DAE Mechanical Technology Basic Engineer PDF

DAE Mechanical Technology
1st Year
2011-2012
Basic Engineering Drawing &

CAD-I
(MT-163)
1. Lesson Plans
2. Operation Sheets
NAVTTC / TEVTA/ JICA

December 2011
This TLM has been developed in the "Project for Development of Center of Excellence of Technical Education", on
Mechanical Technology at Government College of Technology Railway Road (GCT RR), by a collaboration work among
National Vocational & Technical Training Commission (NAVTTC), Punjab Technical Education and Vocational Training
Authority (TEVTA) and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA).
CAD-I
MT-163
LESSON PLANS
Table of Contents
Application of Technical Drawing 1

Application of Technical Drawing 6
Drafting equipments, construction, use and care 8
Types of Lines 10
Lettering 12
Drafting Geometry 14
Drafting Geometry 16
Sketching and Shape Description 18
Engineering Curves 20
Introduction to Multi view drawing 22
Introduction to Multi-view Projection 24
Introduction to Pictorial Drawing 30
Introduction to Pictorial Drawing 32
Introduction to Pictorial drawing 34
Introduction to Pictorial drawing 36
Basic Dimensioning 38
Basic Dimensioning 40
Introduction to the Development 42
Introduction to the Development 44
LESSON PLAN
TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 01(A)

Application of Technical Drawing Name:
Subject: MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 Time:
GENERAL OBJECTIVES:-
1. Know the graphic/Universal Language and its types.
2. Describe the communication levels.
3. Describe the role of Inventor, Engineer
Designer, Technician, and Craftsman.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors

1. Describe the Engineering Team SSC, General Information About Sketching
2. Describe the Engineering Design Terms & Drawing
3. Describe the Communication Methods
4. Describe uses of Drawing in the
manufacturing of construction field
Time TOPICS, NOTES (Brief) Key points/Reminders/Sketch

allocated with teacher students activities Teaching Aids/Evaluation
INTRODUCTION Graphic/universal language  Drawing is a method to describe

1.1 Impotence of Technical Drawing with lines without words.
Imagination: What do you think  Someone has said “a picture is

worth 10,000 words”
You will need for a better life style in this century.  The carvings on the ancient temples
 What kind of house will you need? of Egypt serve to tell a story – a
 What kind of car will you drive? story without words.
 What magic will your computer?  It is the graphic language.
If you stretch your imagination you can start thinking  Mother of Engineering.
about how things will be designed in the future.  Language of Industry/universal
 All designs need creative imagination. language.
Communication: 9/2 Gift of creative imagination is more

important than all technology.
Technology is the result of creative
researchers, Engineers and Designers
thinking about what will be needed
tomorrow and beyond.
 Idea – How you can tell to others.
 Talk, write or draw a picture.
1
Vee Block (example) In industry design ideas communicated
through special kind of technical drawing
process called drafting.
Figure To show his description and size,
specification, it is easy to describe
through drawing than written description.
Innovation: Imagination & communication lead to
innovation.
 One new Product leads to the
development of others.
Example of wheel  Such products are called spin-offs.
Wheels make it possible for animals to move greater
loads.  Gear, cam, rotating shafts Propellers
and turbine engines have the
modification of wheel.
Communication levels. Ref. (19---23/2) Begins idea in the mind of Engineer or

Level one :- (Creative communication.) designer.
Birth of idea, sketch the 1st concept.
Level two:- (Technical communication  Designer and Engineer gives a sketch

to other members of design team.
 Change the original design to make
it more practical.
 Design refined or improved through
the ideas of several peoples.
Especially useful in Architecture

(Perspective)
Level three:- (Market communication) Clients evaluate design for style form &
Design for a client/customer. function.
These drawing must be complete so that

the estimators can figure the exact cost of
Level four:- (Construction communication) a Project.
 Includes all the detail needed for manufacturing  Factory Superintendent can know
or construction. exactly how a product is to be made.
People who use the drawings should not
have to guess about details or ask
questions.
Inventor is a creator who gives the idea.

1.2 Language of Engineering Terminology Engr. sees its technical physibility and
specification.
2
Role of Engineering Team Ref.(16,17/2) Designer design it properly, how its work
etc.
 Inventor Technician manufactures it in different
 Engineer levels.
 Designer Craftsman is a most important person
 Technician which gives the shape initially how it
 Craftsman looks etc.
3
Engineering Design Terms 2/1 Drawing is universal graphic language
used by Engineering design team all over
Must be familiar with these terms the world.
Drafting (common) Refer to all the following types of

communication.
Drafting Technology. Tools & technologies used by designers,

drafters and engineers to develop the
items for new products into useable
technical drawing.
Technical Drawing  Broad terms which expresses

technical ideas including sketches,
Mechanical drawing Charts and
illustrations.
 Free hand technical drawing
Technical Sketching
Communicate the shape of idea to
others.
A technical drawing made with drafting

Mechanical Drawing
instruments.
A mechanical drawing used by the

Engineering Drawing Engineering team to describe the
production of a part, its shape, size and
its material.
Graphic illustration/drawing that

Engineering Graphic represents physical objects used in
Engineering and science.
A method for solving special and

Descriptive Geometry graphical problems using precise
geometric descriptions.
Interactive design tool used to produce

CAD and Drafting CAD. design ideas and technical drawing using
computer Hard ware and Soft ware.
Most commonly used to mean

CAD “Computer Aided Drafting /Design.”
Basic Drafting A beginning course in the basic language

Role of Engineer, Designer & Drafter is a form of hub of graphics which acquaints the students
of Engineering Process. with basic processes, activities and skill
for advanced work.
Everything revolves around the Engineer and his
team.
Communication method Most important form

Many problems arise due to lack of understanding of Verbal communication, base (sound and
what people say & what people think. words)
4
Graphic communication base (lines and
symbols)
Example of questioning, talking
 Poor communication
 It’s a basic need
 Basic skill of all peoples.
Many people besides these involved with
manufacturing and building need to know
and use the graphic language.
They include service and maintenance
workers, Sales people, consumers etc.
should know the graphic language.
1.3 Uses of Technical Drawing Explain from idea to drawing sketch etc.
 In manufacturing field Every type of drawing used in
 Construction field construction
Testing & Follow Up: - (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill)
Show the picture/drawing & ask about that.
Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)
Collect the leaflet, Brushers, Drawing Pictures & name the use and field.
Tools Material & Aids:-

Transparencies, Models, Charts, Multimedia
Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)
Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan page 15 to 46

Mechanical Drawing by French, svencen page59 to 84
5
LESSON PLAN
TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 01(B)

Application of Technical Drawing Name:
1. Type of Drawing
2. Common drawing forms
3. Application of Technical drawing.

1. Describe free hand & Instrumental drawing. SSC, Concept of drawing,Drawing Forms,
2. Explain Multi view, Pictorial and Schematic communication methods. Uses of
drawing. technical drawing
3. Differentiate and illustrate different forms.
4. Recognize the different application of Technical
Drawing.
Time TOPICS,NOTES (Brief) Key points/Reminders/Sketch

allocated With teacher student activities Teaching Aids/Evaluation
Method of expression (Type of drawing)
I. Free hand Without instruments.

II. Instrumental With instruments
1.4 Forms of Instrumental Drawing
a) Orthographic drawing
b) Pictorial drawing Show charts
c) System /Schematic drawing
 Circuit diagram
 Maps
 Block diagram
 Pictorial diagram
a) Orthographic drawing
Working drawing
1. Detail drawing
2. Assembly drawing
2.1 Sub-Assembly drawing
b) Pictorial drawing  Axonometric

 Oblique
 Perspective
c) System drawing (Not drawn to scale)
Used to show flow of activity, energy or
6
work.
Common drawing forms.

Electrical drawing may be classified into
the following i. Engineering drafting
i. Schematic diagram ii. Tooling
ii. Wiring diagram iii. Industrial design
iii. Block diagram iv. Technical Illustration
iv. Pictorial diagram v. Electrical /Electronic drafting
v. Drawing symbols vi. Architectural drafting
vii. Civil drafting
viii. Topographical drafting
Describe different fields where

drawing is used.
1.4 Application of Technical Drawing
Ask questions from students?
___________________________________________________________
Collect the pictures of different drawing forms and identify these pictures.
____________________________________________________________

Transparencies, chart. OHP, Multimedia, white board and markers etc.
Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan page 15 to 46

Mechanical Drawing by French, svencen page59 to 84
7
LESSON PLAN
TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 02__

Drafting equipments, construction, use and care Name:
1. Care for drafting equipments properly.
2. Identify different drafting equipments by their name.
3. Select the proper drafting equipments for drawing.
4. Develop the ability to use the drafting equipments.

1. Explain the introduction and importance of good SSC, previous topic, Drawing uses and
quality Instruments application of technical drawing
2. Describe the construction, use and care of all
equipments.
3. Know the proper use of instrument Box and its
accessories.
4. Explain use of pencil, their grading, sharpening
techniques and scales

5 Motivation  Showing Actual Instruments
 Briefing about previous Topic
 Asking the questions
1. How to make a sketch?
2. How you can handle the drawing
equipments.
List of Drawing Instruments
1. -Drawing Board/Table/Machine Size , use, quality of manufacturing

2. -Technical Square(30,60,90)(45,45,90) Fixed/Flexible, wooden, celluloid etc.
3. -Set Square(Triangle) Both type of scales large, medium.
4. -Instrument Box
I. Compass, Bow, Beam compass To draw circles, curves,
II. Divider, Small Bow Divider To divide line, transfer distance, measure
the line
III. Lengthening attachment to draw the large circle diameter
IV. Attachments(Needle, Lead) Detachable
V. Ruling Pen For inking
VI. Box for needles and Leads Alternate needles and lead
VII. Screw driver Locking the screws of instruments.
8
01 5- Eraser/Cleaner/Rubber/Machine Soft rubber
01 6- Sharpener (Small, Large) Sharpening machine.
01 7- Protractor (Round, Semi Circle) For making angles
04 8- Pencils(H-9H, B-6B,HB,F) Wooden case, Metal or Plastic case.
04 9- Scale Metric, decimal, Architecture Civil Engg. Scale, Mechanical Engg.Scale.

Shapes(Triangular, R.T, Flat, Opposite bevel,4B)
Size, Metric, Inches, Role, Sheets.
04 10- Drawing paper Quality of Paper
01 11- Drafting tape (Paper, Scotch)
01 12- Dusting Brush.
02 13- Drafting Media (Reproduction) Drawing Paper, Tracing Cloth ,Paper(vellum)
01 14-Lettering device Film (Polyester Plastics)
01 15-Adjustable Curves
01 16-Templates. (variety)
01 17- French curves or irregulars revisions.
How should drafting equipments to be stored.
Asking the name & use of different equipments?
Sketch the drawing instruments with parts name.

Paste the photo of drawing equipments.

Real Drawing equipments, Transparencies, Charts, Multimedia.

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan Page 15-43
Mechanical Drawing by French, Sevensen Page 59-84
9
LESSON PLAN
TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 03_

Types of Lines Name:
1. Importance of Lines, and Basic lines.
2. Common types of lines.
3. Uses and correct line weight age.

1. Identify the point line & Basic lines SSC, Previous topics, Drawing
2. State the line characteristics classification, sketching and ideas.
3. Describe uses of each line with correct
weight and pencil grade.
4. Describe the objectives in drafting.

5 Motivation & Introduction  Communication methods.
Point.  Examples of drawing & sketching.

 Lines convey the idea & thought.
 International Conveying method.
Lines (Graphic representation) Straight & curved lines.
3.1 Types of Basic/Straight lines. - Horizontal, vertical, inclined
3.2 Importance of Lines - Parallel & converging lines.
25
3.3 Types of lines. Show the transparencies & Drawings on
1. Border line Multimedia.
2. Construction line
3. Object line. 3.4 Proper weight age.
4. Hidden line
5. Dimension &Extension line 3.5 Grading of pencil
6. Centre line
7. Cutting plane line 3.6 Application of lines.
8. Section lines.
9. Break line
a. Short Break line
b. Long Break line.
10
10- Ditto line Used to show alternative position of the part
11-Leader  To lead the part identification
10 12-Arrow Head  Showing a complete drawing

Application With application of lines. proper weight
and grade of pencil
10 3.7 Objective in Drafting Make it habit.

 Accuracy
Slow drafters are not accepted
 Speed
Very much necessary.
 Legibility
Good quality required.
 Neatness
Ask questions about types of lines, their proper use in Engineering Drawing.
Objective in drafting also.
Give them an assignment to identify the drawing lines from the given drawing.
________________________________________________________________

Charts, Drawing, Multimedia, Projector
Few drawing in which application of drawing shows.
1. Engineering drawing by Colin Simmons, Dennis Maguire Page (36-38)

2. Technical drawing by Frederick E-Giesecke, Alva, Henry, Ivan Page (21,22,23)
11
LESSON PLAN
TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 04

Lettering __ Name:
1. Importance of good lettering
2. Requirements and General Proportions of Lettering
3. Classification and Styles of Letting

1. Describe and identify the composition of letter Previous topics, Lines and Drawing
2. Describe the guide lines, strokes and types of lettering. concept and lettering importance
3. State the lettering styles and holding the pencil techniques.
4. Describe and use of different lettering devices.
5. Describe the principles of a good lettering.
05 Lettering Introduction + Motivations. i) Pen friendship.
ii) Drawing without text.(Lettering &
dimensions)
05 -Instrumental lettering – Takes time, be avoid. iii) Fully description with lettering.
- Free hand lettering – careful and continuous
practice.
10 4.1 Importance of good lettering Looks beautiful, Legible.
Principles of good Lettering  Shapes, Size, Slope, Spacing

 Style, weight.
05 4.2 General Proportions of Lettering In normal or compressed, Extended(Light
face, Bold face) vary thickness of stems or
stroke
10 4.3 Composition of letters and numerals. i) Best spacing between letters and
words
ii) Size and stroke of a letter.
05 4.4 Guide lines. Light /thin lines to maintain the height of

letter.
20 Gothic lettering – Commercial Gothic.

4.5 Classification of Lettering styles.
4.5.1 Stroke Roman lettering- old + Modern Roman.
i) Single stroke Italic lettering
ii) Double stroke Text letters – free hand lettering.
12
Further Divided into
 Light Face Lettering
 Bold Face Lettering
 Upper Case Lettering
 Lower Case Lettering
05  Elements of Letters Composed two Simple elements
i) Stem (Straight line, H,V, Inclined
made
with single downward)
ii) Oval (made with one or two stroke
of pencil)
 Perfect Ellipse with a well determined
ratio between its major & miner axis
i) Vertical 90o
05
4.6 Style of Letter ii) Inclined 67o ½
Six fundamental rules
05
i) Pencils for Lettering and holding techniques  Same shape, one composition.
ii) General Rules for Lettering  All Letters should have same size.
05  All Letters should have same slope.
 Shape
 Size  b/w letters should compact and
 Slope uniform b/w words
 Spacing  Upper and lower case should not mix
 Style  Weight of stroke should be same
 Weight through the composition.
05 4.7 Lettering devices such as guide and

lettering instruments
Asking the question, Give the test Quiz attach here with.
Select & collect different letters & identify the names of lettering.

Lettering templates, Leroy set charts of lettering styles.
Multimedia which screen/ board, transparencies.

1. Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy 84-99
2. Mechanical Drawing by French 27-33
3. Technical drawing by Frederick
13
LESSON PLAN

Drafting Geometry ______ Name:
1. Introduction to Geometry, Plane and solid Types
2. Define the terms and different conventional shapes, surfaces.
3. Basic Geometrical Construction

1. Define the concept of common terms SSC, Previous topic, Lines Instruments and
used in Geometric Construction. geometrical shapes.
2. Explain different geometrical shapes,
surfaces of objects.
3. Bisecting a line ,angles
4. Describe different Geometrical
Construction

-Motivation Asking the Question about
5.1 Introduction to Geometry Star, figures. Square etc
Used in ancient times for measuring land and Always been important to people.
making right angle corners for buildings and others
kind of constructions.  . Example of Egyptian rope stretchers
Geometry =Study of the sized and shape of things

The relationship of straight and curved lines
 Plane shape in drawing shapes is also a part of geometry.
 Solid shape.
 Geometric figures used in drafting. Circle, Square, Triangle, Hexagon etc.
Geometric construction Drawing made of individual lines and points

Used by Drafters, Surveyors, Engineers, drawn in proper relationship to one another
Architectures, Scientists, Mathematicians and are known as geometric construction.
Designers.
 Common terms used in Geometric Point, line, parallel, perpendicular,

Construction converging, curve, plane figure. solids, Right,
oblique (inclined)
Two dimensional and three dimensional.
Triangle, Quadrilateral, Polygons, Circle show
figures.
5.2 Different Geometrical shapes, Surfaces of
object
(Use transparency.)
14
5.3 Bisecting a Line and Angle.
5.4 Basic Geometrical constructions.
i) Angle  Opening space between two lines which

ends meet
ii) Triangle  End point of three lines if join together.
 End points of 4 lines.

iii) Quadrilateral
 End points of 5 or more than 5 meet.
iv) Polygons
 A curved line which has equal distance from a fixed
v) Circle point called circle.
Discuss parts of a circle ( Show chart )
Centre, Radius, Diameter, Chord, Arc

Semi circle, Quadrant, Circumference,
Sector, Segment.
Asking the questions about Geometry & its shapes.
Make a free hand sketch of each Geometric figures and also paste
the geometrical solids._______________________________

Plane figures, Models of solids, Multimedia OHP White Board,
Marker 4 color.___________________________________

1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy, Schewendauu page 57 - 82
2. Mechanical Drawing by French Svensen page 101 - 119
3. Technical drawing by Frederick, Alva, Henry, Ivan page 89 – 100
15
LESSON PLAN

Drafting Geometry Name:
1. Define the different Geometrical Shapes
2. Describe Angle and its types.
3. Describe Triangle, Quadrilateral, Polygons & circle elements.

1. Identify the different geometrical figures SSC, Previous topic, Lines Instruments and
2. Explain Angle, Triangle, Quadrilateral geometrical shape
3. Explain Polygons & their Types
4. Explain circle element & describe the
procedure of drawing of Fig.

