Curriculum Vita

Dr. Raymond R. Panko

IT Management Department
Shidler College of Business
University of Hawai`i

ADDRESS:
College of Business Administration
University of Hawaii
2404 Maile Way
Honolulu, HI 96822
http://panko.shidler.hawaii.edu
Office: (808) 956-5049
Fax: (808) 956-9889
Internet: Panko@hawaii.edu
URL:

EDUCATION:
Degree Institution Year GPA Major/Emphasis
Ph.D. Stanford University 1975 4.00 Communication
Research
MBA Seattle University 1971 3.93 Organizational
Communication
B.S. Seattle University 1968 3.95 Physics (summa cum
laude)

ACADEMIC POSITIONS
University of Hawaii, 1977-present, assistant to full professor

NONACADEMIC POSITIONS
Program manager, Stanford Research Institute, 1973-1977
Acoustics/psychoacoustics specialist, The Boeing Company, 1968-
1970
Friction researcher, Applied Magnetics Corporation

PUBLICATIONS
Refereed Journal Articles
Book or Monograph Chapters
Books
Conference Presentations
Other Publications
Website Development

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SERVICE, TEACHING, TRAINING, AND CONSULTING
Service, Teaching, Training, and Consulting

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 SELECTED PUBLICATIONS

Articles in International or National Refereed Journals

Panko, Raymond R. and Aurigemma, Salvatore, “Revising the Panko–
Halverson Taxonomy of Spreadsheet Errors,” Decision Support Systems,
Volume 49, Issue 2, May 2010, Pages 235-244.

Panko, Raymond R., “IT Employment Prospects: Beyond the Dotcom

Bubble” European Journal of Information Systems, 17.3, July 2008, 182-
197.

EJIS is one of the six top journals according to the “senior scholars”
group in information systems.
Panko, Raymond R., “How Do We Control the Spreadsheets?” Information
Systems Control Journal Online, January, 2007.
The journal is the publication of the Information Systems Audit and
Control Association. This is the main society for IT auditing. The
article presents a framework for adding security and controls to
large-scale systems of operational spreadsheets.
Panko, Raymond R., “Two Experiments in Reducing Overconfidence in
Spreadsheet Development,” Journal of Organizational and End User
Computing, 19(1), January–March 2007, 1-23.
JOEUC is the top IS journal in the field of end user computing, which
encompasses spreadsheet research, which is Dr. Panko’s research
focus. The article suggests that overconfidence may be the reason
for poor spreadsheet development and security practices. The paper
reports on a technique to reduce overconfidence and improve
spreadsheet accuracy.
Panko, Raymond R., “Spreadsheets and Sarbanes–Oxley: Regulations,
Risks, and Control Frameworks,” Communications of the AIS, 17(9), May
2006.
Communications of the AIS is consistently ranked in to top 5
journals in the MIS field. This article notes that most companies are
using spreadsheets extensively in their financial reporting processes
that come under Sarbanes-Oxley compliance. The article also notes
that over 90% of in-use operational spreadsheets that were audited
contained material errors. It also noted the presence of security
practices inadequate for Sarbanes-Oxley. The remainder of the
article discusses ways to increase spreadsheet accuracy and
security.

