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Destructive Lightning
Lightning, an universal, permanent and natural phenomenon, causes considerable
damages every year. It costs billions of euros to a country’s economy, and kills thousand of
persons. It is enough destructive in all over the world to concern everybody, all the countries,
regions and fields of activities.
With the coming of high technologies, the omnipresence of components more and more
sensitive and expensive equipment, protect ourselves against the devastating effects of
Lightning, is an evident priority and Franklin France a partner wishful to be.
Leader acknowledged in this field of activity, it obtained the responsibility of the studies and
supply of global solutions for yards the most important in France and abroad.
Certified ISO 9001 version 2000, Franklin France is in constant evolution and takes its
wealth from the quality of its management and its experts. The quality of the product and
the service given to the customer is its credo and the global approach declines by
• The listening and service oriented satisfaction customer with an international logistic
and multilingual teams specialists of import-export.
• The control of the phenomenon with its teams of research, engineering and
installation.
• The training and the advice with its C3F® multilingual training centre, the Franklin
Assistance® service and its "Lightning Risk®" calculus software.
• New products with its Research and Development department and its technological
innovations such as " St Elme® " and "Saint-Elme Active " lightning conductors and
also the "Coaxstop®".
The obtaining of Qualifoudre reference frame in 2005, shows the quality of the services in
4 fields: Studies, Manufacture, Installation and Checking and this, whatever the level of
complexity: Simple cases, intermediates and complexes.
Practical Guide 7
The Lightning Phenomenon 8
• Lightning origins
• The devastating effects of Lightning
• The transient overvoltages
The global Approach to Lightning protection 11
• Lightning and overvoltage protection
• Keraunic level and Lightning density
• Winds map
Lightning Risk Assessment 14
• Lightning protection
• Overvoltage protection
Systems of protection 18
• Lightning protections
• Comparative ESE Lightning conductor – Simple rod
• Principles of installation and earthing systems
• Overvoltage protections
• Principles of installation
Examples of installations / open area sites 27
• Protection by ESE Lightning conductor and energy network
• Protection by meshed cage and Telecom network
• Protection of the transmissions
• Protection of a church
Lightning Products 39
Lightning conductors ®
40
• Saint-Elme Active Lightning conductors
• Saint-Elme Lightning conductors
®
Overvoltage Products 63
Surge Protective Devices for energy networks 65
• Modular Surge Protective Devices
• Surge Protective Device cabinets
• Mobile Protections
• Surge Protective Devices for strategic networks
• Overvoltages Counter and associated products
Surge Protective Devices for TBT networks and low currents 85
• Plug-in Surge Protective Devices in multi-line housings
• Surge Protective Devices for mounting on DIN rail and wall mounting
• Surge Protective Devices for computers and data networks
Surge Protective Devices for coaxial networks 91
• 50 Ω and 75 Ω Coaxstops®
• Quarter wave Coaxstops®
Destructive Lightning
Systems of protection 18
Lightning protections
Comparative ESE Lightning conductor – Simple rod
Principles of installation and earthing systems
Overvoltage protections
Principles of installation
When it is highly charged, the cloud tries to dispel this charge in "exploding": it
discharges with charge exchanges either with the ground (lightning), either with
other clouds or clouds zones (lightning flashes intra or inter-clouds). Millions of
electric charges are then dissipated giving rise to currents, possibly reaching
500 000 A and several millions of volts.
Lightning
It is important to note that currents of 30 mA under voltages of only 50 V can be
dangerous for people, even mortal for values higher than 1 A!
Discharge phenomenon
From the cloud base, generally negatively charged, a low luminosity discharge
known as the tracer, is released. This makes its way to the ground in leaps of
some tens of meters.
As it approaches the ground, the highly charged tip of the tracer causes the
electric field vertically below it to increase considerably. At about 200 m from the
ground, jets of charges or "streamers" are released at points highly prone to
lightning where the electrical field is the more intense (tree tops, chimneys, ~ 0.05 s
lightning conductors, …). The jet is transformed into a positive upward discharge ~ 0.001 s
which goes to meet the dart leader.
The streamer with the best triggering characteristics and which travels most
quickly, will reach the leader and provides the electrical junction cloud-ground with Return
the formation of an ionized channel. This favoured way causes strong electrical stroke
discharge of several amperes named "return stroke".
Tracer
Within the space of 0.2 s to 1 s, several lightning strokes may be exchanged in
continuous progression and at a very high propagation speed.
Dart
leader 100 000 km/s
1 000 km/s
Streamer
8
Practical Guide
The Lightning Phenomenon
The devastating effects of Lightning
Without any appropriate protection, the lightning current propagation can produce
several effects. That is the reason why, it is necessary to arrange protection
according to basic rules, paying attention especially to earthing systems and
interconnections with conductive elements, and to the down conductors and
electrical equipment in the installation (refer p 22).
C1
Luminous effects
The ionization of the air produced by the lightning current provokes numerous
luminous particles, or "photons". It can create an image on the observer’s retina V2
C2 V1
which may leave him dazzled for several seconds before regaining his sight.
Acoustic effects
The current of lightning is at the origin of enormous electro dynamic forces, which
result in a strong rise, in the pressure of the air (2 to 3 atmospheres) in the outfall
channel. The shock wave created or "thunder" can be heard at many kilometres
from the impact point, like rumbling or crackling sounds, according to spectral
distribution and position of the observer.
Electrodynamic effects
Close to the path of lightning current, appears a strong magnetic field creating
voltages and induction current on all conducting elements situated in its sudden
action field. The mechanical forces induced can provoke deformation, twisting,
and destruction, ...
Electrocution effects
As the path of the lightning current can provoke death, the dispersion of lightning
current in heterogeneous soils can create potential differences dangerous to all
live animals and people (pace voltage). These can provoke burns or heart attacks
and respiratory problems.
Thermal effects
Thermal effects or "Joule effect" can create at the impact point the melting of the
materials and even their destruction by explosion when it presents a high humidity
rate or causes fires to start.
Electrochemical effects
These effects are caused by the chemical decomposition of the materials by
electrolytic reactions. Although very negligible and without effect compared to
stray currents in the soil, it appears mainly at the earthing systems level.
9
Practical Guide
The Lightning phenomenon
The transient overvoltages
Overvoltages by conduction
When there is a direct lightning strike on an electrical line or a tower, the current
can propagate and reach all the installations distributed by the line, even if they
are situated at several kilometres from the impact point. These currents are all the
more dangerous as main part of lightning strike energy is "conducted" by the
network.
Coupling
Overvoltages by induction
All the metallic elements situated in an area very near a lightning strike act, as
antennas, which capture by "induction" the sudden variations of the
electromagnetic radiation induced by the lightning. Transient overvoltages and
currents appear then, on all the equipment which is connected with it, of which the
effects are proportional to the strength and the nearness of the lightning strike.
One part of the lightning current is dispersed by the lightning conductor earth,
another part by the installation earth, this is the ground rising conductor. Ground
rising
10
Practical Guide
The global approach to Lightning protection
Lightning and overvoltage protection
A lightning conductor installation on a building is not a sufficient protection against lightning. Indeed, the lightning conductor installation
only protects structures and people against lightning impacts ("direct effects"). More over, the part of the lightning strike current
captured by a lightning conductor is dissipated in the installation earth. Lightning on or near an installation is at the origins of the
transient overvoltages (" indirect effects") which can be very dangerous for the equipment.
Global approach
A protection is efficient and reliable when all the phenomenons are considered for avoidance:
- direct lightning strikes (direct effects),
- indirect effects like ground rising conductors, induced currents, …
- ground defects and establishment of potential differences between points close to the installation.
The protection can be done only in the case of the global approach to lightning, which supposes the control of all the stages, such as:
- risk assesment,
- studies to define protection devices appropriate to each situation and its mode of installation,
- protection device installation in compliance to the code of practice and the final use of the installation.
Lightning protection
The lightning protection or the "direct effects" consist in:
- capturing the lightning, which constitutes a preferential impact point capture device, natural or specific (Franklin lightning conductor,
meshed cage or tight strand),
- flowing the lightning current helping its path to earth,
- running out the current of the lightning to the ground by ensuring its dispersion in the ground, with an "earth electrode lightning
conductor".
Overvoltage protection
The transient overvoltage protection or the " indirect effects" consist in:
- preventing the lightning current from reaching the equipment, directing it to the earth, with surge protective devices like a barrage
which stops and channels the water flow,
- keeping a residual voltage compatible with the protected equipment,
- flowing and discharging the current to earth.
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11
Practical Guide
The global approach to Lightning protection
Keraunic level and Lightning density
The study of a lightning protection requires a study of the local geographical conditions, especially the exposure degree of the structure
- to the lightning risk to assess the "potential for risk" useful in the specification of protection devices,
- to the winds, studying the structures architecture to determine the best mechanical design of the device.
Keraunic level Nk
The keraunic level Nk expresses the number of days per year where thunder is heard at a given place.
Lightning density Ng
The Lightning density Ng expresses the number of strikes per year per km2. In France, lightning density values are determined by the
"Meteorage” storm detecting network. When the density is not known for a given place, it can be found from Nk using the relation
Approximation: Ng = Nk / 20
12
Practical Guide
The global Approach to Lightning protection
Winds map
Although the elevation rods are specially made for extreme wind conditions without
using a guying system (refer page 47), it can be sometimes necessary to check
the mechanical strength of the eventual installation. If a superior mechanical 240
strength is necessary, Franklin France teams are able to propose you a convenient
design for the installation. 220 km 2 elevation rods: guying system necessary
220
2 elevation rods: without guying system
200
II 149.1 170
IV 182.5 200
V 210.6 231
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5:
Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Reunion, Mayotte
References: Rules NV 65 (04/2000). Rules which define the effects of the snow and wind on the constructions.
(Ref. Afnor: DTU P 06-002).
13
Practical Guide
Lightning Risk Assessment
Lightning protection
The "Lightning Risk" is defined as the annual probability that damages can be
caused to a given structure by a direct lightning strike. The risk assessment
consists in determining a level of risk "acceptable" for the structure, studying the
lightning strike probability and the consequences which could be caused. At this
risk level there is an associated "protection level" which is equivalent to the
minimum efficiency necessary for the system.
5.5 x 10-3
Nd = 2 x Ng x Ae x C1 x 10-6 Nc =
C2 x C3 x C4 x C5
with
- Nd: average annual frequency of direct lightning strikes,
- Nc: lightning frequency accepted by the structure,
- C1: environment surrounding the structure,
- C2: type of construction,
- C3: contents of the structure,
- C4: occupation of the structure,
- C5: Effects of lightning on the environment,
- Ae Equivalent surface area of capture of the structure (in m2).
Ae = L x I + 6 x H x (L + I) + 9πH2
Note: the values of the coefficients C1 and C5 are defined in NFC 17 100 and
NFC 17-102 standards.
It should be noted that complementary measures must be taken (plan of masses, E ≤ 0.80 Level IV Level III
additional surge protective devices…) when the level of protection required is 1+.
- Si Nd ≤ Nc
14
Practical Guide
Lightning Risk Assessment
Lightning protection
Reference: RISK0002.
Preliminary study to realize and compulsory discharge impact lightning controller for sites with environmental risks.
Electric Installations (NF C 15-100): compulsory installation of an overvoltage protection on the main board of the structures equipped
with a protection against the direct impact (lightning conductor or equivalent system).
Another analysis can be also done according to the UTE C 17-100-2 guide.
15
Practical Guide
Lightning Risk Assessment
Overvoltage protection
L BT = length in km of the overhead LV line supplying power to the facility (if > 0.5 km : LBT = 0.5).
THTA = type of network supplying power to the HVA/LV substation (= 1 if the supply is aerial and = 0 if it is subterranean).
d = coefficient taking account of the location of the overhead line and the installation.
Y=A+S+M+I+E
Y = 8 to 10 * ** *** ****
Y = 5 to 7 / * ** ***
Y<5 / / * ***
16
Practical Guide
Lightning Risk Assessment
Overvoltage protection
Some parameters of this risk assessment can impose a type of protection or can simply make compulsory the overvoltage protection.