Geometric Construction
Angle:
Types of Angles:
Triangle:
Types of Triangles:
Quadrilateral: Show charts

Types of Quadrilateral:
16
Polygons:
Kinds of Polygons: 1. Pentagon
2. Hexagon
3. Heptagon
4. Octagon show charts
5. Nonagon
6. Decagon
Circle Elements (Terminology):  Center

 Circumference
 Radius
 Diameter
 Sector
 Quadrant
 Segment
 Arc
 Cord
 Semi circle
Asking the Question? Give them a test(Attached)
Draw the rough sketch of different Geometric figures.

Plane figures, Models of solids, Multimedia OHP White Board, Marker 4
color._____________________________________________

1. Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy
2. Mechanical Drawing by French
3. Technical drawing by Frederick
17
LESSON PLAN

Sketching and Shape Description _ Name:
1. Explain the importance of Free hand sketching
and layout of a free hand sketch in correct manner.
2. Introduction to Sketching Techniques.
3. Sketching techniques of straight lines in different directions.
4. Sketching Circles, Arcs, Ellipse, Pictorial & Multi views.
1. Describe sketching material and techniques. Drawing concept, Instruments and idea of free
2. Describe circular arc using circular line method hand sketching.
and Square method
3. Describe an Ellipse using rectangular method
4. Describe Sketching Pictorial views and
Proportions in view sketching
Time TOPICS,NOTES (Brief) Key points/Reminders/Sketch Teaching

allocated With teacher student activities Aids/Evaluation
Motivation + Introduction Ask Questions.
6.1 Introduction 1- Simplest form of drawing.
 Designers, Drafters. Technicians, 2- Quickest ways to express ideas.
Engineers & Architects often explain.
 Complicated or unclear thoughts with Language of sketching has four basic visual
a free hand sketch. symbols (things that can be seen)
 Ideas imagined in the mind can be
caught in sketch and thus hold in  These are a point, a line, a plane and a
simple lines for further study. texture(surface quality)
Importance/Reasons for sketching

1. To persuade people that an idea is a good.
Most important points for sketching 2. To develop a refined sketch of a proposed
26/2 solution to a problem.
3. To clarify a complicated detail.
4. To give design ideas to drafters.
5. To develop a series of ideas for refining a
new Product.
6. To develop and analyze the best method.
7. Need to repair a part that breaks over.
8. To show many ways to solve the problem.
9. 9. To spend less time in drawing quicker to
make a sketch
18
Sketching materials.  Pencil, paper, eraser ( For ready use)
Pencil Points Page 130/3  Sharpen it to a conical point use for

Use HB, F, Pencil centre, dimension & Extension line.
 Round of the point slightly to produce
1. Sharp and Black the desired thickness of line for visible,
2. Medium and Black hidden and C.P line.
3. Slightly dull and Black.
4. Very dull and light.  Use of thin lead mechanical pencil with
suitable diameter and grade of lead
Types of Sketches 33,34/2 minimizes the need for sharpening and
 Rough Sketch point dressing.
 Refined Sketch
 Temporary Sketch  Make all line dark.
 Permanent Sketch
6.2 Sketching techniques of H.V. and  Very light with light pressure
inclined lines.
 Circular line method
6.3 circle and Arcs ( 42/2, 110/1, 131/3)
6.4 Ellipse (111/1, 133/3)
6.5 Pictorial views.
Enlargement and reduction.
6.6 Proportions in Sketching of views. (113/1) (43/2, 112/1)
Ask questions about sketching reason material & techniques.
___________________________________________________________
Give assignment of a sketching of pictorial & multi view circular object_

Charts, Multimedia, White board and markers, Sketching Material
___________________________________________________________
1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy page 109 -113

2. Mechanical Drawing by French page 26,33,34,42,43
3. Technical drawing by Frederick page 130 -133
19
LESSON PLAN

Engineering Curves___ Name:
1. Introduction to the Curves
2. Application of Engineering Curves
3. Conic Sections, Spiral, Involutes & cycloid
4. Know how G fig. produced by section of a cone

1. Describe the different Engineering Curves SSC, Previous Topic, Lines, Curves,
and their application. Geometric shapes
2. Define Cone and Conic Sections.
3. Define Archimedean, Spiral and involutes.
4. Describe the Cycloidial curves.
Motivation Motion of Train, Car, (Peing )etc

Uses:
7.1 Introduction of a curve. In constructions of Arches, Reflectors of light
and sound, space antenna & other
engineering works.
7.2 Different Engineering Curves & their Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, Spiral &
application. involutes, Helix, Cycloidial curves.
How can obtained these curves

7.3 Cone and Conic Sections. 1- Cut the cone parallel to the base.
1. Circle 2- Cut the cone with greater angle to the
2. Ellipse axis.
3. Parabola 3- Cut the cone parallel to its element.
4. Hyperbola 4- Cut the cone parallel to its axis.
Spiral: - It is a locus of a point which moves

continuously along a line rotates about its
one end.
Involutes: - The unwind curve generated by

a point which rolls on a circumference of a
circle on the straight line is called Involutes.
20
7.4 Archimedean Spiral 117/3 Use Toys, Clocks, Cams
7.4.1 Involutes of a
Square, Triangle, Hexagon, Circle. 118/3
7.5 Cycloidial Curves. 119/3, 120/3

Cycloid, the curve traced out by a point on
 Cycloid the circumference of a circle which rolls along
 Epicycloids a straight line.
 Hypocycloid.
Epicycloids, the curve traced out by a point
on the circumference of a circle which rolls
along another circle outside it.
Hypocycloid, when a circle rolls along

another circle inside it, the curve is called
hypocycloid.
Helix: - The curve traced out by a point, which
moves around and along the circumference of a  Around the cylinder (R.H and L.H)
cylinder with uniform velocity.  Around the cone (R.H and L.H)
Ask the questions.
Drawing of Engineering Curves.

Multimedia, charts, White board and markers, Toys , spring
Technical Drawing by Frederick page 109 -120, 3A page 64 -69
21
LESSON PLAN

Introduction to Multi view drawing __ Name:
1. Introduction to the plane and its types.
2. Dihedral and Trihedral angles.
3. Theory of Projections.

1. Describe the plane & its type. SSC, Drawing Concept Its Importance and
2. Define Dihedral and Trihedral angles. views concepts.
3. Explain theory of Projection, Projection of
points lines
4. Explain projection of plane and solids.

05 Motivation & Introduction.
10 8.1 Introduction of Plane A surface which has length and width only.
Types of Plane  Horizontal: Parallel to the ground.

 Vertical: Perpendicular to the H.P.
 Profile: Perpendicular to H.P. & V.P.
 Auxiliary/Inclined: Which is at any angle
of except 90 & 180
15
8.2 Dihedral angle  Two planes intersect each other at right
angle (H.P. & V.P.)
Trihedral angle  Three planes intersect each other at right

angle (H.P. & V.P.)
22
10 8.3 Projection:  Any kind of representation of an object
on a paper, screen or similar surface by
Projection of a point 167/3 drawing or by photography is called the
projection of that object.
Projection of a line 167/3  If different straight lines are drawn from

the various points on the contour of an
10 Projection of a plane. object to meet a plane the figure, thus,
formed by joining these points in correct
Projection of Solids sequence is called the projection of that
object.
Cube, Prism, Cylinder, Cone, Pyramid,

Simple objects etc Simple block in a Quadrant show figure
 Example of film movie
Question on line & plane figure to determine the projections on
Principal planes.

Charts, Model of Glass, Multimedia, OHP, Transparencies’ white board
And markers, wooden models

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy Page (155-162) _____
Mechanical Drawing by French Page (130-146) _____
Technical Drawing By Frederick page 155 _____
Machine Drawing by R. K Dhawan page 2.1 – 2.16 _____
23
LESSON PLAN

Introduction to Multi-view Projection____ Name:
1. Multi view drawing concept.
2. Know & develop ability to understand the Basic Principle of orthographic Projection.
3. Identify and select the various views of an object.
4. Determine the number of various methods to describe the shape and size of an object.

1. Define the concept of Multi view Drawing SSC, Drawing Concept its Importance and
2. Know the plane of Projections views concepts.
3. Understand the relationship of views.
4. Describe the orthographic method of
projections.

An engineer who designs machines or products
8.4 Concept of Multi view Projection. must describe them completely and clearly so
155/1, 130/2 that other people can make them.
Engineer/Architect makes a mental image of
The Prefix “multi” means that a member of views object and then sketches its shape & size.
is required to completely describe the object.
A Plane is an imaginary flat surface that has no
8.5 Planes of Projection 133/2 thickness. Orthographic projection involves the
use of three planes Vertical plane, H.P, P.P.
V.P. and H.P. divided space into 4 quadrants.
8.6 Orthographic methods of Projections. “Ortho” mean straight or at right angle.

“Graphic” mean written or drawn.
Method of representing the exact form of an It is Latin words.
object in two or more views on planes usually at
right angles to each other by lines drawn Pro-meaning “forward” and ejection meaning
perpendicular from the object to the planes. “to throw”.
Orthographic Projection literally mean thrown
forward drawn at right angle.
24
10 Relationship of views. 132/2 Views must be placed in proper relationship to

When the normal views are placed in proper one another. Only in this way we can read
relationship to one another the result is a Multi technical drawing properly. How these normal
view drawing. views have been revolved (turned) into the
proper planes.
10 Principal views.
Glass method.
Six principal views.
Front, top, bottom, right side, left side,
And back or rear views.
Views Selection. Sometimes they are called normal views.
Must select the number of views needed to

describe the object completely
_Questions ______________________________
Practice of making views from the given objects._______________

Glass box, Charts, Models, Multimedia, white board, markers

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy Page (155-162)
Mechanical Drawing by French Page (130-146)
Technical Drawing by Frederick page 155
25
LESSON PLAN
TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 8(C)

Introduction to Multi-view Projection__ Name:
1. Identify and select the various views of an object.
2. Compare the 1st and 3rd angle projection system.
3. Describe the arrangements of principal views.
st
1. Describe the difference between 1 . and same as previous
3rd. angle projection system.
2. Visualize “the glass box” concept and its
application.
3. Describe the principal views and its
arrangement.
4. Develop a multi view drawing following
the prescribed step by step process from
the initial idea to a finished drawing.

Introduction
Concept of quadrant. 1st. 2nd, 3rd, 4th & its revolution.
8.7 Concept of Projection.(1st. & 3rd. Angle) 1. Object to be projected

2. Plane of projection
3. Projections
4. Observer eyes or S.P.
Object placed in 1st Angle.
See 2.11/6
Object placed in 3rd angle.
 Comparison between 1st & 3rd angle

projection Systems. Show transparencies
26
Symbols of 1st & 3rd angle projection system. 1st angle

28/6
3rd angle
8.8 Arrangements of Principal views.

2.14/6
 Proper selection of views is most important
Selection of views. 2.12/6 in Orthographic.
 One view
 Two view  Should select the least number of views for
 Three view etc. clear & complete description of an object.
 Unnecessary or poor chosen views should be

avoided.
+ most important
Spacing of views 2.13/6 -If only one view, it should be in centre.
More than one view space should be divided

st rd
Placement of views in 1 and 3 angle projection into suitable rectangles.
system. -
Ask Question about the 1st. and 3rd. angle projection system
Make free hand sketches of Model placed in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th quadrant.

Model, Charts, Glass box, Multimedia, white Board, markers, OHP,
transparencies

__________________________________________________________
Machine Drawing by R.K. sDhawan pages indicated
27
LESSON PLAN
TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 8(D)

Introduction to Multi-view Projection _ Name:
1. Make a multi view drawing.
2. Use different lines in making multi view drawing.
3. Understand the uses of Multi view drawing.

1. Select views that will best show the Projection Theory
object you are drawing.
2. Project information from one view to
an adjacent view
3. Understand the relationship of views.
4. Practice of Multi view projection and
missing lines.

Motivation + Introduction.
 Engineer & Architect makes a mental image
of object.
8.9 Multi view drawing or Multi view projection.  Then sketches or draws several views to
Multi means a number of views required to accurately describe its shape & size.
completely describe the object “Projection”
comes from the word project which mean “to  Preliminary drawings to make final drawings
throw forward”. for use in manufacturing & construction.
The older, more technical name for the method is  To understand multi view drawing, consider
orthographic projection. Ortho mean at right an object beyond a piece of glass. You look
angle and projection mean drawn. at the object through the glass and view one
155/1 side at a time
You keep your line of sight perpendicular to the

glass.
28
 Each of these lines of sight passes through
the glass at a point.
 Usually start from front view

o (most important detail in it)
 Then move at right angle (side view)

o Top
Complicated object.  Show more than three views may be 4 or
Glass Box method. 157/1 five.
Principal views. 158/1  Six principal views.

 Front, Top, Bottom, Right Side., Left Side and
back
Also called normal views.
Views selection. 159/1

To describe completely the object we draw 3
views.
Select those views that show the object as
Missing lines. completely as possible.
 Draw some view with messing line &

complete it with the help of isometric view
Ask Question___________________________________

Make a glass model and place wooden model and then draw the views.

White board, Markers, Charts, OHP, Transparencies, Models, etc.
Drafting Fundamentals by Scott. Foy page ( 155 – 159 )
29
LESSON PLAN

Introduction to Pictorial Drawing _ Name:
1. Uses of Pictorial Drawing.
2. State the Types of Pictorial Drawing
1. Describe the importance of Pictorial SSC, Concept of Drawing,2-D, 3-D,
Drawing Sketching and shape Description
2. Describe the three types of Pictorial
Drawing
3. Explain Axonometric and oblique Drawing
4. Explain the Perspective Drawing

Pictorial Drawing:- 3 Dimensional Drawing in which everyone can

understand the object easily.
9.1 Importance /Uses  Quick Communication.

 Easiness in assembling.
 Unskilled worker understand also.
 Help the untrained people to read multi-
view drawing understand basic shapes.
 Help the craftsman to quick understanding.
 It also enables the designer to visualize the
successive stages of the design and to
develop it in a satisfactory manner.
9.2 Types of Pictorial Drawing:- Inclined position of the object with respect to
1. Axonometric Projection plane of projection.
2. Oblique Projection Since the principle edges and surfaces of the
3. Perspective Projection object are inclined to the plane of projection.
30
Types of Axonometric Projection:- 1-Isometric (Commonly used) 3 axis equal

2-Di-metric (2 axis equal) (Not Commonly
 Ordinary Scale 450 used)
 Isometric scale 300 (Projection) 3-Trimetric (3 axis Different) (Not Commonly
 Isometric Circle used)
 Isometric lettering
 Non-Isometric Lines
Types of Oblique Projection Depth of an object is drawn at any angle 30, 45,
(Easiest Pictorial Drawing) 60.
Every object has three dimensions Width,
1. Cavalier Projection(Full scale) Height, Depth called axis.
2. Cabinet Projection(Half scale) Two axes are at right angle to each other.
3rd drawn at an angle.
Types of Perspective Projection It more closely approximates the view obtained

by the human eye,
1. One point (Parallel) Geometrically an ordinary photograph is a
2. Two point (Angular) perspective .it is major important to the
Architect, Industrial Designer, illustrators etc.
Ask Question showing Pictures/Drawing____________________

Collect the figures. Drawing as per today lecture

Multimedia, OHP. Charts, models, Transparencies, Whit Board, Markers
Drafting Fundamental by Scott Foy 127-143

Mechanical Drawing by French page 47-50
Technical Drawing by Frederick page 510 -572
31
LESSON PLAN

Introduction to Pictorial Drawing Name:
1) Isometric Sketching of Rectangular Block, Arcs, Circles
2) Oblique Sketching of Rectangular Blocks
3) Make an Isometric and Oblique drawings

1) Describe and make an isometric view Orthographic and Pictorial projection
2) Describe Isometric and non- Isometric lines
3) Explain Oblique drawing and its types
4) Determine what types of object are best by
Isometric or Oblique

05 9.3 Introduction to Pictorial Drawing:- Ask Questions about Types
10 Isometric view:-
 Three faces of an object shows clearly in Position of Isometric axis.
one view called isometric drawing. 344/2  Axis intersects at an angle of 1200.
 Three views are in planes located on three axes.
10 Isometric Scale : 80%  The surface that seems to be most important
 Isometric Lines/Surface 346/2, 512/3 will -determine the choice for the position of
 Non- Isometric Lines/Surface the axis.
 Isometric Circles and Curves: 347-354/2 Fig.

347,348/2
 How to create an isometric drawing.250/2
 Dimensioning Techniques
32
9.4 Oblique Projection & Oblique Drawing  Two axis are parallel to the Picture plane and
356/2 makes right angle with each other.
Types of Oblique Drawing:-  Best way to draw an object is usually at the

1. Cavalier Oblique (Normal Oblique ) angle from which it would normally be viewed.
2. Cabinet Oblique(Receding line 1/2)
548/3
 Used in furniture industry Show Transparencies

First draw circle in a box
Oblique Circle/Curves 142/1 , 359/2
Graphical method
 Irregular objects in Oblique Drawing

141/1
Ask Question by showing Isometric, Oblique Drawing

Make sketches of each drawing___________________

Transparencies and same as previous_________________
1. Drafting Fundamentals by Scott Foy page 136-143

2. Mechanical Drawing by French page 356-360
3. Technical Drawing by Frederick Page 511-524,545-53
33
LESSON PLAN
TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 9(C)

Introduction to Pictorial drawing __ Name:
1. Define the meaning of Pictorial drawing
2. Described the perspective view.
3. Explain the uses of perspective drawing.
1. Describe the procedure of making Isometric and Oblique Drawing
perspective drawing. and its importance
2. Explain the types of perspective drawing
3. Explain the terms used in Perspective
drawing.
4. Distinguish between one point & two
points perspective

5 Introduction.  Three dimensional representation of an
object as it looks to the eye from a particular
point.
15 9.5 Perspective Projection.
1. Actually appear to the eye.  All the pictorial, perspective drawing look
2. Gives the best pictorial efforts. the most like Photographs.
3. Vertical lines remain vertical.  The distinctive feature of Perspective
4. Two set of H.L. each converge towards a drawing is that in perspective, lines on the
point called Vanishing point. receding planes that are actually parallel are
5. Two Vanishing point lines on a Horizon line at not drawn parallel as are isometric & oblique
the level of eye. drawing.
10
Terms used in perspective drawing. 1. Visual rays. 361/2
2. Picture plane.
3. Station point.
4. Horizon line.
5. Ground line
6. Vanishing points.
34
20 Types of Perspective drawing. One Point Perspective.
9.5- One point or Parallel Perspective. 362/2,  If the subject is turned so that one face is
562/3 parallel to the Front Plane, the horizontal
Lines on that face or parallel to it remains
9.6- Two point or Angular Perspective. horizontal & have no vanishing point.
Two Point Perspective.
 When the subject is turned at an angle, the

( Show charts and Transparencies ) drawing is to be angular or two point
perspective.
Asking the Question about large buildings, Plaza, Hospital.______

Free hand sketching of both

Chart model, Transparencies. White board

1. Mechanical Drawing by French page (362-367)
2. Technical Drawing by Frederick page (562-571)
35
LESSON PLAN
TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 9(D)

Introduction to Pictorial drawing_ Name:
1. Preparation of Pictorial drawing of simple object
Isometric, Oblique and Perspective
1. Describe/define various types of pictorial Multi view projection and Pictorial
drawing projection
2. Select and draw the most practical type of
pictorial for a specific purpose.
3. Construct irregular curves in pictorial
views.