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Panko, Raymond R., “Slammer: The First Blitz Worm,” Communications of
the AIS, 11(12), February 2003.
This article was edited for publication in record time by CAIS in order
to get information out quickly for publication due to the crisis
created by the Slammer worm. It’s nice to see referees work fast.
Panko, Raymond R. and Beh, Hazel, “Monitoring for Performance and
Sexual Harassment,” Communications of the ACM, in a special section on
Internet Abuse in the Workplace, January 2002.
All studies of MIS publications place CACM among the top three in
terms of desirability of publication. This article, co-authored with a
law professor, reviewed the legal basis for employee workplace
monitoring, including what firms should do if they decide to monitor
certain workplace behavior.
Panko, Raymond R. and Halverson, Richard P., Jr., “An Experiment in
Collaborative Spreadsheet Development,” 2(4) Journal of the Association
for Information Systems, July 2001.
This is the research journal of the Association of Information
Systems, the leading professional research society in MIS.
Panko, Raymond R., “Applying Code Inspection to Spreadsheet Testing,”
Journal of Management Information Systems, 16(2), Fall 1999, 159-176.
The ITM department listed JMIS as one of its top three journals.
Panko, Raymond R. & Sprague, Ralph H., Jr., “Hitting the Wall: Errors in
Developing and Code Inspecting a 'Simple' Spreadsheet Model,” Decision
Support Systems, 22(4), April 1998, 337-353.
DSS generally is listed among the top 10 MIS journals.
Panko, Raymond R. & Kinney, Susan T., “Satisfaction, Technology
Adoption, and Performance in Project Teams,” commentary, Journal of
Computer Documentation, 22(2), Association for Computing Machinery,
SIGDOC, May, 1998, pp. 30-33.
Panko, Raymond R., “What Should We Do About Spreadsheets?” IS Audit
and Control Journal, III, 1998, pp. 29-34.
This is a top journal in information systems auditing.
Panko, Raymond R., “What Do We Know About Spreadsheet Errors?”
Journal of End User Computing, 10(2) Spring, 1998, special issue on large-
scale end user development, 15-21.
JEUC is the top IS journal in the field of End User Computing, which
encompasses spreadsheet research.

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Panko, Raymond R. & Halverson, Richard Jr., “Are Two Heads Better than
One? (At Reducing Errors in Spreadsheet Modeling),” Office Systems
Research Journal 15(1), Spring 1997, 21-32.
OSRA is a top journal in the office systems literature but is a
relatively minor journal.
Panko, Raymond R. & Richard Halverson, Jr., “Understanding Spreadsheet
Risks,” Office Systems Research Journal, 14(2), Fall 1996, 1-11.
Panko, Raymond R., “Managerial Communication Patterns,” Journal of
Organizational Computing, 2(1), 1992, 95-122.
Panko, Raymond R., “The Office Workforce: A Structural Analysis,” Office
Systems Research Journal, 10(2), 1992, 3-20.
Panko, Raymond R., “Is Office Productivity Stagnant?” MIS Quarterly, June
1991, pp. 191-203.

Book or Monograph Chapters

Panko, Raymond R., “Computer Emergency Response Teams,” In Hossein
Bidgoli, The Handbook of Information Technology, John Wiley & Sons,
2009.
Panko, Raymond R. “Data Communications and Information Security,” In
S. Bosworth and M. Kabay, Computer Security Handbook, 5th Edition, New
York: Wiley, forthcoming.
The Computer Security Handbook is one of the premiere sources of
information of IT security professionals. The chapter looked at
networking concepts in turns of their security implications.
Panko, Raymond R., “Authentication is the Hard Part: Digital Signatures,”
In Hossein Bidgoli, The Handbook of Information Security, John Wiley &
Sons, 2005.
Dr. Panko was on the Encyclopedia of Security’s editorial board. This
article demonstrates that although encryption for confidentiality is
often discussed, authentication is a far more serious issue. The
paper then gives a new framework for authentication methods.
Panko, Raymond R., “Securing the Internet,” In Hossein Bidgoli, The
Handbook of Information Security, John Wiley & Sons, 2005.
This article for the first time summarizes a broad effort by the
Internet Engineering Task Force to add security to all major Internet
TCP/IP standards or to replace these standards with more secure
standards.
Panko, Raymond R., “Digital Signatures,” In Hossein Bidgoli, The Internet
Encyclopedia, John Wiley & Sons (2004).

