Name: ____________________ Class Number: __________

Section: ___________________

Experiment # 1
Experiment Title:
To discuss the Digital Experiment Board and Integrated Circuits (ICs)

Objectives:
• To become familiar with the components of the ETS-5000 Digital experiment board and
other tools used in the digital experiments
• To become familiar with the different types of Integrated Circuits (ICs), their use and
pin number reading.
Equipment Required:
• Digital Experimental Board (ETS 5000)
• 74LS08 (Quad 2-input AND gate IC)
• 74LS32 (Quad 2-input OR gate IC)
Digital Experimental Board

Figure 1.1 Digital Experimental Board

Digital Experimental Board carries all essential elements of circuit patching, no separate
equipment is required. The trainer board consists of many elements but the detailed
description of only those elements is given that are used mostly in logic design experiments.

1) Solder-less Breadboard: AD-222

Breadboard for patching digital circuits is provided on the trainer board. As each circuit has to
be implemented on the breadboard, so a detail description of the breadboard structure is given
below in Figure 1.2.Interconnected nickel plated 2712 tie points, fitted all DIP sizes and all
components with lead and solid wire AWG #22-30 (0.3-0.8mm). It can be changed and replaced
for different purpose and can be connected with demonstration panel, therefore; it is very
convenient for both teachers and students. AD222 solder less breadboard can be easily put into
and taken off. It is a good idea for keeping the individual experiment

Figure 1.2 Breadboard

2) DC power supplies:
(A) Fixed DC output: + 5V, 1A
(B) Fixed DC output: -5V, 300mA
(C) Variable DC output: +3V to +15V, 500mA
(D) Variable DC output: – 3V to – 15V, 500mA
Each one of these output voltage is available at its corresponding pin jack from where it can be
extended through jumper wire to any desired circuit. We will be using +5V in most of our
experiments.

3) Pulse Generator: Sinusoidal and square waveforms within variable

frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz variable. In addition, provision has been
made available for the user to conveniently add a capacitor of suitable
value to the Function Generator circuit in order to get any desired
frequency. Details of pulse generator are given below:
(A) Duty cycle: 50%
(B) Frequency range: 1 Hz – 10Hz
10 Hz – 100Hz
100 Hz – 1 KHz
1 KHz – 10 KHz
10 KHz – 100 KHz
100 KHz – 1MHz
(C) Amplitude: 0-10Vp-p
(D) TTL/CMOS mode output
TTL: + 5V
CMOS: +VDC (depends on the+ VDC output)

4) Logic Switches and Status LEDs: 8 data switches with logic indicators
have been made available on the trainer. Depending on the switch
position, a logic high or logic low becomes available on the corresponding
output socket from where it can be extended through jumper wire to any
digital circuit input and 8 bit LED display will meet the Hl or LO level of
“TTL" or “CMOS"

5) Seven Segment Display: The ETS board has two seven segment
display available to display any decimal digit from 0 to 9.

6) Logic Probe: (A) Set mode selector switch to “TTL” position

Logic Input level Display

Level

LO <0.8±0.2V L

HI >2.3±0.2V H

Open 0.8-2.3V O

Transit LO HI P

(B) Set mode selector switch to “CMOS” position

Logic Input level Display

Level
 LO <30%+VDC±10% L

HI >70%+VDC±10% H

Open 30%-70%+VDC O

Transit LO HI P

(C) Memory: the two points of LED beside 7 segment LED display will keep lighting when they are in
“level transition” (LO Hl or Hl LO)

7) Two Pulser Switches:

(A) A, A-bar, B, B-bar output
(B) Output level: TTL: HI = 5VLO= 0.1V, CMOS: HI = +VDCLO= 0.1V

8) Universal Connector :( optional)

It reserves fixed holders on the panel in order to be connected with various connectors, for example:
(A) Standard accessory: UC-02 RS-232 Connector D connector (25 pin female & male)
(B) Optional accessories:
1. UC-01: Card edge connector 2.54mm 62 pin
2. UC-03: Straight header 60 pin
3. UC-04: Card edge connector 3.96mm 28 pin

Oscilloscope
Oscilloscope is used to observe the change of an electrical signal over time, such that voltage and time
describe a shape which is continuously graphed against a calibrated scale. The
observed waveform can be analyzed for such properties as amplitude, frequency, rise time, time
interval, distortion and others. Modern digital instruments may calculate and display these properties
directly. Originally, calculation of these values required manually measuring the waveform against the
scales built into the screen of the instrument. The oscilloscope can be adjusted so that repetitive
signals can be observed as a continuous shape on the screen. A storage oscilloscope allows single
events to be captured by the instrument and displayed for a relatively long time, allowing human
observation of events too fast to be directly perceptible.
 Figure 1.3: Oscilloscope

Integrated Circuit
An integrated circuit (IC) is a group of components which may include resistors, low value
capacitors and transistors printed on a silicon chip. The individual components of the I.C make
up a commonly used circuit. The circuits can range from simple voltage regulators to audio chips
for a head unit to a microprocessor for a computer. The chip is packaged in a plastic holder with
pins spaced on a 0.1" (2.54mm) grid which will fit the holes on breadboards. Very fine wires
inside the package link the chip to the pins.