To get this software, contact Franklin France by mail or on our website www.franklin-france.com.
17
Practical Guide
Systems of protection
Lightning protections
The dimension of the meshes and the distance between any 2 down conductors
correspond to the level of protection needed to comply with the NF C 17-100
standard:
Distance between
Level of protection Dimensions of the meshes the down conductors
I 5x5 10
II 10 x 10 15
III 15 x 15 20
IV 20 x 20 25
This system requires the installation of guyed towers to sustain the cables and as
many earthing systems as necessary.
A cone of protection is produced which corresponds to the height of the rod and
to the level of protection required. Contrary to the meshed cage, this method only
protects the elements which are in its radius of protection.
The radius of protection proposed by this type of lightning conductor is then widely
superior to a simple rod, it can even reach 120 m in level III.
18
Practical Guide
Systems of protection
Comparative ESE Lightning conductor – Simple rod
That means that, placed under the same conditions, in particular, when they have
the same height and the same geometrical form, the start of the discharge for an
ESE Lightning conductor (ascending tracer) occurs earlier than with a simple rod,
with an increase in effective length ∆L, it thus has a better probability of capturing
the tracer going down and of flowing the current of the lightning.
t
The ESE Lightning conductor allows then to improve the radius of protection of the simple rod of 1.5 to 3 times. This can be checked
by the relation of the NFC 17-102 giving the radius of protection of an ESE Lightning conductor according to the level of protection:
Rp = √ h (2D - h)
With D the diameter of the fictive sphere depending on the peak current I of the first arc-back assigned by the level of protection
according to the relation:
D = 10 * I2/3
19
Practical Guide
Systems of protection
Principles of installation and earthing systems
Conductor fixings:
3 per meter
• The lightning conductor is installed on the highest point, fitted on a (or several)
2.00 m
mast(s) in galvanized steel or stainless steel 2 meters above any other elements.
• From the lightning conductor, run one or several down conductors in tined copper Staff
tape 30*2 mm fixed in three points per meter.
Conductor
coupling
→ For ESE Lightning conductor: • Height of the building > 28 m Tin-plated copper
conductor
3.80 m
30 x 2 mm
• Height chimneys or churches > 40 m
2m
conductor clamp
3 stainless steel
• If there are several lightning conductors on the structure, they are connected fixing clips
together, but should not be connected if the connection must clear an obstacle Second
(wall, fire break, parapet wall) with a positive or negative level difference in elevation
rod
excess of 1.50 m.
5.60 m
• The copper down conductors are made of tapes, braids, or round with minimum Protective tube
length 2 m
section of 50 mm2.
• At the bottom of the down conductor there must be installed a control junction
and a 2 meters mechanical protective tube.
0.40 m
Lateral sealing to
4.15 m, 2 brackets;
above, 3 brackets
20
Practical Guide
Systems of protection
Principles of installation and earthing systems
→ As direct as possible
→ As short as possible
d l
• You can use certain metallic elements of the structure to act as the down
conductor if they correspond to the standards NF C 17-100 and NF C 17-102
standards.
• For the diverting of down conductors, bends formed edgewise should preferably
be used.
l
• When there is a presence of a radio broadcasting receiver antenna, and in
compliance to the NFC 90-120 standard, the antenna support mast should be
connected through a surge protection device or a spark gap to the down d
conductors of the installation.
• In case of open areas, the ESE Lightning conductor will be installed on lightning
masts, towers, or other existing structures.
21
Practical Guide
Systems of protection
Principles of installation and earthing systems
0.60 m
2m
→ If this value cannot be reached, the earthing system should contain a
minimum of 100 m of buried electrode, and knowing that the length of each 60° 60°
vertical or horizontal element should not exceed 20 m.
2m Wall
1m
• An exterior loop earthing system should be buried at least 0.5 meters below the Earthing rod, 1.5 to 2 m ht
ground and at least 1 m from the walls.
0.60 m
8m
• There are several types of earthing systems which depend mainly on the
environment in which they will be installed:
Improved crow's-foot earthing system
→ Triangulated rods earthing system: it is one of the two earthing systems Ground
described in the standard, and uses less flat conductor.
0.60 m
→ Crow’s foot earthing system: this is the second earthing system described 8m
in the standard, it occupies a greater surface area because its 3 horizontal
conductors each measures 8 m. 8m 45°
→ Improved crow’s foot earthing system: the vertical components make it 45° Wall
possible to find ground of different natures to reduce the resistance. 1m
8m
→ In-line earthing system: this system is used in conditions where there is a
restriction in the area available.
2m
II 3 years 2 years
IV 4 years 3 years
22
Practical Guide
Systems of protection
Overvoltage protections
The indirect effects of the lightning are numerous. For this reason we have to protect all the electrical, electronic and computer
elements. That is why all the products of protection against overvoltages were created.
• Protect all the electrical material against the overvoltages from the energy network.
• Divided in class according to the protection required.
• Protections installed in parallel.
• Protections equipped with varistors and spark gaps.
- VLV protections:
- Coaxial protections:
→ The choice of the Up level of protection depends on the electric sensitivity and also on the existence or not of an ESE Lightning
conductor on the building.
→ For Telecom and coaxial protections, it is necessary to take more into account the Up level of protection, the frequency of operation
(Band-width), the attenuation and the voltage of the communication network.
→ The choice of the surge protective device will be facilitated by the markings made compulsory by IEC 61-643 standard.
→ The end of life of the surge protective devices needs to be studied in order to ensure the good working of the material (requiring
additional disconnecting elements for energy networks surge protective devices).
23
Practical Guide
Protection systems
Overvoltage protections
EF EF
20 20
EF
20
Connection equipment
- The cables should run separate from other conductors, and the earthing system should have the shortest possible route to the
equipotentiality bar or the body of the cabinet.
- The path of the conductors needs to be optimized, paying attention to the fact that the input wires on the surge protective device be
distinct from those of the output.
- The output protected by an overvoltage arrester must be taken to the same terminals, on the surge protective device and breaking
device installed for end of life protection.
- The total length of the connections, breaking device and protection device must not exceed 50 cm.
Earthing system
- Any separate ground connection.
- If in an electric board or a cabinet, and if the link to the general ground is too long, an intermediate ground terminal box shall be
installed.
- To optimize the installation, the resistance of this ground connection must be the lowest possible HF impedance.
- A check should be made to ensure that there are no connections within the same building or electrical cabinet to separate ground
connection distributions with remote equipotentiality devices.
24
Practical Guide
Systems of protection
Principles of installation
Rules of installation
- The surge protective device will be inserted in parallel the shortest possible path on the power supply concerned.
- In complement of the integrated thermal disconnection, a protection against the short-circuit at the end of life will be installed,
upstream of the connection of the surge protective device. The diagram of connection will be given, according to whether the priority
is given to the continuity of service or that of protection.
- It is possible to obtain at the same time the continuity of service and the continuity of protection, thanks to the use of several identical
surge protective devices, assembled in parallel, and equipped each one with a deconnector.
- In partnership with the modular surge protective devices, one will choose either of the fuses or of the circuit breaker. This insertion
must hold account of the number of poles to protect and the current from possible short-circuit at the point considered.
It is obligatory to carry out a protection with surge protective device of the type I in the case or the structure would have a lightning
conductor.
The section of conductor obligatory for the surge protective devices type 1 is 10 mm2 and 4 mm2 for types 2 and 3.
F1 RCD
L1
L2
I L3
N
PE
d1
F1, F2: fuses or circuit breaker
F2
SPD: surge protective device
M
d2
E TT Earthing system: RCD obligatory upstream of the surge
SPD protective devices type "C1"
BP: main terminal of earthing
d3 5b
5a Total length d1+d2+d3 the shortest possible
(< 50 cm recommended)
BP
25
Practical Guide
Systems of protection
Principles of installation
- The earth conductor is connected with the main earth of the installation
according to the rule of the shortest possible path.
- Products shall never be opened in order to avoid any destruction or failure and
to keep the warranty running.
Output
Input
EQUIPMENT
Rules of installation for coaxial protections
- This type of protection is installed in series on the coaxial line located nearby to
the equipment to be protected.
- The connection to the network will be direct with connectors of the product.
- Spark gap based coaxial protectors are connected to the earthing system by
spade terminals for conductor from 2.5 to 6 mm2 and the quarter wave type
protectors by spade terminal from 6 to 25 mm2.
- Check that the rated voltage and maximum power of the protection is coherent
with the network.
- Products shall never be opened in order to avoid any destruction or failure and
to keep the warranty running.
26
Practical Guide
Protection by ESE Lightning conductor and energy network
AFB 1060 2D
see page 42
AFZ 0514 PD
see page 48
AFH 8041 PC
see page 54
ASS 1114 D1
see page 67
27
Practical Guide
Protection by meshed cage and Telecom network
AFE 0050 PC
see page 50
AFH 6032 BM
see page 53
AFJ 0812 RE
see page 56
AFF 0836 PC
see page 50
ASX 5001 CO
see page 92 AST 4001 CC AFH 6414 AC
see page 88 see page 55
AST 7403 CC
see page 86
28
Practical Guide
Protection of the transmissions
AFB 1062 2D
see page 42
AY7 9161 BO
see page 100
AST 4001 CC
see page 88
ASX 5005 CO
see page 91
AFH 1057 CS
see page 54
29
Practical Guide
Protection of a church
AFM 6422 AF
see page 55
AFG 0030 CC
see page 52
ASS 4212 A2
see page 68
AFH 2030 CM
AFJ 0819 RL ASS 1114 D1 AFH 8030 CC
see page 56 see page 67 see page 53
30
Franklin France, the know- how at your disposal
Prestigious References 36
In France
In the World
Franklin France, the expertise at your service
The control of the Lightning Phenomenon
Research & Development
Franklin France invests every year more than 5% of its turnover in Research and
Development to stay at the top of the technology.
Within the drafting of the french and international standards, Franklin France
teams take part in order to define the main objectives and participate in the
numerous working groups of the main standardization organisms such as the
GIMELEC (Grouping of the Industries of the Electrical Equipment), UTE
(Technical Union of Electricity), the CENELEC (European Committee of
Standardization of the Electro technical industries). Franklin France also takes
part in the Technical Committee of the American Association of Prevention Against
Fires (NFPA).
Such partnerships, especially with the CEA (Commissariat at the Atomic Energy),
allowed the company to obtain numerous First Prizes for technological Innovation,
especially for the "Saint-Elme® lightning conductor development" and "Coaxstop®".
Strong in its know-how, the company opens today the way to a new generation of
®
lightning conductors: the "Saint-Elme Active " Lightning conductor. This
lightning conductor has a double device, an impulse device and a power device,
collecting the solar and wind energies, this re-affirms the position of leader and
pioneer as Franklin France.
In situ tests
Franklin France has thousands of lightning conductors installed all over the world
which protect perfectly. Franklin France introduced on pilot sites in areas of high
lightning strikes (in Asia and Latin America) supervision stations to carry out
successful tests in real life conditions. The main aims of these studies are
32
Franklin France, the expertise at your service
The approved C3F® training Centre
Become an expert in Lightning protection
Run by the teams of Franklin Assistance® in the offices of the company and
complimented with a visit in the workshops and production. This training can also
take place in your offices.
DE2 Overvoltage To explain the needs and functioning of overvoltage Engineers Knowledge in
protections following the standards. Technicians Electrotechnics
To determinate an efficient protection. and Electronics
DE3 Lightning overvoltage Regrouping DE1 and DE2 with practical cases studies. Engineers Knowledge in
Case studies (DE1/DE2/cases) Technicians Electrotechnics
Maintenance manager Security manager and Electronics
DE6 Information on Lightning risks To inform about lightning protection following regulation Engineers - Technicians No particular
in force. Architects - Installators knowledge required
Maintenance manager Security manager
33
Franklin France, the expertise at your service
Franklin Assistance® Services
Engineering and installations
Installations
Credo of the Franklin France company, the Global Approach finds its real
significance in the particular attention given to the installation of the protection
systems. Indeed, a correct protection, efficient and reliable can be done only if the
installation is realized in total conformity with the "design rules" and the standard
regulations.
To be of the most use to you, Franklin Assistance® teams are specialized for
several years in the installation of protection systems.