9.7 Preparation of pictorial drawings of

simple objects  Draw orthographic projection.
 Give the dimensions a, b, c, d etc.

Isometric view.
 Make an isometric box as per dimension.
Box method.
 Transfer the distances from Orthographic
drawing to isometric box.
 Project the axis till the meeting point.
 Be sure that every meeting point has

complete axis of 1200 each direction.
 Rub the extra line and highlight the actual

object.
36
Oblique Sketching.  Make simple objects of oblique drawing

from the orthographic drawing at least 5.
Perspective Sketching.
Simple object with appropriate height.
Asking the question about pictorial types __________
Sketch of each type of pictorial __________________

Chart, model, Transparencies. White board, markers__________

Mechanical Drawing by French Page (362-367) ______
Technical Drawing by Frederick Page (562-571) ______
37
LESSON PLAN

Basic Dimensioning ____ Name:
1. Define and explain what “dimensioning” means.
2. Differentiate between size and Location dimension.
3. Place dimension properly on drawings.
1. Definition of “dimensioning”. SSC, Multi view Drawing, Concept of views
2. Identify the dimensioning types. placement, Size description
3. Enlist the elements of dimensioning.
4. Identify the system of measurements.

Introduction.  Dimensioning gives information to the
cabinet maker, Carpenter, Machinist or
10 10.1 Dimensioning. other people.
To give the size (L.W.H.) of an object is called  Multi view drawing shows geometric shapes
dimensioning (Shape & size description) of the product & their relationships.
 However drawing must also show the exact

10 10.2 Types of Dimensioning. 168-171/2 size & relationship of those geometric
shapes in a precise & acceptable manner.
1. Size dimension.
2. Location dimension.
It may be  Show the size of the object.
I. From centre to centre  Show the location of any part in the object.
II. Centre to surface Used to show the relative positions of the
III. Surface to centre. basic shapes. Also used to locate holes,
IV. Surface to surface. surfaces and other feathers.
38
10
10.3 Elements of Dimensioning. 192/1
 Dimension line
 Extension line.
 Arrow heads.
 Leader
 Numerals & notes.
 Finish mark.
 Scale.
20
10.4 System of measurements to Dimension is:-
Dimensioning. 1. Perpendicular to the dimension line. Read
1. Aligned System from the bottom/Right hand.
2. Unidirectional system. 2. Read only from the bottom of the sheet
3. Staggered dimensions same positioned.
4. Group dimensions. 3. Several dimension lines stagger the number.
5. Base line/datum line dimensioning. 4. Group of dimensions pertains to one
6. Dual dimension. direction H, W or depth, on the same line.
5. One line assumes as a base/datum & all
dimensions placed such that small is first
then next big and so on.
6. Both size, decimal inch & mm. However
some industries use metric system also.
Give them task of Multi view drawing & ask the dimension placement.

Place the all type of dimensions.______________ _________

Multi view drawing of different parts. Charts, OHP _____________

Book 1: Page (190-201)
Book 2: Page (161-173) Book 3 page 309-332
39
LESSON PLAN

Basic Dimensioning ____ Name:
1. Dimensioning of multi view drawing.
2. Dimensioning of Pictorial drawing.
3. Dimensioning rules and practices.
1. Explain and show how to place dimensions Dimensioning Types and system
correctly on drawing.
2. Explain how to dimension multi view drawing.
3. Explain how to dimension Pictorial views drawing.
4. Explain rules and practice and notes/speciation
15 10.5 Dimensioning of Multi views drawing. Dimensioning of :-

1. Angle and chamfer
 Show the Transparencies of each dimensioning 2. Tapers
techniques. 3. Curves/Arcs/Contours
4. Geometric forms of a part.
5. Cylindrical parts.
6. Holes/circles/diameter/Radius
7. Tolerances
8. Use of finish marks.
9. Locating holes.
10. Mating Parts.
11. Shapes with rounded ends.
12. Fillets and Rounds.
40
10 10.6 Dimensioning Pictorial views. Show picture with dimensions.

1. D.L. should be spaced from view outline.
2. If use Aligned system, can be read properly.
3. On machine drawing dimension should be
15 10.7 Dimensioning Rules. given in decimals, inches or mm.
See 173-175/2, 4. When all dimensions are in inches or mm the
340-342/3, symbol is generally omitted & adds a note,
192-193/1 “All dimensions are in mm/inches.
5. Don’t repeat the same dimension.
10 10.8 Notes & Specifications. 6. Do not give dimension that are not needed.
7. Place overall dimensions out side the smaller
No hard & fast rules. dimensions.
8. Avoid placing dimensions in a shaded area.
9. Don’t use a centre line of a view as a
dimension line.
10. Avoid crossing a dimension line with another
line.
11. Give the diameter of a circle, not the radius.
12. Use the abbreviation R/Ø before the
dimension.
13. Avoid dimensioning to hidden lines if
possible.
14. Extension line should not cross the other
extension lines.
Ask question for dimensioning

Practice of dimensioning ___________ _____________

Multi view drawing of different parts ___________________

Book 1: Drafting Fundamentals by Scott Foy Page (202-222)
Book 2: Mechanical Drawing by French Page (162-187)
Book 3: Technical Drawing by Frederick page (312-341)
41
LESSON PLAN

Introduction to the Development __ Name:
1. Define the surface development
2. Explain the role of Development in Packaging and
sheet metal Industry
3. Methods to draw the Development
1. Define surface Development Concept of solids and Geometric curves
2. Explain the role of Development in
Packaging & sheet metal Industry
3. Describe the Methods to draw the
Development
4. Distinguish Parallel line, Radial line,
Triangulation Method

11.1 Surface Development :- Full size layout of an object made on a single

It is also called stretch outs or development flat plane called surface Development.
11.2 Role/Uses.
 Important Part of Industrial drafting.
 Pipes ,ducts, part of buildings, air
crafts ,automobiles, storage tanks, cabinets, Surface:-
Boxes , cartons Frozen Food Packages and A surface is a geometric magnitude having two
countless other items are designed using dimensions.(L,W).
surface development.  It may be generated by a line called
generatix of the surfaces.
 Any position of the generatix is an element
of the surface.
11.3 Methods to draw the Development:-
i. Parallel line (Rectangular method)
ii. Radial line (Triangular method )
iii. Triangulation method
11.3.1)Parallel line development :- Parallel line development is simple way of

making a pattern by drawing the edges of an
Example: cylinder, prism. object as parallel lines.
Example: Cylinder, Prism.
11.3.2)Radial line development :- In the patterns for prisms & cylinders, the
stretch out line is straight and the measuring
42
Example :Cone , Pyramid lines (vertical construction lines) are
perpendicular to it and parallel to each other.
On cones & pyramids however the edges are
not parallel.
Example: Cone .Pyramids.
11.3.3)Triangulation:-
(Diving a surface into a number of Triangles and Triangulation is a method used for making
transferring them to the development) approximate developments of surfaces that
can’t be developed exactly.
Example: Oblique Pyramid and Oblique cone. It involves dividing the surface into triangles.
Ask questions about Development & Packing industry_____

Make the development & models of different solids________

__________________________________________________

Technical drawing by Frederick page 585-596
43
LESSON PLAN

Introduction to the Development __ Name:
1. Define the surface development
2. Explain the role of Development in Packaging
and sheet metal Industry
3. Methods to draw the Development
1. Define surface Development Concept of Geometric curves and solids
2. Explain the role of Development in
Packaging and sheet metal Industry.
3. Describe the Methods to draw the
Development.
4. Distinguish Parallel line Radial line
Triangulation Method.

11.4 Geometrical solids Solids bounded by plane surfaces are G .S
 Three dimensional geometrical figures are Cone, is generated by a straight line called the
called solids. generatix, moving in contact with a curved line
1. Cone and passing through a fix point, the vertex of
2. Cylinder the cone. Each position of the generatix is an
3. Prism element of the cone.
4. Pyramid
Cylinder is generated by a straight line, called
generatix, moving in contact with a curved line
and always remaining parallel to its previous
position or to the axis. Each position of the
generatix is called an element of the cylinder.
Prism, Solids made by principal line-having top

and base in same shape and size called prism.
OR
Solids bounded by plane surfaces called Prism.
Pyramid, is a polygon for a base and triangular

lateral faces intersecting at a common point
called vertex.
If the axis is perpendicular to the base it is called
right pyramid otherwise it is an oblique
pyramid.
44
Ask questions about Development & Packing industry __________

Make the development & models of different solids ____________

__________________________________________________

Technical drawing by Frederick page 585-596
45
Basic Engineering Drawing & CAD-I
MT-163
OPERATION SHEETS
Table of Contents
Single Stroke Capital vertical lettering on Graph Sheet 1
Single Stroke Capital inclined lettering on Graph Sheet 4
Practice of single stroke capital vertical & inclined lettering 7
Double Stroke Lettering 9
Use of Tee Square & Set Square for drawing of Horizontal, Vertical & Inclined lines 11
Use of Compass, circles, half circles, Radii 13
Use Tee Square for drawing centers, crossing of lines 15
Draw round corners, figure inside and outside circle 17
Construction of Angles and Triangles 20
Construction of Quadrilaterals and circle elements 22
Construction of Parallel lines, Perpendicular, Bisect line, Angles and equal division of line 26
Construction of Inscribed & circumscribed figures. Square, Triangle and Hexagon 29
Construction of Pentagon by different methods 31
Construction of Hexagon, Octagon, by general and different methods 35
Construction of Tangents of circles (Inside & outside) 38
Construction of Ellipse by four different methods 41
Construction of Parabola curve by four different methods 44
Construction of Hyperbola Curve 47
Construction of Archimedean Spiral Curve 50
Construction of Involutes Curve of Square/rectangle, hexagon and circle 52
Construction of Cycloid, epicycloids and hypocycloid 55
Different types of drawing lines 57
Orthographic Projection, 1st. angle wooden block-1 63
Orthographic Projection, 3rd angle, wooden block-1 65
Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.2 A, B 67
Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.3 A, B 69
Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.4 A,B 71
Orthographic Project, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.5 A,B 73
Orthographic Projection and Isometric drawing-1 75
Orthographic Projection & Isometric Drawing – II 79
Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing – I 82
Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing – II 85
Construction of One Point Perspective 87
Construction of Two Point Perspective 89
Construction of Multi view drawing of “Gland for stuffing box.” 91
Construction of Multi view drawing of simple bearing 93
Missing Lines and Portion on given views – 1 95
Missing Lines and Portion on given views – II 97
Development of Prism – I 99
Development of Hexagonal Prism – II 101
Development of Cylinder 103
Development of Cone 105
Development of Pyramid – 1 & 2 107
OPERATION SHEET NO. 1
Operation: Single Stroke Capital vertical lettering on Graph Sheet. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Subject: - MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1 Technology Mechanical
Time 150 min___
Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to Date: _________
1) Draw the border line and title strip.
2) Construct the letters and numerals in correct shape and size using graph and drawing sheet.
3) Develop skill to letter in proper sequence of strokes.
4) Construct the letters and numerals in single stroke.
5) Draw guide lines and maintain spacing between letters and numerals.
Introduction: - The representation of informational data such as titles, dimensions, notes, surface finish etc. on a
drawing is known as “lettering”. Lettering should therefore, be done clear, legible, uniform & properly spaced.
Vertical single stroke lettering is to be drawn at 90 degree without lifting the pencil. The letter may be constructed
with the ratio of height and width of 5:4, 5:5. 6:4, 6:5, 6:6. Etc
Materials:: Graph sheet ,quarter imperial size (15” x 10” or 375mm x 250mm) of light color print, pencil H, eraser
and drawing tape.
Equipment, Drafting table/drawing board, Tee-square. Set- square, and pencil, sharpener.
Steps/Procedure/method Key points
PROCEDURE:
1. Fix the graph paper with tape on the drawing table

keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the board.
2. Draw borderline with H pencil. Leave ten squares on
left and five squares on the other sides.
3. Make a line for title strip at the lower base with
borderline leaving eight squares.
4. Leave a gape of size squares four sides with the
borderlines.
5. Construct alphabet letters and numerals in single
stroke vertical gothic style in the height of six
squares and width of four squares or as instructed by
teacher.
6. Make a title at the lower base with the eight of two
squares and a gape of one square.
7. Similarly draw a guide lines on a plane drawing sheet
with border line & title strip and print the letters &
numerals as instructed by the teacher.
Writing is important for communication
Safety Precautions:
1. Keep a white paper under your hands to get the work neat and clean.
2. Letters should be in single stroke and properly dark.
3. Indicate the direction of letters and numerals clearly and properly.
4. Do not use scale for lettering.
5. Follow the instructional material.
1
Special Assignment: Write vertical lettering as per instructions.
Drawing / Diagram / Sketch

2
References:
3
OPERATION SHEET NO.2
Operation: Single Stroke Capital inclined lettering on Graph Sheet. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
3) Develop skill to letter in proper sequence of strokes.
4) Construct the letters and numerals in S.S.
5) Draw guide lines and maintain spacing between letters & numerals.
Introduction: - The representation of informational data such as titles, dimensions, notes, surface finish etc. on a
drawing is known as “lettering”. Lettering should therefore, be done clear, legible, uniform and properly spaced.
Inclined single stroke lettering is to be drawn at 67 ½ without lifting the pencil. The letter may be constructed
with the ratio of height and width of 5:4, 5:5. 6:4, 6:5, 6:6
Materials:: Graph sheet – quarter imperial size (15” x 10” or 375mm x 250mm) of light color print, pencil H, eraser
and drawing tape.
Equipment, Drafting table/drawing board, tee-square. Set- square, and pencil sharpener.
PROCEDURE:
1. Fix the graph paper with tape on the drawing table

keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the
board.
2. Draw border line with H pencil. Leave ten squares
on left and five squares on the other sides.
3. Make a line for title strip at the lower base with
border line leaving eight squares.
4. Leave a gape of size squares four sides with the
borderlines.
5. Draw incline guide lines at an angle of 67 ½.
6. Draw parallel guide lines equally space
7. Construct alphabet letters and numerals in
single stroke inclined gothic style in the height of six
squares and width of four squares.
8. Similarly draw a guide lines on a plane drawing
sheet with border line and title strip and print the
letters and numerals as already has done.
Application and Try Out: Writing is important for communication
Safety Precautions:
2. Letters should be in single stroke, properly dark and equally spaced.
3. Indicate the direction of letters and numerals clearly and properly.
4. Do not use scale for lettering.
5. Follow the instructions.
4
Special Assignment: Draw lettering as per instructions.
5
References:
6
Operation: Practice of single stroke capital vertical & inclined lettering. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
2) Draw guidelines to maintain spacing between letters and numerals in both styles.
4) Construct the letters and numerals in single stroke incline at 670 ½ angle.
5) Develop skill to letters in proper sequence of strokes.
Introduction: - For habitual rapid use in labeling and putting notes on drawings, a single line alphabet is required. This should
be based on the shapes and proportions of the gothic lettering. It may be divided into vertical and inclined single stroke letters.
Usually one type of lettering is used and is not mixed. At first, each letter has to be formed carefully and comparatively slowly to
avoid distortion and wrong shapes. With practice, however, it is soon possible to letter quickly and accurately without conscious
effort. In this activity we will letter 10 mm, 8mm. 5mm. 3mm. height with the ratio of 4:6 or as instructed by instructor.
Materials:: Drawing sheet quarter imperial size (15” x 10” or 375mm x 250mm). Pencil (H & H3), tape and eraser.
PROCEDURE (Vertical):
1. Fix the drawing sheet on drawing table with tape