Pin Numbers
The pins are numbered anti-clockwise around the IC (chip) starting near the notch or dot. The
diagram shows the numbering for 14-pin ICs, but the principle is the same for all sizes.
Sometimes the chip manufacturer may denote the first pin by a small indented circle above the
first pin of the chip. Remember that you must connect power to the chips to get them to work.

Figure 1.4 74LS04 Inverter

Datasheets
Datasheets are available for most ICs giving detailed information about their ratings and functions. In
some cases example circuits are shown.

Removing a chip from its holder

If you need to remove a chip it can be gently ejected out of the holder with a small flat-blade
screwdriver. Carefully lever up each end by inserting the screwdriver blade between the chip
and its holder and gently twisting the screwdriver. Take care to start lifting at both ends before
you attempt to remove the chip, otherwise you will bend and possibly break the pins.

Logic ICs (Chips)

Logic chips process and there are many devices, including flip-flops, shift registers, counters and
display drivers. They can be split into different groups according to their pin arrangements such
as the 74HC, 74HCT and 74LS.
The table below summarizes the important properties of the most popular logic families:

Table 1-1
74 Series 74 Series 74 Series
Property 4000 Series 74LS
74HC 74HCT

High-speed High-speed CMOS TTL Low-

Technology CMOS TTL compatible
CMOS power Schottky

Power Supply 3 to 15V 2 to 6V 5V ±0.5V 5V ±0.25V

'Float' high to
Very high
Very high impedance. Unused inputs logic 1 if
impedance. Unused
must be connected to +Vs or 0V. Inputs unconnected.
inputs must be
Inputs cannot be reliably driven by 74LS outputs 1mA must be
connected to +Vs or
unless a 'pull-up' resistor is used (s ee drawn out to
0V. Compatible with
below). hold them at
74LS (TTL) outputs.
logic 0.

Can sink and Can sink and

source about Can sink and source Can siup to
source about
5mA (10mA with about
20mA, enough to 16mA (enough to
9V supply), 20mA, enough to light
Outputs light an LED. To light an LED), but
enough to light an an LED. To switch
switch larger source only
LED. To switch larger currents use a
currents use a about 2mA. To
transistor.
transistor. switch larger
 larger currents use currents use a
a transistor. transistor .

One output can One output can

drive up to 50 drive up to 10
CMOS, 74HC or One output can d rive up to 50 CMOS, 74HC
Fan-out 74HCT inputs, but or 74HCT in puts, but only 10 74LS inputs.
74LS inputs or 50
only one 74HCT
74LS input. inputs.

Maximum
about 1MHz about 25MHz about 25MHz about 35MHz
Frequency

Power

consumption A few µW. A few µW. A few µW. A few mW

of the chip itself

Building the Circuit

Throughout these experiments we will use TTL chips to build circuits. The steps for wiring a
circuit should be completed in the order described below:

1. Turn the power off before you build anything!

2. Connect the +5V and ground (GND) leads of the power supply to the power and ground
bus strips on your breadboard.
3. Plug the chips you will be using into the breadboard. Point all the chips in the same
direction with pin 1 at the upper-left corner. (Pin 1 is often identified by a dot or a notch
next to it on the chip package)
4. Connect +5V and GND pins of each chip to the power and ground bus strips on the
breadboard.
5. Select a connection on your schematic and place a piece of hook-up wire between
corresponding pins of the chips on your breadboard. It is better to make the short
connections before the longer ones. Mark each connection on your schematic as you go,
so as not to try to make the same connection again at a later stage.
6. Get one of your group members to check the connections, before you turn the power on.
7. If an error is made and is not spotted before you turn the power on. Turn the power off
immediately before you begin to rewire the circuit.
 8. At the end of the laboratory session, collect hook-up wires, chips and all equipment and
return them.
9. Tidy the area that you were working in and leave it in the same condition as it was before
you started.
Example Implementation of a Logic Circuit

Build a circuit to implement the Boolean function F = A B

Quad 2 Input 74LS00

Hex 74LS04 Inverter

The designed and connected circuit

Figure 1.5: IC’s Mounted on Bread Board

Common Causes of Problems

1. Not connecting the ground and/or power pins for all chips.
2. Not turning on the power supply before checking the operation of the circuit.
3. Leaving out wires.
4. Plugging wires into the wrong holes.
5. Driving a single gate input with the outputs of two or more gates
6. Modifying the circuit with the power on.
NOTE: In all experiments, you will be expected to obtain all instruments, leads, components
at the start of the experiment and return them to their proper place after you have finished the
experiment. Please inform the instructor if you locate faulty equipment. If you damage a chip,
don't put it back in the box of chips for somebody else to use.
Task 1: Check out AND and OR gate circuits. And fill the truth table

Figure 1.6: 2 inputs OR gate

Figure 1.7: 2 inputs AND gate

Lab performed on (date): ___________ Instructor’s Signature: ______________

Marks Awarded: ____________