ISRO ECE Solution of 2006 Question Paper (Series B)

1)
R C
ξ= √
2 L

For critical damping ξ = 1

R C
1= √
2 L

Squaring on both sides

R2 C 4.L 4.2
1=  C= C= 8
4 L R2 12

2)
fr 3 X 106
Quality factor (Q) = = = 300
B.W 10 X 103

3)
V−50 0−V
= -4
6 7

V = 14V
14 = 4 X R
14
R= = 3.5 Ω
4

4)
1
At 3-dB frequencies current is multiplied by of the current at resonant
√2
frequency.
So correct option is B.
5)
f0 = 1000 kHz and given frequency is f = 995 kHz. At f = 995 kHz the current
impedance is capacitive.

6)
F2 −1 10−1 9
F = F1 +  10 +  10 +  10 + 0.9  10.9
G1 10 10

7) In sigma delta ADC, high bit accuracy is achieved by over sampling.

8) After solving the given integral, its value is 1.

9)

Y(n) = x(n-2)

Y(z) = z −2 x(z)
Y(z) 1
=
X(z) z2

1 z−0.5 1
H1 (z)H2 (z) =  H2 (z) =
z2 z−0.8 z2

1 (z−0.8) z−2 −0.8z−3

 H2 (z)=  H2 (z) =
z2 (z−0.5) 1−0.5z−1

So correct option is B
10)

x(n) = {1, 2, −1, 1 }

By definition of z-transformation
∞
x(z) = ∑ 𝑥(𝑛)𝑧 −𝑛
𝑛=−∞

∑ 𝑥(𝑛)𝑧 −𝑛
= 𝑛=−1
= x(-1)z + x(0) +x(1)z −1 + x(2)z −2

= z + 2 - z −1 + z −2

11)

Applying Kirchhoff’s law at point B. Let the potential at point B is V.

v−10 v v+50
+ + =0
5 5 10

VBA = - 6  VAB = 6

12) Solve the circuit. So equivalent capacitance across ab will be 0.2μF

s
13) The transfer function T(s) = is that of a high pass filter.
S+a

1 2π
14) Iav = ∫ (10 + asint)dt
2π 0

a = 1.414

Iav = 10 A.
 1
15) (QNP)α
fs

1
(QNP)1 fs (QNP)1 1
= 1 =2  = 10 log( ) = - 3dB
(QNP)2 (QNP)2 2
2fs

It means quantisation noise decrease by 3dB and –ve sign indicates decrease
in quantisation noise.

16)

In given circuit one Zener diode is forward biased and will behave as a normal
diode. So voltage drop is 0.6 V and another zener diode is a reversed biased
and voltage drop will be 6.3V.

So total output (V0 ) = (6.3 + 0.6)V = 6.9 V

17) Assuming that only X and Y logic inputs are available and their
complements X and Y are not available, then 4 two input NAND gates are
sufficient to implement X⨁Y.

18)

X 0 X1 X 2 ….. X n−1 + X 2 + X 3 + X 5 ….. X n−1 + ….. + X n−2 + X n−1 + X n

19)
1
fmax =
ntpd

1
nt pd = = 100 nsec.
10 X 106
20) Conversion time follows the order as given below:

Dual slope convertor > Successive approximation type > Flash type
convertor

21)

The resolution of D/A converter is approximately 0.4% of its full scale range,
then it is a 8- Bit counter.

22)

In a microprocessor, the resister which holds the address of the next

instruction to be fetched is Program Counter.

23) In microprocessor, WAIT states are used to interface slow peripherals to

the processor.

24)

 A flip-flop is used to store 1 bit of information. True

 Race-around condition occurs in J-K flip-flops when both inputs are 1.
True
 Master salve configuration is used in flip-flop to store 2 bit of info. False
 A transparent latch consists of a D-type flip flop. True

25)

3 x 512 + 7 x 64 + 5 x 8 + 3

After solving this expression you will find the number of 1’s in its equivalent
representation are 9.