keeping the tee-square at the left edge of the
board.
2. Draw borderline with H pencil as per drawing.
3. Make a title strip at the lower base with the
borderline leaving 25mm.
4. Draw four guidelines having a space of 15 mm
inside the border with H3 pencil.
5. Draw the guidelines with H3 pencil to letter 3 lines
of 10mm height, 3 lines of 8mm height, 4 lines of
5mm height and 5 lines of 3mm height having equal
space of 8mm apart.
6. Letter alphabet and numerals in single stroke
vertical gothic as instructed by using H pencil.
PROCEDURE FOR INCLINED LETTERING:
1. Follow the instructions from 1 to 5 as in activity
No.2.
2. Draw inclined guidelines at an angle of 67 ½ degree
with the help of protractor.
3. Draw parallel guidelines with set squares equally
spaced.
4. Letter alphabet and numerals in single stroke
inclined gothic as instructed using H pencil.
CARE:
1. Follow the instructions 1, 2, 4 and 6 as given in
activity No,.2.
2. Inclined guidelines should be equally spaced and
drawn carefully.
3. Do not use scale to construct the letters and
numerals.
7
Application and Try Out: Writing is important for communication
Safety Precautions:
2. Use soft brush or handkerchief for dusting the drawing sheet.
3. The letter should touch the guidelines.
4. The space between each letter should be equal.
Special Assignment: Draw lettering according to instructions.
References:
8
Operation: Double Stroke Lettering. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Draw the horizontal and vertical parallel lines.
2) Use smoothly Tee, Set squares and compass.
3) Draw the curves, semi circles, and inclined lines.
4) Develop skill to double stroke letters in proper space and shape
5) Maintain the curves with horizontal, vertical and Inclined lines
6) Maintain the uniform thickness of letters and numerals.
Introduction: - Show the Charts.
Materials: Drawing sheet quarter imperial size (15” x 10” or 375mm x 250mm). Pencil (H & H3), self adhesive tape
and eraser. Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square and set-squares.
1. Fix the sheet on drawing table.  Use tee square for adjustment.
2. Make the border line and title strip.  Use H pencil.
3. Mark the points of the centre.  Centre of the sheet.
4. Now mark the divisions for graph.
5. Draw the horizontal lines.
6. Then draw the vertical line.  Should be light and parallel to each other.
7. Using the proper height draw the vertical and  From left to right side.
oblique line for the letters.  Width should be select carefully.
8. Make a curve or semi circle in round shape letters.  Use compass with proper grade of pencil.
9. Then join the vertical lines with these curves to  1st draw the curve then attach this curve with
complete the letters. vertical or horizontal line.
10. Complete the letters and numerals similarly.  Letters must have parallel and visible out lines.
Application and Try Out: In large size boards and large charts use this lettering.
Safety Precautions:
1. Use H grade pencil in compass.
2. Curve should be smooth and uniform in thickness.
3. Vertical and Inclined lines must be joined with these curved lines carefully.
4. Graph lines should be light when the letters must be prominent.
5. Graph lines must be parallel in horizontal and vertical direction.
Special Assignment: Draw the double stroke letters as per instructions.
9
References:
10
Operation: Use of Tee Square & Set Square for drawing of Horizontal, Vertical & Inclined lines. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Draw the horizontal and vertical lines, with their proper weight & construction.
2) Draw the inclined lines at any angle.
3) Develop the skill to construct the figures having Horizontal, Vertical and inclined lines.
4) They can identify above said line.
Introduction: - Horizontal line is parallel to the base or ground. Vertical line is perpendicular to the horizontal line.
Inclined line is at any angle except 90 or 180 to horizontal or vertical lines. Horizontal line may be drawn with the
help of tee square and vertical or inclined lines are to be drawn by the combination of tee and set square.
Materials/ Equipment: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet 15 x 10 (375 x 250mm).H. H3 pencils eraser and tape.
Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square and divider.
1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table.  Space should be equally distributed and lines should
2. Layout the border line and title strip with H Pencil be drawn from left to right.
as per previous practice.  Up to down direction is proper.
3. Divide the sheet into six equal parts as shown.  Angle should be proper.
4. Draw 60mm squares in the center of every box.  Locate the centre properly.
5. Draw the horizontal lines equally spaced by H or H2  Curve and circles should be smooth and proper
Pencil. shape.
6. Then complete the next box with vertical lines
equally spaced.
7. Then draw the oblique lines at 45 angle on both
direction equally spaced.
8. Complete the next box with horizontal, vertical and
inclined lines.
9. Make the other boxes according to the given
informational material.
10. Other three drawn by compass with proper
direction and equally spaced.
11. Rub the extra lines and complete the all figures.
Application and Try Out: Show the chart having different lines.
Ask the Questions about Horizontal, vertical and inclined lines.
Safety Precautions:
1. Mark the divisions carefully.
2. Rotate the pencil when draw the lines.
3. Lines should be drawn from left to right ,Top to bottom , Bottom to top.
4. Draw the figures 1st in construction lines.
5. Lines should be darkened properly.
6. Pencil should be sharpened before draw the lines.
7. Lines should be marked properly and shaped correctly.
8. Curves should be properly centered.
9. Circle should be smooth and properly centered.
11
Special Assignment: Draw the following lines as per instructions.
References:
12
Operation: Use of Compass, circles, half circles, Radii Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Draw the circles.
2) Draw the curves.
3) Develop the skill to construct the figures having circles, curves and different radii.
Introduction: - Mostly drawings are completed by making the circles and curves. It is necessary to know how to draw
the circles, curves and arcs. In this activity different figures are to be practiced to the construction of circles, arcs and
radius etc.
Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.
1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table.
2. Draw the border line and title strip with H, Pencil as

per previous practice.
3. Divide the sheet into six equal parts as illustrated.
4. Mark the center lines in every box.
5. Start the figure as illustrated in the drawing.
6. Complete the figures step by step by using the

compass.
Application and Try Out: We should know the use of drawing instruments
Safety Precautions:
1. Mark the divisions carefully.
2. Rotate the compass carefully.
3. Curves and circles should be clear.
4. Keep line thickness constant through.
5. Mark all lines except construction lines dense and sharp.
13
Special Assignment: Draw the following assignment carefully.
References:
14
Operation: Use Tee Square for drawing centers, crossing of lines. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Develop the skill for border line and title strip.
2) Draw the horizontal, vertical and inclined lines.
Introduction: Engineering drawing is the main method of communication between all persons concerned with
design and manufacture of components, building and construction of works and carrying out engineering projects.
For this communication, recommended lines are used which interpret the meaning of designer. All lines should be of
proper intensity, weight, neat and clean so that the drawing may have good appearance, neatness and cleanliness. If
the line work is clear and correct, the drawing will have good appearance. Hence care must be taken to improve the
line work.
1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table/board.

2. Lay out the border line and title strip with H pencil
as per previous practice.
3. Divide the sheet into four equal parts.
4. Mark the strips 5 x 60mm size in a 60mm square
box and complete the strips to draw the horizontal
and vertical lines as shown in box No.1.
5. Draw the 60mm square with 5mm thickness around
the square as shown in drawing No.2 in
construction lines.
6. With the help of compass, set square and tee-
square mark the centers for the next two drawings.
7. Draw the circles, radius to complete the right two
half drawings in constriction lines.
8. Convert the construction lines into the object lines
as shown to complete the work.
9. Check it by yourself carefully.
Application and Try Out: Proper use of drawing instruments is very important.
Safety Precautions:
1. Every line must be constructed with proper pencil.
2. Sharp the pencil lead before drawing the lines.
3. In every division draw the lines at least five times with the appropriate distance between them.
4. Long and short dashes must be of proper size.
5. Draw the arrow heads perfectly touching to extension lines.
15
Special Assignment: Draw the following figures according to instructions.
References:
16
Operation: Draw round corners, figure inside and outside circle. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
2) Draw the horizontal, vertical and inclined lines.
Many objects have different types of curves internally and externally. These curves may b tangents, fillets and
rounds. It should be clear and meet in a manner. There should be no overlapping and misalignment.
DRAW CIRCLE TANGENT TO TWO

LINES AT 1200 HAVING RADIUS R.
1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing

Table/board.
2. Lay out the border line and title strip with H
pencil as per previous practice.
3. Divide the sheet into six equal parts.
4. Draw line AB and BC at an angle of 1200 to each
other.
5. Draw two parallel lines to the given lines AB and
CD apart radius R.
6. The parallel lines intersecting at point o which is
a centre of required circle.
7. From a center o and radius R draw a circle which
is the required circle.
DRAW AN ARC WITH RADIUS R2 TO TWO UN EQUAL

CIRCLES HAVING RADII R, R1 AT CENTER DISTANCE
AB
TO TOUCH WITH ONE CIRCLE INTERNALLY AND
OTHER EXTERNALLY.
1. Draw line CD and draw circle C on one end and D

on other end with different radius.
2. With radius R3 = R2 – R1 draw an arc from point
C.
3. Radius R4=R2+R, Draw another arc from D
intersecting previous arc at E.
4. From point E with radius R2 draw an arc, which
touch the given circles internally and externally?
17
DRAW AN ARC WITH RADIUS R2 TO TWO EQUAL
CIRCLES HAVING RADII R1 & R AT CENTER DISTANCE
AB
1. Trace center A,B

2. Draw circles from A and B with radius R.
3. With radius R3 = R2 – R draw an arc from point
A.
4. Radius R4=R2+R, strike arc from B to trace point
C.
5. From point C with radius R2 draw an arc, which
touch the given circles internally and externally?
Application and Try Out:
Safety Precautions:
2. Sharp the pencil lead before drawing the lines.
3. Fix the compass on only one centre and strike smoothly.
4. Curve should be neat and clean and in alignment.
5. Indicate the centre of the curves clearly.
18
References:
19
Operation: Construction of Angles and Triangles. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Draw the different angles.
2) Draw the different triangles.
3) Develop the skill to use of drawing instruments.
Introduction: - Show chart of Angles, Triangles
Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square and divider.
Angle: An angle is a figure formed when two lines meet Conical point and flat point leads. Place one edge of
at a point. It may be classified as under:- drawing sheet parallel to T-Square and fix with the help
of tape.
Kinds of Angle:
1. Acute angle: Less than 90 0.

2. Right angle: Equal to 900. Draw different types of angles
3. Obtuse angle: More than 900 but
0
less than 180 . And Triangles in appropriate size.
4. Straight angle: Equal to 1800.
5. Complementary angles: Sum of two angles.
Equal to 900.
6. Supplementary angles: Sum of two angles Show the angles within arrow heads using extension line.
Equal to 1800.
7. Reflex angle: More than 1800 but Indicate the type of angle clearly.
less than 3600.
8. Adjacent angles: Two angles common
arm.
Triangle: A triangle is a plane figure contained by three
straight lines. The side on which the triangle stands is
called its base & the point of the angle opposite to the
base is called the apex or vertex. The altitude is the
perpendicular distance from the apex or vertex to the
base. There are two main groups of triangle one with
their sides and the other with their angles. The sum of
interior angles of a triangle is always 1800.
Kinds of Triangle:-
A. By Sides:
1. Equilateral: Three sides are equal.
2. Isosceles triangle: Two sides are equal.
3. Scalene triangle: Three sides are different.
B. By Angles:
1. Acute-angled triangle: One angle must be acute.
2. Right-angled triangle: One angle must be 90
degree.
3. Obtuse-angled triangle: One angle must be obtuse.
20
Application and Try Out: Used in different geometrical figures.
Safety Precautions:
1. Divide the sheet carefully.
2. Draw the figure at suitable place in the box
3. Choose the suitable size for angles and triangles.
4. Name the figures taking 3mm height.
Special Assignment: Draw the following angles and triangles as per instructions.
References:
21
Operation: Construction of Quadrilaterals and circle elements. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Draw different types of Quadrilaterals and circle elements.
2) Identify the different Quadrilaterals and Parts of a circle.
Introduction: : Show the chart of Quadrilateral and circle elements. A quadrilateral is a plane figure bounded by
four straight lines. It may be termed a quadrangle on account of its having four angles. The four angles of any
quadrilateral add to 3600 or four right angles.
Kinds of quadrilaterals:-
1. Square has all its sides equal and all its angles at 90
degree.
2. Rectangle has its opposite sides equal and all its
angles at 90 degree.
3. Rhombus has all its sides equal but its angles are not
at right angles.
4. Rhomboid has opposite angles and sides are equal,
parallel.
5. Trapezoid has none of its side’s parallel.
6. Trapezium has two of its sides parallel but all others
are unequal.
7. Right Trapezium has two of its sides parallel and only
one angle is 90 degree. All four sides are unequal.
8. Trapezoid or Kite has two pairs of equal sides.
Procedure
1. Draw the border line and title strip after fixing the
drawing sheet on drawing table.
2. Divide the sheet into eight equal divisions.
3. Draw the figures with the help of the tee-square set
squares and compass selecting the suitable size as
illustrated in the drawing and as instructed by the
Instructor.
22
CIRCLE ELEMENTS.
1. Circle.
2. Radius
3. Centre.
4. Circumference.
5. Quadrant.
6. Semi circle.
7. Segment.
8. Sector.
9. Chord
10. Arc.
Procedure
I. Draw the border line and title strip after fixing the
drawing sheet on drawing table.
II. Divide the sheet into ten equal divisions.
III. Draw 10 circles equally spaced
IV. Show the element in visible dark line
V. Label the circle elements  Diameter must be appropriate size
 Line should be thin and fine
VI. Draw the figures with the help of the tee-square  Dark the part which is to be shown
 Height of lettering not more than 5mm
set squares and compass as illustrated in the
drawing with proper grade pencil
Safety Precautions:
1. Divide the sheet carefully.
2. Draw the figures at suitable place in the box.
3. Choose the suitable size for the figures.
4. Use the compass and other instruments carefully.
5. Name the figures with in 3mm guide lines.
23
24
Special Assignment: Draw the following as per instructions.
References:
25
OPERATION SHEET NO. 11
Operation: Construction of Parallel lines, Perpendicular, Bisect line, Angles and equal division of line Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Draw the lines, parallel line, arcs and angles.
2) Bisect the lines, angles and arcs.
Introduction: : Drawing is a skill not easily obtained and a high degree of efficiency can only be achieved after a
draftsman has become proficient in the use of the instruments of this art. A sound knowledge of basic geometrical
constructions is needed to complete engineering drawings in a workman like manner. Many constructions are
especially valuable when accurate, full size layouts are required such as sheet metal patterns, tool and die layouts.
1. Construction of Parallel lines

AB is the given line and C is the given distance.
i. From any two points well apart on AB draw to arcs

of radius equal to C. Show charts and transparencies
ii. Draw a line tangential to the two arcs to give the
required line.
2. Construction of Perpendicular (From the end of the

line).
AB is the given line.
i. With centre B and radius less than AB describe an

arc to intersect line AB at point C.
ii. From C and the same radius mark of point D and
from point D with same radius mark off point E.
iii. From point D and point E describe any two arcs to
intersect at point F.
iv. Join BF to give the required perpendicular.
3. From a point on a line
AB is the line and C is the point on it.
i. With centre C and any radius describe equal arcs

to cut line AB at point E and point F.
ii. From E and F describe equal arcs to intersect at
point D.
iii. Join points CD to give the required perpendicular.
4. Bisecting a line or arc
i. Given line or arc AB.

ii. Set the compass for any radius greater than one-
half of AB. Using A and B as centers, draw two arcs
to intersect at C and two arcs to intersect at D.
iii. The point at which line CD crosses AB is the center.
26
5. Dividing a line into equal parts
i. Assume a given line is to be divided into six equal

parts.
ii. Draw the required line AB which is to be divided.
iii. From one end of this line draw line AC at any
convenient angle.
iv. Starting at A on line AC lay off six equal spaces
either with dividers or a scale.
v. From the termination point of the last space D,
draw a line connecting D with B.
vi. With the edge of a triangle set parallel with line
DB, draw lines from the points on line AC to line
AB. The division points will be found where the
parallel lines intersect line AB.
6. Bisecting an angle.
i. Given angle BAC

ii. With A as a center and the compass set at any
convenient radius, draw an arc cutting line AB at D
and line AC at E.
iii. Set the compass at a radius greater than one-half
of DE.
iv. With D and E as centers, draw two arcs to intersect
at O.
v. Draw a line from O to A. The line OA bisects the
angle.
Application and Try Out: Show the chart and ask questions.
Safety Precautions:
1. Use compass and other instruments carefully and properly.
2. Sharp the pencil lead to get a better result.
3. Centers should be located accurately
27
References:
28
Operation: Construction of Inscribed & circumscribed figures. Square, Name: - Amjad Elahi
Triangle and Hexagon Technology:- Mechanical
Subject: - MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1 Time:- 150 min
Date:- _______
Objectives: - Upon completion of this activity, the learner will be able to
1) Draw the inscribed square, triangle and hexagon.
2) Draw the circumscribed squire, triangle, and hexagon.
3) Develop the skill in the use of drawing instruments.
Introduction: : Show the chart. Those figures, which are drawn inside the circle and only the corners of the figure,
are touching the circumference of the circle, called inscribed figures. Those figures which are drawn outside the
circle and the sides of figures are tangent to it, are called circumscribed figures.
Drawing table/ drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.
1) Draw the border line and title strip as per previous  Follow the procedure which is to be said.
practice.  Circles should be equally spaced.
2) Divide the sheet into six equal parts.  Centre lines should be properly drawn.
 Geometric. figures must be prominent.
INSCRIBED FIGURES:-
1) Draw the circles taking diameter 60mm.
2) Draw the centerlines.
3) Join the four points of centerlines for square.
4) Bisect the radius for triangle and rectangle. Then joint

these points.
5) Use compass for hexagons according to the method

demonstrate by your class instructor.
CIRCUMSCRIBED FIGURES:-
1) After drawing of circles and centerlines, produce the

tangents horizontal and vertical for square.
2) Angles of 60 for hexagon, externally.
3) Angle of 60 internally for triangle.
Application and Try Out: Show the G. Figure and ask questions.
Safety Precautions:
1. Draw the circles in the center of the boxes.
2. Circles and center lines should be constructed properly.
3. Bisect the lines accurately.
4. Tangent should be touch the circle not cut it.
29
Special Assignment: Draw the following figures carefully.
References:
30
Operation: Construction of Pentagon by different methods Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Draw the pentagon by different methods.
3) Develop the skill to divide the line in two and five equal parts.
Introduction: A polygon is a plane figure having more than four sides. When the sides are equal, then the polygon is
a regular polygon. In such a polygon, the angles are equal and all the corners will touch the circumference of a
circumscribed circle. Polygons with unequal sides are said to be irregular polygons. The polygon contains the five
equal sides is called “pentagon”. There are many methods to draw the pentagon but we will discuss only five
methods .
 Draw the borderline after fixing the drawing sheet.
 Divide the sheet into two equal parts horizontally.
 Divide the upper half into two equal parts and

lower half into three equal parts.
 In these five boxes draw the pentagon by different

methods.
Method No. 1 (Inscribed Pentagon)
1) Draw a circle having diameter 50mm with center O

and extend the center lines. BA. CM.
2) Bisect OA radius at point D.
3) D as center scribes an arc equal to radius DC on BA.

