2018 Changes: National Design Specification For Wood Construction (STD120)

12/13/2017
2018 NDS® Changes

National Design Specification® for
Wood Construction (STD120)
John “Buddy” Showalter, P.E.

Vice President, Technology Transfer
American Wood Council
Michelle Kam-Biron, P.E., S.E., S.E.C.B

Senior Director, Education
American Wood Council
The American Wood Council is a Registered

Provider with The American Institute of Architects
Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider
# 50111237.
Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will
be reported to AIA CES for AIA members.
Certificates of Completion for both AIA members
and non-AIA members are available upon request.
This course is registered with AIA CES for
Participants may download the continuing professional education. As such, it does
presentation here: not include content that may be deemed or
http://www.awc.org/education/resources construed to be an approval or endorsement by the
AIA of any material of construction or any method
or manner of handling, using, distributing, or
dealing in any material or product.
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the
conclusion of this presentation.
2018 NDS Changes – STD120 2
Copyright © 2017 American Wood Council
1
12/13/2017
COURSE DESCRIPTION
This presentation will provide an overview of the

significant changes for wood design per AWC's
National Design Specification (NDS) for Wood
Construction. The 2018 NDS is referenced in the 2018
International Building Code and 2018 International
Residential Code and used to design wood structures
worldwide. The 2018 NDS references ASCE/SEI
Standard 7-16 Minimum Design Loads and Associated
Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures which
includes increased wind loads. Participants will learn
about changes in the 2018 NDS to address increased
wind loads and gain an overview of the standard.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Upon completion, participants will be better able to identify:
1 NDS Changes 3 Fasteners

Identify changes in the 2018 NDS Identify new fastener provisions developed
to address increased wind loads
2 ASCE 7-16 4 Nail Design

Identify wind load increases in ASCE 7-16 Design nails for withdrawal and head pull-
that affect wood design and construction through to resist new wind loads
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POLLING QUESTION
1. In the spirit of the season and holiday
festivities, let’s find out the iconic character
that you most identify with this year?
a) Good Ol’ Saint Nicholas
b) Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer
c) Buddy the Elf
d) The Grinch Who Stole Christmas
e) Frosty the Snowman
NDS HISTORY
1944 1977 2001
1962 1982 2005
1968 1986 2012
1971 1991 2015
1973 1997 2018
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ANSI ACCREDITATION
AWC – ANSI-accredited standards developer

• Consensus Body
• Wood Design Standards Committee
GOVERNING CODES FOR WOOD DESIGN
2018 NDS referenced in 2018 IBC and IRC
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2018 NDS – PRIMARY CHANGES
• References ASCE 7-16

• Added equation for withdrawal design values for
smooth shank stainless steel nails
• New provisions for Roof Sheathing Ring Shank
nails in accordance with ASTM F 1667
• New design provisions for fastener head pull-
through
• Revision to method for calculating lateral design
values for threaded nails
• Revised timber rivet design value tables
• Revised terminology for Fire Design of Wood
Members
• NDS Supplement design values updated
NDS 2018 CHAPTERS

1. General Requirements for Structural Design
2. Design Values for Structural Members
3. Design Provisions and Equations
4. Sawn Lumber
5. Structural Glued Laminated Timber
6. Round Timber Poles and Piles*
7. Prefabricated Wood I-Joists*
8. Structural Composite Lumber
9. Wood Structural Panels*
10. Cross-Laminated Timber
* No changes
11. Mechanical Connections
12. Dowel-Type Fasteners
13. Split Ring and Shear Plate Connectors*
14. Timber Rivets
15. Special Loading Conditions*
2018 NDS Changes – STD120 16. Fire Design of Wood Members 10
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NDS 2018 APPENDICES
A. Construction and Design Practices

B. Load Duration (ASD Only)
C. Temperature Effects
D. Lateral Stability of Beams
E. Local Stresses in Fastener Groups
F. Design for Creep and Critical Deflection Applications
G. Effective Column Length
H. Lateral Stability of Columns
I. Yield Limit Equations for Connections
J. Solution of Hankinson Equation
K. Typical Dimensions for Split Ring and Shear Plate Connectors
L. Typical Dimensions for Dowel-Type Fasteners and Washers
M. Manufacturing Tolerances for Rivets and Steel Side Plates for
Timber Rivet Connections
N. Appendix for Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) –
Mandatory
NDS 2018 SUPPLEMENT
1. Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies

2. Species Combinations
3. Section Properties
4. Reference Design Values
• Sawn Lumber and Timber
• MSR and MEL
• Decking
• Non-North American Sawn Lumber
• Structural Glued Laminated Timber
• Timber Poles and Piles
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CHAPTER 1
MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS
• Reference Loads
• Minimum Load Standards
• ASCE 7-16
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NOTATION
1.6 Notation
• DH = fastener head diameter, in.
• EIeff = effective bending stiffness of the CLT section, lbs-in.2/ft of panel width
• GAeff = effective shear stiffness of the CLT section, lbs/ft of panel width
• WH, WH' = reference and adjusted pull-through design value, lbs
• achar = effective char depth, in
• aeff = effective char depth, in.
• tns = net side member thickness, in.
• t eff = non-linear effective char rate (in./hr.0.813) adjusted for exposure time, t
CHAPTER 2
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RESPONSIBILITY OF DESIGNER
LOAD DURATION FACTOR
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CHAPTER 3
BEAM STABILITY FACTOR
3.3.3 Beam Stability Factor, CL
Source: APA
10
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POLLING QUESTION
2. The 2018 NDS references which of the following codes or

standards?
a. 2018 IBC
b. 2018 IRC
c. ASCE 7-16
d. All of the above
CHAPTER 4
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FLAT USE FACTOR
y y
INCISING FACTOR
4.3.8 Incising Factor, Ci

Dimensional lumber - Allowance for incising
factors from company providing incising
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WOOD TRUSSES
CHAPTER 5
2018 NDS Changes – STD120 Source: APA 26
13
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ADJUSTMENT FACTORS
Source: APA
CHAPTER 6
NO CHANGE
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CHAPTER 7
NO CHANGE

Source: APA
CHAPTER 8
Source: APA
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VOLUME FACTOR
Volume Factor Cv –
Tension parallel to grain
CHAPTER 9
NO CHANGE
Source: APA
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CHAPTER 10
Source: Seagate
FORMAT CONVERSION FACTOR
Format
Conversion
Factor
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DEFLECTION – EFFECTIVE SHEAR STIFFNESS
Per ANSI/APA PRG 320-2017
Source: APA
CHAPTER 11
Roof Sheathing Ring Shank Nails
Option to address significant increases

in ASCE 7-16 C&C roof wind pressures
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ADJUSTMENT FACTORS – HEAD PULL-THROUGH
WET SERVICE FACTORS – HEAD PULL-THROUGH
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POLLING QUESTION
3. The volume factor, CV, for Structural Composite Lumber

shall be included in the calculation of Fv.
True or False
CHAPTER 12
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TYPICAL NAIL HEADS
Photos courtesy Falcon Fasteners
ASTM F1667
2018 NDS Changes – STD120 ESR 1539 Photos courtesy of Hitachi – Falcon - Hitachi 41
TYPICAL NAIL SHANKS
Photos courtesy of Falcon Fasteners

Sketches courtesy ISANTA
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TYPICAL NAIL POINTS
Photos courtesy of Falcon Fasteners
ROOF SHEATHING RING SHANK NAILS
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12/13/2017
SMOOTH SHANK NAILS OR SPIKES
CARBON STEEL NAIL WITHDRAWAL
23
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STAINLESS STEEL NAIL WITHDRAWAL
NEW
DEFORMED SHANK NAILS
24
12/13/2017
RSRS NAIL WITHDRAWAL
SMOOTH SHANK NAIL WITHDRAWAL STRENGTH

ASD Withdrawal Strength
(Smooth shank, 8d common nail)
45
Pounds per inch of penetration
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
0
0.55 0.5 0.45 0.4 0.35
Wood specific gravity
Carbon steel (bright or galvanized) Stainless steel
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FASTENER HEAD PULL-THROUGH
FASTENER HEAD PULL-THROUGH
NEW
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12/13/2017
FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY
Fastener Uplift Capacity = lesser of W’ and WH’
FASTENER UPLIFT DESIGN EXAMPLE
Fastener Uplift Capacity - Roof Sheathing Ring Shank Nail
RSRS
7/16 OSB
2x6
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Fastener Uplift Capacity - Roof Sheathing Ring Shank Nail (cont.)
28
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Fastener head pull-through of 67 lbs is less than withdrawal capacity of 88 lbs and controls
design capacity. See NDS Table 11.3.1 for application of additional adjustment factors for
connections based on end use conditions.
FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY
2018 WFCM Table 3.10
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POLLING QUESTION
4. Calculating fastener head pull-through requires which of

the following properties?
a. Fastener head diameter
b. Net side member thickness
c. Side member specific gravity
d. All of the above
e. a. and c. only
ASCE 7-16 WIND LOAD CHANGES
Figure 26.5-1B Basic Wind

Speeds for Risk Category II
Buildings and Other Structures
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12/13/2017
ASCE 7 WIND LOAD CHANGES
C&C Loads
• Increase in hurricane regions
• Larger roof zones
• Interior roof zones increase most
ASCE 7 WIND LOAD CHANGES
C&C Roof Coefficients
Ratio of ASCE 7-16/ASCE 7-10