Only one team manages the totality of your projects, from the studies until the final
handover of the installation. Carried out with products manufactured by the
company, this constitutes your the best guarantee of an effective and durable total
protection.
34
Franklin France, the expertise at your service
Franklin Assistance® Services
Controls, maintenance and safety
Approved to come to the sites, Franklin Assistance® teams are available for:
• checking the condition of your installations,
• doing a complete audit and maintenance operation,
• suggesting possibilities of improvements,
• specifying modifications required for achieving safety standards or a achieving
conformity in your installations.
In the case of problem, an expert report will be opened by the quality Department
of Franklin France.
Whatever the application and the type of network, the surge protection devices do
not need any maintenance. Only the surge protection devices for energy networks
and the "Saint-Elme Active " lightning conductors must be checked at regular
intervals, these operations are limited to check, its operating state and the
protection devices associated to the surge protection devices (fuses or circuit
breakers), the correct operating of the remote systems.
The teams of Franklin Assistance® are qualified to do this disposal, its collection
and storage, in compliance with safety procedures required. It is also at your
disposal for the teams to measure contamination of sites and to advice or inform
you.
35
Prestigious references
In France
Port
Nuclear
Central
Fire-men,
Customs, regional aid centre
Castle, penitentiary centres
Versailles
DCN
EDF Airport
Insurances MMA Castle of
Gendarmerie School Chambord
CEA
GDF
Rhodia
IFP,
Opéra
GEC Alstom
Haras
SNPE Hippodrome,
Longchamp
Snecma GDF
36
Franklin France, the expertise at your service
Prestigious references
In the world
Among numerous references prestigious in France and all over the world…
Tabarka Airport
Mosque of Constantine
Refinery of Tabriz
Reuter,
GSM networks, Hospitals, Mosque,
Royal Fedex Europe Presidential Palace
Telecom Air Force Congress Palace
Canada Minist. Defence, Samsung,
BP, Shell Ericsson Toshiba,
US Radars Telecom Portugal thermic central Cementeries
Air Force Algérie Télécom,
Minist. P&T et Déf. Tunisian GSM, Golfs, Pakistan
Mosques, Ports Military Sites, Airports Nat. Power Shangai Tower
Petroleos Mexicanos,
African Explosive Co. Presidential palace Banks Company Shenzhen Tel.
Bouygues Sony, Carrefour, Hospitals
GSM networks Radar stations
ESSO,
Minist. of the Defence,
banks Space centre Abatale
guyanais BP Pipelines
GSM, Lanka Bell
Kinshasa BASF, Samsung
Airport, Airport, golfs Golf Sultan Brunei
Coca-Cola Jakarta Airport
Ministry of Defence,
BP, Shell
Elf
Ports & airports,
Mining Sites Malagasi Telecom
Chili Military Sites
Alstom
Plus Petrol,
Shell, Nestlé
Universities
TV transmissions
Refinery of Sumatra
TV transmissions
Legislative Palace
of Montevideo Ayutaya Temple, Thailand
37
Franklin France, the expertise at your service
Prestigious references
In the world
But also:
• International Airport in Jakarta
• Airports of Mulhouse, Montpellier, La Baule, Marseille (France)…
• Autonomous Ports, Le Havre and Marseille (France)
• Motorways of South of France
38
Lightning Products
Lightning conductors 40
Lightning counter 46
Earthings 59
Equipotentiality 61
Lightning Products
Early Streamer Emission lightning conductors
This capacity gives them greater efficiency in the role of "preferential capture points"
compared to any other point of the building they protect. Therefore, these lightning
conductors offer superior guarantees during low intensity discharges (2 to 5 kA)
compared with simple rod type lightning conductors, which can only intercept them
over short distances.
French Standard NF C 17-102, deals with Early Streamer Emission (ESE) lightning
conductors and takes into account the levels of protection Np depending on:
• The excitation distance D considered according to the level of protection required D (I) = 20 m, D (II) = 45 m, D (III) = 60 m.
The table below gives the Rp (m) values for the three levels of protection Np depending on the actual height h (m) of the lightning
conductor in relation to the different planes considered.
Rp (m) T = 15 µs T = 30 µs T = 45 µs T = 60 µs
h (m) Np I II III I II III I II III I II III
2 13 18 29 19 25 28 25 32 36 31 39 43
4 25 36 41 38 51 57 51 65 72 63 78 85
6 32 46 52 48 64 72 63 81 90 79 97 107
8 33 47 54 49 65 73 64 82 91 79 98 108
10 34 49 56 49 66 75 64 83 92 79 99 109
20 35 55 63 50 71 81 65 86 97 80 102 113
30 35 58 69 50 73 85 65 89 101 80 104 116
60 35 60 75 50 75 90 65 90 105 80 105 120
(*) In compliance with the NF C 17-102 standard, and if the lightning constitutes a
risk for the environment (C5 = 10) a coefficient of security of 40% is applied in H (m) 15 µs 30 µs 45 µs 60 µs
France on the radii of protection, concerning the sites classified for the protection 2 7 11 15 19
of the environment (ICPE, decree of the 28/01/93, JO 26/02/93 p3035), it means 4 15 23 31 38
silos (Decree of the 15/06/00 JO 19/07/00 p 11092), nuclear installations (INB,
6 19 29 38 48
Decree of the 31/12/99 JO 15/02/00 p 2263).
8 20 29 39 48
10 20 29 39 48
20 20 29 39 48
30 20 29 39 48
60 20 29 39 48
40
Lightning Products
Early Streamer Emission lightning conductors
A second device, named "power device", collects and stores the wind and / or the
solar energy in several strong power capacitors. The Saint-Elme lightning
conductor is in this way permanently pre-loaded of an important energy which
enables him to support the propagation of the ascendant tracer.
In this last device, the lightning conductor’s head acts as a capture device.
Therefore, the head is electrically insulated from the ground.
®
Caracteristics of the Saint-Elme Active
lightning conductor
• Take in account the energetic information to choose the tracer which can become
an ascending tracer.
• Radius of curve of the head optimize to reduce the corona effect and guarantee
the excitation device.
• Protection of the electrical part against the rain with a dimensioned flange (4).
41
Lightning Products
Early Streamer Emission lightning conductors
Test
®
The Saint-Elme Active lightning conductor was tested in the high voltage laboratory Bazet (CEB) in compliance with the
NFC 17-102 standard and is subject of tests campaign in situ.
®
The Saint-Elme Active lightning conductor’s exitation advance device has been determinated comparing to a rod of reference
obtained in short-circuiting the double device of this lightning conductor.
Range of product
®
Saint-Elme Active range Dimensions
* Counter.
Packaging
Complete lightning conductor conditionned
in carton box.
- Weight: 7 kg
- Dimensions: 800 x 200 x 240 mm
®
Saint-Elme Active lightning conductor remote control tester
AFV 0100 TT
®
The Saint-Elme Active lightning conductor can be tested on site, with its
remote control tester (initial checking, periodic checking in compliance with NFC
17-102 and decrees in force, maintenance, …).
Simple and fast, the test does not require any particular operation of dismounting
of the lightning conductor and can be done safety from the ground.
42
Lightning Products
Early Streamer Emission lightning conductors
Historical
Type - Church monument Aladin
Refer page 46 for the discharge counter AFV0907CF and its characteristics.
Saint-Elme® Aladin
Polished copper Chromium plated copper
AFB0019SE AFB4009SE
43
Lightning Products
Lightning rods
Straight
Height Bend Base Weight
Ref. Designation Type section
(m) a° o.d. (kg)
(m) AFJ 3100 SE
AFA 1005 PF
Franklin lightning
"Industrial stack"
Stainless
steel
1 0.30 30° M10 0.67 fixing clip
Franklin lightning Stainless
AFA 1006 PF 2.40 0.80 30° 30 3.41
"Industrial stack" steel
Radii of protection
Not applicable beyond values marked x.
Only the fictive sphere and mesh methods are applicable in this case.
h is the height of the device above the volume to be protected.
"a" is the hall-angle of the vertex of the cone of revolution, defining the radius of
protection.
Protection levels I, Il, III, and IV are defined by the NF C 17-100 standard.
44
Lightning Products
Lightning conductors kits
1
ESE Kit
38 m radius of protection - Level II
Composed of:
- 1 Saint-Elme SE 9 lightning conductor
- 1 elevation rod n°1 in galvanized steel with 2 clamping collars for down 1 2
conductor
- 2 galvanized steel offset brackets length 220 mm
- 40 clips for 30 mm flat conductor support
- 10 slate slides for tiles
- 1 flat - flat cross coupling
- 15 m flat 30 x 2 mm tinned copper tape
- 1 set of screws for installation
- 1 surge divester with fixing accessories
2
Simple Rod Kit
8.2 m radius of protection - Level II
Composed of:
- 1 Franklin rod
- 1 elevation rod n°1 in galvanized steel with 2 clamping collars for down
conductor
- 2 galvanized steel offset brackets length 220 mm 3
- 40 support fixings for flat conductor 30 mm
- 10 slate slides for tiles
- 1 flat - flat coupling
- 15 m 30 x 2 mm tinned copper tape
- 1 set of screws for installation
- 1 surge divester with fixing accessories
3
Earthing Kit
Composed of: AGN 7730 AT
- 1 control junction
- 1 galvanized steel protective tube for flat conductor 30 mm with 2 fixing
collars
- 3 copper earthing rods 1.50 Ø 16 mm
- 3 earth rod to tape clamps
- 10 m 30 x 2 tinned copper tape
45
Lightning Products
Lightning counter
Description
The impact controller or lightning counter is designed for detecting and counting
lightning strikes received by the structures equipped with lightning conductors. It
is fitted in general to a down conductor.
The information received by the controller can be used for specific maintenance
of the equipment.
It is totally autonomous and does not require any external power supply.
Counter compulsory for protected sites (Decree of the 28 of January of AFV 0907 CF
1993), recommended for Expertise purposes and Insurance Companies.
Installation
NFC 17-102: installation at approximately 2 m from its base. Mounting in serial on
the down conductor, on a compulsory path of the lightning current.
Control junction
Meshed cages: installation recommended of a counter on each frontage, on the
down conductors connecting to the highest points of the structure.
Protective tube
Earthing system
46
Lightning Products
Elevation rods and fixings
47
Lightning Products
Elevation rods and fixings
Fixing brackets presented below are designed for lightning conductors installation
such as:
- 2 fixing brackets for lightning conductors installation only or equipped with an
elevation rod,
- 3 fixing brackets for lightning conductors installation with 2 or 3 elevation rods.
Passage Ø Weight
Ref. Designation Type (mm) (kg)
"offset" brackets
AFZ 0815 PD
500 mm " " 6.77
Passage Ø Weight
AFZ 0412 SL
Ref. Designation Type
(mm) (kg)
AFZ 2802 FU
AFZ 2008 PS
Lateral sealing Galvanized from 30
1.46
AFZ 2008 PS
brackets 400 m steel to 50
48
Lightning Products
Elevation rods and fixings
Distance
Ref. Designation Height Drilling between feet Weight
(mm) Ø (mm) (mm) (kg)
Saddle
Fixing of Saint-Elme® lightning conductors and 2.40 m Franklin rods only on towers
and metal frameworks.
Passage Weight
Ref. Designation Type Observations
diameter (kg)
AFD 0411 EB Threaded base Treated steel M 16 0.88 Mast
delivered drilled
AFD 1411 EB Threaded base Stainless steel M 16 0.87 AFD 0411 EB
Taping
Generally used to fix lightning conductors and their elevation rods to stacks,
concrete masts, etc.
Galvanized
AFD 2010 PS Strip coil 40 mm
steel
- 5 In 25 m rolls
AFD 2010 PS
Water deflecting cones
Water deflecting cones: water deflecting cones are mainly used for vertical fixings of
lightning conductors and their support masts on roofs. Two rubber* models are
suitable for different passage diameters. Their reinforced aluminium alloy base,
forming a plate, can be deformed to match different structural shapes while remaining AFD 5001 CE
water-proof. Possibility of fixing by sealed rivets.
