical lines, however, if the
crosshairs are rotated
through the "Snap" "Rotate"
command sequence, the lines
drawn are constrained to
being parallel with the -----
crosshair rotation. Constraint
can be overridden by
snapping to a point or by
entering exact coordinates
for endpoints
36. Measure Places points (or, optionally, B specifies that a defined Block is
Blocks) at intervals along a to be used as a marker instead of a
selected line, polyline, arc or point.
circle. The interval distance
is given by the user. If points
are used as the marker to be
placed along the entity, they
are not visible unless the
Point type is set to type 3
with the PDMODE
command.
37. Scale Alters the size of existing R Resizes with respect to a
objects reference size
38. Text Draws text characters of any  Text is very important in

size with selected styles precision drawings such as
those produced by
AUTOCAD. Text is an
object on drawing, just like
line or circle. This is open to
same editing commands like
scale, move and erase.
AutoCAD gives you two
options
 Single line.
 Multiline or
39. Divide Places points along a line,  Select the object.
polyline, arc, or circle,  Autocad will ask you to
dividing it into the specified specify the number of
number of equal parts divisions or parts. Enter it you
get that object divided into
specified number of segments.
20
40. Leader Draws a line or series of

lines with an arrow head
(commonly called a
"leader") to point to an
object to notate it. This
command will also prompt
you for the note at the end of
the leader line, but it will
allow only one line of text.
The most useful method of -------
using this command is to
simply draw leaders between
the object to be notated and
text that you create with the
DTEXT command
41. Linear Draws the dimension of a -------

line linearly
dimension
42. Aligned Draws a linear dimension

with the dimension line -------
dimension
parallel to the selected
dimension origin points.
This lets you align a
dimension with an angled
line that is not either exactly
horizontal or vertical
43. Angular Draws an arc and calculates
the angle between two non-
parallel lines, and draws the
text and arrowheads. -------
Arrowheads are the standard
AutoCAD filled triangles,
regardless of your defined
Arrow Block
44. Base-line Continues a linear dimension
from the baseline (the so-
dimension -------
called "first extension line")
of the previous or selected
dimension. This is not
frequently used in
architectural dimensions
45. Centre Draws a pair of crossed lines
at the center of a circle or arc -------
on the current layer
21
46. Diameter Draws a dimension through

the center of a circle or arc,
calculating the diameter, -------
with one of the arrow heads
located at the point on the
circle or arc which is picked
47. Radius Draws the radius dimension
of an arc or circle from the
center to the point on its -------
locus where the arc or circle
was selected.
Function and Accelerator Keys
Sl.no FUNCTION KEY COMMAND
1. F1 Online Help
2. F3 Osnap ON/OFF
3. F6 Coords On/Off
4. F7 Grid On/Off
5. F8 Ortho On/Off
6. F9 Snap On/Off
7. F11 Object Snap Tracking ON/OFF
8. Press CTRL + C To COPYCLIP
9. Press CTRL + V To PASTE CLIP
10. Press CTRL + G To turn GRID on/off
11 Press CTRL + N To create a NEW drawing
12. Press CTRL + O To OPEN an existing drawing.
13. Press CTRL + P to PLOT a drawing
14. Press CTRL + S To save a drawing.
15. Press CTRL + X To cut to Clipboard.
16. Press CTRL + Z To UNDO
17. Press CTRL + A To select all
22
AutoCAD short cuts