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 This article was a precursor to the article in The Encyclopedia of
Security.
The Internet Encyclopedia received the prestigious Association of
American Publishers Award for Multi-Volume Reference/Science. Dr.
Panko was on the Internet Encyclopedia’s editorial board.
Panko, Raymond R., “Computer Emergency Response Teams,” In Hossein
Bidgoli, The Internet Encyclopedia, John Wiley & Sons (2004).
This article was a precursor to the article in The Encyclopedia of
Security.
Panko, Raymond R., “Internet Security,” In Hossein Bidgoli, The Internet
Encyclopedia, John Wiley & Sons (2004).
This article was a precursor to the article in The Encyclopedia of
Security.
Panko, Raymond R., “M-Commerce: Mobile Electronic Commerce,” in
Subhasish Dasgupta (Ed.) Managing Internet and Intranet Technologies in
Organizations: Challenges and Opportunities, Hershey, Pennsylvania: Idea
Group Publishing, 2001.
Panko, Raymond R., “Security: The Snake in the E-Commerce Garden,” in
Subhasish Dasgupta (Ed.) Managing Internet and Intranet Technologies in
Organizations: Challenges and Opportunities, Hershey, Pennsylvania: Idea
Group Publishing, 2001.
Panko, Raymond R., “Designing Groupware for Implementation,” Chapter
6 in J. Schement (Ed.), Information and Behavior, Vol. IV, 1993, 335-367.
Panko, Raymond R., “Electronic Mail,” in MacMillan Encyclopedia of
Computers, 1992.
Panko, Raymond R., “Skewed Use in Groupware,” in Desktop Information
Technology, Kaiser, K.M. and Oppelland, H.J., eds., Amsterdam: North
Holland, 1990. 177-191.
Panko, Raymond R., Electronic Mail. Chapter 9 in K. T. Quinn, Advanced in
Office Automation, Vol. 1, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1985, 191-228.

Books
Panko, Raymond R., Data Networking and Telecommunications (6th Ed.),
Upper Saddle Ridge, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 2007.
Panko, Raymond R., Data Networking and Telecommunications (5th Ed.),
Upper Saddle Ridge, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 2005.
Panko, Raymond R., Corporate Computer and Network Security, Upper
Saddle Ridge, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 2004.

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Panko, Raymond R., Business Data Networking and Telecommunications
(4d Ed.), Upper Saddle Ridge, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2003.
Panko, Raymond R., Business Data Communications and Networking (3d
Ed.), Upper Saddle Ridge, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 2001.
Panko, Raymond R., Business Data Communications and Networking (2nd
Ed.), Upper Saddle Ridge, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1999.
Panko, Raymond R., Business Data Communications, Upper Saddle Ridge,
New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, 1997.
Panko, Raymond R., End User Computing: Management, Applications, and
Technology, New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1988.