AFD 5002 CE Water deflecting cone " 6 to 127 Ø 200 x 105 0.18
* (EPDM).
49
Lightning Products
Meshed cages
Level of protection Fictive sphere radius Mesh size Space between down
(m) R (m) (m) conductors (m)
I 20 5x5 10
II 30 10 x 10 15
AFE 0050 PC
III 45 15 x 15 20
IV 60 20 x 20 25
Strike points
Franklin strike points are designed for use on industrial buildings, residential
buildings and private homes.
These points are easy to install, gently tapered and entirely conical, lightweight,
rugged and attractive. They are available in several dimensions, in
nickel/chromium plated copper and stainless steel.
Their tips are fitted with a solid point of marine bronze or stainless steel.
They are threaded at the base for fixing by stud gun, plug, bolting, on all materials. AFF 0502 PC
A fixing bracket, designed for flat and round conductors, is inserted at the fixing
point, so that clamping guarantees perfect electrical continuity. An added
AFF 0501 PC
advantage is the possibility of creating a cable path without taking account of the
point positions. These can be determined subsequently, and points can be added
or removed without any difficulty.
Strike point
AFE 0051 PC Nickel/chromium 500 M10 0.79
for cage multipoint
AFE 0101 PC
Strike point
" 1000 M10 1.17
AFF 2030 PC
for cage multipoint
Extra fixing
AFF 0501 PC
bracket for tape
Tin-plated copper - 65 x 30 mm 0.07
AFF 2030 PC Expansion mount Treated steel " 85 Ø 12 x 60 0.045 AFF 0835 PC
AFF 0836 PC Support angle Treated brass M10 50/50 x 30 x 5 - 0.12
50
Lightning Products
Meshed cages
AFF 0835 PC
AFF 0501 PC
AFF 0503 PC
AFF 0501 PC
51
Lightning Products
Conductors
Flat Conductors
Dimensions Cross-section Weight
Ref. Designation Type (mm) (mm2) (kg/m)
Flat conductor
AFG 0302 CP Tin-plated copper 27 x 2 > 50 0.49
(by 50 and 80 m)
Aluminium flat conductor
AFG 4303 CP Aluminium 30 x 3 90 0.24
(by 100 m)
AFG 2333 CP Tape 33.5 x 3 (by 50 m) Galvanized steel 33.5 x 3 100 0.81
AFG 0302 CP
AFG 6303 CP Flat conductor in PVC Copper 30 x 3 > 50 0.25
AFG 1011 CP Stainless steel tape 30 x 2 (by 25 m) Stainless steel 30 x 2 > 50 0.48
AFG 1012 CP Stainless steel tape 30 x 2 (by 50 m) Stainless steel 30 x 2 > 50 0.48
Round conductors
Dimensions Cross-section Weight
Ref. Designation Type (mm) (mm2) (kg/m)
AFG 0028 CR Round conductor (by 80 m) Bare copper Ø8 > 50 0.44
AFG 0018 CR Round conductor (by 25) Bare copper Ø8 > 50 0.44
AFG 0008 CR Copper round conductor (by 50 m) Annealed tin-plated Ø8 > 50 0.44
AFG 2008 CR Steel conductor round Galvanized steel Ø8 > 50 0.39
AFG 2018 CR Stainless steel conductor Stainless steel Ø8 > 50 0.33 AFG 0008 CR
AFG 0008 BC 3 m bar Bare copper Ø8 > 50 1.35
Flexible braids
For portable installations.
Shunts
AFG 0430 ST
Shunts are used to connect metal frames to down conductors. They are made of
flexible tin-plated copper braid, and each end features a crimped eyelet. Available
in various dimensions. Further details on request.
52
Lightning Products
Conductors fixings
Driving in hooks
Fixing of flat conductors to masonry, concrete, brick walls etc. Use preferably with
lead plugs.
AFH 2030 CM
Length Weight
Ref. Designation Type (mm) (kg)
AFH 1030 CM Masonry driving in hook for 30 mm tape Stainless steel 30 0.017
Staples
AFH 0030 AM
To fix flat conductors on tile or slate roofs.
Roof clips
Roof clips: for fixing flat conductors on zinc shingles or roof, pop rivets on shingles
and welding on metal roofs.
"Mamouth" brackets
To fix flat conductors on flat waterproof roof terraces. These brackets are attached
by heat cementing.
Dimensions Weight
Ref. Designation Type (mm) (kg)
AFH 6032 BM "Mamouth" bracket Bituminized alu 200 x 40 0.032
Collars
Fixing of flat conductors on different support types. Delivered with wood screw in
steel M7 x 40.
Dimensions Weight
Ref. Designation Type (mm) (kg)
AFH 7000 AC Fixing collar for flat conductor Brass 50 x 16 0.026 AFH 7000 AC
53
Lightning Products
Conductors fixings
AFH 6501 CL Clips for round cond. Ø 8 on flat support Plated steel Thickness 7 to 11 mm max. 0.002
Gutter passages
Expansion rivets
Quick assembling, no particular tool necessary.
AFH 1057 CS
Dimensions Thickness Weight
Ref. Designation Type (mm) (mm) (kg)
AFH 0075 RP Alu. Pop rivet Aluminium Ø 4 x 12.5 10 0.002
AFH 8040 PC
Stant-off
conductor support
PVC + cement " 1.00 AFH 8040 PC
Cement conductor
AFH 8041 PC support stud PVC " 0.08
(1)
in polypropylene.
54
Lightning Products
Conductors fixings
Metal clips
AFH 6500 CL
Made in stainless steel, these clips are used to fix flat down conductors 30 x 2 or
30 x 3. Fixing with pop rivets or screws.
Fixing thread diameter 6 mm. The "pad" model is also used with expansion rivets
and "pop" rivets. "Plug" model: plug diameter 8 mm.
The "support" model concerns the following accessories to which it adapts. Stud
gun model: 6 mm diameter. AFH 6416 AC
AFH 6414 AC Clip for 30 mm fiat conductor "pad" H 14 mm For flat or 0.023
AFH 6415 AC Clip for 30 mm flat conductor "plug" H 14 mm round conductor 0.023 AFH 6406 AC
AFH 6416 AC Clip for 30 mm flat conductor "support" H 24 mm 0.023
AFH 6408 AC Clip with lock "support" H 25 mm Ø 10 mm max. 0.010 AFH 6407 AC
* For Ø 6 and 10 upon request.
AFH 6418 CT Tile or slate hook White plated steel Length 44 cm 0.093
AFH 6421 CB
AFH 6419 GT Tile or slate slide (nailed) White plated steel Length 23 cm 0.040
AFH 6420 GT Tile or slate slide (spiked) White plated steel Length 40 cm 0.074
AFH 6421 CB Bolt hook clamp M8 x 60 White plated steel For corrugated plate roof 0.010
AFH 6422 AF Roof tree clamp White plated steel Adjustment 17/24 cm 0.074
AFH 6422 AF
55
Lightning Products
Conductors fixings
Conductor interconnections.
Channel clips
AFJ 0811 RE
Made of spring metal, channel clips can connect two tapes together easily and
attractively, As a rule, two clips mounted in opposition are used for these
connections. The large clip allows a cross and tee coupling.
AFJ 0812 RE
Ref. Designation Type Dimensions (mm) Weight (kg)
AFJ 0811 RE Channel clip 30 mm Spring bronze 30 x 30 x 7 0.026
AFJ 0005 RC
AFJ 0818 RL In line coupling for round/round Zinc For round 8 or 10 mm 0.120
AFJ 0818 RL
AFH 0458 RC
Clamping connectors for diam. 8 mm trolley
AFH 1558 RC
Dimensions Conductor Weight
Ref. Designation Type (mm) (mm) (g)
AFH 0458 RC Straight connector Bare copper 45 Ø8 52
Cable clips
AFH 1050 SC
Dimension (mm) Section Number Weight
Ref. Designation Type (L x l x h) (mm2) of screws (g)
AFH 1050 SC Cable Brass dip Brass 28 x 29 x 34 10 to 50 2 x M6 64
Cable sockets
56
Lightning Products
Conductors fixings
57
Lightning Products
Conductors fixings
Computer kit
Choice between:
• Two moulds for 25 x 2 mm braid AFK5301SA
Welds produced:
• On horizontal metal support
• 90° crossing of two conductors
or
• Two moulds for 30 x 3 mm braid AFK5302SA
Welds produced:
• On horizontal metal support
• 90° crossing of two conductors
and
• 20 welds for each connection
Other possibilities
Other possibilities are available in addition to those in kits. Please contact us.
Examples of kits:
58
Lightning Products
Earthings
Earthing equipment.
Control junctions
NF C 17-100 and NFC 17-102 standards: AFK 0080 BC
A control junction must be inserted on each down conductor to allow disconnection
from its earth terminal.
The 2F control junction, featuring very low impedance and perfect conductivity, is
designed for easy installation and inspection
Features:
- For use with 30 mm tin-plated copper or alu flat conductors, 8 and 10 mm
diameter round conductors.
- Base fixed by stud gun, wood screw, etc.
- Safety locking by hexagonal key delivered with control junction.
- Highly profiled and compact item.
Protective tubes
Designed to protect down conductors against any mechanical impact. Placed on
the ground level and near passageways. Delivered with their clamping collars.
Protective tube
AFK 4204 FP Stainless steel 40 x 4 x 2000 0.83
for round conductor 30 mm
AFK 4201 FP Protective tube for flat conductor Stainless steel Ø 20 x 2000 2.18
Earth pits
Designed to accomodate control junctions when these are provided on the ground,
as well as all mechanical interconnections to the earthing network. AFK 8001 RV
59
Lightning Products
Earthings
AFK 1030 PT Stainless steel earth rod (can be lengthened) 16 2.00 3.20
Signalisation accessories
Ref. Designation Type Dimension (cm) Weight (kg)
AFH8000PS Lightning earthing marker Aluminium 10 x 10 x 10 0.11
AFH 8000 PS
60
Lightning Products
Equipotentiality devices
Equipotentiality bar
These bars are used for the equipotential connection of the various ground
conductors (cable, round or flat) and provide the possibility of disconnecting.
They can be installed on a wall, rack or bay frame etc. or in an inspection pit.
AFK 0020 BE
Ref. Designation Dimensions (mm) Weight (kg)
Equipotentiality bar, 2 x 8 holes
AFK 0020 BE 200 x 50 x 5 0.59
Dia. 10 + insulators
AFK 0100 BE Equipotentiality bar, 140 holes, Dia. 10 1750 x 100 x 5 7.00
AFH 8102 CE
Ground coil
This coil is installed in series on the equipotential link between two earthing
systems.
For example, between the lightning conductor's earthing and the mass grounding.
It increases the impedance of the connection which, on a short connection, AFK 0001 ST
reduces the shock effect and energy transmission to the electrical distribution,
without compromising equipotentiality.
This device, which presents no danger to personal safety, complies with standards
NF C 15-100, NF C 17-100 and NF C 17-102.
The coil is connected as close as possible to the mass ground (wall or inspection
pit).
• Inductance: 20 µH / 10 MHz
• Wire cross-section: 25 mm2 (flexible)
• Continuous resistance: 1.5 m
• Maximum continuous intensity: 100 A
61
Lightning Products
Equipotentiality devices
Surge divester
Purpose AFY 7600 EA
Due to their shape and exposed position, TV and other professional antennas
often receive discharges of static or atmospheric electricity.The damage sustained
is often considerable and may destroy both the antenna and any equipment
connected to it.
To avoid this damage, and reduce the risks, surge divester should be installed on
the grounding circuit.