DRAWING COMMANDS
1. Line L
2. Multiline ml
3. Poly line pl
4. 3D Poly line 3d poly
5. Polygon pol
6. Rectangle Rec
7. Arc a
8. Circle c
9. Donut do
10. Spline spl
11 Ellipse El
12. Block b
13. Write block w
14. Insert I
15. Hatch H
16. Text T
17. Dimension Dim
EDITING COMMANDs (modifying)
23
1. Change properties ch change
2. Erase E
3. Copy C
4. Mirror Mi
5. Offset O
6. Array Ar
7. Move M
8. Rotate Ro
9. Scale sc
10. Stretch S
11 Lengthen Len
12. Trim Tr
13. Extend Ex
14. Break Br
15. Chamfer Cha
16. Fillet F
17. Explode X
18. Layer LA
19. Units UN
20. Zoom Z
21. Regen Re
24
Special features:
1. LAYERS:
An auto cad drawing can be constructed over several layers. A layer is like
transparent sheet of paper which holds drawing objects. For example, a drawing of plans of
house could be constructed as follows. The walls would occupy layer called “Walls”, the
doors and windows would be placed on layer called “fitting”, etc. when a drawing is
structured in this way you have control over numerous of works.
Autocad supplies you with one default layer named as “0” (Zero). Any other layers
must be created by you, the user, although you can assign as many layers as you like to a
drawing. A layer is not limited in number of objects it can hold. Each layer should have a
distinct name.
Layers always lie directly under each other and cannot be moved. Layer can be
made visible or invisible, and can be assigned colour or line type so that each object drawn
on the layer will be in specified colour and line type.
Often the colour of line type is used to indicate the thickness of a line. Even if the
printer/plotter device you use in monochrome, assigning colours to layers can be very
important.
Setting up New Layer:

Here we will set up two layers called walls and fitting. To create a new layer, first
issue the layer command.
Command line: layer
Menu: format-- layer
1) In the layer properties manger dialogue box, click on new. Controls which layers are
displayed in the list here. Hold the names of all the layers setup for this drawing.
2) Type in a layer named “Walls” and presses enter. The wall layer is now in place,
click on show details to see its properties.
3) Try creating a new layer called “fitting”
Assigning colour to layer:

Assigning a colour to a layer that everything drawn on that layer will take on that
colour.
1) Click on colour box in the colour column.
2) Click on the colour red for the walls layer in the select colour dialogue box. Click
on it.
3) Assign the colour green to the layer fitting.
25
Making a layer current:

A layer must be current before you can draw on it. To make the layer “walls”
current, carry out the following easy steps:
1) Click on the layer name in the layer properties manager dialogue box, then click on
current button
2) Click Ok to return to the Drawing editor
3) The object properties tool bars at the top of the screen, will show the name of the
current layer and its colour.
Making layers visible or invisible:

Autocad allows you to switch a layer “off” (invisible) or “on” (visible).
Complex drawing may become cluttered, which can make it difficult to select objects for
editing or drawing. This clutter may be reduced by making a layer invisible, if you are not
working on it. When a layer is made invisible, the objects drown on it disappear from the
screen, but they still exist and part of the drawing. Layer which are invisible are not printed.
This has the advantage of allowing you to print selected layer of the drawing.
For example, a builder of house may not be interested in furnishing which an
interior designer has placed on the drawing. The furnishing layer can be made invisible and
the drawing is then plotted for builder.
Several layers can be made invisible if required. The icons for visible is a glowing
light bulb. Invisibility is shown by a dull light bulb.
2. LINETYPES:
The default line type in AutoCAD is continuous; everything you draw is shown
with a continuous line type. To draw with a dashed or dotted (or other) line type you need
to look in the two libraries of line types supplied.
How to access a line type:
The steps for using a line type are: firstly the line type must be loaded in AutoCAD from
library, and secondly set as current status.
How to use a line type:
Once a line type is loaded into AutoCAD, you are ready to use it by making it ‘current’.
That can be done in one of the following
 Assigning it to layer-this is called the By layer method
 Assign it to a block-this is called by block method
 Assign it to an object-to do this you just make the line type current and draw.
26
How to load line type:

1) In the object properties toolbar click on the line type, control down arrow or type
line type at the command line.
2) Click on other. The line type manager is displayed.
3) Click on load.
4) Make sure acadiso.lin is in this box. If it is not then click on file and select it from
library list.
5) Click on the line type you want to load. - Try dash and click ok.
6) The line type is now loaded and added to the list in the line type manager dialogue
box. You may use the line type in your drawing now.
3. Dimension tools
In many application, a precise drawing plotted to a scale is not sufficient to
convey the desired information, annotation must be added showing the lengths of
objects or the distance or the angles between objects. Dimensioning is the process of
adding this annotation to drawing.
In order to understand the dimension features, it is necessary to know few
terms that are used very often
Dimension line: It is a line with arrows at the end which represents the extent of
given dimension.
Arrows: The symbol at the end of the dimension line may vary with the Indivials
preference. AutoCAD is very flexible in this feature allowing usual arrow block to
be replaced with ticks, dots etc. the size of which can be varied.
Extension lines: Generally dimensions are drown a little away from measured
objects. In order to clearly specify the extent of measured dimension two straight
lines are drawn from the object perpendicular to the dimension line. These line are
known as extension lines.
Dimension text: This is the text that specifies the actual measurement. The default
text string accompanies the dimension is the one computed automatically by
AutoCAD. This text can be replaced with desired text or can be completely
suppressed. The dimension text style will be the current text style.
Leader: Sometimes the dimension text may be moved a suitable place since it does
not fit near the object. In such cases a pointer line with an arrow at the end is
necessary between the objects and the text. This line is as leader
Tolerance: Dimension tolerances are plus/ minus amounts that AutoCAD can
append to the Dimension text generated automatically. If the specified plus and
minus values are the same, AutoCAD draws them with a “PLUS/MINUS” symbol.
Variables: It may be necessary to change the usual format of dimensioning which is
governed by set of variables; some of the variables are just “ON/OFF” switches,
whereas others have numeric values.
Center Mark: A center mark is a small plus mark, indicating the center of a circle
or an arc.
Since the dimension features are is set of entities like dimension line,
extension lines, arrows leaders, text, which are drawn as independent entities, each
of them can be changed whenever necessary. The dimension entities are drawn on
the current layer, with current colour line type and text style.
27
Command sequence: To add dimension to drawing the DIM mode should be

activated. To activate the DIM mode type “DIM” or “DIM1” at the command
prompt and press return
Command: DIM or DIM1
DIM:
The DIM1 command executes only one dimension command and comes to normal
Command mode, where as DIM command continues to be DIM command mode
Until Requested to come out of DIM mode press CTRL-C or type EXIT at the DIM
prompt.
To continue the previous command press space bar or return key. This type of
Dimensioning to be done can be selected by typing the first three letters of
The respective type (Eg: HOR, VER, ROT etc)
The dimension commands can be ground as:
1. Linear dimension commands
2. Angular dimension commands
3. Diameter dimension commands
4. Radius dimension commands
5. Associative dimension commands
6. Dimension utility commands
 To take the print
28
MODULE-1
1) Singly reinforced beam
Draw longitudinal section and cross section of singly reinforced beam for the
following details
i) Size of the beam= 300X 450 mm
ii) Support width= 230 mm
iii) Clear span= 3000 mm
iv) Tensile reinforcement= 3 bars of 16mm diameter
v) Shear reinforcement= 8mm diameter 2LVS @150 mm c/c
vi) Anchor bars= 2 bars of 12 mm diameter.
vii) Steel used Fe415 and concrete M20.
29
2) Doubly reinforced beam

Draw longitudinal section and cross-section of the doubly reinforced beam for
the following details.
i) Clear span= 6000 mm
ii) Size of the beam= 300 X600 mm
iii) Support width= 230 mm
iv) Tensile reinforcement= 3 bars of 20 mm diameter
v) Compression reinforcement= 3 bars of 16 mm diameter
vi) Shear reinforcement= 8 mm diameter 2LVS @150 mm c/c
30
3) RCC slabs and beams