It will cut the BA on E.
4) Now C as center scribes an arc equal to CE on the

circumference. It cut the circumference on F.
5) Join F and C. It is a one side of pentagon. Mark the

other sides and join them. Inscribed
6) Pentagon is completed.
31
Method No. 2
1) Draw AB = 35mm. with centers A and B and radius

AB draw complete circles.
2) With center D and the same radius draw an arc to

cut the first circles at E and F.
3) Draw DG and produce From E draw a line through G

to H. Similarly from F draw a line
4) Through G to J.
5) With centers J and H and radius AB strikes arcs

cutting at K.
6) Join A to J. J to K, K to H. H to B. AJKHB is the

required pentagon.
Method No. 3
1) Draw AB = 35mm and bisect AB at C.
2) Mark off CD = AB. From B draw a line through D and

produce.
3) Mark off DE = ½ AB with compass point on B and

radius BE strike an arc to cut CD produced at F.
4) With centers, A.B.F. and radius AB strike arcs to cut

at G and H.
5) Join A to G, G to F, F to H, and H to B.
Method No. 4
1) Draw the given side AB = 35mm. Produce BA to X.
2) Describe the semi circle with radius AB and

center A.
3) Divide the semi circle into five equal parts by

protractor making 36 angles and mark the numbers
from left side.
4) Join A to the second division from X.
5) AE = AB = two sides of the polygon and BAE will be a

corner of the polygon.
6) Bisect AE and AB at O with Centre O and radius AO.

Describe the circle.
7) With length AB, step off C and D from B. Join up the
points for the required polygon.
32
Method No. 5
1) Draw the circle having diameter 50mm with center

O.
2) Draw the diameter AOY and divide AY into five

equal parts.
3) With radius AY and center A and Y. scribe the

intersecting arcs x.
4) From x draw a line through 2 to cut the

circumference at B.
5) Join AB. which is one side of the pentagon. Step off

the remaining points at AB intervals. Join up
ABCDEA to complete the pentagon.
Application and Try Out: Show the Geometrical Figure and ask questions.
Safety Precautions:
1. Divide the sheet into five equal divisions with appropriate size.
2. Bisect and join the lines carefully.
3. Draw the intersecting circles accurately.
4. Divide the semi circle into five equal divisions accurately.
5. Pentagon should be drawn with prominent line.
Special Assignment: Draw the following pentagons as per instructions.
33
References:
34
Operation: Construction of Hexagon, Octagon, by general and different methods Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Draw the Hexagon by different methods.
2) Draw the Octagon by different methods.
Introduction: The polygon contains six equal sides called “Hexagon” and eight equal sides called “Octagon”.
Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet 15 x 10 (375 x 250mm).H. H3 pencils eraser and tape.
Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.
HEXAGON:-
Method No. 1:
Constructing a regular hexagon with the given distance
across corners.
1) Draw a circle with AE of 70mm diameter. Draw
centerlines.
2) With the radius AO and using A and E as centers,
draw arcs with straight lines.
3) Connect each point formed by the intersecting arcs
with straight lines.
Method No. 2
1) Draw a given line AB = 35mm.
2) With center A and B and radius AB scribe the semi
circles at O.
3) With center draw the semi circle which cut the
already drawn semi circles at C and F.
4) From F and C with the same radius. Cut the semi
circle at E and D.
5) Step off points CDEF with AB.
Method No. 3
1) Draw the horizontal line AB = 35mm.
2) Rest the 30 – 60 set squares on the Tee-square then
draw the lines AF and BC making them equal to AB.
3) Repeat with points C and F making CD and EF equal
to AB.
4) Joint DE to complete the hexagon.
OCTAGON:-
Method No. 1
1) Draw a square having 80mm side and within the
square draw its diagonals.
2) Using the corners of the square as centers and a
radius equal to one-half of the diagonals,
Draw arcs intersecting the sides of the square.
3) Connect these points with lines, which form the
sides of the octagon.
35
Method No.2
1) Draw the circle having diameter 70mm with center
O.
2) Draw the diameter AE.
3) Draw OC perpendicular to the diameter.
4) Bisect the right angle AOC.
5) The bisector cut the circumference at B.
6) Join AB and BC, which are the two sides of the
octagon.
7) Set off the other points equal to AB or BC.
8) Join the points to obtain the required octagon.
Method No. 3
1) Let the line AB = 30mm.
2) 45 set square place on the edge of tee square and
draw oblique lines from A and B.
3) Along these lines measure 40mm from A and B to
obtain sides AH and BC.
4) With set square, draw 40mm vertical lines CD and
HG. Continue with the 30mm oblique lines DE and
GF.
5) Complete the octagon by joining EF.
Application and Try Out: Ask questions.
Safety Precautions:
1. Draw the circles carefully.

2. Divide the circles accurately.
3. Bisect the lines precisely.
4. Construction lines should be light and thin.
Special Assignment: Draw the following figures as per instructions.
36
References:
37
Operation: Construction of Tangents of circles (Inside & outside). Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Draw the tangent of the circles internally and externally.
2) Develop the skill in use of drawing instruments.
Introduction: Many machine parts have circular shape. It is therefore needed to draw the tangents internally or
externally. With this practice it will easy to draw the tangents.
Materials: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.
1. Draw the border line and title strip after fixing

the drawing sheet.
2. Draw following three types of tangents:
A. External Tangent.
B. Internal Tangent.
C. Line Tangent.
A. External Tangent:
1. Let the radii of the circles be 40mm and 26mm

respectively and let the centers be 100mm apart.
2. Draw the 100mm line OO from the both centers of
the circles.
3. Bisect OO at A with A as centre draw the semi circle
on OO.
4. Draw a third circle with O as centre. The radius to
be the difference between the two given radii, 40 –
26 = 14nn.
5. Let B is the point where the circle cuts the semi
circle. Join O to B, and produce it to C.
6. Joint O to B. Draw O, D parallel to OC.
7. Draw a line through points C and D. This line is the
External Tangent.
38
B. Internal Tangent.
1. Let the radii of the circles be 40mm and 20mm

respectively and let the centers be 100 mm apart.
2. Repeat the 2 and 3 step of above procedure.
3. Set the compass to a third radius equal to the sum
of the other two radii, 60 + 20 = 80mm.
4. With centre O, draw the arc from B to cut the semi
circle at C. Join C to O and C to O.
5. Draw O D parallel to OC.
6. Join DE for the internal tangent.
C. Line Tangent.
 Draw a line tangent to a circle through a point

outside the circle.
1. Let X represents the point outside the circle.

2. Draw a line from X to the center of circle at O.
3. Bisect line OX.
4. From the intersection at C, draw a semi-circle
having a radius equal to OC. The intersection of the
semi circle O at E is the point of tangency for the
required line.
Application and Try Out: Ask questions.
Safety Precautions:
1. Draw the circles carefully.
2. Bisect the circles accurately.
3. Draw the tangent line precisely.
Special Assignment: Draw the following tangents according to instructions.
39
References:
40
Operation: Construction of Ellipse by four different methods. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
2) Construct the “Ellipse” by different methods.
3) Develop the skill in use of drawing instruments.
DESCRIPTION: When a point moves so that the sum of its distance from two fixed points, called focal points or foci,
is a constant, then the locus of the point is a ellipse. The constant is major axis of the ellipse. The ellipse is a common
and practical curve often encountered by the sheet metal worker. A foreshortened view of any circle or the true size
and shape view of a angular cut on a cylinder will also appear as an ellipse. Ellipse is produced when the intersecting
plane is inclined to the axis making greater angle with the axis and cuts the entire generator on one side of the apex.
Arches, bridges, glands, stuffing boxes etc. are made approximately in elliptical shapes. There are several methods to
construct an ellipse, some are given below:
1) Foci method 2) Four centre method 3) Concentric circle method 4) Parallelogram method.
Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider etc.
Draw the borderline, title strip according to

previous practice and divide the sheet in to four
equal boxes
1. ELLIPSE BY FOCI METHOD
1. The major axis AB 100 mm and the minor

axis CD 60mm are given.
2. Locate the foci by cutting axis AB with an
arc using AO as the radius and C as the
centre.
3. Between F1 and O lay off a number of
equal points, such as five. For larger ellipses
more points should be used to insure a
smooth curve.
4. With A-1 as the radius and F1 F2 as centers
scribe arcs at 1 and 1.
5. With B-1 as the radius and F1 F2 as centers
draw arcs intersecting arcs at 1 and 1.
6. Proceed in a similar manner with the
remaining points to locate intersecting arcs
at 2 and 2, 3 and 3, 4 and 4 etc.
7. Connect the points formed by the
intersecting arcs with an irregular curve.
41
2. ELLIPSE BY FOUR CENTRE METHOD:-
1. The major axis AE and the minor axis CD is
given as 100mm and 60mm.
2. With O as a centre and radius OA, draw an
arc intersecting OC at F.
3. Draw line AC.
4. With C as a centre and a radius CF draw
arc-intersecting line AC at X.
5. Find the perpendicular bisector of AX so it
intersects AE at G and the extended axis CD
at H.
6. Point G and H now are centers for two of
the required arcs of the ellipse.
7. Lay off OK equal to OH and OM equal to
OG. With M and K as centers, draw the
other two arcs of the ellipse.
3. ELLIPSE BY CONCENTRIC CIRCLE METHOD:-
1. Given AE 100mm and CD 60mm as the
principal axis with O as the centre.
2. With O as a centre and radius AO. Draw
outer circle. Draw inner circle with CO as a
radius.
3. Divide outer circle into 12 number of equal
parts, at 30-degree angle.
4. From O draw radii to points on outer circle
intersecting inner circle.
5. From points on outer circle draw vertical
lines parallel to CD.
6. From points on inner circle draw horizontal
lines parallel to AE. The intersections of the
vertical and horizontal lines provide points
of the ellipse.
7. Repeat the same procedure for the
remaining quadrants and connect the
points with an irregular curve.
4. ELLIPSE BY PARALLELOGRAM METHOD:-
1. With axis AB 100mm and CD 60mm
construct a parallelogram.
2. Divide AO into any number of equal parts
and AE into the same number of parts.
Number these parts.
3. From D draw lines through points on AO.
4. From C draw lines to points on line AE.
5. The intersection of these lines provides
points for the ellipse.
6. Proceed in a similar manner for the
remaining quadrants and connect points  Follow the procedure, which is to be said.
with an irregular curve.
Application and Try Out: Reflection of light & sound waves, antenna for Satellite Architecture and other
Engineering Product.
Safety Precautions/ Care:
1. Divide the sheet in to two equal parts.
2. Before construction the ellipse, study every procedure carefully.
3. Major and minor axis should be at appropriate place.
4. Except the curve of ellipse, all other lines should be thin.
42
5. Use the compass carefully to draw the circles, curves etc. Curve should be smooth proper dark and thick.
Special Assignment: Draw the following diagrams as per instructions.
References:
43
Operation: Construction of Parabola curve by four different methods. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
2) Construct the “Parabola” by different methods.
DESCRIPTION: The parabola is the locus of a point which moves so that its distances from a fixed point, called the
focus and fixed straight lines called the directrix are always equal. Parabola is produced when the intersecting plane
is inclined to the axis and is parallel to one of the generators. Sound and light reflectors are made in parabolic shape,
vertical curves on highway and bridges arches are also made parabolic. The curve for bending movement diagram of
a uniformly loaded beam is always in the form of parabola.
Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15 x 10 or 375 x 250mm). H. H2. H3 pencils, sharpener
Eraser, self adhesive transparent tape.
Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.
A Parabola may be drawn by the following methods:-
1. Basic method
2. Parallelogram method
3. Tangent method
4. Parabolic arc method.
Draw the borderline and title strip according to previous
practice.
Divide the sheet into four equal parts.
1. PARABOLA BY BASIC OR LOCUS METHOD
1. Focus F and directrix MN is given.

2. Draw line OR through F and perpendicular to MN to
intersect MN at Z.
3. At any point E on line OR draw line XY parallel to
MN.
4. With ZE as a radius and F as the centre, draw arc
intersecting line XY at P and Q. These are points on
the parabola.
5. Divide distance ZE into any number of convenient
spaces and draw lines through these divisions
parallel to MN.
6. Repeat step 4 using distances Z-1, Z-2, Z-3, etc. as
radii and F as centre locating points on the curve.
7. The vertex V is located midway between the
directrix and F on OR.
8. Draw the curve through the points located.
44
2. PARABOLA BY PARALLELOGRAM METHOD
1. The rise XY and half-span XZ of the parabola is

given.
2. Divide XY and XZ into the same number of equal
parts.
3. From division points on line XY draw lines
converging at Z.
4. From the division points on line XZ draw lines
parallel to the axis ZR.
5. The corresponding intersections of these lines are
the points of the parabolic curve.
6. Proceed in a similar manner to the points for the
lower half of the parabola and connect points with
an irregular curve.
3. PARABOLA BY TANGENT METHOD.
1. The limiting points of the parabola R and T and the

tangents RS and ST is given.
2. Divide lines RS and ST into any number of equal
parts and number the division as shown.
3. Draw lines connecting like numbered points such as
1 and 1, 2 and 2, 3 and 3.
4. The curve drawn tangent to these intersecting lines
is the parabolic curve.
4. PARABOLA BY PARABOLIC ARC METHOD.
1. Given the point A and B assume a point C.

2. Draw the tangents CA and CB.
3. Divide the tangent CA and CB into the same number
of equal parts and number the divisions as shown.
4. Draw line connecting like numbered points such as
1 and 1, 2 and 2, 3 and 3.
5. Construct the curve using the tangent method
shown in previous method.
Application and Try Out: Reflection of light and sound waves, antenna for Satellite Architecture and other
Engineering Product.

1. Divide the sheet into four equal parts.
2. Study the procedure carefully before constructing the parabola.
3. All lines should be thin except parabolic curve.
4. Connect the lines carefully.
5. Draw the curve by making a tangent should be clear and visible.
6. Follow the said procedures.
Special Assignment: Draw the following figures.
45
References:
46
Operation: Construction of Hyperbola Curve.
Name Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Draw the hyperbola.
2) Develop the skill to construct the curves.
DESCRIPTION: The hyperbola is the locus of a point which moves so that the ratio of its distances from the focus and
directrix is constant and greater than 1.
Hyperbola is produced when the intersecting plane makes the lesser angle with the axis and is parallel to the cone
axis. It is used in some of the structures such as in the designing of cams, threads of scroll chucks and devices.
Materials/ Equipment: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15 x 10 or 375 x 250mm). H. H2. H3 pencils, sharpener
Eraser, self adhesive transparent tape. Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.
Method to construct a Hyperbola.
1. Given foci F1 and F2 and the transverse axis RS.

2. Extend transverse axis to any convenient distance
such as Z.
3. Lay off on SZ any number of points.
4. With S-Z as a radius and F2 as the centre, strike arcs
at M and N.
5. With R-Z as a radius and F1 as the centre strike arcs
to intersect arcs at M and N.
6. Proceed in a similar manner for points 1, 2, 3, 4, etc.
on the transverse axis. The points formed by the
intersecting arcs represent the required curve of
the hyperbola.
 Draw hyperbolic curve by other methods as
instructed by Instructor.
Application and Try Out: Designing of cams, threads of scroll chucks and some other similar devices.

1. Divide the sheet into two equal parts.
2. Study the procedure carefully before constructing the parabola and Spiral.
3. Hyperbola curve should be drawn free hand.
4. Use compass carefully to construct the arcs.
47
References:
48
References:
49
OPERATION SHEET NO 19
Operation: Construction of Archimedean Spiral Curve. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
2) Construct the spiral.
DESCRIPTION: A spiral is a curve generated when a point moves away from a fixed point so that its distance
increases uniformly with the angle. It is used in designing the cams, threads of scroll chucks and some other similar
devices.
Method to draw Archimedean Spiral.
1. Given an angle of 30 with a circle of 144mm

diameter with centre O.
2. Form point O layout a series of equal angles of 30
and draw radial lines.
3. Divide one of the radial lines OG into the same
number of parts as there are radial liens.
4. Rotate the points on OG to the corresponding radial
lines.
5. Connect points with an irregular curve.
Application and Try Out: Designing the cams, threads of scroll chucks and some other similar devices.

1. Study the procedure carefully before constructing the Spiral.
2. Spiral curve should be drawn free hand.
50
References:
51
Operation: Construction of Involutes Curve of Square/rectangle, hexagon and circle. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Develop the skill to construct the geometrical figures and curves.
2) Draw the involutes of circle, square, triangle and hexagon.
DESCRIPTION: Mathematically an involute is a spiral curve made by a point on a perfectly taut string as it unwinds
form around a shape such as a circle or polygon etc. It is used to form the outlines of the gear teeth and certain fine
instrument for example watches clocks etc.
1) Involutes of a circle.
1. Given circle O having 50mm dia.

2. Divide circles into 12 numbers of equal parts and
number the parts.
3. Draw tangents to the circle at each point.
4. On each tangent step off the length of the
corresponding arc division such as 1-12 on tangent
line 1-A, 2-12 on tangent line 2-B, 3-12 on tangent
line 3-C, etc.
5. Connect the points with an irregular curve with the
compass.
2) Involutes of a Triangle.
1. Draw an equilateral triangle LMN having base

30mm.
2. Mark the numbers and extend the lines M-L
N-M, L-N.
3. With L as centre and radius LN scribe on arc
intersecting the extended line at ML at l.
4. With M as centre and radius M-L scribe an arc
intersecting the extended line NM at 2.
5. Continue this procedure and determine points 3
using radii N-2.
6. The connecting arcs determine the involutes of
triangle.
3) Involutes of a Square/Rectangle:
1. Draw square LMNO having base 10mm.

2. With 1. As centre and radius 1O. Scribe an arc
intersecting line 1.M at 1.
3. With M as a centre and radius M-1 scribe an arc
intersecting the extended line NM at 2.
4. Continue it and determine points 3 and 4
5. The connecting arcs determine the involutes of the
rectangle.
52
4) Involutes of a Hexagon:
1. Draw the hexagon by compass method having base

25mm.
2. Repeat the same procedure as involutes of a
square.
Application and Try Out: The flank of most gear teeth has involutes profile.