Conference Presentations
Panko, Raymond R., “Another Taxonomy of Spreadsheet Errors” EuSpRIG
2008 Proceedings, Greenwich, UK, Sponsored by the European
Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group (EuSpRIG), July 9-11, 2007.
This paper updates the author’s 1996 taxonomy of spreadsheet
errors that has been widely used in spreadsheet research.
Panko, Raymond R., “Thinking is Bad” EuSpRIG 2007 Proceedings,
Greenwich, UK, Sponsored by the European Spreadsheet Risks Interest
Group (EuSpRIG), July 5-7, 2007.
This somewhat whimsical title emphasizes that spreadsheet
technology is not the main cause of spreadsheet errors. Whenever
humans think, they are likely to make mistakes. We must
understand inherent user error to understand spreadsheet errors,
and spreadsheet error research must be heavily informed by human
error research.
Panko, Raymond R., “Compliance–Appropriate Spreadsheet Testing,”
Proceedings of the 12th Americas Conference on Information Systems,
Acapulco, Mexico, August 4-6, 2006.
This paper expanded on the next conference paper.
Panko, Raymond R., “Recommended Practices for Spreadsheet Testing”
EuSpRIG 2006 Proceedings, Cambridge, UK, Sponsored by the European
Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group (EuSpRIG), July 5-7, 2006.
Comprehensive testing (including inspection) is rarely done in
spreadsheet development and is rarely even recommended in “best
practice” guidelines for spreadsheets. This paper draws together
research indicating that spreadsheet testing is very difficult and will
take roughly as much effort as the development phases. Certain
spreadsheet quality assurance methods, notably comprehensive
inspection, appear to be promising.
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Panko, Raymond R., “Designing a Pedagogy for an IT Security Course,”
Proceedings of the 39th Annual Hawaii International Conference on
System Sciences (CD-ROM), Computer Society Press, January 2006.
IT security courses are quite new. This presentation discusses the
considerations and trade-offs that must be faced in the design of
these courses.
Panko, Raymond R. and Ordway, Nicholas, “Sarbanes–Oxley: What about
All the Spreadsheets? Controlling for Errors and Fraud in Financial
Reporting.” EuSpRIG 2005 Proceedings, Greenwich, London, Sponsored by
the European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group (EuSpRIG), July 6-8, 2005.
This was an invited keynote paper at the conference. This paper led
to the Communications of the AIS refereed journal article published
in 2006.
Panko, Raymond R., “Where Are We Now? Where Do We Need to Go?”
EuSpRIG 2005 Proceedings, Greenwich, London, Sponsored by the
European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group (EuSpRIG), July 6-8, 2005.
This was an invited paper at a reception honoring Dr. Panko for his
leadership in spreadsheet research.
Panko, Raymond R., “An Experiment in Reducing Overconfidence in
Spreadsheet Development.” Proceedings of the Conference on
Spreadsheet Risks, Audit and Development Methods, Trinity College,
Dublin, July 24-25, 2003, Sponsored by the European Spreadsheet Risks
Interest Group (EuSpRIG).
This journal paper led to the refereed journal to be published in
2007 in the Journal of Organizational and End User Computing.
Panko, Raymond R., “Spreadsheet Errors: What We Know. What We Think
We Can Do.” Proceedings of the Conference on Spreadsheet Risks, Audit
and Development Methods, University of Greenwich, London, Sponsored
by the European Spreadsheet Risks Interest Group (EuSpRIG), July 17-18,
2000
Panko, R. R. (2000, January). “Two Corpuses of Spreadsheet Errors.”
Proceedings of the Thirty-Third Hawaii International Conference on
System Sciences, Maui, Hawai`i.
Panko, Raymond R. & Panko, David K., “Where Do You Want to Fly Today?
A User Interface Travel Genre Based on Flight Simulators,” Proceedings of
the 31st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, January,
1998.
Panko, Raymond R., “Lessons from the First Hypertext Digital Library, The
NLS/Augment Journal System, A Hypertext Management System (HMS),”

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Proceedings of the 31st Hawaii International Conference on System
Sciences, January, 1998.
Panko, Raymond R., “Hitting the Wall: Errors Developing and Debugging a
‘Simple’ Spreadsheet Model,” Proceedings of the Twenty-Ninth Hawaii
International Conference on System Sciences, Volume II, Kihei, Maui,
January, 1996, pp. 356-363.
Panko, Raymond R. and Halverson, R. H., Jr. “Spreadsheets on Trial: A
Framework for Research on Spreadsheet Risks,” Proceedings of the
Twenty-Ninth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
Volume II, Kihei, Maui, January, 1996, pp. 326-335.
Kinney, Susan T. & Panko, Raymond R., “Dimensions of Conference Room
Meetings,” INFORM, Washington, D.C., Proceedings, May 1996.
Kinney S.T. & Panko, R.R. “Real Project Teams: Profiles and Surveys of
Member Perceptions,” Proceedings of the Hawaii International Conference
on System Sciences, Vol. III, Kihei, Hawaii, Los Alamitos, CA: IEEE
Computer Society Press, January 1996, pp. 128-138.
with Susan T. Kinney, “Working Relationships: Assessing the Need for
Media to Support Close Personal Relationships at Work,” Proceedings of
the Twenty-Eighth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
Vol. IV, Kihei, Hawaii, January 1995, 24-33.
Panko, Raymond R. and Halverson, R. H., Jr. “Individual and Group
Spreadsheet Design,” Proceedings of the Twenty-Seventh Hawaii
International Conference on System Sciences, Volume IV, Kihei, Maui,
January, 1994, pp. 4-10.
“Mis-Measuring Information Systems Impacts: DeMinimus, The
Technological Imperative, and other Everyday Blunders,” paper presented
at the 53d Academy of Management Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, August
8-11, 1993.
“Skewed Use in the Steady State for Electronic Mail and Other
Groupware,” in Nunamaker, J. F. Jr. (eds) Proceedings of the Twenty-Sixth
Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Vol. 4;
Information Systems: Collaborative Technology, Organizational Systems
and Technology, Kihei, Hawaii, January 5-8, 1993, Kihei, Hawaii, pp. 42-50.
“Why are we Meeting?" in Nunamaker, J. F. Jr. (eds) Proceedings of the
Twenty-Sixth Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
Vol. 4, Kihei, Hawaii, January 5-8, 1993, pp. 169-178.
Raymond R. Panko, “Extending Use of Time Studies” Proceedings of the
Twenty-Fifth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Vol. IV,
Kauai, Hawaii, January 1992, pp. 60-69.