26) For emitter–coupled logic, the switching speed is very high because,
transmitter are saturated when conducting.
27) Output of divider is 1 Hz, Schmitt trigger will not change the frequency
1
and flip flop will half the output frequency, Hence output frequency is Hz
2

1
Therefore T =
f

1
T=1 = 2 sec.
⁄2

28) Gray code for 7:

0 1 1 1

0 1 0 0

29) 10 bit A/D converters, the quantisation error is 0.1 %

30) Expression for given circuit is A(BC + D)

31) The Boolean expression for the shaded area in the venn diagram is:

XYZ+XY
32)
1 X 1024 X 8
Number of chips = = 32
256 X 1

33)

Binary representation of +19 in 8 bit is 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1

and 2’s complement of + 19 is -19 and binary representation and its binary
representation is 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1

34) The function shown in figure will yield 7 terms when simplified.

35) Logic circuit given will convert the binary code into Gray Code.

36)

In synchronous counter clock is given to all the flip-flops simultaneously. So

time required to change the state is equal to propagation delay time.

37)

An electromagnetic wave incident on a perfect conductor is Entirely

Reflected.
38)

for a lossless line R =0 and G=0

Z = R + jωL = jωL

Z = G + jωC = jωC

Z 𝐣ωL L
Z0 = √ = √ =√
Y 𝐣ωC C

39)

Reflection coefficient is
ZL − Z0 100−50 50 1
|Γ| = = = =
ZL + Z0 100+50 150 3

1 4⁄
1+|Γ| 1+3 4
3
Therefore VSWR is = 1 = 2⁄ = = 2: 1
1−|Γ| 1−3 3 2

40)

TE wave
All exist in waveguides
TM wave

Both TE and TM waves

So TEM waves does not exist in waveguides.

41)

Bandwidth of FM is given by Carson’s Rule

(B. W)FM = 2(∆f + fm )

2(∆f1 + fm1 ) = 2(∆f2 + fm2 )

fm2 =fm2 = 10 kHz

(∆f1 + 10 kHz) = (∆f2 + 10 kHz)

Therefore:
∆f1 1
= =1:1
∆f2 1

42)

The Bandwidth required for QPSK modulated channel is Half of the BW of

BPSK.

43) Magic T is Four Port junction.

44) Diplexer is made of Both receive filter and transmit filter.

4 πA
45) The gain G of an antenna of effective area A is G=
λ2
46)

z0 = √Zoc . Zsc = √5 x 20 = √100 = 10

47)
λ λ
The input impedance of short circuited line of length l where <l< is
4 2

capacitive.

48) Maximum coding gain occur in Turbo codes.

49) None of these

50) BCH codes belong to block code.

51)

1
Frequency
m(t) ∫ 𝑑𝑡 PM Modulation signal
0

52)

The Doppler shift observed at the ground station, when the satellite is over
the head of the station is Maximum.

53)

According to Shannon’s channel capacity theorem:

C = B log 2 (1 + SNR)

4 log 2 (1 + 15)  4 log 2 (16) = 4 x 4 = 16 kbps.

54)

Pr =|ρ|2 Pi

Where Pr = Reverse Power

Pi = input Power

P = Reflection coefficient
Pr 4
|ρ|2 = =
Pi 100

2 1
|ρ| = =
10 5

1+ |ρ| 1+ 1⁄5 6⁄ 1
5
So VSWR = = = = =1 : 5
1− |ρ| 1− 1⁄5 4⁄
5 5

55)
P0
PdB = 10 log ( ) dB
Pin

P0
30 = 10 log ( )
Pin

P0
= 1000  P0 = 1000 x 10−6 W = 1 x 10−3 W
Pin

P0
P0 (dBm) = 10 log ( ) dBm
10−3

10−3
= 10 log ( ) dBm = 0 dBm
10−3
56)

Pr(dB) = (Pt Gt )dB − Lpath

10 = 10 log Gt

Gt = 10

(Pt Gt )dB = 10 log(100) = 20 dB

Path loss (Lpath ) = 100dB

Pr(dB) = (20 – 100)dBW = -80dBW

57)

At condition of Equilibrium:

⃗P+ ⃗Q + ⃗R = 0

⃗ + ⃗Q)
⃗R = -(P

⃗⃗⃗ − ⃗⃗⃗
⃗R = -(2i 3j − ⃗⃗⃗ 4j − ⃗⃗⃗⃗
3i + ⃗⃗⃗ 2k)

⃗⃗⃗⃗ )  (i − j + 2k
= -(−i + j − 2k ⃗⃗⃗⃗ )
58)