a. One way slab
Draw plan and section along short span of one way slab for the following
details
i) Dimensions of the room= 3000 X9000
ii) Thickness of slab= 150mm
iii) Support thickness= 230mm
iv) Main steel in slab= 10 mm dia bars @175 mm c/c
v) Distribution steel= 8 mm dia bars @250 mm c/c.
vi) Clear cover=20mm
vii) Steel used Fe415 and concrete M20.
31
4) Prepare plan and section along both spans for two slab for the following
Details
i) Size of the room= 4000X5500

iii) Support width=230mm
iv) Main reinforcement along shorter direction= 10 mm dia bars @175 mmc/c
v) Main reinforcement along longer direction= 8 mm dia bars @ 250 mm c/c
vii) Use Fe415 steel and M20 grade concrete
32
5) Different types of staircase

a. Dog-legged staircase
Draw plan and sectional elevation of dog legged staircase for the
following details given below.
i) Floor to floor height=3300 mm

ii) Stair room measures = 2000X4500 mm
iii) Width of the flight= 1000 mm
iv) Steps= Tread-250 mm, Rise-150 mm
v) Width of the landing = 1000mm
vi) Thickness of RC slab supporting each flight= 150 mm.
vii) Main reinforcement in slab= 10 mm diameter bars at 150 mm C/C
viii) Distribution reinforcement= 6mm diameter bars @ 200 mm C/C.
ix) Clear cover=25mm
x) Steel used Fe415 and concrete M20.
33
6) Open well Staircase
Design stair case for hospital building for the following data:
Stair case hall: 5.4m x 4.5m, Height of each floor: 3.45m, Thickness of floor slab: 150
mm, Width of stair: 1500 mm, Thickness of waist slab: 150 mm, Thickness of
Landing slab: 150 mm, Draw the plan and sectional elevation through first flight.
34
35
7) Design a Cantilever retaining wall to retain soil for a height of 4m above the
ground level.
The backfill is horizontal. Assume the following details.
Density of the backfill= 16kN/m3
SBC of Soil below wall= 150kN/m2
Angle of reposed= 30⁰
Co efficient of friction = 0.55
M20 and Fe 415 steel are used.
Draw to a suitable scale
a) Cross section of the retaining wall.
b) Longitudinal section of stem and base slab sharing all steel for about 3m length.
c) Sectional plan showing the details of steel in toe and heel slab.
Fig-1
36
37
8) Design a counter retaining wall to suit the following data:-

Height of wall above ground level = 6m
SBC of soil= 160 kN/m2
Angle of internal friction =30⁰
Density of Soil = 16 kN/m3
Spacing of counter forts = 3m c/c
M20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.
Draw to a suitable scale
i) Sectional elevation at midway between Counter fo rts.
ii) Sectional plan at base of counter fort.
38
39
40
41
42
43
9) Design circular water tank 12m diameter and 4m height. The tank rests on the ground.
The wall is fixed to the base slab. Use M20 and Fe415 steel. Adopt working stress method
and design as per IS3370. Draw to a suitable scale
1) Section through the tank
2) Base slab reinforcement at top and bottom
44
10) Design a rectangular tank of size 6mx2m. The depth of water is 2.5m. Adopt working
stress method. M20 and Fe415 steel. Draw to suitable scale
1) Sectional plan of the tank
2) Longitudinal section of the tank
3) Cross section of the tank
45
MODULE-2
1) Two secondary beams of ISLB 350@49.5kg/m & ISMB500@86.9kg/m are to be