AFK 0112 BE
Reference AFK … 0112 BE 0111 EG 0113 EE
Explosive Explosive
Risk of
Applications environment, environment,
corrosion
cathodic prot cathodic prot
Type Inox +PVC Zinc + PVC Zinc + PVC
Discharge current (8/20 wave) 100 kA, 10 x 100 kA, 10 x 100 kA, 10 x
Level of protection Up
4 kV 2.2 kV 2.2 kV
(Impulse spark-over voltage, 1.2/50 wave) AFK 0111 EG
2 x M10 2 x M10
Couplings Ø 8 mm
(cable 130 mm) (cable 230 mm)
Protection index IP65 Ex(s) G4 Ex(s) G4
Dimensions Ø 45 x 160 mm Ø 63 x 90 mm Ø 63 x 90 mm
Weight (kg) 0.29 0.75 0.85
62
Overvoltage Products
Energy networks 64
Modular surge protective devices type I
Modular surge protective devices type II
Cabinets of protection
Mobile protections
Strategic networks
Miscellaneous
Cabinets of protection 71
Modular cabinets – 230/400 V networks
Mobile protections 77
Mobile surge protective devices type 3
Strategic networks 78
Surge suppressers
19" rack units
Miscellaneous 82
Overvoltage counter
Coordination coils and filter
Overvoltage products
Energy networks
Comply with NF C 15-100, IEC 60364, UTE C 15-443, NF C 61-740 and IEC 61-643-1 standards
Concerns
Interference and discharges of atmospheric origin (lightning induced surges and electrostatic discharges) can create very
strong electromagnetic radiation over large distances which can destroy all equipment connected to any nearby power lines.
(Highly energetic discharges with long duration times, overvoltages larger than the component’s damage threshold voltage of electronic
equipment, inductive effects due to overvoltages with steep slopes). Whether routed inside or outside the buildings, all lines are at risk
from such discharges and the use of protections are here presented is highly recommended for protecting the equipment to which they
are connected.
Purpose
The induced currents are diverted to the earth before they can reach the equipment connected to the downstream power
network while the overvoltages are kept to a harmless level and the equipment running in total transparency for the user.
Application
These devices are recommended for protecting any equipment connected to main power supplies in the case of domestic
and industrial installations. The selection of the product’s type is done taking into account the exposition degree to lightning of the
area (NFC 17-100 or IEC 364 and IEC 61643-1), installation in isolated or metropolitan area, cost and sensitive level of the equipment
to protect, the neutral earthing system, the installation mode.
Installation
They are installed in parallel with the mains in association to a circuit breaker against short circuits (mandatory only if not
already provided by mains or when the upstream circuit breaker is not adapted, NFC 61-740 and 15-100 or IEC 61643-1 and
IEC 60364). Earthing is mandatory and it is done according to the rule of the shortest possible path (all earth conductors must be
interconnected – IEC 61312). Installation of a remote control system coupled to the circuit breaker or to the overvoltage protection with
an overvoltage controller is recommended to secure the overall installation.
Reduce at the maximum the area tinted grey of d1+d2+d3: the shortest as possible (< 50 cm recommended).
the loop formed by the conductors perturbed.
65
Overvoltage products
Electric networks
Class I modular surge protective devices - T1-25 range
Installation rules and electrical safety: NF C 15-100, IEC 60364 or the national equivalent electrical standard.
1
2+0, 3+0 or 4+0 ("C1" type): protection L-PE et N-PE (connexion of type 1). 3+1 ou 1+1 ("C2" type): protection L-N et N-PE (connexion of type 2). L: line. N: neutral. PE: earth.
2
MOV: varistor. GDT: encapsulated sparkgap. 3 EN 61643-11: product tested with its associated overcurrent protection (IEC 61643-1/1998: without).
4
max. calibre of fuses upstream the SPD (circuit breaker: 80 A). 5 TT systems: RCD compulsory upstream "C1" type SPD’s.
Installation principle (general case) Association Internal diagrams and dimensions (mm)
of SPD’s (A) (B) (C) Side view
F2 compulsory if F1 > max. calibre. 4 Protection of neutral (RM) 11-12: normal / 11-14: fault (max. 250 Vac / 0.5 A or 125 Vdc / 1 A)
compulsory. Earth: 5a or 5b link. Total length d1+d2+d3 as V: red indicator at end of life (red = fault)
short as possible (< 50 cm recommended)
66
Overvoltage products
Electric networks
Class I and II modular surge protective devices - T1-12.5 range
TT, TNS, TNC TT, TNS TT, TNS, TNC TT, TNS all TT, TNS, IT+N
Neutral earthing systems
L3: TNC - L3: TNC - L3: TNC, IT -
2+0 / A 3+1 / C 2+0 / A 3+1 / C 2+0 / A 4+0 / D
Protection modes1 / Diagram type
L3: 1+0 / B - L3: 1+0 / B - L3: 1+0 / B -
Technology2 MOV MOV+GDT MOV MOV+GDT MOV
Max.operating voltage Uc (L-N/N-PE) 175 V 175 / 255 V 335V 335 / 255 V 440 V
TOV withstand characteristics Ut > 208 V > 208 V > 416 V > 416 V Uc
Discharge current3 Iimp 12.5 kA 12.5/50 kA 12.5 kA 12.5/50 kA 12.5 kA
IEC 61643-11 In 40 kA 40/50 kA 40 kA 40/50 kA 40 kA
(L-N/N-PE) Imax 80 kA 80/100 kA 80 kA 80/100 kA 80 kA
Protection level Up at In 1 kV 1/1.2 kV 1.8 kV 1.8/1.2 kV 2.4 kV
(L-N/N-PE) Up at In = 25 kA 0.85 kV 0.85/1.2 kV 1.5 kV 1.5/1.2 kV 2 kV
Residual overvoltage Ures to 3 kA 0.53 kV 0.53/0.15 kV 0.9 kV 0.9/0.15 kV 1.25 kV
(L-N/N-PE) Ures to Iimp 0.65 kV 0.65/0.6 kV 1.1 kV 1.1/0.6 kV 1.55 kV
Specific energy (Charge) W/R 40 kJ/Ω 40/625 kJ/Ω 40 kJ/Ω 40/625 kJ/Ω 40 kJ/Ω
(L-N/N-PE) Q (6.25 A.s) (6.25/25 A.s) (6.25 A.s) (6.25/25 A.s) (6.25 A.s)
Response time (L-N/N-PE) < 25 ns < 25/100 ns < 25 ns < 25/100 ns < 25 ns
< 2 mA / - < 2 mA / - < 2 mA / -
Residual current / Follow current (L-N/N-PE) < 2 mA / - < 2 mA / -
- / 100 A - / 100 A
Thermal disconnection and end of life indicator yes yes (N-PE: - ) yes yes (N-PE: - ) yes
Associated overcurrent protection4 250 A gG
Short circuit withstand 25 kA
Residual Current Device (RCD)5 Selective or delayed - 5 kA min. (8/20) (IEC 60364: 3 kA)
Remote monitoring (RM) Capacity 1.5 mm2 - 1.5 mm2
Wiring length / Torque 7 mm / 0.25 Nm 7 mm/0.25 Nm
L, N, PE terminals Capacity 4 to 35 mm2 (stranded: 25 mm2 max.)
Wiring length / Torque 14 mm / 4 Nm
Operating temperature range - 40 / +80 °C
Enclosure: Protection index / Material IP20 / thermoplastic UL 94 V-0
Location category / Number of ports internal / 1 port
Weight (L3) 270 (210) g 525 g 320 (240) g 570 g 290 (225) g 565 g
Installation rules and electrical safety: NF C 15-100, IEC 60364 or the national equivalent electrical standard.
1
2+0, 3+0 ou 4+0 ("C1" type): protection L-PE et N-PE (connexion of type 1). 3+1 ou 1+1 ("C2" type): protection L-N et N-PE (connexion of type 2). L: line. N: neutral. PE: earth.
2
MOV: varistor. GDT: encapsulated sparkgap. 3 EN 61643-11: product tested with its associated overcurrent protection (IEC 61643-1/1998: without).
4
max. calibre of fuses upstream the SPD (circuit breaker: 63 A). 5 TT systems: RCD compulsory upstream "C1" type SPD’s.
F2 compulsory if F1 > max. calibre. 4 Protection of neutral (RM) 11-12: normal / 11-14: fault (max. 250 Vac / 0.5 A or 125 Vdc / 1 A)
compulsory. Earth: 5a or 5b link. Total length d1+d2+d3 as V: red indicator at end of life (red = fault)
short as possible (< 50 cm recommended)
67
Overvoltage products
Electric networks
Class II modular surge protective devices - T2-C1D range
F2 compulsory if F1 > max. calibre. 4 Protection of neutral (RM) 11-12: normal / 11-14: fault (max. 250 Vac / 0.5 A or 125 Vdc / 1 A)
compulsory. Earth: 5a or 5b link. Total length d1+d2+d3 as V: red indicator at end of life (red = fault)
F2 compulsory if F1 > max. calibre. 4 Protection of neutral (RM) 11-12: normal / 11-14: fault (max. 250 Vac / 0.5 A or 125 Vdc / 1 A)
compulsory. Earth: 5a or 5b link. Total length d1+d2+d3 as V: red indicator at end of life (red = fault)
short as possible (< 50 cm recommended) 69
Overvoltage products
Electric networks
Class II and III modular surge protective devices - T2-M range
Installation rules and electrical safety: NF C 15-100, IEC 60364 or the national equivalent electrical standard.
1
2+0, 3+0 ou 4+0 ("C1" type): protection L-PE et N-PE (connexion of type 1). 3+1 ou 1+1 ("C2" type): protection L-N et N-PE (connexion of type 2). L: line. N: neutral. PE: earth.
2
MOV: varistor. GDT: encapsulated sparkgap. 3 EN 61643-11: product tested with its associated overcurrent protection (IEC 61643-1/1998: without).
4
max. calibre of fuses upstream the SPD (circuit breaker: 16 A and 50 A resp.). 5 TT systems: RCD compulsory upstream "C1" type SPD’s.
Installation principle (general case) Association Internal diagrams and dimensions (mm)
F1, F2: fuses or circuit breaker.
of SPD’s (A) (B) (C) (D) Side view
SPD: surge protective device
TT systems: RCD
Compulsory upstream a "C1" type SPD
MEB: main earth bar
5a or 5b: 4 mm2 min. With lightning conductor:
10 mm2 min. (IEC 60364: 16 mm2 min.)
E (M): equipments (masses)
F2 compulsory if F1 > max. calibre. 4 Protection of neutral V: end of life visual indicator (red = fault)
compulsory. Earth: 5a or 5b link. Total length d1+d2+d3 as
short as possible (< 50 cm recommended)
70
Overvoltage products
Main power supplies
Transient overvoltages
VE range
Modular cabinets - 120/208 V and 230/400 V networks
Protection from 10 to 120 kA (8/20) and 10 to 50 kA (10/350)
En 61643-11, IEC 61643-1, IEC 60364 and NFC 15-100 standards
Description
These cabinets are designed for Main Boards (MB) and Distribution Boards (DB)
overvoltages protection and may be installed in either outdoor or indoor locations
including isolated sites.
The concept developed here grants these products a great flexibility and enables to use
them
- for any industrial or home installation
- for any neutral earthing system and any protection mode
this, whatever
- the exposition level to lightning risk of the site (overvoltages withstand)
- the sensibility to the equipment to protect (level of protection, primary and secondary
protections)
The need
Protection against
transient overvoltages
integrated in a cabinet
1
Devices for symmetrical DIN rail mounting 35 mm (EN 50022 standard) such as surge protective devices, modular circuit breakers,
fuses, power terminal blocks…
2
Highly recommended for the protection of mains inputs, building entrance and industrial sites highly exposed to lightning risk or
industrial risks.
71
Overvoltage products
Main power supplies
Transient overvoltages
72
Overvoltage products
Main power supplies
Transient overvoltages
1
TNC and IT systems without neutral (networks with only 3 conductors). 2 TT, TNS and IT systems with neutral (networks with 4 conductors).
General characteristics
Cabinet type Metallic (iron) Polyester (PVC) Next page
Enclosure’s protection index IP55 - IK09 IP55
Cable glands Mounted Without ⇒ Standard applications
Door Glass (Altuglass) Transparent (smoked) for the protection of
Protection’s type (safety) Key secured Double protection Mains inputs and
Operating temperature range - 20 °C / + 50 °C - 20 °C / + 50 °C Divisionary Boards
Wall mounting Fixing brackets M6 screw
73
Overvoltage products
Main power supplies
Transient overvoltages
VE range
Modular cabinets - 120/208 V and 230/400 V networks
TNC, IT systems
Protection circuit breaker (C class) ASS1615DT (16 A) ASS2515DT (25 A) ASS5015DT (50 A) ASS6315DT (63 A)
Services (4)
Remote monitoring
T2-C2D/17 mm, T2-C1D/40 kA, T1-12.5,
Ranges T1-25
T2-M/10 kA T2-C2D, T2-M/40 kA T2-C1D/60 kA
Auxiliary dry contacts for remote monitoring Optional Recommended Recommended Highly recommended
Other services
Other services possible upon request.