1) Divide the drawing sheet into two equal parts.
2) Draw only two involutes in class room. Other two are to be drawn at home as home assignment.
3) Mark the figures carefully.
4) Scribe the arc carefully and accurately.
5) Involutes curve should be smooth and equal thickness.
53
References:
1. Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD-1 (Text book)
2. Drafting and Graphics by Giacheno and Beukema.
54
OPERATION SHEET NO 21
Operation: Construction of Cycloid, epicycloids and hypocycloid. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
2) Construct the Cycloid, epicycloids and hypocycloid.
DESCRIPTION: Cycloid curve define as the locus of a point on the circumference of a cylinder which rolls without
slip along a flat surface. An Epicycloids rolls without slip around the outside of another circle and Hypocycloid rolls
without slip around the inside of another circle.
Method to draw Cycloid curve
1. Generating circle and straight line AB is given.

2. Divide the circle into 12 numbers of equal divisions.
3. Divide line AB (equal to circumference) into 12
equal divisions.
4. Draw vertical lines from point 1’ to 5’ to intersect
with the horizontal line from center of the circle.
5. H as centre draw an arc L equal to the radius of
circle to intersect horizontal line projected from 1.
6. Repeat the same, G as centre draw the arc K to
intersect the horizontal line projected from 2.
7. Now F as centre draw arc J to intersect horizontal
line projected from 3.
8. Repeat the same E & D as centre draw arc P” and P’
to intersect the horizontal line projected from 4 &
5.
9. Repeat the same method in the right half of the
figure.
10. Draw the required Cycloid tangent to these arcs.
Note: - Other curves may be drawn in similar manners.
Application and Try Out: These curves are used to form the outlines of the certain gear teeth.

1. Study the procedure carefully before constructing these curves.
2. Curves should be drawn free hand.
4. Carefully uses the center line as centre for making the arcs.
55
References:
56
Operation: Different types of drawing lines. Name: - Amjad Elahi

Time 150 min
i) Draw the alphabet of lines.
ii) Identify the various lines used in engineering drawing.
iii) Draw the different grades, weight and shape of lines used in mechanical engineering drawing.
For this communications, recommended lines are used which interpret the meaning of designer.
All lines should be of proper intensity, weight, neat and clean so that the drawing may have good
appearance, neatness and cleanliness. If the line work is clear and correct, the drawing will have good appearance.
Hence care must be taken to improve the line work.
Materials: Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15" × 10" or 375mm × 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencils, sharpener,
eraser, self adhesive transparent tape.
Equipment: Drawing table/drawing board, tee-square, set-square and sharpener.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Fix the drawing sheet on the drawing table/board.

2. Draw the border line and title strip as illustrated.
3. Divide the sheet into 12 equal parts, from left to
right four divisions and up to down three divisions
precisely.
4. Draw each line in a box at least for five times with
proper weight and shape using proper pencil
as illustrated in the figures and instructed by the
instructor.
Application and Try Out: Drawing can be communicate by these lines
Safety Precautions:
2. Sharp the pencil lead before drawing the liens.
3. In every division draw the lines at least five times with the appropriate distance between them.
4. Long and short dashes must be of proper size.
5. Draw the arrowheads perfectly touching to extension lines.
57
58
59
60
Special Assignment: Draw the following lines as per instructions.
61
References:
62
OPERATION SHEET NO.23 (A)
Operation: Orthographic Projection, 1st. angle wooden block-1 Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Draw the orthographic views of a simple block in first angle projection.
ii) Understand the theory of first angle projection.
iii) Understand the measurement on pictorial view.
Introduction: It is difficult to carry out an operation such as drilling on a round surface object as it cannot be easily
clamped and is liable to rotation while the operation is being performed. A V-block is emplaced to hold such objects
by placing the job in the v-shaped slot. Some Times Square slot type blocks (Slide blocks) are used to slide the
machine part.
Equipment: Drawing table / drawing bard, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Sketch the borderlines and letter the title strip on

drawing sheet.
2. Divide the sheet according to the given dimensions
using first angle system of projection.
3. Erase the extra lines.
4. Draw the front view looking in the direction of
arrow “F1” and side views, in the direction of arrow
“EE” and top view in the direction of arrow “P” as
shown in the pictorial view.
5. Dimension and label the views.
6. Check the views with pictorial view and remove error
if any.
Application and Try Out: Projection theory is important for communication
Safety Precautions:
1. Drawing board and instrument be neat and clean.
2. Proper pencils are to be used.
63
Special Assignment: Draw the multi view drawings from the given block.
References:
64
OPERATION SHEET NO.23 (B)
Operation: Orthographic Projection, 3rd angle, wooden block-1 Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
I) draw the orthographic views of a simple block in third angle projection.
ii) Understand the measurement of pictorial view.
Introduction: Description of third angle projection has already been discussed in previous activities.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Sketch the borderlines and letter the title strip

on drawing sheet.
2. Divide the drawing sheet to locate the position of
views as shown in drawing.
4. Draw the front view of the block looking in the
direction “FE”
5. Draw the side view looking in the direction “EE”
6. Complete the top view with the help or
projections.
8. Check the views and remove error if any.
Application and Try Out: Orthographic projection is important for communication
Safety Precautions:
1. Drawing board and instruments be neat and clean.
65
Special Assignment: Draw the multi view drawing from the given block.
References:
66
Operation: Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.2 A, B Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Draw the orthographic views of STEP BLOCK in 1st. & 3rd angle projection.
ii) Dimension and placement of views properly.
Introduction: In first angle the top view of the Step Block will be under the front view and side view will be opposite
of the viewer at the same line of front view.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Fix the drawing sheet and draw border line and

title strip.
2. Divide the sheet according to the dimensions.
4. Construct the front view at top left position
looking in the direction “FE”
5. Construct the side view at top right position
looking in the direction “EE”
6. Construct the top view at left bottom position
looking in the direction “P”
7. Complete all the three views.
8. Write the dimensions, view names and
complete the title strip.
Safety Precautions:
3. Space the views properly.
67
Special Assignment: Draw the multi view drawing from the given blocks.
References:
68
Operation: Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.3 A, B Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Draw the orthographic views of the given block in 1st & 3rd angle projection.
ii) Understand the measurement of pictorial view.
Introduction: Description of first angle projection has already been discussed in previous activities.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Draw the borderlines and letter the title strip on

drawing sheet.
2. Divide the sheet to locate the position of views as
shown in drawing.
4. Draw the front view of the block looking in the
direction “FE”
5. Draw the side view of the block looking in the
direction “EE”
6. Draw the top view of the block looking in the
direction “P”
7. Complete the side and top view the help of
projection.
Safety Precautions:
3. Space the views properly
69
References:
70
Operation: Orthographic Projection, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.4 A,B Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Placement of views properly.
ii) Draw the orthographic views of the given block in 1st & 3rd angle projection.
iii) Dimension the views.
Introduction: In the first angle the top view of the T Slide Block will be under the front view and side view will be
opposite of the viewer at the same line of front view.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Fix the drawing sheet and draw border line and title
strip.
2. Divide the paper according to the dimension.
4. Construct the views in boxes. Front View at top left.
Top View at bottom left and Side View at Top Right
position.
5. Complete the three views accordingly.
6. Write the dimensions, view names and complete the
title strip.
7. Check and remove error if any.
Application and Try Out: Orthographic projection is important for communication
Safety Precautions:
3. Space the views properly.
71
References:
72
Operation: Orthographic Project, 1st & 3rd angle, wooden block No.5 A,B Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Draw the orthographic views of the given block in 1st. & 3rd angle projection .
ii) Understand dimension the views in 1st & 3rd angle projection.
Introduction: Description of first angle projection has already been discussed in previous activities.

PROCEDURE:-

drawing sheet.
shown in drawing.
4. Draw the front view of the block at left top position.
5. Draw the side view of the block at top right position.
6. Draw the Top view of the block at bottom left
position.
7. Complete the Side and Top view with the help of
projections.
8. Dimensions and label the views.
Safety Precautions:
73
References:
74
Operation: Orthographic Projection and Isometric drawing-1 Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Visualize multi view and construction of isometric drawing.
ii) Understand the steps for construction of isometric drawing.
iii) Construct & identify the isometric drawing of simple objects.
Introduction: Isometric drawing is a type of pictorial drawing and effective means of communicating ideas. In
isometric drawing the three axes are spaced 120o apart. To draw an isometric a 30 o – 60 o triangle is needed. The
depth or width length is laid at 30 o and height is taken at 90 o with base line.

PROCEDURE:-
Orthographic Views:
 Draw three views of given object in 1st angle as
shown previously.
Isometric Drawing No.1

1. Draw two views of the object taking suitable sizes as
instructed.
2. Make a block of overall sizes taking “H” on 90o, and
D and W on 30 o.
3. Locate WI and HI and draw construction lines.
4. Strengthen all visible lines to complete the view.
Isometric Drawing No.2

1. Draw two views of the object taking suitable sizes as
instructed.
2. Draw block taking overall dimensions using light
construction line taking length and width on 30o and
height on 90 o.
3. Draw constriction lines taking WI. DI and H1 inlight
weight construction lines.
4. Draw final object lines to complete the view.
Application and Try Out: Isometric drawing is important for quick communication
and very useful for unskilled workers.
Safety Precautions:
1. Draw neat, thin and light construction and projection lines.
2. Strengthen the final line by using proper pencils.
75
76
Special Assignment: Draw the isometric drawing from the given orthographic drawings.
77
References:
78
Operation: Orthographic Projection & Isometric Drawing – II Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Draw the orthographic views of slide block in first angle projection.
ii) Understand the use of compass and reading of diameter.
Introduction: Description of projections has already been discussed in previous activities.
PROCEDURE:-

drawing sheet.
shown in drawing.
4. Draw the front view of the slide block looking
the figure (a) at top left position.
5. Draw the side view of the slide block looking the
figure (a) at top right position.
6. Complete the top view with the help of
projections drawn from front view and side view.
Application and Try Out: It is important for quick communication
Safety Precautions:
79
Special Assignment: Draw the isometric drawing from the given orthographic drawings.
80
References:
81
Operation: Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing – I Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Visualize multi views for construction of oblique drawing.
ii) Understand steps for constructing oblique drawing.
iii) Construct oblique drawing of simple object.
Introduction: Oblique drawing is a type of pictorial in which two axes are always perpendicular to each other while
the third, receding axis is at some convenient angle such as 30o, 45 o or 60 o with the horizontal. It has advantages
over isometric drawing such as:-
i) Circular or irregular outlines on the front face show in their true shape.
ii) Greater choice is possible in the selection of the positions of the axis etc.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Take suitable size as instructed.

2. Construct a box using overall dimensions of height,
widths and depth with light construction lines.
3. Draw receding axes at 30o /450and measures the
depth dimension in true length.
4. To complete the oblique drawing, finish it with
strengthened object lines.
Application and Try Out: Oblique views are mostly used in furniture making
Safety Precautions:
1. Draw neat, thin and light construction lines.
2. Use proper pencils for different types of lines and lettering.
82
Special Assignment: Draw the oblique drawings from the orthographic drawing.
83
References:
84
Operation: Orthographic Projection and Oblique Drawing – II Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Select view for drawing in true shape.
ii) Choose suitable angle for receding lines.
iii) Construct oblique draw of objects having circular or irregular shapes.
Introduction: Major advantage of oblique is that circular features can be drawn as true circles when they are
parallel to picture plane. The circles are connected with tangent lines parallel to the axis. Hidden lines are omitted.
The same principles are used to construct an object with semicircular or irregular features.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Draw two views of the given object.

2. Select view having circular features to draw in true
shape.
3. Select receding axis angle with horizontal (30o is
being used in this activity)
4. Draw front view (with circular effects) is true shape
and size.
5. Draw receding lines and measure the depth
dimensions of each.
6. Draw arc on the rear face.
7. Strengthen the object lines and draw the tangent
of circle and arc with 30o triangle.
Application and Try Out: Oblique views are mostly used in furniture making
Safety Precautions:
1. Construction work must be neat, clean, thin and light.
2. Object lines must be prominent.
3. Use proper pencils to obtain good results.
85
Special Assignment: Draw the oblique drawings from the orthographic drawing.
References:
86
Operation: Construction of One Point Perspective Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Develop the skill to draw the parallel perspective.
ii) Write the step by step procedure of making parallel perspective.
Introduction: Ask some question to show the chart and model of Perspective.

PROCEDURE:-
How to draw a parallel or one point perspective
 The steps in making a one point perspective are as
follows (see Fig.)
1. Draw the ground line GL and on it layout the front
view of the object.
2. Locate the picture plane PP and on it draw the
top view of the object.
3. Draw the horizon line at any convenient distance
from the ground line.
4. Locate the station point so that the cone of
visual rays will enclose the object at an angle not
greater than 30o.
5. From the station point, draw a vertical line to the
horizon which provides the vanishing point VP.
6. Draw visual ray lines from the station point to all
the top points in the top view.
7. Extend vertical lines downward from the bottom
points of the top view as well as where the visual
ray lines intersect the picture plane line.
8. Project horizontal lines from the front view to
interest the vertical lines from the top view.
9. Extend lines from the front perspective view to
the vanishing point.
10. The intersection of the horizontal lines from the
front view with the vertical lines from the top view and
the lines extending from the front perspective view to
the vanishing point will provide the required shape of
the one point perspective drawing.
a) To show the actual drawing of a model. b) To show the view to the model makers.
Safety Precautions:
1. Draw the front and top views of proper places.
2. Select station point on a suitable place.
3. Project the lines accurately and lightly.
4. Meet the points and draw the view precisely.
87
Special Assignment: Draw the following one point perspective drawing according to instructions.
References:
88
Operation:- Construction of Two Point Perspective. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Draw the Angular perspective diagram.
ii) Write the procession of making of Angular Perspective.
Introduction: Ask some questions show the chart and transparencies etc.

PROCEDURE:-
Draw the border line with H. Pencil according to

the previous practice.
Draw the title block.
How to draw a two point perspective
To prepare a two point perspective, proceed as
follows. See fig
1. Draw the ground line GL. The horizon and picture
plane PP.
2. Draw a front view of the object on the ground line
and a top view o. n the picture plane. Revolve the
top view at any convenient angle on the picture
plane
3. Locate the two vanishing points by first drawing lines
from SP to PP so they are parallel to the edge lines of
the top view. Then drop perpendiculars from the
picture plane line to the horizon.
4. Draw visual ray lines from SP to the essential
features of the top view.
5. From the points where the visual ray lines intersect
the picture plane line, drop vertical projects to
intersect the lines drawn to the vanishing points.
Application and Try Out: - Very important to show the preliminary model sketching of a building in
Architecture.
Safety Precautions:
1. Draw the front and top view at proper place.
2. Select the station point on a suitable place.
3. Project the lines accurately.
4. Meet the points and draw the views perfectly.
Special Assignment: Draw the following two point perspective drawing according to instructions.
89
References:
90
Operation: Construction of Multi view drawing of “Gland for stuffing box.” Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Draw the three views of the gland.
ii) Understand the views of the gland.
iii) Show the interior detail of the object with hidden lines.
Introduction: The gland is the main member of the stuffing box. Stuffing boxes are needed to prevent the leakage of
steam or water where a reciprocating or rotating rod passes through the cover of a casing containing fluid under
pressure.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Draw borderlines and letter the title strip.

2. Locate the positions of views from auxiliary
dimensions as given on drawing
3. Draw outside views first and suggest dotted lines
which will appear as invisible.
4. Erase external lines which have been cut away.
5. Section the surfaces in contact with the cutting
plane and draw a cutting plane line in the top view.
9. Darken the lines according to their standard weights.
Application and Try Out: It is important in auto mobile work.
Safety Precautions:
1. Hidden line are usually omitted from sectional views, however, they are drawn as an aid in dimensioning.
Special Assignment: Draw the orthographic views from the given blocks.
91
References:
92
OPERATION SHEET NO.35+36
Operation:- Construction of Multi view drawing of simple bearing. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Construction of Multi view drawing of open bearing. Technology Mechanical
Subject: - MT-163 Basic Engineering Drawing and CAD -1 Time 150 +150 min
i) Draw the three views of simple bearing and open bearing.
ii) Understand which quarter of an open bearing is imagined as removed.
Introduction: It is a device used to support the rotating shafts, which are used to transmit power. Simple/Open
bearing is that type of bearing in which no covering plates or cap is placed to hold the shaft. The projected sides of
the accommodating hole do not permit shaft to come out from the bearing.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Draw border lines and letter the title strip.

2. Locate the positions of front view side view and top
view by measuring distances as shown.
3. Start drawing the front view at top left, side view at
right side and top view at the bottom of front view
as per dimensions.
4. Finish center liens and dimension the views.
5. Finish rounds, fillets and semi-circle, then darken the
liens.
6. Label the views and check the drawing.
Application and Try Out: Bearing is important for supporting the shafts.
Safety Precautions:
1. Increase of vertical distribution of sheet, width of object is takes above and height below to get third angle
projection system.
3. Draw the semi circle first then draw vertical line meeting with its centre lines.
4. Draw the circle / curves carefully.
Special Assignment: Draw the orthographic views from the given blocks.
93
References:
94
Operation:- Missing Lines and Portion on given views – 1 Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Understand the given views.
ii) Complete the missing view with the help of missing lines and given two views.
Introduction: When two views of an object are given, the third one may be located with the help of projection lines
from the given views, for example, side view can be located by taking projections from the front and top views.
Equipment: Drawing table / drawing board, tee-square, set-square, compass and divider.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Draw the margin lines and letter the title strip.

2. Draw the given two views.
3. Label points on the given views.
4. Draw the projection lines from the given views.
5. Joint the respective projection lines and find the
position of 3rd view.
Application and Try Out: Missing lines and views strengthen the imagination of projection theory.
Safety Precautions:
2. Strengthen the final lines by using proper pencils.
Special Assignment: Draw the following missing lines and views.
95
References:
96
Operation:- Missing Lines and Portion on given views – II Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Understand the given views.
ii) Complete the missing view with the help of missing lines and given two views.
Introduction: When two views of an object are given, the third one may be located with the help of projection lines
from the given views, for example, side view can be located by taking projections from the front and top views.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Draw the margin lines and letter the title strip.