connected to main beam of ISMB600@122.6kg/m by bolted framed connection .The
top flange beam are maintained at the same level.
(i) Connecting angles/cleat angle ISA 8mm
(ii) 3 bolts of 20mm diameter for connecting angle and beam ISLB 350@49.5kg/m
(iii) 4 bolts of 20mm diameter for connecting angle and beam ISLB 500@ 86.9kg/m
(iv) 3 bolts of 20mm diameter for connecting angle and main beam ISMB 122.6kg/m
Use pitch distance =60mm, edge distance =35mm Draw to suitable scale (i) Front sectional
view/ Sectional elevation (ii) side view.
1 (b) A cross beam ISLB 350@ 49.5kg/m is connected to main beam of ISMB
600@122.6kg/m by welded connection. The top flanges of beams are maintained at the
same level.
(i) Connecting cleat angle ISA 90X90X8mm
(ii) Connection between cleat angle and beams using 8mm fillet weld, depth of weld
200mm
(iii) Draw to suitable scale (i) Front sectional view/ Sectional Elevation side view.
46
2 Draw front elevation & side view of beam ISMB 400@61.6kg/m connected to column
ISHB 400@82.2kg/m using unstiffened seat connection .the beam is connected to web of
column
(i) Size of seat angle ISA150X150X15mm
(ii) Size of cleat angle ISA90X90X8mm
(iii) 4-22mm# for seat angle with column web.
(iv) 2-20mm # bolts for remaining connections.
2. (b) Draw front elevation & side view of beam ISMB 400@61.6kg/m connected to
column ISHB 300@63kg/m using unstiffened seat connection .the beam is connected to
flange of column. Use 5mm fillet wield all around the connection.
47
3 A beam ISMB 400 @61.6 kg/m is connected to flange to flange of column ISHB
400@ 82.2kg/m using framed bolted connection.
(i) Size of cleat angle ISA 150X115X12mm
(ii) 6-20mm in 2 rows is used to connect angles and beam
(iii) 3-20mm # bolts for each angle to connect angle and column flange
Use pitch distance =60mm, edge distance =35mm
Draw to suitable scale
(i) Front sectional view/ Sectional elevation (ii) side view.
4 (a) Draw to a suitable scale, beam to column stiffened seated connection (i) Front view
showing cross section of beam
(ii) Side view showing elevation of beam for the following details.
(1) Column –ISHB 400 @82.2kg/m
(2) Beam-ISMB 400@61.6kg/m
(3) Seat angle ISA 100X100X10mm
(4) Cleat angle ISA 90X90X8mm
Pair of stiffeners 2ISA 90X90X8, 8-20# bolts for different column in two rows, 2-
20# bolts for remaining connection.
4(b) Draw to a suitable scale, beam to column stiffened seated connection (i) Front view
showing cross section of beam
(ii) Side view showing elevation of beam for the following details.
(1) Column –ISHB 400 @82.2kg/m
(2) Beam-ISMB 400@61.6kg/m
(3) Seat angle ISA 180X150X16mm
(4) Cleat angle ISA 80X80X8mm
(5) Stiffened plate 180mmwide, 250mm deep & 10mm thick, use 6mm fillet wield for
the connection. Beam is connected to web of column.
48
49
5(a) A built column consists of 2ISLC 350@38.8kg/m placed back to back at clear
distance of 220mm the column is provided with single lacing system consisting of 60mm
X12mm flat at 450and is connected by one 20mm diameter bolt at each end .Draw to
suitable scale (i) Elevation. (ii) Plan showing all the details.
5(b) draw to suitable scale the plan and elevation of 2 ISHB 300@ 63kg/m connected by a
single lacing system with a spacing of 350mm c/c between webs .lacing bars is of 70 ISF 8
with 5mm fillet wield for a length of 50mm on either side of the flat at ends . The angle of
inclination of the lacing bars is 450 with the longitudinal axis of column .Also provide a tie
plate at the bottom of the column of size 450X250X8mm with 6mm fillet weld with end
return . The length of the column is 3.5m, show at least 2 lacing bars in elevation.
6(a) A built up column consists of 2 ISHB 300@ 58.8kg/m placed at distance of 350mm
c/c .The column is provided with batten system consisting of batten of size 200X10mm @
700mm c/c .Provide 6 bolts of 20 mm diameter in two rows for each batten for the
connection. Draw to suitable scale (i) Elevation (ii) Plan showing all the details.
6(b) A built up column consists of 4 ISA 100X 100X12 mm placed edge to edge at
distance of 350mm c/c .The column is provided with batten system consisting of batten of
size 250X200mmX10mm @ 700mm c/c .The 6mm fillet wield is used for the connection
. Draw to suitable scale (i) Elevation (ii) Plan showing all the details.
50
5(a) Bolted Lacing connection 5(b) Welded Lacing connection
51
6(a) Bolted Batten connection 6(b) Welded Batten connection
52
7 A slab base for a column stanchion ISHB 350@67.4kg/m is to be shown for the
following details
Base plate- (700x400x18) mm
Web angles-ISA (90x90x8) mm-200mm long, connected using 3 bolts of 20#
Flange angles-ISA (100x100x10) mm -250mm long, connected using 3 bolts of 20#
Foundation – (900x900x450) mm-M25 Grade concrete connected using 4 Anchor bolts-of
M24 (HSFG) 300mm long, Draw sectional plan, side elevation, and front elevation of slab
base.
53
8 Draw to a suitable scale