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Raymond R. Panko & Susan T. Kinney, “Dyadic Organizational
Communication: Is the Dyad Different?” Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth
Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Vol. IV, Kauai,
Hawaii, January 1992, pp. 244-251.

Other Publications (Highly Selective)

Raymond R. Panko, “Security and Sarbanes Oxley: What about the
Spreadsheets?” The ISSA Journal, April 2006.
The Information Systems Security Association is the main IT security
society for information systems professionals. The ISSA Journal is
the society’s main publication. It is widely read by IT security
professionals. IT security is a major focus for Dr. Panko.
Panko, Raymond R., “In the Classroom: Facing the Problem of Spreadsheet
Errors, Decision Line (37)5, 8-10.
Decision Line is a publication of the Decision Sciences Institute,
which is the leading association for decision sciences.

Website Development
Panko, Raymond R., Spreadsheet Research (SSR) Website,
http://panko.shidler.hawaii.edu/ssr/.
This website is widely used by spreadsheet researchers, and it is
widely cited in the literature.
Panko, Raymond R., Human Error Website,
http://panko.shidler.hawaii.edu/HumanErr/.
This research website is well-cited in the human error literature.

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 SERVICE

EDITORIAL ACTIVITIES (MOST RECENT THREE)

Editorial review board, Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic
Commerce.
Editorial review board, Journal of Information Technology Cases and
Applications.
Editorial review board, Office Research Systems Journal.

PROFESSIONAL SERVICE
ICIS Program Committee Member
Minitrack chair, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,
several years.

INTERNAL SERVICE

Department
Chair, IT Management Department
Faculty Advisor, student MIS club
Coordinator, Introductory MIS course
Department representative, Research and Faculty Development
Committee

College
Faculty council president
Curriculum Committee Chair

University
Served on three promotion and tenure review committees

TEACHING AWARDS
At Business Night 2003, he received the Dennis Ching College of Business
Administration Teaching Excellence Award for Senior Faculty.

TRAINING AND CONSULTING CLIENTS

Before coming to the University, he was a project manager at Stanford
Research Institute (now SRI International). At the research institute and at
the university, he has consulted from many local, national and
international clients, including the following: The Office of the President of
the United States, AT&T, Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, Western Union
Telegraph Company, British Post Office, Bell Canada, Trans-Canada
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Telephone System, Fujitsu, Wang Laboratories, Hughes Aircraft Space
Division, RCA, Royal Dutch Shell, The Council of European Post and
Telecommunications Administrations, RCA, 20th Century-Fox, ABC, CBS,
NBC, HBO, NASA, National Institutes of Standards and Technology, NSF,
Congressional Office of Technology Assessment, Secretary of Health,
Education, and Welfare, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, U.S.
Army Development and Readiness Command, U.S. Army Ballistics
Research Laboratory, Naval Electronics Laboratory Command, A.C. Nielson
DATAQUEST, Auerbach Publishers, Diebold Automated Office Program,
International Institute of Research (Singapore), TEA Pty. Ltd. (Australia),
and Communications Studies and Planning (U.K.).

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