2. Draw the given two views.
3. Label points on the given views.
4. Draw the projection lines from the given views.
5. Joint the respective projection lines and find the
position of 3rd view.
Application and Try Out: To improve the concept of multi view drawing missing lines
And missing views are important.
Safety Precautions:
2. Strengthen the final lines by using proper pencils.
Special Assignment: Draw the following missing lines and views.
97
References:
98
Operation: - Development of Prism – I Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Identify prism and its terminology.
ii) Draw development of prism.(any type)
Introduction: A layout of the complete surface of an object is called development. The development of an object
bounded by plane surfaces such as prism and pyramid may be thought of as being obtained by the turning the object.
Making surface development is an important part of industrial drafting. Many familiar items are made with them,
such as pipes, ducts, parts of air craft, automobile, storage tanks, cabinets, office steel furniture, boxes, cartons, food
packages and other items. Material used includes paper, cardboard, plastics steel, tin, copper, G.I and brass sheet,
etc.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Draw two views, front view and top views, of

rectangular prism (A).
2. Label the sides of the base/face of prism as 1-2, 2-3,
3-4, and 4-1.
3. Stretch the base line of front view (B).
4. Mark the sides of the base on line ‘B’ taking true
sizes from top view.
5. Draw perpendicular from each point i.e. 1,2,3,4 and
1.
6. Project the height of the prism from front view.
Application and Try Out: Used in sheet metal and packaging industries.
Safety Precautions:
1. Take true size for development.
2. Show all construction works, which is light, neat and clean.
Special Assignment: Draw the following development of prism.

99
References:
100
Operation:- Development of Hexagonal Prism – II Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Apply the procedure of parallel line development.
ii) Develop any right prism.
Introduction: Before developing the lateral surface of a prism, the true length of the edges and true size of right
sections must be determined. The lateral surface is 'unfolded' by first drawing a ‘stretch out line’ and marking out
width of faces from the top view, along it in succession, from which perpendicular lines are draw to get projection of
height on it.

PROCEDURE:-
1. Draw top view and view of the object.

2. Stretch out the base line and mark width of face 1-
2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, 5-6 and 6-1 on it.
3. Stretch the base line of front view (B).
4. Mark the sides of the base on line ‘B’ taking true
sizes from top view.
5. Draw perpendicular from each point i.e. 1,2,3,4,5,6
and 1.
6. Project the height of the prism from front view.
Application and Try Out: Pipes, ducts, storage tanks, steel furniture’s, food packaging, cartons, and paper
industries used development of various types.
Safety Precautions:
1. All measurements must be true.
2. Show construction with the help of neat, clean and light construction line.
3. All folds must be drawn in object lines.
Special Assignment: Draw the following development of cylinder.

101
References:
102
Operation: Development of Cylinder Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
1) Identify the terminology of Cylinder.
2) Develop development of right Cylinder
Introduction:- When the lateral surface of right cylinder is rolled out on a plane, the base develops into a straight
line. The length of this line is equal to circumference of right section of cylinder (22/7 x diameter). The cylinder is
developed in manner similar for development of right prism.
Material:- Quarter imperial size drawing sheet ( 15x10 or 375mm x 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencil, sharpener, eraser and
self adhesive transparent tape.
Equipment: - Drawing table/drawing board, tee square, set square, compass and divider.
Procedure Key points
1. Draw front view and top view of cylinder.

2. Stretch base line of front view
3. Mark it equal to circumference
4. Draw perpendicular from edges of marked
5. Stretch out the height by taking projection from
front view
6. Strengthen the development with object line
Application and Try Out: used in many geometrical works.
Safety Precautions:
1. Construction work is to be shown in proper lines.
2. Use proper pencil for better line work.
3. All folds must be drawn in object lines
103
Special Assignment: Draw the Development cylinder.
References:
104
Operation: Development of Cone. Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Identify the terminology of right cone.
ii) Develop the lateral surface
Introduction: - The development of a regular right circular cone is a sector of a circle. The development has a
radius equal to slant height of the cone and an included angle at the centre equal to r/s x 360o. In this equation
R is the radius and s is slant height.
The right cone may b developed by dividing the base into equally spaced elements in the top vie and by projecting
these on the base in the front view.
Material: - Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15x10 or 375mm x 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencil, sharpener, eraser
and self adhesive transparent tape.
 Draw top view and front view of the cone
1. Draw an arc taking radius equal to slant height.

2. Calculate the angle at centre using formula
Q=r/sx360 (r= radius of the base and , s= slant
height)
3. Mark the angle Q and finish the development with
object lines.
4. Divide base (Top view) into equal parts.
5. Project these parts in front view.
6. Construction an arc taking radius equal to slant
height.
7. Mark 12 parts 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 to 12-01) on arc.
8. Finish the development by strengthening the out
lines of development as object line.
Application and Try out Widely used in Pipe and sheet metal industry, Paper industry, Packaging etc
Safety Precautions / Care

1. Show all construction lines in thin and light shape.
2. Drawing must be neat and clean.
3. Drawing must be visible.
Special Assignment: Draw the development as per instructions.
105
References:
106
OPERATION SHEET NO. 43, 44
Operation: - Development of Pyramid – 1 & 2 Name: - Amjad Elahi
Time 150 min
i) Identify the terminology of pyramid.
ii) Construct true length diagram
iii) Develop development of right pyramid
Introduction: - To develop the lateral surface of right pyramid. It is first necessary to determine the true length of
the edges and the true size of the base. After this the development may be constructed by laying out the faces in
successive order with their common edges joined.
Material: - Quarter imperial size drawing sheet (15x10 or 375mm x 250mm), H, H2, H3 pencil, sharpener, eraser and
self adhesive transparent tape.
1. Draw top view and front view of the right pyramid. Fig.
2. Draw a horizontal line aH1 from vertex/apex point
in top view.
3. From centre aH and radius aH1 cut horizontal line at
1.
4. Project 1 to lr on the stretched base line.
5. Joint AF and lr to get true length.
6. Take a centre point AD and construct an arc of AF
(true Length) radius.
7. Mark 1D-2D=1-2, 2D-3D=3-4 and 4D-1D=4-1 with
the help of compass.
8. Join AD, 1D, 2D, 3D, 4D and 1D to make four
triangles, the development.
Note : Similarly draw a Hexagonal pyramid
Application and Try out Pipe and sheet metal industry, Paper industry, Packaging etc
Safety Precautions / Care

1. Show all construction lines in thin and light shape.
2. Drawing must be neat and clean.
3. Development must be visible.
Special Assignment: Draw the development as per instructions.
107
References:
108
CAD-I
(AutoCAD)
MT-163
LESSON PLANS
Table of Contents
Introductory of auto CAD 1
Introduction of auto CAD (user interface) 3
User interface (layer management) 5
Drawing and edit 7
Drawing and editing 9
Draw and Edit 11
Layers 13
Dimensions and symbols 15
Dimension and Symbols 17
Drawing Layout 19
LESSON PLAN

Introductory of auto CAD Name:
Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Basic Eng. Drawing & CAD 1 Time:
1) Introduce the student with auto CAD
2) Give meaning and history of auto CAD
3) Need of auto CAD in modern
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:- Expected Entry behaviors
1. Explain word auto CAD

2. Previous version of auto CAD
3. Importance of auto CAD
4. Different coordinate systems

1. Introduction of auto CAD:-  Software used to make drawing

on computer
2. Meaning of auto CAD:-

 Auto for auto desk(a drawing
software making company) as
Microsoft
 CAD means computer aid

drafting/ design
3. History of CAD:-
 Previous version of CAD
1
4. Importance of auto CAD Need of cad due to the following
reasons in work quality
Faster , accurate, modifiable, saving

time labor speed , neatness of
duplication, design calculations,
standardized drawings,
5. Coordinate systems Absolute coordinates, rotate

coordinate system, relative polar
coordinates, direct distance entry
6. Summary of lesson 01 Write down the steps for making

above drawing in all four coordinate
systems.
Testing & Follow Up:- (to see if leaner accompanied information or skill) Class work:
Meaning of auto CAD ___________
Name different coordinate systems? ___________
Special Assignment:- (Usually home work)

Make an assignment of the comparison of coordinate systems______
_________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:- A power point presentation of auto CAD and projector_____________
_________________________________________________________
Auto CAD 2010 by auto desk _______

Auto CAD _2010 TUTORIAL first level 2D fundamental_________
2
LESSON PLAN

Introduction of auto CAD (user interface) Name:
Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Time:
Basic drawing and CAD 1
1) Familiarize the student with CAD

2) Achieve ability to draw simple drawing.
1. Explain the user interface

2. Knowledge about template.
3. Lawyers and their uses.

User interface Similar look to auto CAD
Parts of user interface Application menu and quick access

toolbar.
 Ribbon
 Drawing area
 Command window
 Status bar
 Info center and
 Menu bar
 Work space
3
 Add or remove tabs  Panel visibility
 Panels  Panel tool visibility
2-Template  Definition
 Purpose and benefit of drawing

temple file
 Create a new template file
1) Describe the parts of user interface ____________
2) Define the template and its purpose ____________

Draw user interface and label its parts ___________________
____________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector_________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Auto CAD mechanical 2010 (auto desk official training guide) ______
___
4
LESSON PLAN

User interface (layer management) Name:
Engineering drawing and CAD1
1) Describe the layer management
2) Explain the process for managing layer using mechanical layer management

Layer management
Definition and purpose
Layer manages options
How layer management system
 Current layer works
 Make a layer current
 Turn a layer current
 Turn a layer on or off
 Freeze layer
5
 Lock or unlock layer
 Make a layer potable or non potable
 Move object from one layer to another
 Make a layer current by selecting an

object
Description about layer manager ______ _____
__________________________________________________________

State layer management ______
___________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector _____________

___________________________________________________________

Auto CAD 2010(Autodesk) ______
___________________________________________________________
6
LESSON PLAN

Drawing and edit Name:
Engineering drawing and CAD 1
1) Understand the object snap
2) Understand the object properties
1. Concept of object snap Matric with science

2. Understand object properties

Object snap Concept
To specify precise location objects
E.g.
Draw a line from the center of a circle
Provides a visual clue
Auto snaps
Object snap settings
 End point Explain the settings
 Mid point
Show on multimedia projector
7
 Center
 Node
 Quadrant
 Intersection
 Extension
 Perpendicular etc
Object properties Definition

 Color
 Layer
 Line weight
What do you mean by object snap? _____________
___________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector _______________

___________________________________________________________

Auto CAD 2010(auto desk) ______
__________________________________________________________
8
LESSON PLAN

Drawing and editing Name:
Drawing and CAD 1
After completing lecture students will
Understand the function of different draw
Commands
Learning about
1.draw lines, arcs , rectangle
2.draw ellipse and elliptical arcs
3.draw polygon like hexagon
4.draw poly lines and do nut

Introduction about draw command Show Icons

 To draw a straight line between
Function of following draw commands points
 To draw curved lines between
 Line points
 Arc  Draw rectangle and square with
 Rectangle many options
 Ellipse and elliptical arc  To draw ellipse or elliptical arc.
9
 Polygon To draw polygons of any number of
sides
 Poly lines
Draw two dimensional poly lines
 Donut
To draw inner and outer dia circle
 Spine
Draw quadratic or cubic spline
 Circle
To draw circle with many options
 Ray
To draw an infinite line around a point
 M line on 360
 X line
Draw multiple parallel lines
To draw an infinite lines
Ask about the function of different draw commands? ______
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector

___________________________________________________________

Auto CAD 2010(auto desk)
___________________________________________________________
10
LESSON PLAN

Draw and Edit Name:
Engineering drawing and CAD 1
1) Know use of editing commands
1. Move , copy, offset, break

2. Fillet, chamfer, trim, extend
3. Erase, stretch, rotate, mirror
4. Array, scale, measure, divide

Function of editing commands

To remove the object from the
State the following editing commands present position to the new one.
Move
 Copy To make multiple copies of an existing

object
 Offset To draw parallel lines, concentric

circles, arcs, curves, rectangles
 Break To break an object from one or many

locations and break between two
points.
To erase the selected object

 erase
11
 Fillet To make smooth round arc to connect
two points
 Chamfer To make taper corners avoiding sharp
corners
To extend lines up to a given location
 Extend To rotate any object on any angle
about 360
 Rotate To make a mirrored object from any
line
 Mirror To make a multiple copies an x and y
axis or polar 360 (rectangular or
 Array circular)
To change the size of an object
The divide command is used to
 Scale
Divide and object into no of segments
 divide without breaking.
Function of different editing commands _____________
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector ______

Auto CAD (auto desk) ______
___________________________________________________________
12
LESSON PLAN

Layers __ Name:
Engineering and drawing CAD 1
Describe the creation and modifying layer
1. Set up layer and assign color and line

2. type to them

 Concept of layers  Concept of overlays in manual
drafting
 Different details on different
sheets or overlays
 Placed a top of each other
complete
 In auto cad instead of overlays
you use layers
 Creating new layers  Select a new button

 A new layer with name layer and
having properties is created
 Can change or edit layer name by
selecting and editing a new name
 Assigning line type or color

 You can assign the line type to
dress and any color to a new
layer
13
 Making a layer current Select the name of the desired layer
and then select the current button
 Controlling display of layers

You can control the display of layer by
selecting the layer and then selecting
the on / off , flow / freeze, unlock/
lock, toggle icons of any layer
 Deleting layers
 Selective display of layer
 Setting layer from command line
Explain the function of layers? _____________
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia projector ______

__________________________________________________________

Auto CAD by Autodesk ______
___________________________________________________________
14
LESSON PLAN

Dimensions and symbols Name:
Drawing and CAD1
Understand the need of dimensioning in drawing
1. Fundamental dimensioning terms

2. Select dimensioning command in auto
CAD
3. Create, linear, aligned, rotated,
baseline, and continue dimensions

Need for dimensioning  Definition
 Make designs more informative
and practical
Dimensioning in auto CAD  Auto cad calculate the size itself
 Dimension lines
Dimensioning terms
 Dimension text
 Arrows
 Extension lines
 Leader
 Center marks and center lines
Selecting dimensioning commands
15
 Linear dimensioning
 Horizontal and vertical

dimensioning
 Aligned dimensioning Inclined objects not parallel to x or y-

axis
 Baseline dimensioning
 Continue dimensioning
 Angular dimensioning
 Center marks and center lines
 Diameter dimensioning
 Drawing loader lines
What is dimensioning & its techniques. ____________
____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia Projector ______

___________________________________________________________

Auto CAD (Auto desk) ______
___________________________________________________________
16
LESSON PLAN

Dimension and Symbols Name:
Understand the editing in Dimensioning
and create Symbols
1. Edit Dimensions Matric With Science

2. Stretch, Extend and Trim Dimension
3. Update Dimensions
4. Annotations and Symbols

 Editing Dimensions Edit, Stretch, Arrange, Align, Join and
Break Dimensions
Move Existing Dimensions
Validate and modify Dimensions
 Edit Multiple Dimensions We can modify multiple dimensions

We can create a selection set of
dimensions and edit them together.
 Stretching Objects with We can modify the length or positions

dimensions of dimensions objects.
 Arranging Dimensions
Used to rearrange linear and
coordinate dimensions.
 Aligning Dimensions
Can align dimensions lines arrow
heads and text for group of
dimensions.
17
 Breaking dimension lines With Break command, Break Crossing
dimensions lies
 Joining Dimensions
Can combine multiple dimensions into
a single dimension
Can join also linear, align and angular
dimensions.
 Splitting Dimensions We can split a dimension into two

dimensions with insert command
 Annotations and symbols Feature control frame identifiers,

welds symbols and surface texture
symbols are the type of annotations.
These are the industry standard for
defining their configurations contents
and appearance.
Explain dimension editing command _____
__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia Projector _______

___________________________________________________________

AutoCAD Mechanical by Autodesk ______
___________________________________________________________
18
LESSON PLAN

Drawing Layout. Name:
Subject (Course Title) MT-163 Basic Time:
Engineering Drawing and cad
Creating drawing sheets.
1. Create layout views of model space

geometry.
2. Create production- ready drawing
sheets in model space.

10 Layouts.  Layouts are an environment used

to output your drawing data.
 In layout you select paper size to
plot and set its scale to full scale
(1: 1)
 You create view parts on the
layout to view different model
space geometry at specified scale
factors.
View port /scale area.
5 Creating model views in layouts.
19
Options view port/scale area. Circle
5 Border
Object
Specific area at larger scale to show

5 Creating detail view in layouts.
enlarged areas of geometry.
5 Detail view creation options
10 Creating view ports
From scale area.
Zooming all viewports to defined

scales.
Viewports layer On / off creating

drawing sheets.
Explain the use of layouts and view ports ______
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
Tools Material & Aids:- Multimedia Projector ______

___________________________________________________________

Auto Cad Mechanical Auto Desk ________
___________________________________________________________
20
21
CAD-I
(AutoCAD)
MT-163
OPERATION SHEETS
Table of Contents
Starting AutoCAD & user Interface 1
Understand Zoom, Pan and Orbit 3
Object snap, Grid, Orthogonal 5
Layer and object Property 7
Construction Line and Centre Line 9
Save AutoCAD Mechanical (Saving your work) 11
Line and Poly Line 13
Circle, Arc, and Ellipse command 15
Rectangle and polygon command 17
Dimension and Hatching command 19
Text Command 21
Copy, Mirror Command 23
Offset and Scale Command 25
Move and Rotate Command 27
Trim and Extend Command 29
Join and Break Command 31
Fillet and Chamfer Command 33
Explode Command 35
Exercise of Basic Drawing 37
Exercise of Mechanical Drawing 39

Operation Sheet No.1
Operation /job: -Starting AutoCAD & user Interface. Name:

Subject: - MT 163 Basic Engineering Drawing CAD-I Technology: Mechanical
Objectives: - Understand starting AutoCAD. Time & Date:
Understand title bar, Menu Bar, Ribbon, status bar & command line.
Introduction, Preparation & Motivation: -
Auto CAD is the need of present age. Drawings are prepared rapidly.
Machines/Equipment/ Tools/ Materials: -

Computer with Auto CAD 2010.
Steps/Procedure/method Key Points/Precautions For Skillful Performance
1. Turn on Computer
2. Click all Programs.
3. Click AutoCAD or Double click on AutoCAD

Icon from desktop.
4. See title bar on top of AutoCAD screen.
5. There is Menu Bar and ribbon below title

Bar.
6. See Draw Area, status bar, Browser and

command line.
Application and Try out: All students try to open AutoCAD program.
Safety Precautions / Care:
1. Click on AutoCAD icon twice in a moment.