(i) Cross section of gantry girder
(ii) Plan details
(iii)Elevation
For the details given below : ISMB 600@ 133.7kg/m Top channel : ISMC 350@
42.1kg/m bottom cover plate 320X12 mm, 16mm diameter bolts at 95mm c/c top and
bottom.
54
9 Draw to a suitable scale for the details given below: 2 bolts for all the connection with 10
mm thick gusset plate.
(i) Elevation of truss greater than half span
(ii) Enlarged view of left support joint.
55
56
57
REVIEW QUESTIONS
REMEMBRANCE
1. Sketch different cross section of welded plate girder?

2. How welded plate girders are superior to the bolted plate girders?
3. What are the limits states to be considered in the design of compression flange and
tension flange?
4. How the initial overall depth of welded plate girder is taken?
5. How the horizontal shear at the interface between the flange plate and the web is taken
care of?
6. The force per unit length of girder resisted by the weld is termed as --------------
7. Differentiate between flange local buckling and lateral Torsional buckling?
8. What are the different limit states to be considered in the design of compression and
tension flanges respectively?
9. Explain tension field action?
UNDERSTANDING
1. Why cover plates are not used in welded plate

2. What is the primary function of the bearing stiffener?
3. Do the primary purpose of the intermediate stiffener is to resist the directly applied loads
or to provide stiffness – justify?
4. Why compressive strength is calculated based on the radius of gyration about an axis in
the plane of web?
5. How the shear capacity is calculated before buckling?
6. How the shear strength is calculated after post buckling
7. Can the plate girder be designed without intermediate stiffener?
8. Why compressive strength is calculated based on the radius of gyration about an axis in
the plane of web?
9. Under what conditions tensile field action is not possible? In such cases, how the shear
Capacity can be estimated?
EXERCISE PROBLEMS
1. Design a welded plate girder for an effective span of 20m to carry a uniformly distributed
load 100kN including self weight. Design the central section, section at support and details
of curtailment of flange plates.
2. A welded plate girder is to be designed to carry to UDL of 100kN/m over effective span
of 18m and concentrated load of 120kN at the centre of the span. Design central section,
welded connection and bearing stiffener below concentrated loads.
3. A plate girder of span 20m is subjected to concentrated loads of 40kN placed at intervals
of 2.5m along the span. Also it is subjected to uniform distributed loads of 20kN/m. Design
the cross section of the girder at midspan. Design the stiffeners necessary
4. Design the central section of simply supported welded plate girder of effective span of
20m. It carries a uniformly distributed load of 30 kN/m along with the two concentrated
loads at one third points, each concentrated load is 400kN.
58
5. A Welded plate girder of span 20m carries a live load of 40 KN /m and dead load of
20kN/m. design (a) Central section of the plate girder
(b) Connection between flange plate and weld
(c) Bearing stiffener
6. Design the central section of the plate girder which is simply supported over a span of
20m. the plate girder is subjected to a live load of 40kN/m. Assume an impact factor
Allowance of 0.25. Design should confirm with IS specification.
7. A welded plate girder consists of 2000mm deep and 10mm thick web plate and flange
Plates of 500× 40𝑚𝑚 the girder has a span of 28m. It carries a udl of 30kN/m inclusive of
its own weight .over the entire span. Design the necessary stiffeners and fasteners.
8. Design a web splice for a welded plate girder resist a bending moment of 4000kNM and
a vertical shear force of 600kN. The plate girder is made up welded plate 1700× 10𝑚𝑚.
Each flange consists of two plates 300× 10𝑚𝑚 thick. Use suitable size of weld.
9. Explain the necessity of curtailment of flange plate in plate girder. Derive the related
Formula.
10. Design a welded plate girder of 20m span of a simply supported bridge deck subjected
to the following
(i) Dead load including self weight = 25kN/m
(ii) Imposed load = 15kN/m
(iii) Two moving loads of 200kN spaced at 2m apart
The top flange is laterally restrained. Design (i) an unstiffened plate girder with thick webs
(iii)Redesign the same with intermediate stiffeners using tension field action
11. Determine the bucking resistance of a welded plate girder consisting of 500×20mm
flange with 1200mm×20mm web. Assume the unbraced span as 5.0m.
REMEMBRANCE
1) What is crane girder?