74
Overvoltage products
Main power supplies
Transient overvoltages
VE range
Modular cabinets - 120/208 V and 230/400 V networks
Protection of an industrial site with a very high lightning risk level
Example of a site with TNC-S earthing system. Protection of the main security building is T1-12.5 type (building protected with a
lightning conductor). Protections integrated on DIN rails within the distribution boards are not discussed.
DB2 bg.1
HVLV (TNC)
transformer F DB bg.2 F
DB bg.2
(TNS)
A B Equip.
PEN Equip.
(PE) PEN (PE)
D E
PE
Transformer earthing
system Foundation earth electrode
prewired prewired
auxiliary auxiliary
prewired dry contact dry contact
auxiliary TRI
dry contact P ro te ct io n Pr o te c ti o n P ro te ct io n Pr o te c ti o n
11 14 11 14
P ro te c ti o n Pro te ct i o n P ro te c ti o n
11 14
75
Overvoltage products
Main power supplies
Transient overvoltages
VE range
Modular cabinets - 230/400 V~ networks
Protection of an industrial site with a very high lightning risk level
Example based on the same site with an IT+N earthing system (refer to previous diagram).
HVLV Main Board (Bg.1)1 DB1 Building 1 DB Building 2 Building 22
Protection transformer production, stocks, … offices, computer rooms Security building Alarm & control system
F protection G protection G protection G protection
Protection type None T1-25 / IT+N system T2-C1D / IT+N system T1-12.5 / IT+N system T2-M / IT+N system
Network type 230 / 400 V three phase 230 / 400 V three phase 230 / 400 V three phase 230 V single phase
SPD ASS3314T1 (x4) ASS8214A2 ASS1118A1 ASS4204T2 (x2)
Backup protection ASS5125FU (x4) ASS5015DQ ASS5015DQ ASS2515DD
Cabinet ASM9400VE ASN9200VE ASM9200VE ASN9200VE
Dry contacts ASS9400CA ASS9200CA ASS9200CA ASS9200CA
1
The HVLV transformer protection being not implemented, the MB protection is reinforced with a SPD type 1 with Iimp = 25 kA.
2
Single phase protection similar to G protection (with 2 poles protection).
IT+N IT+N TT
"3L+N" "3L+N" "3+1"
fuses circuit breaker fuses
with dry with dry with dry
contacts contacts contacts
prewired
auxiliary
prewired dry contact prewired
auxiliary auxiliary
dry contact Pr otec tion P rotec tion Pr otec tion Pr otec tion
dry contact
11 14
Pr otec tion Pr otec tion Prot ec tion Pr otec tion P rot ec tio n Pr otec tion P rotec t io n Pr otec tion P rotec t io n Pr otec tion P rotec t io n Pr otec tion
11 14 11 14
Installation rules and electrical safety: NF C 15-100, IEC 60364 or the electrical national standard equivalent.
1
L: line. N: neutral. PE: earth. 2 MOV: varistors. GDT: encapsulated sparkgaps.
3
Max. gauge of the device upstream the SPD. 4 RCD compulsory upstream the SPD.
77
Overvoltage products
Strategic networks
Surge suppressers (Up ≤ 100 V)
40 kA protection - 230/400 V~
Comply with EN 60950 standard
Description
Strategic installations need specific protections with very high performances able
to simultaneous absorb very high energies with voltages ranging up to
thousands of volts and to let go through towards the equipment to protect
very low residual overvoltages (< 100 V).
The surge suppresser combines both functions together with continuous servicing
of the installation even after discharges with very high energies such as direct
lightning discharges. The product is dedicated for protecting equipment such as:
- telecommunications and radio-communications centres, Hertzian relays, …
- Main distribution cabinets of automotive systems, computer centres, …)
- very sensitive isolated systems…
The operating principle of the product is based on cascade association of 3 subsystems with different protecting modes, each of them
being especially relevant and conferring to the surge suppresser a maximum reliability and improved performances relatively to
standard protective devices:
- a primary protection level based on the parallel association of high energy varistors which absorb most of the energy of the
discharge, the energy being transferred to the earthing system. This 1st level of protection is redundant (double protection
conferring a maximum reliability to the surge suppresser) and each active conductor is protected by varistors mounted in between
the active conductors and the earth (common protection mode).
- A 1/1 screening transformer as the secondary protection stage especially designed for suppressing surge overvoltages
(transients) transferred down through the varistor’s stages.
- a capacitive stage (third protection stage) absorbing the residual energy and spikes transmitted at the output of the
screening transformer.
The surge suppresser is installed in series with the power line of the installation to protect. Circuit breakers protect the input and the
output of the suppresser itself (protection of the transformer mainly) and the overall installation located downstream, these circuit
breakers being especially calibrated and adapted to each particular application (single or three phase power network, differential
current device at the output for TT or TN-S systems, …).
Normal operation of the product with no load and up to its maximum capacity shows very little in line energy losses and
almost no current/voltage phase shift (cos j ª 0.95). The power of the product will be defined according to the needs of the
installation to protect, starting currents possible future extensions of the installation.
78
Overvoltage products
Strategic networks
Surge suppressers (Up ≤ 100 V)
40 kA protection - 230/400 V~
The surge suppresser will be installed in an open space room following the procedures detailed in the installation instructions
delivered with the product. Incoming and outgoing conductors (and any other cable) will be physically separated to avoid any
possible cross-coupling. Connection to the main earth will be done according to the rule of the shortest possible path. All earth cables
must be interconnected (IEC 60364).
With
RCD
Circuit Circuit Remote
breaker n°1 breaker n°2 control
system
ICB: 3 poles
OCB: 4 poles (with neutral conductor
disconnection)
Varistors’s Varistors’s
stage n°1 stage n°2 PE (earth)
Earthing system
79
Overvoltage products
Strategic networks
Transient overvoltages
Main functions of the 19" - 42 units base stations1 Ordering code ASS 1001 to 1004 AP
Emergency stop
On line indicator
230 V~ single phase main power supply 40 kA (8/20 µs wave) redundant protection with plug-in modules
(IEC 60947, IEC 61643-1 EN 61643-11 standards) 6 protected lines equipped with series filters (40 Db at 2 MHz) and fuses
Continuous servicing + automatic disconnection of the defective device
Alarm + on site survey system with the possibility of remote control monitoring
48 V / 170 V Telecommunication lines
42 lines protected uo to 10 kA (wave 8/20 µs) with 2 pairs plug-in modules
(IEC 61643-21 standards and recommendations CCITT)
Coaxial lines
2 lines (50 Ω or 75 Ω) with 20 kA (8/20 µs wave), protection and N type connectors
(CECC 22000 and IEC 60-1 standards)
Auxiliary external power supply 6 outputs for 24 V applications with specific connections + on line indicator
Thermal stabilisation On line indicator + forced running mode
1
Specific modifications or any other functionality can be introduced upon request.
80
Overvoltage products
Strategic networks
Transient overvoltages
Description
The units will be installed in an open space room according to the installation instructions supplied with the equipment.
Incoming and outgoing cables will be physically separated to avoid any possible cross-coupling. Connection to the main earth will be
done according to the rule of the shortest possible path. All earth cables must be interconnected (IEC 60364).
Equip. 1
Emergency
stop
Filters
Mains Fuses
input
Equip. 5
Redundant
protection Control
Aux.
To remote Fans
control system
Control and forced
running mode
Main specifications of the protection for the mains: 230 V~ single phase main power supply
Max. discharge current (IEC 61643-1, EN 61643-11) 40 kA, 1 time, 8/20 µs1 wave
Protection level Up 1.5 kV at 15 kA (8/20 µs wave)
Integrated thermal disconnection Yes with on site mechanical indicator + dry contacts for remote control monitoring
Terminal capacity 10 mm2 max.
Operating temperature range - 10 °C / + 45 °C in a open space room
1
The protection is redundant (2 stages of protection mounted in parallel insuring a high efficiency), i.e, 80 kA effective flow capacity.
Main specifications of the protection for telecommunication lines with 48 V and 170 V nominal voltages2
Max. discharge current (IEC 61643-1, EN 61643-21) 10 kA, 2 times, 8/20 µs wave
Protection level Up (defined for the nominal current In) 70 V 300 V
Nominal voltage Un (max. permanent operating voltage Uc) 48 V (53 V max.) 170 V (190 V max.)
Impedance – max. running current impedance < 10 Ω - series protection, 200 mA max.
Terminal capacity 2.5 mm2 max.
2
Possibility of mixing protections with different nominal voltages.
81
Overvoltage products
Overvoltage counter
300 A to 100 kA
Tests of conformity carried by LCIE
Description
The overvoltage counter is intended for detecting and recording surge currents
on any installations equipped with overvoltage protection systems (surge
currents with atmospheric origins such as lightning strikes, interference
produced on the mains…). Designed for DIN foot systems, it is installed in serial
on the path of the discharge current towards the earthing system, i.e on the earth
conductor in serial in between the overvoltage protection device and earth system.
The use of such apparatus allows to maintain and to secure lightning
protection installations through routine inspections. The overvoltage
controller operates with no internal or external power supply and it does not
need any particular maintenance.
Recommended for expertise purposes and Insurance Companies.
Counting range 00 to 99
Counter threshold (IEC 60-1 and 1180-1 standards) 300 A, 8/20 µs wave
(Detected minimum discharge current) (no detection below 150 A)
Detected maximum discharge current 100 kA, 8/20 µs1 wave
IEC 60-1 and 1180-1 standards (150 kA, 4/10 µs wave)
Permanent working current None
Terminal capacity 6 mm2 min. to 50 mm2 max.2
Necessity of circuit-breaker No
Operating temperature range - 20 °C / + 60 °C
Enclosure’s protection index IP20
Mounting On symmetrical 35 mm DIN rail foot - EN 50022
Dimensions 90 x 64 x 36 mm
Weight 240 g
Other family products Lightning strike counter, code. AFV 0907 CF
1
Value corresponding to the maximum discharge current available in the testing facility.
2
With converters.
82
Overvoltage products
Main power supplies
Description
Overvoltage protection of mains may need in the case of specific applications the
arrangement in cascade of multiple levels of surge protective devices. It will then
be essential to make these devices compatible together. The device compatibility
is of critical interest when these have to be integrated in the same cabinet making
the length of the cables interconnecting consecutive devices shorter than 10 m.
The devices are made compatible using coordination coils which are
inserted in series in between each consecutive protection.
Sensitive equipment may need high quality power supplies what can be ensured
by filtering the inputs. The series filter ASS 6404 EV is a low pass PI filter with
40 dB attenuation at 2 MHz and a 3 dB cut off frequency of 50 kHz (refer to
measurements). It will be inserted downstream the overvoltage protection and it
can be used in front of any equipment with 16 A max. current needs.
Designed for filtering single phase power supplies, their association make filtering
of three phase power supplies also possible.
83
Overvoltage products
Telecommunication - Data transmission
Multi-line housings 86
8 to 64 pairs housing
2 pairs plug-in module
Wall protections 87
1 to 4 pairs module
DIN modules 88
1 pair module
Computer networks 89
Coaxial computer networks
Special computer networks – PG
Coaxial networks 91
UHF coaxial networks – 50 ohms – N / DIN / 7/16
UHF coaxial networks – 50 ohms – BNC / TNC
UHF coaxial networks – Quarter wave – N / DIN / 7/16
UHF coaxial networks – 75 ohms
Overvoltage products
Telecommunication - Data transmission
Concerns
The surge protective devices for the data transmission and Coaxstops are designed for protecting against overvoltages of
atmospheric origin (lightning and electrostatic) the equipments connected to any nearby network. Highly energetic discharges
with long duration times, overvoltages larger than the component’s damage threshold voltage of electronic equipment, overvoltages
with steep slopes. Whether routed inside or outside the buildings, any transmission line is at risk from such discharges and the use of
protections as here presented is highly recommended for protecting the equipment to which they are connected.
