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Introduction
Today, we live in the world full of development and enthusiastic for still more
comfort and facilities. This leads to innovation and revolutions in each and every field, but
on contrary it has negative impact on environment as sources get depleted. One of this
natural resources are the materials used in the field of cement production.
substance that sets and hardens and might bind alternative materials along. It is a highly
versatile building materials valued for its desirable properties especially for its high
compressive strength and durability. But the high cost of cement causes many researchers
to look for partial replacement from an alternative material that has pozzolanic properties
to be mixed on cement. Many replacement has been studied and is already in the market
but civil engineers always want to find an alternative and easy available materials that can
possibly reduce the expenses in the materials and can utilize agricultural waste.
By using locally available waste like corn husk and cassava peel as partial
substitution at place of cement, it may prove more economical than traditional concrete
and question of damping of such waste produced by different industries is also get solved.
This waste also creates air and land pollution by damping and also causes water pollution
so by using these materials on concrete we can save our atmosphere and land. Therefore,
the goal of this study is to produce economical and eco-friendly cement with all desired
Cement is widely used by human beings and considered as second largest material
after water used by human beings. Over the years, cement is becoming increasingly
expensive due to high cost used in their processes, production, and transportation. That’s
why many researchers study different raw materials that may have similar properties to
cement. Pozzolans were used to improve the properties of cement especially in terms of
compressive strength and durability. This reasons led the researchers to search for
alternative raw materials that can be use as partial replacement for cement. This study aims
to determine the effect of Corn Husk Ash and Cassava Peel Ash on the Compressive
Corn husk are the outside green leaves on a cob of a corn, that we usually peel off
and discard. Corn is the second agricultural crop in the world. Before eating, the husk of a
corn is being thrown away for it is not edible but nowadays it has been used in cooking and
for cooking presentations. Nazir et al. (2012) reiterated that the ash of the corn husk is
material.
cassava processing, either for domestic consumption or industrial uses (Owolabi et al,
2015). Cassava is widely planted in tropical countries and Philippines is one of the
countries with abundant source of cassava. The most common used and consumed part of
cassava is its roots but the peel from its roots is removed before cooking. One study
described that cassava peel ash (CPA) has been found to be pozzolanic when it is calcined
dioxide more than 15 % globally. And through using partially alternative replacement
which are green materials, it helps to reduce the disadvantages of cement unlike the
production of conventional cement. Corn husk and cassava peel are both byproducts and
considered as agricultural waste but also both are ecofriendly materials and are available
locally. The use of industrial and agricultural wastes as pozzolan cementitious materials in
durability. This research focus on the impact of using CHA and CPA as partial substitute
The primary objective of this research is to determine the Effect of Corn Husk Ash
(CHA) and Cassava Peel Ash (CPA) on the Compressive strength of Concrete as Partial
Replacement for Cement. The specific objectives of this research are as follows:
3. To determine the design mix using CHA and CPA as pozzolanic materials.
6. To determine the amount of CHA and CPA with optimum compressive strength.
Statement of the problem
This study will determine the effect of CHA and CPA on the compressive strength of
concrete as partial replacement for cement. Specifically, it will answer the following
questions:
1. What are the physical properties of CHA as partial replacement for cement?
A. Specific gravity
B. Bulk density
C. Fineness
2. What are the physical properties of CPA as partial replacement for cement?
D. Specific gravity
E. Bulk density
F. Fineness
3. What are the computed design mix using varying amount of CHA and CPA as
pozzolanic material?
A. 0% replacement level
B. 5% replacement level
4. What are the significant difference among the compressive strength of concrete
6. What is the amount of CPA and CHA stated in no. 3 with optimum compressive
strength?
Statement of Hypothesis
Ha. There is a significant difference among the compressive strength of concrete using
Ho. There is no significant difference among the compressive strength of concrete using
Community. The utilization of Corn Husk Ash and Cassava Peel Ash can replace a
relatively amount of raw materials used in conventional cement and thus, help to reduce
Husk Ash and Cassava Peel Ash may produce an economical concrete with all desired
Students. This study may serve as a guide and reference for the students undertaking
similar studies.
Future Researchers. The result of this study will be a useful reference for the
researchers who would plan to make any related study precisely to Partial Replacement for
Cement.
The main focus of this study is to determine the relationship among the compressive
strength of the concrete blocks with partial replacement of CPA and CHA and its
Portland Cement will be partially replaced by CHA and CPA. This study is limited in
reducing the demand for cement as per its high cost and the effect of its production in the
atmosphere. The research will only determine the physical properties of both ashes after it
was calcined because other properties are not necessary and some studies already reported
them. The mix design will be computed according to the varying amounts of partial
Nazir , M., Abeyruwan, H., & Mauroof, M. (2012). Waste ash pozzolans:
Owolabi, T., Popoola, O., & Wasiu, J. (2015). The Study Of Compressive Strength On
Salau, M., & Olonade, K. (2011). Pozzolanic Potentials of Cassava Peel Ash.
investigated two types of corn husks, the regular corn ashes and high-silica corn. Using
PHILIPS PW2404 Xray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF), they found out that both
materials contain the same chemical compositions, and they both contain high levels of
SiO2 (35.6% - 38.3%) and K2O (24.0% - 27.6%) ( Kevern & Wang, 2010). At the same
time, they cited that it was best for corn ashes to produce at temperatures below 700 ºC to
maximize the content of amorphous silica (Kevern & Wang, cited at Chopra et al, 2010)
and simple burn procedures typically occur between 500 ºC and 600 ºC (Kevern & Wang,
Physical properties of corn husk ash. Also, Kevern and Wang found out that regular
corn husk ash has specific gravity of 2.31 using a helium pycnometer based on ASTM
D5550 and the surface area was 561 m2/kg using Blaine test ( Kevern & Wang, 2010).