rs232 与 rs485 口的区别（The difference between

RS232 and RS485 port）

rs232 与 rs485 口的区别(The difference between RS232 and RS485

port)

1, RS-232-C

RS-232-C is a serial physical interface standard developed by

American Electronic Industry Association EIA (Electronic Industry

Association). RS is the abbreviation of

"recommendation standard" in English, "232" is "identification

number" and "C" means the number of modifications. Its full name is

"data terminal equipment (DTE) and data communication equipment (DCE)

between the serial binary data exchange interface technical

standards."". The standard specifies the use of a 25 pin DB-25

connector, which specifies the signal content of each pin of the

connector, as well as the level of the signals. Later, IBM's PC machine

simplified RS-232 into a DB-9 connector, thus becoming the de facto

standard. And industrial control of the RS-232 mouth generally only use

RXD, TXD, GND three lines.

The RS-232-C bus standard has 25 signal lines, including a main

channel and an auxiliary channel. In most cases, the main channel is

used. For general duplex communication, only a few signal lines are

needed, such as a transmission line, a receiving line and a ground wire.

The data rate specified by the RS-232-C standard is 50, 75, 100,

150, 300, 600, 19200, 1200, 2400, 4800, 9600, and Potter per second.
 The standard of RS-232-C, 2500pF drive allows capacitive load,

the communication distance will be affected by the capacitance

limit, for example, by communication cable 150pF/m, maximum

communication distance is 15m; if the capacitance per meter of the cable

is reduced, the communication distance can be increased. Another reason

for the short transmission distance is that RS-232 belongs to single

ended signal transmission, which has common ground noise and can not

suppress common mode interference, so it is generally used for

communication within 20m.

Features of the RS-232-C interface standard:

(1) adopt negative logic, that is, logic 1 is -15V~-5V, logic 0 is

+5V~+15V.

(2) adopt full duplex mode

As the RS-232 interface standards appear earlier, it is inevitable

that there are deficiencies, mainly in the following four points:

(1) the signal level of the interface is higher, and it is easy to

damage the chip of the interface circuit. Because it is not compatible

with the TTL level, it is necessary to use the level conversion circuit

to connect with the TTL circuit.

(2) transmission rate is low, when asynchronous transmission, baud

rate is 20Kbps. Now, because of the new UART chip, 16C550 and so on, the

baud rate reaches 115.2Kbps.

(3) the interface uses a signal line and a signal return line
 to form a common transmission form. This common ground transmission

is prone to common mode interference, so the noise immunity is weak.

(4) the transmission distance is limited, the maximum transmission

distance standard value is 50 meters, actually can only use in 15 meters

or so.

(5) RS-232 allows only one to one communication, while the RS-485

interface allows up to 128 transceivers on the bus.

2, RS-485

The RS-485 serial bus is widely used when the communication distance

is required to reach tens of meters to kilometers. RS-485 uses balanced

transmission and differential reception, so it has the ability to

suppress common mode interference. In addition, the bus transceiver has

high sensitivity and can detect voltages as low as 200mV, so the

transmitted signals can be recovered beyond kilometers.

The RS-485 operates in half duplex mode and can only be transmitted

at any point at any time. Therefore, the transmit circuit must be

controlled by the enable signal.

RS-485 is very convenient for multipoint interconnection, and can

save many signal lines. RS-485 can be networked to form a distributed

system that allows up to 32 drives and 32 receivers in parallel.

In view of the insufficiency of RS-232-C, the new standard

RS-485 has the following characteristics:

(1) the electrical characteristics of RS-485: logic 1 is represented

by voltage difference between two lines +2V~+6V, logic 0 is expressed as

voltage difference between two lines -6V~-2V. The interface signal level

is lower than the RS-232-C, so that the interface circuit chip is not

easy to damage, and the level is compatible with the TTL level, and the

engraving is convenient to be connected with the TTL circuit.

(2) the highest data transfer rate is: 10Mbps;

(3) the RS-485 interface uses a combination of balanced drives and

differential receivers,

Anti - common mode interference capability is strong, that is, good

noise immunity.

(4) the maximum transmission distance of the RS-485 interface is

4000 feet, in fact, up to 3000 meters.

(5) the RS-232-C interface can only be connected to a transceiver on

the bus, namely single station ability; the RS-485 interface on the bus

is only allowed to connect up to 128 transceiver, which has multi

station capacity, so that the user can easily establish a network using

a single RS-485 interface equipment.

3, RS-422

The principles of RS-422 and RS-485 circuits are basically the

same. They are sent and accepted in differential mode without

digital ground wire. Differential work is the root cause of the

transmission distance at the same rate, which is the fundamental

difference between the two and the RS232, because the RS232 is a single

ended input and output, and at least digital ground wire is required for

duplex operation. Send line and accept line three lines (asynchronous
transmission), can also add other control line, complete synchronization

and other functions.

RS-422 can work with full duplex through two pairs of twisted wires,

while sending and receiving does not affect each other, while the RS485

can only work in half duplex, and the reception cannot be done at the

same time, but it requires only one pair of twisted wires. RS422 and

RS485 can transmit 1200 meters under 19kpbs. Connectable device on line

of new transceiver.

The electrical performance of RS-422 is exactly the same as that of

RS-485. The main difference is that RS-422 has 4 signal lines: two send

(Y, Z) and two receive (A, B). Since the RS-422 is separate from the

receiver and the receiver, you can receive and send (Quan Shuanggong) at

the same time. RS-485 has 2 signal lines: send and receive.

The difference between the four and the three

The RS232 is full duplex, the RS485 is half duplex, and the RS422 is

full duplex.

RS485 and RS232 are only physical protocols for communication (i.e.

interface standards). RS485 is a differential

transmission mode, and RS232 is a single ended transmission mode,

but there is not much difference between the

communication procedures. PC has been equipped with RS232, directly

used on the line, and if the use of RS485 communication, as long as the

RS232 port with a RS232 to RS485 conversion head, you do not need to

modify the program.