Purpose
The induced current is diverted to the earth before it can reach the equipment connected to the network while the overvoltage is
kept to a harmless level and the equipment running. These devices do not alter in any significant way the characteristics of the lines.
Applications
The Coaxstops are recommended for protecting any equipment connected to coaxial networks such as in the case of GSM
applications, satellite and TV transmission/reception, UHF data transmissions systems, video units, microwave relays… The
user will verify proper fitting of the product’s rated maximum power with the network’s maximum power, and when applicable, that the
DC voltage transmitted by the network is lower than the static (DC) spark-over voltage of the protection (90 V or 1000 V in the case of
the spark gap based protections).
The other protections are recommended for the protection of the equipments linked to Telecom networks or datas transmission such
as telephone exchange systems, terminals, solar energy, automation, robotic, computer and Ethernet equipments, RNIS, alarms,
telephone answering machine, modems, fax, telex, specialized lines or current loop. For these protections, the user will check that the
maximal voltage transferred by the network in permanent system is not superior to the threshold voltage specified of the protection,
and that the operating intensity of the line is compatible with the maximum intensity of the surge protective device operating.
Installation
These protections are inserted in series with the coaxial lines and located nearby (upstream and as close as possible) to the
equipment to be protected. It will be connected to the earth according to the rule of the shortest possible path (all earth conductors
must be interconnected). The end of life of these protection is reported as the loss of the signal or as communication interruption, and
it will be replaced automatically.
Output
Network access EQUIPMENT
AS.....
85
Overvoltage products
Telecommunication - Data transmission
10 kA protections - Multi-line housings
Description
The multi-line housings AST 7400 CC, equipped with 2 pairs plug-in modules, are
designed to protect communication and data transmission lines against lightning
induced surges and interference. These protections are installed in series with the
network signalling their end of life with the loss of the communication while keeping
the protected equipment safe from outside perturbations.
They consist of a multi-level protection that enables to get both fast
operation and low residual overvoltages, this along with a high derivation
capacity of transients achieved using gas arrestors. These products are
especially designed for telephone exchange systems, terminals.
Plug-in modules exist for operating voltages of 6, 12, 24, 48 or 170 V and modules
with different voltages can be mixed in the same safety cabinet and spare modules
can be kept on unused locations.
86
Overvoltage products
Telecommunication - Data transmission
10 kA protections - 2 to 4 pairs
Description
The AST 7460-80 CC range – 2 to 4 pairs products – is designed for protecting
communication and data transmission lines against the overvoltages of
atmospheric origins and interference. These protections are installed in series
with the network, signalling their end of life with the loss of the communication,
while keeping the protected equipment safe from outside perturbations.
They consist of a multi-level protection that enables to get fast operation
and low residual overvoltages (2nd protection stage based on diodes), this
along with a high derivation capacity of transients that is achieved using
gas arrestors (1st stage). Products available for operating voltages of 6, 12,
24, 48 or 170 V.
Ordering codes
2 pairs protection AST … 7466 CC 7467 CC 7468 CC 7469 CC 7470 CC
3 pairs protection AST … 7459 CC 7460 CC
4 pairs protection AST … 7462 CC 7463 CC 7464 CC 7465 CC
Type of networks RS422, MIC RS232, LS Current loops, LS, Telex, RNIS RTC, fax…
(non exhaustive examples) RNIS T2 RS485 LS ISDN T0
Nominal voltage Un 6V 12 V 24 V 48 V 170 V
Maximum permanent operating voltage Uc 12 V 15 V 27 V 53 V 190 V
(cut off voltage)
Protection level Up 20 V 25 V 35 V 70 V 300 V
(Max. residual overvoltage at In)
3 dB bandwidth with 50 Ω 0 - 6 MHz 0 - 7 MHz 0 - 10 MHz 0 - 12 MHz 0 - 20 MHz
Parasitic capacitance < 800 pf < 600 pf < 300 pf < 200 pf < 150 pf
Nominal discharge current In 6 kA, 20 times, 8/20 µs wave
According to IEC 60-1 standard (9 kA, 4/10 µs wave)
Maximum discharge current 10 kA, 2 times, 8/20 µs wave
According to IEC 60-1 standard (15 kA, 4/10 µs wave)
Discharge current for long duration waves 200 A, 200 times, 10/1000 µs wave
Response time < 1 ns
Type of protection Serie
Impedance of line 6 Ω max.
Max. running current 200 mA
Permanent working current
< 5 µA
(leakage current)
Follow on current None
Total failure Short-circuit
End of life detection Communication interrupted
Terminal capacity Network: 2.5 mm2 max. - earth: 2.5 min. to 6 mm2 max. (with spade terminal)
Operating temperature range - 20 °C / + 60 °C
Protection index of enclosure IP20
Mounting Wall mounting, 4 screws
Dimensions 120 x 60 x 31 mm
Weight < 60 g
87
Overvoltage products
Telecommunication - Data transmission
10 kA protections - 1 pair product
Description
The AST4000CC range of overvoltage protections is designed to protect
communication and data transmission lines against lightning induced surges and
interference. These protections are installed in series with the network and end up
after total failure in a short circuit, meaning the communication is interrupted.
They consist of a multi-level protection that enables to get fast operation and low
residual ("let through") overvoltages (2nd protection stage based on very fast
diodes), this along with a high derivation capacity of transients that is achieved
using gas arrestors (1st stage). Protections available for the following working
voltages: 6, 12, 24, 48 or 170 V.
Although inserted in series with the network, the AST4007CC product is a parallel
protection based on gas arrestors only (i.e with a 0 Ω impedance) and
dedicated for large bandwidth applications at very high frequencies.
Ordering code on DIN rail AST4006CC AST4005CC AST4004CC AST4003CC AST4001CC AST4007CC1
wall AST7415CC AST7416CC AST7412CC AST7413CC AST7414CC -
Types of networks RS422, MIC RS232, LS Current loops, LS, Telex
RTC, fax… ISDN
(non exhaustive examples) RNIS T2 RS485 LS RNIS T0
Nominal voltage Un 6V 12 V 24 V 48 V 170 V -
Maximum permanent operating voltage Uc
(cut off voltage) 12 V 15 V 27 V 53 V 190 V 190 V
Protection level Up
(Max. residual overvoltage at In) 20 V 25 V 35 V 70 V 300 V < 600 V2
1
Product valid for any ISDN application, 2 modules needed for ISDN SO TO (ISDN lines with 2 pairs or 4 wires).
2
Impulse spark-over voltage (1 KV/µs), the residual overvoltage being smaller than 100 V under In.
88
Overvoltage products
Coaxial network
Ethernet and IBM TwinAx networks
20 kA protection
Comply with CCITT K17, IEEE 802.3 (ISO/IEC 8802-3)
and NFC 61-740 standards
Description
These overvoltage protections are designed for protecting coaxial data
transmission lines against lightning induced surges and high frequency
interferences, such as Ethernet (LAN) and IBM networks equipped with N type
(ThickNet), BNC (ThinNet or CheaperNet) and TwinAx termination. These
protections are installed in series with the networks.
They consist of a multi-level protection that enables to get both fast operation and
low residual ("let-through") overvoltages (2nd protection stage based on very fast
diodes), this along with a high derivation capacity of transients which is achieved
using gas arrestors (1st stage). This type of protections is designed with a large
frequency bandwith using a decoupled diode array especially designed to achieve
a low capacitance.
89
Overvoltage products
Special computer networks - PG
Coaxial network protections
Description
These protections are designed for protecting data transmission lines against
lightning induced surges and high frequency interference. They are equipped
with DB9 to DB25 pin termination and are adapted for networks to V24/RS-232 C
(with and without handshake), V11/RS-422 A and RS/485 protocols.
ASZ 7474, 7476 and 7478 PG devices consist of a multi-level protection that
enables to get both fast operation and low residual ("let-through") overvoltages
(2nd protection stage based on transil diodes), this along with a high discharge
current capacity (1st stage based on surge arrestors). Characterised by a lower
insertion loss, ASZ 7484, 7486 and 7488 PG devices are dedicated for the
protection of networks distributed over long distances.
Equipped with DB9 to DB25 pin termination, these protections are easy to connect
with the network. They are inserted in series and any definitive failure is signalised
by the loss of the communication.
Ordering code ASZ … 7474 PG 7476 PG 7478 PG 7484 PG1 7486 PG1 7488 PG1
1
Standard design of the product. Terminals can be adapted upon request.
2
Products designed with a shielded housing and internally connected to the earth. Input and output can be reversed if necessary (contact us).
90
Overvoltage products
UHF transmission lines
Transmissions lines very High Frequencies
Ordering code ASX …CO 5005 5006 5015 5009 5008 5016 5010
Surfaces located below the curves represent the maximum transmitted powers.
The power is limited by the connectors type for products equipped with 1000 V
spark gaps. On the other hand, 90 V spark gaps limit the power to 30 W: coaxstops®
based on such 90 V spark gaps are recommended for receiver applications.
ASX5010CO
91
Overvoltage products
UHF transmission lines
Very High Frequencies transmission lines
Surfaces located below the curves represent the maximum transmitted powers.
The power is limited by the connectors type for products equipped with 1000 V
spark gaps. On the other hand, 90 V spark gaps limit the power to 30 W max. These
products are recommended for receiver applications.
ASX5001CO
92
Overvoltage products
UHF transmission lines
Very High Frequencies transmission lines
Description
QUARTER WAVE Coaxstops® are designed for protecting UHF data transmission equipment connected to coaxial networks against
surge voltages. These protections based on λ/4 shorting stubs are especially designed for equipment working at ultra high
frequencies in very narrow bandwidths and with very high requirements. Any signal with frequencies lower than 1 MHz being
filtered, induced discharge currents are filtered and deviated to the earth. This implies that no DC voltage can be transferred to the
equipment through the protection (short circuit of DC signals). Quarter Wave Coaxstops® are bi-directional, totally sealed and
equipped with passive components only. Products adapted for other frequency ranges also available upon request.
ASX5055QO ASX5055QO
93
Overvoltage products
UHF transmission lines
Very High Frequencies transmission lines
75 Ω Coaxstops®
Description
Coaxstops® are designed for protecting UHF data transmission equipment connected to coaxial networks against natural (lightning)
and non natural surge voltages. The induced discharge currents are deviated to the earth and therefore will not reach the equipment.
Equipped with spark gap capsules, these protections are designed for wide bandwidth applications. They allow to transfer DC
voltages to the equipment within the limit of the DC spark over voltage (or static ignition voltage) of the spark gap (surge arrestor).
Coaxstops® are bi-directional, totally sealed and equipped with passive components only.
Ordering code ASX … 7480 TV1 7574 CO 7472 PE 7591 CO 7572 CO 7605 CO 7610 CO
1
Note: delivered with 2 cables with a length of 15 cm for TV adaptation.
VSWR.: Voltage Standing Wave Ratio.
NA: Non Applicable.
ASX7605CO ASX7605CO
94
Other products and miscellaneous
Storm detector 96
Towers 104
Other products and miscellaneous
Storms detector
Description
The Lightning detector is a thunderstorm early- warning system which generates
a "lightning risk" alert and allows the disconnection of sensitive equipment from
the mains and/or the communication network.