Velocity v
⃗ = ω
⃗⃗ x r // where 𝐫 is a position vector of a moving point

r = xi + yj + zk, and ⃗⃗ = ωk
ω

i j k
⃗ = ω
v ⃗⃗ x r = |0 0 ω|
x y z

= - ωyi + ωxj

i j k
∂ ∂ ∂
Therefore, Curl v = | ∂x ∂y ∂z
| = 2ωk
−ωx ωy 0

But as we know: ω
⃗⃗ = ωk, therefore Curl v = 2ω

59)
1
sin3 2t = (3 sin 2t − sin6t) // sin 3θ = 3sin θ – 4sin3 θ
4

By taking Laplace transformation

1 3x2 6
L(sin3 2t) = ( − )
4 s2 +4 s2 +36

6 1 1
= ( − )
4 s2 +4 s2 +36

6 s2 +36− s2 −4
= ( )
4 (s2 +4)(s2 +36)

6 32
= ( )
4 (s2 +4)(s2 +36)

48
=
(s2 +4)(s2 +36)
60)

cosθ 0 sinθ
| 0 1 0 |
−sinθ 0 cosθ

= cosθ(cosθ – 0) + 0+ sinθ( 0- (-sinθ) )

cos2 θ + sin2 θ = 1

61)
1 1−cos2x
Particular solution = [ ]
D2 +4 2

1 1 1
= [ e0x − cos2x]
2 D2 +4 D2 +4

1 1 x
= [ − cos2x]
2 4 f′ (D)

1 1 x
= [ − cos2x]
2 4 2D

1 x
= − ∫ cos2xdx
8 4

1 x sin2x
= −
8 4 2

General solution: D2 + 4 =0

D = ±2j

=A cos2x + B sin2x
1 x
Y = A cos2x + B sin2x + – sin2x
8 8
62)

For concurrent, coefficient determinant should be equal to 0

2 1 −1
|4 3 −3| = 0
3 k −2

2(-6 + 3k) -1(-8+9) -1(4k-9) =0

2k – 4 = 0

k =2

63)

The probability of both the balls being red is

5c1 4c1
x
10c1 9c1

5 4 2
x =
10 9 9

64)

f(x) = x3 + x sinx

f(-x) = (-x3) + (-x) sin(-x)

=-x3 + xsinx

f(x) + f(-x) = 2x sinx  not an odd function.

f(x) - f(-x) = 2x3  not an even function.

So this is not an periodic function, because

Periodic Function + Non-Periodic Function = Non-Periodic Function

Therefore given function is a constant function.

65)

dx 1 x
∫ x√x2 −a2 = sec −1 ( )
a a

66)

Characteristics equation is A - λI = 0

−5 2 λ 0
[ ]− [ ] = 0
2 −2 0 λ
−5 − λ 2
[ ] = 0
2 −2 − λ

(5+ λ) (2+ λ) – 4 = 0

λ2 + 7λ + 6 = 0

(λ +1) (λ + 6) =0

Therefore λ = -1 and λ = -6

67)
1 3 1
= =
Rtotal 60 20

R total = 20 Ω
68)

V = I XL

50 = 7.96 X 10−3 x 2π x 104 x L

L = 99.97mH ≃ 100mH

69) In a capacitor, the electric charge is stored in metal plates.

70) Oscillator requires positive feedback.

71) Core loss in transformer varies significantly with load.

72)
1 1 1
+ =
18 R 12

1 1 1 3−2 1
= + = =
R 12 18 36 36

So R = 36Ω

73)
L
Time constant of a series R-L circuit is equals to Second
R
74)

V −( t )
For RC circuit i(t) = e RC
R

at t = ∞ (Steady State)

i=0

75)

The given circuit is a High Pass Filter

76)

At low frequency capacitor will be open circuited

−Rf 100 k
Af = | |=| | = 100
R1 1k

Af (dB) = 20 log 100 = 20 log 102 = 40dB

77)
R
R total = and Ctotal = 2C
2

R
Time constant = Rtotal Ctotal = 2C = RC
2
78)
1 1 1 3
Rtotal = + + = = 1Ω
3 3 3 3

V
So I =
R

2
I= = 2A
1

79)

When L is doubled and C is halved, the resonance frequency of series tuned

circuit becomes unchanged.

80)

In a series resonant circuit, with the increase in L

 Resonant frequency will decrease

 Bandwidth will decreases
 Q will increase