2) What is Gantry girder?
3) List the forces that are acting on the Gantry girder?
4) What is minimum hook distance?
5) What is web crippling and web buckling?
6) Distinguish between vertical, lateral and longitudinal load?
UNDERSTANDING
1) Why the upper flange of a gantry girder is made heavier than the lower flange?
2) Why intermittent welds are not preferred in the gantry girder?
3) Mention the position of wheel loads for maximum shear force?
4) Mention the position of wheel loads for maximum bending moment?
5) Mention the position of loads in the lateral direction for maximum bending moment and
Maximum shear force
59
REVIEW PROBLEMS
1. Design a simply supported Gantry girder to support EOT crane for the data
i) Span of the crane girder = 25 m
ii) Span of the gantry girder = 8 m
iii) Capacity of the crane = 200 kN
iv) Self weight of the crane (excluding the crab) = 150 kN
v) Weight of the crab = 60 kN
vi) Minimum hook distance = 0.8 m
vii) Wheel base = 4.2 m
viii) Self weight of rail = 0.3 kN/m
ix) Height of rail = 75 mm
2. Design a simply supported Gantry girder for the data
i) Spacing of column = 4m
ii) Capacity of the crane = 160kN
iii) Weight of the crane excluding the crab = 250kN
iv) Weight of the crab = 60kN
v) Minimum hook distance = 0.8 m
vi) Wheel base = 4.2 m
vii) C/C distance between gantry girder = 22 m
viii) Height of rail = 105 mm
ix) Expected number of cycles = 1.8 x 106
3. Design a Gantry girder for an electric overhead crane for the data
Capacity of the crane = 80kN
Weight of Trolley = 30kN
Weight of the crane girder = 150kN
Spacing of the crane girder = 15 m
C/C distance between columns = 6 m
Minimum distance between trolley and Gantry girder = 1.2 m
C/C distance between crane wheels = 3m
Check for longitudinal and shear stress.
4. Design a Gantry girder to be used in the workshop where columns are spaced at 8m C/C.
Given
i) Crane capacity = 100kN
ii) Weight of crab = 40kN
iii) Weight of crane excluding crab = 160 kn
iv) Minimum clearance between C/C and cross interval = 1.2 m
v) Wheel base = 3.5 m
vi) C/C of crane girder = 15m.
60
TEXT BOOKS:
1) Krishna Raju, “ Structural Design and drawing of Reinforced concrete
and steel “, University Press
2) Krishna Murthy, “Structural Design and drawing –Concrete structures”

CBS Publishers, New Delhi
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1) IS-456-2000: Plain and Reinforced Concrete- Code of practice.
2) SP-16(1980): Design aids for Reinforced Concrete to IS456-2000.
3) SP 34: Hand book on concrete Reinforcement and detailing, Bureau of