2. Shutdown computer properly.
3. Don’t use USB or CD/DVD without scanning.
Special Assignment: Draw user Interface on a paper and show AutoCAD screen parts .
1
Drawing/Diagram/Sketch:
References: AutoCAD Mechanical 2010 by Autodesk.
2
Operation /job: -Understand Zoom, Pan and Orbit. Name:

Objectives: - 1) Understand Zoom option uses. Time & Date:
2) Understand uses of Pan & orbit.
We can reduce, enlarge, move & rotate view of drawn objects.

Computer with AutoCAD 2010.
Zoom:-
1. Invoke the Zoom command.
2. Pick a point in the drawing window (LMB), press
and drag up to zoom in and down to zoom out.
3. Right-click (RMB) to access the shortcut menu
and select Exit.
PAN:-
1. Invoke the Pan command.
2. Pick a point in the drawing window (LMB), press
and drag to pan the view.
3. Right-click (RMB) to access the shortcut menu
and pick Exit.
Orbit:-
1. Rotate the drawing three dimensionally.
Application and Try out: Draw simple object and try zoom, Pan & orbit.
1. Always use right option for zoom.

2. Pan the object within drawing window.
3. Shut down the computer properly.
Special Assignment: Class practice.
3
4
Operation /job: -Object snap, Grid, Orthogonal. Name:

Objectives: - Understand the use of object snap, grid & orthogonal. Time & Date:

We can save our effort and time by using these option.

Grid (F7):-
1. This switch turns the Grid ON and OFF. The Grid
is a visual tool, the dot lines act as a graph that
can be used as a graph that can be used as
reference lines in drawing.
Orthogonal(F8):-
1. Use Ortho (for orthogonal) ON when dragging
the mouse to:
2. Draw straight lines
3. Move, Copy, or Mirror objects along a linear
plane
4. Rotate objects in 90-degree increments.
5. ORTHO is either ON or OFF and does not have a
Settings option.
Object Snap(F3):-
1. When Object Snap (OSNAP) is ON, the cursor will
always gravitate
2. To specified points on objects in the drawing.
Unlike SNAP, which follows a grid pattern, OSNAP
refers to objects in the drawing and will display
object snap markers.
Application and Try out: Draw given drawing by using Object snap, Grid, Orthogonal.
1. Use orthogonal command to draw lines at right angles.

2. Always turn off the running object snap modes selection and click on your desired option.
Special Assignment: Make drawing and save it.
5
6
Operation /job: -Layer and object Property. Name:

Objectives: - Setup layers & assigns colors & line type to them. Time & Date:

Layers are useful for some editing operation e.g. if you want to erase all dimension draw it on a separate
layer.

To make a Layer current:
1. Select the down arrow in the Layer list.

2. Select the layer (name) to make it current.
To change a Layer state:
1. Select the down arrow in the Layer list.

2. Select the desired option: On/Off, Freeze/Thaw,
Lock/Unlock, Plot/no plot.
To move objects from one Layer to another:
1. With the Command Line blank (press Escape),

select the objects to change.
2. Select the down arrow in the Layer list. And
select the desired layer.
3. Press Escape two times to deselect the object
and cancel the grips.
Application and Try out: Practice the above layer commands.
Safety Precautions / Care: Use different colors for different layers.
Special Assignment: Class practice.
7
8
Operation /job: -Construction Line and Centre Line. Name:

Objectives: - Understand Construction Line and Centre Line. Time & Date:

Construction lines help to make a drawing quickly.

Construction Line:-
1. Click Home tab Draw panel Construction Line. Or

At the command prompt, enter xline.
2. Specify a point to define the root of the
construction line.
3. Specify a second point through which the
construction line should pass.
4. Continue to specify construction lines as needed.
5. All subsequent xlines pass through the first point
specified.
6. Press ENTER to end the command.
Center Line:-
1. Start the Center line command.

2. Specify the center line start point.
3. Specify the center line end point.
Application and Try out: Draw the Construction Lines and Centre Lines.
Safety Precautions / Care: Always turn off the computer after closing all application.
9
Special Assignment:
10
Operation /job: -Save AutoCAD Mechanical (Saving your work). Name:

Objectives: - Understand saving work. Time & Date:

Like other documents we can also save our drawing for further use & record.

Saving your work:-
1. We can use many options to save our work such

as save, save as and Q save. Command : Save, Save as
2. Save command can be entered at command

prompt or from File (pull down menu or from
menu browser).
3. Invoke save command requires the file name /

folder name and location of folder in which
drawing is being saved.
Application and Try out: Draw a simple drawing and save it.
Safety Precautions / Care:Use save command during working often some appropriate time and often
once saving your work use Q save button after doing some work again and again.
11
Special Assignment: Make drawing and save it.
30
50
12
Operation /job: -Line and Poly Line. Name:

Objectives: - Perform Line and Poly Line commands. Time & Date:

Lines are used to show the shape of any object.

Line:-
Toolbar Menu : Draw / Line

Pull Down Menu: Draw / Line
Command : LINE
Alias :L
A line is defined by two points.
1. Specify the first point then specify the next
point.
2. Type c to close two or more line segments.
Poly Line:-
1. Invoke the Pline command.

2. Specify a start point.
3. Type W for width (and <ENTER»
4. Specify a starting width (and <ENTER» and
an ending width (and <ENTER»
5. Specify the next point, using the methods
learned in drawing line segments.
6. Type L (and <ENTER» to return to the Line
mode.
7. Type C (and <ENTER» to Close the polyline.
Application and Try out: Draw a simple drawing and save it.
Safety Precautions / Care: Use save command during working often some appropriate time and often
Special Assignment: Make drawing of poly line.
13
14
Operation /job: -Circle, Arc, and Ellipse command. Name:

Objectives: - Perform Circle, Arc, and Ellipse commands. Time & Date:

Mostly drawing have Circle, Arc, and Ellipse .

Circle:-
1. Begin the Circle command, and pick the
center point.
2. Type the radius, or press <ENTER> and select
the Diameter option. Then type the
diameter.
Arc:-
1. Begin the Arc command, from the Toolbar to
draw a 3-point arc, or select one of the Arc
options from the Pull-Down Menu.
Ellipse:-
1. Begin the Ellipse command.
2. Pick a center point.
3. Pick a second point to indicate one axis end
of the ellipse.
4. Move the mouse in a perpendicular direction
from the second point to set the second axis.
5. Enter a radius distance or select a point.
Application and Try out: Draw the above diagrams.
15
Safety Precautions / Care: Use save command during working often some appropriate time and often
Special Assignment: Make following drawing.
16
Operation /job: -Rectangle and polygon command. Name:

Objectives: - Perform Rectangle and polygon commands. Time & Date:

We can draw any number of side of polygon by polygon command .

Rectangle:-
To draw a rectangle by picking opposite
corners:
1. Begin the rectangle command, and pick the
first comer.
2. Drag the mouse and pick the opposite
comer.
To draw a rectangle using coordinates:
1. Begin the rectangle command, and pick the
first comer.
2. Type '@5,3' to create a 5 x 3 rectangle
Polygon:-
1. Begin the Polygon command. Type the
number of sides, and press <ENTER>.
2. Specify the center of the Polygon.
3. Determine whether it is Inscribed (I) or
Circumscribed (C) about the radius of the
circle.
4. Specify the radius.
Application and Try out: Practice these commands.
1. Beginner should ignore the other rectangle option which appears at command line.
2. Always type I for in and C for cicum polygon.
17
Rectangle:-
Polygon:
18
Operation /job: -Dimension and Hatching command. Name:

Objectives: - Perform Dimension and Hatching commands. Time & Date:

Without dimensioning drawing is incomplete.

For Linear or Aligned dimensions:

1. Select the desired dimension command.
2. Use the appropriate Object Snaps to select the
dimension line origin points. Drag the
cursor and pick the dimension location. Note: To
dimension a single line segment, press
<ENTER>, then select the line.
For Radius, Diameter, or Center Mark
dimensions:
1. Select the desired dimension command.
2. Pick the Circle, Arc, or Line to dimension. Drag the
cursor and pick the dimension
location. Note: Center Mark will simply be placed at
the center.
For Baseline or Continued Dimensions:
1. Begin by placing a Linear, Aligned or Angular
Dimension, using Object Snaps to select
the origin points.
2. Invoke the Baseline or Continued Dimension. Using
Object Snaps, pick the next
dimension line origins. When finished, press <ENTER>
Safety Precautions / Care: Select appropriate object to pick the origin points.
19
20
Operation /job: -Text Command. Name:

Objectives: - Perform Text command. Time & Date: ______

Show the different style of text.

Single Line Text:

1. Begin the Single Line Text command by typing
DT (and <ENTER».
2. Pick a start point in the Drawing Window.
3. Type the text height, or press <ENTER> to
accept the default Text height.
4. Press <ENTER> to accept the default rotation
angle (0) or type a new angle.
5. Type the first line of text. Press <ENTER>.
Type the second line of text. Press <ENTER>
twice to complete the d text command.
Multiline Text:-
1. Invoke the Multiline Text command by typing
T or selecting the icon from the draw toolbar.
2. Specify Text area by picking the first corner,
then the opposite comer in the drawing
Window.
3. Type the Multiline Text Editor Dialog box.
4. Select OK to exit.
Safety Precautions / Care: Use single line text for few words and Multiline text for a paragraph.
21
22
Operation /job: -Copy, Mirror Command. Name: ______

Objectives: - Perform Copy, Mirror command. Time & Date: ______

Copy command reduces the time to draw we can get multiple copies of same object.

Copy:-
1. Invoke the Copy Command.
2. Select the objects to Copy, and press <ENTER>. Command : copy
3. Pick a point on or near the object as the base Alias : co or cp
point.
4. Drag the mouse and pick the location for the
copied object.
5. Press <ESC> to exit the command or right click
and select <ENTER>.
Mirror:-
1. Invoke the Mirror Command.
2. Select the objects to mirror and press <ENTER>.
3. Pick the first point of the mirror line. Drag the
mouse and pick the second line. Command : Mirror
4. At the prompt Delete source objects? [Yes/No] Alias : MI
<N>, press <ENTER> to accept the default or type
Y to delete the source objects.
1. Press enter often selecting the object for copy.

2. Be careful at the propt delete source object.
23
24
Operation /job: -Offset and Scale Command. Name:

Objectives: -Perform Offset and Scale command. Time & Date: ______

Show these command.

Offset Command:-
1. Invoke the Offset Command.
2. Type the Offset distance.
3. Select the object to Offset, then pick the side
to offset the object.
Scale Command:-
1. Invoke the Scale Command.
2. Select the objects to Scale, and press
<ENTER>.
3. Pick a base point on or near the object.
4. Type the Scale Factor and press <ENTER>.
1. Before selecting the object in offset command type offset distance first.
2. Type scale factor carefully while using scale command.
25
26
Operation /job: -Move and Rotate Command. Name:

Objectives: - Perform Move and Rotate command. Time & Date:

Show function these command.

Move Command:-
1. Invoke the Move Command.
2. Select the objects to Move and press <ENTER>.
3. Pick a point on or near the object for the base
point.
4. Drag the mouse and pick the new location or
use absolute, relative coordinates, polar
coordinates, or the direct distance method to
relocate the object.
Rotate Command:-
1. Invoke the Rotate Command.
2. Select the objects to rotate, and press <ENTER>.
3. Pick a base point on or near the object.
4. Type the rotation angle or drag the mouse and
pick the rotation angle.
1. For move command select the object first and press enter.
2. For rotate command choose the rotation angle carefully.
27
28
Operation /job: -Trim and Extend Command. Name:

Objectives: - Perform Trim and Extend command. Time & Date: ______


Trim Command:-
1. Invoke the Trim command.
2. Select the cutting edges, and press <ENTER>.
3. Select the objects to trim.
Extend Command:-
1. Invoke the Extend command.
2. Select the boundary edges, and press
<ENTER>.
3. Select the objects to extend towards the
boundary edge.
1. An object must be crossed by the cutting edge to be trimmed.

2. Select the object to extend anywhere on the half that is closest to the boundry
29
References: AutoCAD Mechanical 2010 by Autodesk
30
Operation /job: -Join and Break Command. Name: ______

Objectives: - Perform Join and Break command. Time & Date: ______


Join Command:-
1. Invoke join command.
2. Select the objects first.
3. Select the 2nd object Command : JOIN
4. Press <ENTER>. Alias :J
Break Command:-
1. Invoke Break command. Command : break
2. Select the boundary edges Alias : Br
3. If we want a gap in a continuous line the select
the 2nd point and press enter.

The point to join must not so far.
Break the line carefully.
31
32
Operation /job: -Fillet and Chamfer Command. Name: ______

Objectives: - Perform Fillet and Chamfer command. Time & Date: ______


Fillet Command:-
1. Begin the Fillet command.
2. To change the current radius, type R (and
<ENTER». Type the desired radius (and <ENTER». Command : Fillet
Press <ENTER> to repeat to the Fillet command. Alias :F
3. Select the first object, then select the second
object.
Chamfer Command:-
1. Invoke Chamfer command.
Command : Chamfer
2. Select the chamfer angle or 1st and 2nd distances
for chamfer.
3. Select the 1st object and then select the 2nd
object.
Safety Precautions / Care: Do not set the radius to fillet parallel lines.
33
34
Operation /job: -Explode Command. Name:

Objectives: - Perform Explode command. Time & Date:


Explode Command:-
1. Begin Explode command
2. Select the object to explode with pick loss and
press <Enter> Command : Explode
3. Now check the object by selecting by selecting it,
it would be divided into several objects.
Safety Precautions / Care: Think carefully before exploding the object.
35
36
Operation /job: -Exercise of Basic Drawing. Name:

Objectives: - Perform several Exercise of Basic Drawing. Time & Date:

Show Exercise of Basic Drawing.

1. Draw the construction of given object.

2. Dimension objects
3. Add test to objects and save them.
Application and Try out: Practice all commands.
Safety Precautions / Care: Draw the objects one by one.
37
38
Operation /job: -Exercise of Mechanical Drawing. Name: ______

Objectives: - Perform several Exercise of Drawing. Time & Date: ______

Show Exercise of Mechanical Drawing.

1. Draw the given object.

2. Dimension objects
3. Add test to objects and save them.
Application and Try out: Practice all commands.
Safety Precautions / Care: Draw the objects one by one.
39
References: AutoCAD Mechanical 2010 by Autodesk
40

DAE Mechanical Technology Basic Engineer PDF

Caricato da

Informazioni sul documento

Descrizione originale:

Titolo originale

Copyright

Formati disponibili

Condividi questo documento

Condividi o incorpora il documento

Opzioni di condivisione

Hai trovato utile questo documento?

Questo contenuto è inappropriato?

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

DAE Mechanical Technology Basic Engineer PDF

Caricato da

Copyright:

Formati disponibili

DAE Mechanical Technology

Basic Engineering Drawing &

NAVTTC / TEVTA/ JICA

Application of Technical Drawing 1

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 01(A)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors

Time TOPICS, NOTES (Brief) Key points/Reminders/Sketch

INTRODUCTION Graphic/universal language  Drawing is a method to describe

Imagination: What do you think  Someone has said “a picture is

Communication: 9/2 Gift of creative imagination is more

Communication levels. Ref. (19---23/2) Begins idea in the mind of Engineer or

Level two:- (Technical communication  Designer and Engineer gives a sketch

Especially useful in Architecture

These drawing must be complete so that

Inventor is a creator who gives the idea.

Drafting (common) Refer to all the following types of

Drafting Technology. Tools & technologies used by designers,

Technical Drawing  Broad terms which expresses

A technical drawing made with drafting

A mechanical drawing used by the

Graphic illustration/drawing that

A method for solving special and

Interactive design tool used to produce

Most commonly used to mean

Basic Drafting A beginning course in the basic language

Communication method Most important form

Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Tools Material & Aids:-

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan page 15 to 46

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 01(B)

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors

Time TOPICS,NOTES (Brief) Key points/Reminders/Sketch

I. Free hand Without instruments.

1.4 Forms of Instrumental Drawing

b) Pictorial drawing  Axonometric

Common drawing forms.

Describe different fields where

1.4 Application of Technical Drawing

Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Tools Material & Aids:-

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

Drafting Fundamentals by Scott, Foy, Schwendan page 15 to 46

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 02__

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors

Time TOPICS, NOTES (Brief) Key points/Reminders/Sketch

1. -Drawing Board/Table/Machine Size , use, quality of manufacturing

01 6- Sharpener (Small, Large) Sharpening machine.

01 7- Protractor (Round, Semi Circle) For making angles

04 8- Pencils(H-9H, B-6B,HB,F) Wooden case, Metal or Plastic case.

04 9- Scale Metric, decimal, Architecture Civil Engg. Scale, Mechanical Engg.Scale.

01 11- Drafting tape (Paper, Scotch)

01 12- Dusting Brush.

02 13- Drafting Media (Reproduction) Drawing Paper, Tracing Cloth ,Paper(vellum)

01 14-Lettering device Film (Polyester Plastics)

01 17- French curves or irregulars revisions.

Special Assignment: - (Usually home work)

Sketch the drawing instruments with parts name.

Tools Material & Aids:-

Reference: - (Author, title, publisher, page or chapter number, date of publication)

TITLE OF TOPIC (Short, Description) Lesson No: 03_

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: - Expected Entry behaviors