Characteristics
Antenna
Weight: 450 g
Dimensions: 140 x 140 x 140 mm
Operating temperature range: - 30 / +60 °C
Enclosure protection index: IP65
Power supply: 5.5 to 7 V DC (supplied by the control unit)
Output signal: 0 to 4 V
Control unit
Weight: 200 g
Dimensions: 105 x 90 x 60 mm
Operating temperature range: 0 / +50 °C
Ambient conditions: relative humidity of 20 to 80% no condensation
Power supply: 5.5 V to 7 V DC (4 batteries of 1.5 V type "C" or LR14, around 1 year of operation)
or 12 to 24 V AC 50/60 Hz, maximum consumption 100 mA
or 12 to 48 V DC, maximum consumption 100 mA
Relays: 5 A - 230 V AC or 30 V DC maximum
isolation: in between the contacts of one relay: 2000 Vrms
in between the contacts and the coils: 3000 Vrms
96
Other products and miscellaneous
Systems of prevention
Autonomous systems for energy networks
Integrated in tight cabinets IP55 with a transparent door, it allow the visual control
of the state of the intern devices, without any dismounting operation. Available in Surge protective devices1 ASS4202EF / ASS8202EF
references
single and three phases versions, it will be installed downstream the circuit breaker
Protection level under In 1 000 V / 1 200 V
of protection against the over intensities (TT system: circuit breaker type delayed
and/or selective compulsory upstream). Nominal discharge current In 10 kA / 20 kA (8/20)
If the defect goes on, the line is disconnected (putting in defect). Operating temperature range -20 °C / + 50 °C
In case of furtive defects, 3 tests of re-interlocking are done before the putting in 1
defect of the line, a reset being insured after 5 mn without defect. Refer the technical sheet for any further information.
IT system: ASS4204EF or ASS8204EF.
2
After all putting in defect of the line, the defect must be found and eliminated Compulsory without upstream protection or if the
upstream protection gauge is superior to the gauge
before putting on service again the product. recommended. Safety general rules: see the
electrical NF C 15-100, IEC 60364 standards or the
In case of under-tension or overvoltage of the specified threshold (180 V and equivalent national standard.
260 V), the re-interlocking of the circuit breaker is automatic as soon as the tension 3
Superior circuit breaker capacity upon request.
is restored.
Ordering code ASN 4042 CP 4202 CP 4642 CP 8304 CP 8404 CP 8544 CP 8544 CP
Circuit breaker gauge 10 A 25 A 63 A 32 A 40 A 50 A 63 A
Differential residual circuit breaker gauge 300 mA Without 300 mA Without Without 300 mA 500 mA
Nominal voltage Uo (Un) Single phase 230 V 230/400 V Three phase
Maximum permanent operating voltage Uc 335 V
Threshold of under-tensions/overvoltages 180 V / 260 V (safety: hysteresis of 10 V)
Level of immunity 1 kV (fast transient) / 8 kV (electrostatic discharges)
Frequency of use 50/60 Hz
Maximum time of disconnection < 10 ms
Temporization Refitting after 2 s (options: adjustable from 2 s to 10 h according to versions)
Indicators: service Green (switch off: absence of tension)
Interlocking gear: flickering red
Indicators: defect Detector of under/overvoltages: yellow (under-tension) or red (overvoltage)
Watchfulness consumption / motorization 25 VA / 20 mA
Dimensions (Height. x width. x depth.) 400 x 295 x 147 mm 550 x 295 x 147 mm
Weight < 3 kg < 5 kg
97
Other products and miscellaneous
Analogue tester - Digital tester
Use
These autonomous and weatherproof work site instruments are lightweight and easy to use.
They provide measurement of grounding resistance levels using the standard rod method.
Analogue tester AFM 2412 TL
- Measurement range from 0.5 to 1000 Ohms, - Conditions of use: -10°C to 55°C / 20
accuracy 5% +/- 0.5 Ohm to 90% RH
- Galvanometer: moving coil, class 1.5, - IP54 case
logarithmic scale - Protected by high breaking capacity fuse
- Measurement frequency: 128 Hz - Autonomy: 1700 measures of 15 seconds
- Off-load voltage <= 24 V peak
Designed in compliance with standards difficult conditions and under any weather
IEC 1010-1 with double insulation. conditions.
This instrument features very high safety Earthing accessories:
characteristics. - AFM 2409 MA
It is particularly suitable for measuring under - AFM 2405 MA
- AFM 2410 MA
Digital tester AFM 2411 TL
- Measurement from 0 to 2000 Ohms - Off-load voltage <= 42 V peak
- Accuracy - Conditions of use: -10°C to 55°C/20 to 90% RH
2% L +/- 1 pt up to 200 Ohms - Response time: 4 to 8 s, depending on
2% L +/- 3 pt from 200 to 2000 Ohms measuring conditions
- 2000-point digital display (3 digits 1/2), - IP 54 case
height 18 mm - Protected by high breaking capacity fuse
- Measurement frequency 128 Hz - Autonomy: 1800 measures of 15 seconds
Designed in compliance with standards voltages, high ground currents, high-resistivity
IEC 1010-1 with double insulation. auxiliary connections, etc.
This instrument features very high safety Earthing accessories:
characteristics. - AFM 2409 MA
It is particularly suitable for measuring under - AFM 2405 MA
difficult conditions: presence of interfering - AFM 2410 MA
Digital tester AFM 2406 TL
- Measurement from 0 to 2000 Ohms, in three - Measurement frequency 128 Hz
automatic ranges - Off-load voltage <= 42 V peak
- Accuracy - Conditions of use: -10°C to 55°C / 20
2% L +/- 1 pt up to 19.99 Ohms to 90% RH
2% L +/- 1 pt from 20 to 199.99 Ohms - IP 54 case
2% L +/- 3 pt from 200 to 2000 Ohms - Protected by high breaking capacity fuse
- 2000-point digital display (3 digits 1/2), - Autonomy: 1800 measures of 15 seconds
height 18 mm
Designed in compliance with standards between electrically independent earthing
IEC 1010-1 with double insulation. systems.
This instrument features very high safety Earthing accessories:
characteristics. - AFM 2409 MA
This instrument is used for measuring soil - AFM 2413 MA
resistivity, grounding resistance and coupling - AFM 2414 MA
Terca 2 AFM 2404 TE
- Range from 2 Ohms to 20 K Ohms - Dielectric rigidity: 2000 Veff
- Accuracy 2% L +/- 1 pt - Conditions of use: 5°C to 50° C / 80% HR
- Maximum measure tension: 50 Veff - IP 54 case
- 2000 points digital display (3 digits1/2), - Protected by 500 Veff breaking capacity fuse
height 18 mm - Autonomy: > 1300 measures
- Measurement frequency 128 Hz
Designed in compliance with standards
IEC 1010-1 with double insulation. Ref. Designation Dimensions (mm) Weight kg
This instrument features very high safety characteristics. AFM 2412 TL Analogue ground tester 238 x 136 x 150 1.3
This instrument is used for measuring soil resistivity to locate and AFM 2411 TL Digital ground tester 238 x 136 x 150 1.3
calculate earthing systems depth, grounding resistance under Ground and
difficult conditions (parasite voltages, high telluric currents, etc…) AFM 2406 TL
resistivity tester
238 x 136 x 150 1.3
and coupling between electrically independent earthing systems.
AFM 2404 TE Terca 2 390 x 260 x 250 6.2
Earthing accessories
Luxury bag for earthing tester - AFM 2410 MA
Rigid bag with pockets containing 2 smooth T rods, Ref. Designation Dimensions (mm) Weight kg
3 cables on reel (100 m red, 60 m blue, 10 m green) and a mall. AFM 2409 MA Carrying bag - -
Luxury bag for earting and resistivity tester - AFM 2413 MA Bag for earthing tester /
AFM 2410 MA 440 x 380 x 280 7
Same as above with 2 rods and 20 m of black cable on reel. Luxury
Standard bag for earthing tester - AFM 2405 MA Bag for earthing and
AFM 2413 MA 440 x 380 x 280 9
Soft bag containing 2 straight rods, extraction keys, 30 m of red cable resistivity tester / Luxury
and 30 m of blue cable reel, 3 m of green cable and a mall. Bag for earthing tester /
Standard bag for earthing and resistivity tester - AFM 2414 MA AFM 2405 MA 460 x 225 x 280 3.5
Standard
Same as above with 2 rods and 3 m of black cable on reel. Bag for earthing and
Terca resistivity and earthing case - AFM 2415 MA AFM 2414 MA 460 x 225 x 280 4
resistivity tester / Standard
4 auger rods, 3 x 50 meters cable, 1 x 100 meters cable on reel and AFM 2415 TE Terca 2 case - -
1 screw clamp.
98
Other products and miscellaneous
Energy storage, control cells
Power cabinets
These power cabinets transform the mains power supply (230 V DC) into a lower
voltage DC supply and have battery backup in the event of a mains power supply
cut. (STNA recommendations - Air Navigation Technical Department)
Photoelectric cell
This photoelectric cell controls the lighting or extinction of a light signal. Its
detection threshold is 50 lux. Above this luminosity value, the cell automatically
switches off the beacon.
Solar stations
On sites without any electrical power supply, an autonomous power source must
be available.
In such cases, solar panels can be used to provide the following functions:
- Conversion of the sun’s radiation by the photovoltaic cells of the panels,
- Storage of the transformed power,
- Regulation and management of the beacon power supply.
For any further information, contact Franklin Assistance to the following number:
+33 (0)1 60 34 54 44.
99
Other products and miscellaneous
Beaconing Low Intensity
Installed directly at the top of the obstacle with a Ø 16 screw or along it with a
square.
For any further information, contact Franklin Assistance to the following number:
+33 (0)1 60 34 54 44.
100
Other products and miscellaneous
Medium and High Intensity beaconing
Medium-intensity lights can cover a radius of 450 meters and can be used beside
low intensity lights.
These lights are powered from a weatherproof unit with 3 m connecting cable and
can be controlled by a photoelectric cell. The unit contains an electronic converter,
providing voltage/current regulation of the capacitor charge required for the flash.
The opening of the beam is 4° vertically and 360° horizontally with a 125 W power.
This device provokes flashes frequency of 20 per minute.
Incandescent lamps
These simple-design lamps come in a single or double version. They have a
yellow polyamide base with a red lamp glass.
The double version provides a backup by switching automatically from one lamp
to the other.
101
Other products and miscellaneous
Beaconing for line
The ABS resin coloured in the mass used for these spheres enhances their UV
resistance and makes them highly durable.
These beacons specially designed for high voltage lines of 33 to 800 kV produce
a red light with intensity greater than 10 Candelas.
These lamps are installed directly on the phase conductor with an antenna
mounted in parallel to the power conductor creating an induced current adequate
for energizing the lamp.
Wind socks
Used to indicate the strength and direction of the wind, both day and night, wind
socks are installed on aerodromes, helicopter landing pads, road sides, leisure
areas, sport grounds.
For more information on the other references and for options contact Franklin Assistance to:
+33 (0)1 60 34 54 44.
102
Other products and miscellaneous
Beaconing for line
These intermediate lights shall be spaced as evenly as possible between the light placed at the summit of the object, and the ground
level or the level of the top of the surrounding buildings, as the case may be, and this spacing must not exceed 45 m.
The number and layout of the low, medium and high intensity obstruction lights to be installed at each of the beaconed levels shall be
such that the object is beaconed from all directions…
Examples of beaconing
Light beacons on a crane
One light at the summit of the pillar, plus one level of lights for every 45 meter section. One light at the end of the beam, one light at
the end of the counter beam. An intermediate light if the beam exceeds 50 m.
Extract from the regulations in force, established by the International Civil Aviation Authority (chapter 6 – Appendix 14).
103
Other products and miscellaneous
Guyed towers
Guyed towers are manufactured from metal trellis girders with a triangular cross-
section of 175 mm center-to-center, and round tubular bracing ribs, dia. 22 mm.
They are delivered in 3 or 6 meter sections, each section having to be fitted with Lightning conductor
a guy stage.
They are joined by means of cadmium-plated sleeves and stainless steel nuts and
bolts.
4m
Elevation rod
Glass fiber
AFD1055KU
15 m
AFD 1051 KU Fiber security clamp 0.20
104
Other products and miscellaneous
Self supporting towers
- The exact geographical location of the site, determining the type of "wind region"
it belongs to (region category 1 to 5).
If the site is exposed, the next higher wind category will be selected.
- The force exerted on overhead structures (total force to which the tower will be
exposed).
All the towers whose references are given below are composed of a base section
for sealing in concrete, a tapered section and a straight section.
Only the head parts are different.
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
Zone 4
Zone 5:
Guadeloupe, Martinique,
Reunion, Mayotte
105
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2006 EDITION h t t p : / / w w w. f r a n k l i n - f r a n c e . c o m