Indian standards
4) IS13920:2016, Ductile Design and Detailing of Reinforced concrete

structures subjected to seismic forces – code of practice, Bureau of Indian
standard.
61
Applications of CAD Lab
 CAD improves the productivity of the designer to visualize the

product and its component parts and reduces the time required in
synthesizing, analyzing and documenting the design.
 CAD system permits a more detailed engineering analysis and a

larger number of design alternatives can be investigated.
 The use of a CAD system provides better engineering drawings,

more standardization in the drawing, and better documentation of
the design, few drawing errors and legibility.
 It improves the efficiency of the design process by performing

various iterations and helps to select most suitable economical
section.
62

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DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Course Title : Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

This is to Certify that Mr. / Ms. ……………………………………………………………………………..

bearing USN ……1GA .............................................................................................................of the

Name & Signature of the Course Instructor

This manual is designed in accordance to the new syllabus (2015-16) prescribed by

Engineering Graduates will be able to:

1. Engineering knowledge: Apply the knowledge of mathematics, science, engineering

3. Design/development of solutions: Design solutions for complex engineering problems and

4. Conduct investigations of complex problems: Use research-based knowledge and

7. Environment and sustainability: Understand the impact of the professional engineering

9. Individual and team work: Function effectively as an individual, and as a member or

Program Specific Outcomes ( PSOs)

PSO3. Evaluate buildings for resource conservation.

Subject Code : 15CV54 IA Marks 20

h) Layout plan of Rainwater recharging and harvesting system

1. Single and Double storey residential building

Course Name : Computer Aided Building Planning and Drawing

2. Apply the tools of AUTOCAD software to prepare structural drawings of

3. Prepare plan, elevation and sectional drawings of residential buildings in

4. Execute plan , elevation and sectional drawings of hostel, hospital, school

Co’s Course outcome PO CL Class

CO1 Comprehend the basic principles of PO1 U 12 Hrs

building planning and drawings as per codal

CO2 Apply the tools of AUTOCAD software to PO1, AP 12 Hrs

CO3 PO1, AP 13 Hrs

CAD software. PSO 2

CO4 Execute plan ,elevation and sectional PO1, AP 13 Hrs

Sl. Experiment / Program Name

04 Different types of Staircases -Dog legged and Open well Staircase.

05 Lintel and chajja.

06 RCC Slabs and Beams.

08 Septic Tank and Sedimentation tank

09 Steel truss (Bolted Connection)

10 Layout plan of Rainwater recharging and harvesting system

11 Single storey residential building- plan, elevation and sectional elevation

12 Double-storey residential building

Basic AutoCAD Drawing Tools: Lines, Circle, Arc, Polyline,

2.3 To draw Different types of Staircases using AutoCAD. 39-42

2.4 To draw Lintel and chajja using AutoCAD. 43

2.5 To draw RCC Slabs and Beams using AutoCAD. 44-47

2.6 Cross-section of Pavement. 48

2.8 Septic tank & Sedimentation tank 49-50

2.9 Steel truss 50

3.0 Layout plan of Rainwater recharging and harvesting system 52

3.1 Cross section of residential road 53

3.1 Single storey and two-storey residential building 54-56

3.2 School building 57

3.3 Hospital building 58

3.4 Hostel building 59

The AutoCAD software is launched by Autodesk. This software is mainly developed

 AutoCAD improves the productivity of the designer to visualize the product

 AutoCAD serves as engineering drafting tool for designing various components,

AutoCAD vs Manual Drawings

Graphical User Interface

Command Description Option

2. Units Allows you to set the unit

4. Dimension style creates and modifies ----

7. Construction Draws a line to full page at  At command line just type

8. Multiline Allows you to draw 1 to  On command line type ‘ml’

9. Poly-line Creates a closed polyline  H sets the half-width of the

Unlike the standard line