Roof Slope Roof GCp - GCpi Roof Overhang GCp - GCpi
3r 3e 2r 2n 2e 1 3r 3e 2r 2n 2e 1
7 < Θ ≤ 20 1.36 1.14 1.69 1.69 1.16 2.02 1.27 1.11 1.59 1.59 1.14 -
20 < Θ ≤ 27 1.36 0.96 1.43 1.43 0.89 1.56 1.27 0.97 1.36 1.36 0.91 -
27 < Θ ≤ 45 1.58 2.45 1.43 1.58 1.43 1.68 1.40 2.00 1.30 1.40 1.30 -
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FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY COMPARISONS
110mph Exposure B, 7/16" WSP, Framing G = 0.42, Rafter spacing = 24”
• For lower wind speed zones and lower G framing, RSRS gives simpler nailing schedule option
Nail Type Perimeter Nailing Interior Nailing

(Zones 2 & 3) (Zone 1)
RSRS 6/12 6/12
8d Common 6/6 6/12
FASTENER UPLIFT CAPACITY COMPARISONS
180mph Exposure B, 19/32" WSP, Framing G = 0.55, Rafter spacing = 24”
• Assume complex roof where separating perimeter and interior zones is difficult
• RSRS nails with 19/32" WSP allow 6/6 nailing everywhere – simple
• For higher wind speeds and higher G framing, RSRS provides beneficial options
Nail Type Perimeter Nailing Interior Nailing

RSRS 6/6 6/12
8d Common 4/4 6/6
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DOWEL DIAMETER
Post-Frame Ring Shank
2018 NDS Changes – STD120 Roof Sheathing Ring Shank 65
RSRS NAIL LATERAL VALUES
33
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RSRS NAIL LATERAL VALUES
POST FRAME RING SHANK LATERAL VALUES
REVISED
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POST FRAME RING SHANK LATERAL VALUES
REVISED
CHAPTER 13
NO CHANGE
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CHAPTER 14
WOOD CAPACITY PARALLEL-TO-GRAIN
Limits max distance perp-to-grain between outermost rivet rows to 12
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WOOD CAPACITY PERPENDICULAR-TO-GRAIN
Limits rivets per row
CHAPTER 15
NO CHANGE
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CHAPTER 16
CHAR RATE
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CHAR DEPTH
Structural
Fire
2018 NDS Changes – STD120
Design 77
CONNECTIONS
2018 NDS Changes – STD120 Photo courtesy of Softwood Lumber Board 78
39
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APPENDIX L
APPENDIX L
NEW
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NDS 2018 SUPPLEMENT
• New and revised grades of MSR & MEL

• Redwood grades requiring “close grain,”
removed
• Addition of Norway Spruce (from Norway)
to foreign species dimension lumber
• Addition of shear-free moduli of elasticity
for structural glulam
POLLING QUESTION
5. What is the nominal char rate (in./hr) assumed for

lumber and other mass timber products?
a. 0.813
b. 1.2
c. 1.5
d. 1.8
e. None of the above
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12/13/2017
MORE INFO???
http://awc.org/codes-
standards/publications
i n fo @ a w c . o r g | w w w. a w c . o r g
This concludes the American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course
This presentation is protected by US and International Copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution,

display and use of the presentation without written permission of American Wood Council (AWC) is
prohibited. © American Wood Council 2017
42

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12/13/2017

2018 NDS® Changes

John “Buddy” Showalter, P.E.

Michelle Kam-Biron, P.E., S.E., S.E.C.B

The American Wood Council is a Registered

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 2

This presentation will provide an overview of the

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 3

1 NDS Changes 3 Fasteners

2 ASCE 7-16 4 Nail Design

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 4

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 5

1944 1977 2001

1962 1982 2005

1968 1986 2012

1971 1991 2015

1973 1997 2018

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 6

AWC – ANSI-accredited standards developer

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 7

GOVERNING CODES FOR WOOD DESIGN

2018 NDS referenced in 2018 IBC and IRC

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 8

2018 NDS – PRIMARY CHANGES

• References ASCE 7-16

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 9

NDS 2018 CHAPTERS

NDS 2018 APPENDICES

A. Construction and Design Practices

NDS 2018 SUPPLEMENT

1. Sawn Lumber Grading Agencies

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 12

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 13

MINIMUM DESIGN LOADS

• Minimum Load Standards

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 14

• WH, WH' = reference and adjusted pull-through design value, lbs

• achar = effective char depth, in

• aeff = effective char depth, in.

• tns = net side member thickness, in.

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 15

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 16

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 17

LOAD DURATION FACTOR

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 18

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 19

BEAM STABILITY FACTOR

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 20

2. The 2018 NDS references which of the following codes or

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 21

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 22

FLAT USE FACTOR

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 23

4.3.8 Incising Factor, Ci

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 24

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 25

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 Source: APA 26

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 28

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 29

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 30

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 31

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 32

2018 NDS Changes – STD120 33